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Alghadeer A, Hanson-Drury S, Patni AP, Ehnes DD, Zhao YT, Li Z, Phal A, Vincent T, Lim YC, O'Day D, Spurrell CH, Gogate AA, Zhang H, Devi A, Wang Y, Starita L, Doherty D, Glass IA, Shendure J, Freedman BS, Baker D, Regier MC, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Single-cell census of human tooth development enables generation of human enamel. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2163-2180.e9. [PMID: 37582367 PMCID: PMC10629594 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Tooth enamel secreted by ameloblasts (AMs) is the hardest material in the human body, acting as a shield to protect the teeth. However, the enamel is gradually damaged or partially lost in over 90% of adults and cannot be regenerated due to a lack of ameloblasts in erupted teeth. Here, we use single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing (sci-RNA-seq) to establish a spatiotemporal single-cell census for the developing human tooth and identify regulatory mechanisms controlling the differentiation process of human ameloblasts. We identify key signaling pathways involved between the support cells and ameloblasts during fetal development and recapitulate those findings in human ameloblast in vitro differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We furthermore develop a disease model of amelogenesis imperfecta in a three-dimensional (3D) organoid system and show AM maturation to mineralized structure in vivo. These studies pave the way for future regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Alghadeer
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sesha Hanson-Drury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anjali P Patni
- Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Devon D Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zicong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashish Phal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yen C Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Diana O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cailyn H Spurrell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aishwarya A Gogate
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lea Starita
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dan Doherty
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA 98109
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary C Regier
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Irani S, Alimohammadi S, Najafian T. Immunohistochemical Localization of Endothelin- 1 and Endothelin A Receptor in Human Primary Tooth Enamel Organ. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2023; 24:328-334. [PMID: 37727358 PMCID: PMC10506140 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2022.95201.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem Enamel organ (EO) is an ectodermal derived structure, which is involved in the different aspects of tooth development. Tooth development shares the same regulatory molecules and genes expressed in other developing organs. Endothelin- 1 (ET-1) and Endothelin A receptor (ETAR), (ET-1/ETAR) axis, are involved in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and organ development. Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the ET-1 and ETAR expression profiles during the development of human primary tooth EO with the relatively large sample size. Materials and Method In this experimental study, 33 human fetuses aged from 13 to 23 weeks (3 samples from each fetal age) were collected. The samples were divided into three age groups (<16 weeks, <19 weeks, ≥19 weeks) and cut for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. A two-way ANOVA test was conducted to examine the expression levels of ET-1 and ETAR in different layers of human primary tooth EO. The statistical significance was assumed at p ≤ 0.05. Results There were statistically significant differences between the expression levels of ET-1/ETAR axis in the four-layered human primary tooth EO in different fetal ages (13-23 weeks). Besides, there were significant differences between the expression levels of ET-1/ETAR axis in all layers of human primary enamel organ and types of teeth. Conclusion Due to the profile of expression of ET-1/ETAR axis, it can be concluded that this axis contributes to the differentiation of all human primary EO layers and secretion of enamel. ET-1/ETAR axis is one of the signaling molecules, which may have crucial roles in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Dept. of Oral Pathology, Dental Faculty, Dental Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Lecturer at Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Shohreh Alimohammadi
- Gynecologist and Perinatologist, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P, Capellini TD, Smith MM. The Notch-mediated circuitry in the evolution and generation of new cell lineages: the tooth model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:182. [PMID: 37330998 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an ancient, evolutionary conserved intercellular signaling mechanism that is involved in cell fate specification and proper embryonic development. The Jagged2 gene, which encodes a ligand for the Notch family of receptors, is expressed from the earliest stages of odontogenesis in epithelial cells that will later generate the enamel-producing ameloblasts. Homozygous Jagged2 mutant mice exhibit abnormal tooth morphology and impaired enamel deposition. Enamel composition and structure in mammals are tightly linked to the enamel organ that represents an evolutionary unit formed by distinct dental epithelial cell types. The physical cooperativity between Notch ligands and receptors suggests that Jagged2 deletion could alter the expression profile of Notch receptors, thus modifying the whole Notch signaling cascade in cells within the enamel organ. Indeed, both Notch1 and Notch2 expression are severely disturbed in the enamel organ of Jagged2 mutant teeth. It appears that the deregulation of the Notch signaling cascade reverts the evolutionary path generating dental structures more reminiscent of the enameloid of fishes rather than of mammalian enamel. Loss of interactions between Notch and Jagged proteins may initiate the suppression of complementary dental epithelial cell fates acquired during evolution. We propose that the increased number of Notch homologues in metazoa enabled incipient sister cell types to form and maintain distinctive cell fates within organs and tissues along evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM) and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköpings Universitet, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Moya Meredith Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK
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Krivanek J, Buchtova M, Fried K, Adameyko I. Plasticity of Dental Cell Types in Development, Regeneration, and Evolution. J Dent Res 2023; 102:589-598. [PMID: 36919873 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have improved our understanding of the plasticity of cell types behind inducing, building, and maintaining different types of teeth. The latest efforts were aided by progress in single-cell transcriptomics, which helped to define not only cell states with mathematical precision but also transitions between them. This includes new aspects of dental epithelial and mesenchymal stem cell niches and beyond. These recent efforts revealed continuous and fluid trajectories connecting cell states during dental development and exposed the natural plasticity of tooth-building progenitors. Such "developmental" plasticity seems to be employed for organizing stem cell niches in adult continuously growing teeth. Furthermore, transitions between mature cell types elicited by trauma might represent a replay of embryonic continuous cell states. Alternatively, they could constitute transitions that evolved de novo, not known from the developmental paradigm. In this review, we discuss and exemplify how dental cell types exhibit plasticity during dynamic processes such as development, self-renewal, repair, and dental replacement. Hypothetically, minor plasticity of cell phenotypes and greater plasticity of transitions between cell subtypes might provide a better response to lifetime challenges, such as damage or dental loss. This plasticity might be additionally harnessed by the evolutionary process during the elaboration of dental cell subtypes in different animal lineages. In turn, the diversification of cell subtypes building teeth brings a diversity of their shape, structural properties, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtova
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - I Adameyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Enamel Phenotypes: Genetic and Environmental Determinants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030545. [PMID: 36980818 PMCID: PMC10048525 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is a specialized tissue that has adapted over millions of years of evolution to enhance the survival of a variety of species. In humans, enamel evolved to form the exterior protective layer for the crown of the exposed tooth crown. Its unique composition, structure, physical properties and attachment to the underlying dentin tissue allow it to be a resilient, although not self-repairing, tissue. The process of enamel formation, known as amelogenesis, involves epithelial-derived cells called ameloblasts that secrete a unique extracellular matrix that influences the structure of the mineralizing enamel crystallites. There are over 115 known genetic conditions affecting amelogenesis that are associated with enamel phenotypes characterized by either a reduction of enamel amount and or mineralization. Amelogenesis involves many processes that are sensitive to perturbation and can be altered by numerous environmental stressors. Genetics, epigenetics, and environment factors can influence enamel formation and play a role in resistance/risk for developmental defects and the complex disease, dental caries. Understanding why and how enamel is affected and the enamel phenotypes seen clinically support diagnostics, prognosis prediction, and the selection of treatment approaches that are appropriate for the specific tissue defects (e.g., deficient amount, decreased mineral, reduced insulation and hypersensitivity). The current level of knowledge regarding the heritable enamel defects is sufficient to develop a new classification system and consensus nosology that effectively communicate the mode of inheritance, molecular defect/pathway, and the functional aberration and resulting enamel phenotype.
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Alam MK, Dhasarathan V, Aly MH, Zaman MU, Ganji KK, Basri R, Munisekhar MS, Nagarajappa AK. Investigation on Enamel and Dentine of Tooth through 1D Photonic Structure to Identify the Caries in Human Teeth. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120788. [PMID: 36550994 PMCID: PMC9774619 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a one-dimensional (1D) photonic structure was employed to study the nature of both enamel and dentine teeth at the signal of 1.8 THz. A simple three layer one-dimensional crystal is chosen to avoid fabrication intricacy. The materials and methods for sample preparations are discussed. The principle of investigation of caries in the teeth relies on the amount of reflected signal from the structure. Similarly, reflectance is a function of refractive indices and thickness of each layer, the nature of both substrate and infiltrated materials, and the configuration of the structure. Apart from this, the fabrication process of one-dimensional structure and experimental set-up was proposed in this article. The numerical treatment is explained here to obtain reflectance, and subsequently, the output potential. Comparison studies on output potential between enamel and dentine are also shown through graphical representation. The output result in terms of milli-Volt (mV) were obtained at the output end and collected at the photodiode. Interesting results were also observed at the photodetector. For example; the output potential of the reflected signal is around 0.18 mV for both enamel and dentine teeth whereas the potential is more than 0.26 mV and 0.31 mV for caries in dentine and enamel, respectively. Finally, it was inferred that the nature of teeth pertaining to the caries in the enamel and dentine teeth can be investigated by identifying the amount of potential at the output end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vigneswaran Dhasarathan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Centre for IoT and AI (CITI), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Moustafa H. Aly
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Mahmud Uz Zaman
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehana Basri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manay Srinivas Munisekhar
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil Kumar Nagarajappa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
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Reibring CG, El Shahawy M, Hallberg K, Harfe BD, Linde A, Gritli-Linde A. Loss of BMP2 and BMP4 Signaling in the Dental Epithelium Causes Defective Enamel Maturation and Aberrant Development of Ameloblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6095. [PMID: 35682776 PMCID: PMC9180982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling is crucial for differentiation of secretory ameloblasts, the cells that secrete enamel matrix. However, whether BMP signaling is required for differentiation of maturation-stage ameloblasts (MA), which are instrumental for enamel maturation into hard tissue, is hitherto unknown. To address this, we used an in vivo genetic approach which revealed that combined deactivation of the Bmp2 and Bmp4 genes in the murine dental epithelium causes development of dysmorphic and dysfunctional MA. These fail to exhibit a ruffled apical plasma membrane and to reabsorb enamel matrix proteins, leading to enamel defects mimicking hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. Furthermore, subsets of mutant MA underwent pathological single or collective cell migration away from the ameloblast layer, forming cysts and/or exuberant tumor-like and gland-like structures. Massive apoptosis in the adjacent stratum intermedium and the abnormal cell-cell contacts and cell-matrix adhesion of MA may contribute to this aberrant behavior. The mutant MA also exhibited severely diminished tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, revealing that this enzyme's activity in MA crucially depends on BMP2 and BMP4 inputs. Our findings show that combined BMP2 and BMP4 signaling is crucial for survival of the stratum intermedium and for proper development and function of MA to ensure normal enamel maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes-Göran Reibring
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (M.E.S.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Maha El Shahawy
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (M.E.S.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Kristina Hallberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (M.E.S.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Brian D. Harfe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Anders Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (M.E.S.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Amel Gritli-Linde
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden; (C.-G.R.); (M.E.S.); (K.H.); (A.L.)
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Pandya M, Lyu H, Luan X, Diekwisch TG. Polarized, Amelogenin Expressing Ameloblast-Like Cells from Cervical Loop/Dental Pulp Cocultures in Bioreactors. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:797-805. [PMID: 34060920 PMCID: PMC8390775 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of long and polarized ameloblast-like cells has long been heralded as a major prerequisite for enamel tissue engineering. In this study, we have designed three-dimensional bioreactor/scaffold microenvironments to propagate and assess the ability of cervical loop derivatives to become long and polarized ameloblast-like cells. Our studies demonstrated that cervical loop/periodontal progenitor coculture in a growth-factor-enriched medium resulted in the formation of ameloblast-like cells expressing high levels of amelogenin and ameloblastin. Coculture of cervical loop cells with dental pulp cells on tailored collagen scaffolds enriched with leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) and early enamel matrix resulted in singular, elongated, and polarized ameloblast-like cells that expressed and secreted ameloblastin and amelogenin enamel proteins. Bioreactor microenvironments enriched with enamel matrix and LRAP also proved advantageous for the propagation of HAT-7 cells, resulting in a ∼20-fold higher expression of amelogenin and ameloblastin enamel proteins compared with controls growing on plain scaffolds. Together, studies presented here highlight the benefits of microgravity culture systems combined with ameloblast-specific microenvironments and tailored scaffolds for the growth of ameloblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Pandya
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Huling Lyu
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G.H. Diekwisch
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Bastos VC, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. Revisiting the human dental follicle: From tooth development to its association with unerupted or impacted teeth and pathological changes. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:408-423. [PMID: 34324745 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicles are involved in odontogenesis, periodontogenesis, and tooth eruption. Dental follicles are unique structures, considering that their remnants can persist within the jawbones after odontogenesis throughout life if the tooth does not erupt. Pathological changes may occur in these tissues as individuals age. The changes range from benign to life threatening. Thus, the assessment of age-related changes in dental follicles associated with unerupted teeth is of paramount importance. In this review, we summarize the physiological roles and changes in dental follicles in odontogenesis, tooth eruption, and aging, in addition to the pathological changes associated with these structures. We encourage investigators to consider this peculiar tissue as a unique model and explore its potential to clarify its importance from the viewpoints of developmental biology, tissue physiology, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Coutinho Bastos
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Olaru M, Sachelarie L, Calin G. Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration-Approaches and Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102558. [PMID: 34069265 PMCID: PMC8156070 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Olaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
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11
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Fresia R, Marangoni P, Burstyn-Cohen T, Sharir A. From Bite to Byte: Dental Structures Resolved at a Single-Cell Resolution. J Dent Res 2021; 100:897-905. [PMID: 33764175 PMCID: PMC8293759 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211001848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The systematic classification of the cells that compose a tissue or an organ is key to understanding how these cells cooperate and interact as a functional unit. Our capacity to detect features that define cell identity has evolved from morphological and chemical analyses, through the use of predefined genetic markers, to unbiased transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling. The innovative technology of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables transcriptional profiling of thousands of individual cells. Since its development, scRNA-seq has been extensively applied to numerous organs and tissues in a wide range of animal models and human samples, thereby providing a plethora of fundamental biological insights into their development, homeostasis, and pathology. In this review, we present the findings of 3 recent studies that employed scRNA-seq to unravel the complexity of cellular composition in mammalian teeth. These findings offer an unprecedented catalogue of cell types in the mouse incisor, which is a convenient model system for studying continuous tooth growth. These studies identified novel cell types in the tooth epithelium and mesenchyme, as well as new markers for known cell types. Computational analyses of the data also uncovered the lineage and dynamics of cell states during ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation during both normal homeostasis and injury repair. The transcriptional differences between the mouse incisor and mouse and human molars uncover species-specific as well as shared features in tooth cell composition. Here, we highlight these findings and discuss important similarities and differences between these studies. We also discuss potential future applications of scRNA-seq in dental research and dentistry. Together, these studies demonstrate how the rapidly evolving technology of scRNA-seq can advance the study of tooth development and function and provide putative targets for regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fresia
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - P Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Burstyn-Cohen
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Sharir
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Song D, Yang S, Tan T, Wang R, Ma Z, Wang Y, Wang L. ODAM promotes junctional epithelium-related gene expression via activation of WNT1 signaling pathway in an ameloblast-like cell line ALC. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:482-491. [PMID: 33452817 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the potential and mechanism of odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) in the promoting junctional epithelium-related gene expression in an ameloblast-like cell line ALC. BACKGROUND ODAM is expressed in ameloblasts and JE and acts as a component of the inner basal lamina (IBL) and intercellular matrix of JE. ODAM KO mice showed destruction of the integrity of the JE, which detaches from teeth. ODAM was confirmed to regulate the cytoskeleton through the ODAM-ARHGEF5-RhoA signaling pathway of the JE. Whether ODAM contributes to the regulation of ameloblast differentiation in JE remains unclear. After the formation of enamel, the ameloblast undergoes a series of morphological changes. Whether ODAM will affect the biological behavior of ameloblasts making them have the characteristics of JE is unclear. METHODS A murine ameloblast-like cell line, ALC, was used to investigate the effects of ODAM on the JE-like changes of ALC cells in an epithelium-induced environment by generating ODAM overexpression and ODAM knockdown cells through a lentivirus transduction approach. The biomarkers of junctional epithelium CK19, SLPI, and ODAM and the potential regulatory gene WNT1 were investigated by real-time PCR, western blot, immunocytochemistry, immunostaining, luciferase reporter, and rescue assays. RESULTS ODAM, CK19, and SLPI were significantly upregulated after epithelial induction. Overexpression of ODAM in ALC cells markedly increased CK19 and SLPI expression, while knockdown of ODAM in ALC cells clearly decreased CK19 and SLPI expression. A reporter luciferase assay showed that ODAM activated the WNT signaling pathway, especially through WNT1. Exogenous overexpression of ODAM upregulated WNT1 expression, while knockdown of ODAM reversed this effect. The WNT1 inhibition assay further confirmed the above results and showed that the WNT1 pathway was positively correlated with biomarkers of junctional epithelium CK19 and SLPI expression. Rescue studies showed that knocking down WNT1 in the ODAM-overexpressing ALC cells decreased the expression of CK19 and SLPI. Immunocytochemistry showed that ODAM colocalized with CK19, SLPI, and WNT1 in the cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the research work showed that ODAM promotes junctional epithelium-related gene expression in ALC via the ODAM-WNT1 axis, which may provide new insight into the function of ODAM and JE formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyun Ma
- Department of Dental VIP Service, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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13
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Epithelial loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to disturbed enamel and impaired dentin matrix formation in postnatal developed mouse incisor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22037. [PMID: 33328493 PMCID: PMC7744519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dentin and enamel matrix depends on reciprocal interactions between epithelial-mesenchymal cells. To assess the role of mitochondrial function in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis, we studied postnatal incisor development in K320E-TwinkleEpi mice. In these mice, a loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), followed by a severe defect in the oxidative phosphorylation system is induced specifically in Keratin 14 (K14+) expressing epithelial cells. Histochemical staining showed severe reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity only in K14+ epithelial cells. In mutant incisors, H&E staining showed severe defects in the ameloblasts, in the epithelial cells of the stratum intermedium and the papillary cell layer, but also a disturbed odontoblast layer. The lack of amelogenin in the enamel matrix of K320E-TwinkleEpi mice indicated that defective ameloblasts are not able to form extracellular enamel matrix proteins. In comparison to control incisors, von Kossa staining showed enamel biomineralization defects and dentin matrix impairment. In mutant incisor, TUNEL staining and ultrastructural analyses revealed differentiation defects, while in hair follicle cells apoptosis is prevalent. We concluded that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in epithelial cells of the developed incisor is required for Ca2+ homeostasis to regulate the formation of enamel matrix and induce the differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells into odontoblasts.
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14
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Wang X, Chiba Y, Jia L, Yoshizaki K, Saito K, Yamada A, Qin M, Fukumoto S. Expression Patterns of Claudin Family Members During Tooth Development and the Role of Claudin-10 ( Cldn10) in Cytodifferentiation of Stratum Intermedium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595593. [PMID: 33195274 PMCID: PMC7642450 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence showing that tight junctions play an important role in developing enamel. Claudins are one of the main components of tight junctions and may have pivotal functions in modulating various cellular events, such as regulating cell differentiation and proliferation. Mutations in CLDN10 of humans are associated with HELIX syndrome and cause enamel defects. However, current knowledge regarding the expression patterns of claudins and the function of Cldn10 during tooth development remains fragmented. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression patterns of claudin family members during tooth development and to investigate the role of Cldn10 in amelogenesis. Using cap analysis gene expression of developing mouse tooth germs compared with that of the whole body, we found that Cldn1 and Cldn10 were highly expressed in the tooth. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-sequence analysis using 7-day postnatal Krt14-RFP mouse incisors revealed Cldn1 and Cldn10 exhibited distinct expression patterns. Cldn10 has two isoforms, Cldn10a and Cldn10b, but only Cldn10b was expressed in the tooth. Immunostaining of developing tooth germs revealed claudin-10 was highly expressed in the inner enamel epithelium and stratum intermedium. We also found that overexpression of Cldn10 in the dental epithelial cell line, SF2, induced alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) expression, a marker of maturated stratum intermedium. Our findings suggest that Cldn10 may be a novel stratum intermedium marker and might play a role in cytodifferentiation of stratum intermedium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lingling Jia
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Biomimetic Aspects of Oral and Dentofacial Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5040051. [PMID: 33053903 PMCID: PMC7709662 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials for hard and soft tissues have advanced in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in dentistry. To examine these recent advances, we searched Medline (OVID) with the key terms “biomimetics”, “biomaterials”, and “biomimicry” combined with MeSH terms for “dentistry” and limited the date of publication between 2010–2020. Over 500 articles were obtained under clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, metanalysis, and systematic reviews developed in the past 10 years in three major areas of dentistry: restorative, orofacial surgery, and periodontics. Clinical studies and systematic reviews along with hand-searched preclinical studies as potential therapies have been included. They support the proof-of-concept that novel treatments are in the pipeline towards ground-breaking clinical therapies for orofacial bone regeneration, tooth regeneration, repair of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissue engineering, and dental implants. Biomimicry enhances the clinical outcomes and calls for an interdisciplinary approach integrating medicine, bioengineering, biotechnology, and computational sciences to advance the current research to clinics. We conclude that dentistry has come a long way apropos of regenerative medicine; still, there are vast avenues to endeavour, seeking inspiration from other facets in biomedical research.
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16
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Chiba Y, Saito K, Martin D, Boger ET, Rhodes C, Yoshizaki K, Nakamura T, Yamada A, Morell RJ, Yamada Y, Fukumoto S. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing From Mouse Incisor Reveals Dental Epithelial Cell-Type Specific Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:841. [PMID: 32984333 PMCID: PMC7490294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental epithelial stem cells give rise to four types of dental epithelial cells: inner enamel epithelium (IEE), outer enamel epithelium (OEE), stratum intermedium (SI), and stellate reticulum (SR). IEE cells further differentiate into enamel-forming ameloblasts, which play distinct roles, and are essential for enamel formation. These are conventionally classified by their shape, although their transcriptome and biological roles are yet to be fully understood. Here, we aimed to use single-cell RNA sequencing to clarify the heterogeneity of dental epithelial cell types. Unbiased clustering of 6,260 single cells from incisors of postnatal day 7 mice classified them into two clusters of ameloblast, IEE/OEE, SI/SR, and two mesenchymal populations. Secretory-stage ameloblasts expressed Amel and Enam were divided into Dspp + and Ambn + ameloblasts. Pseudo-time analysis indicated Dspp + ameloblasts differentiate into Ambn + ameloblasts. Further, Dspp and Ambn could be stage-specific markers of ameloblasts. Gene ontology analysis of each cluster indicated potent roles of cell types: OEE in the regulation of tooth size and SR in the transport of nutrients. Subsequently, we identified novel dental epithelial cell marker genes, namely Pttg1, Atf3, Cldn10, and Krt15. The results not only provided a resource of transcriptome data in dental cells but also contributed to the molecular analyses of enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Rhodes
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Jisha GB, Ilayaraja V, Yoithapprabhunath TR, Ganapathy N, Dineshshankar J, Nirmal RM. Immunohistochemical detection of Tyrosine Kinase receptor (TrK) in follicular and plexiform ameloblastoma - A novel study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:125-130. [PMID: 32508460 PMCID: PMC7269298 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_220_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective is to analyze the immunohistochemical expression pattern of tyrosine kinase receptor (TrK) in ameloblastoma and to compare the immunohistochemical expression pattern of TrK among the histological types of ameloblastoma, follicular and plexiform patterns. Materials and Methods: Forty ameloblastomas (20 follicular and 20 plexiform) were immunostained with anti-human TrK mouse IgG monoclonal antibody, and the pattern of staining is statistically analyzed. Results: Total 20 (4 follicular and 16 plexiform) out of 40 ameloblastomas showed immunoreactivity to TrK. Only the peripheral preameloblast like tall columnar cells showed reactivity, whereas the stellate reticulum like cells is immunonegative. The staining pattern was membranous in the immunoreactive cells. The Chi-square value for the immunoexpression between follicular and plexiform ameloblastoma was statistically significant with a P < 0.005. The results were studied with the downstream pathways from the literature, and a possible mechanism has been proposed. Conclusion: The expression pattern of TrK is found to be more in plexiform ameloblastoma than follicular ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Babu Jisha
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, SM Dental Clinic, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadivel Ilayaraja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nalliappan Ganapathy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janardhanam Dineshshankar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramadas Madhavan Nirmal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Ali S, Farooq I. A Review of the Role of Amelogenin Protein in Enamel Formation and Novel Experimental Techniques to Study its Function. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:880-886. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190731120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Amelognein protein plays a vital role in the formation and mineralization of enamel matrix. Amelogenin structure is complex in nature and researchers have studied it with different experimental techniques. Considering its important role, there is a need to understand this important protein, which has been discussed in detail in this review. In addition, various experimental techniques to study amelogenin protein used previously have been tackled along with their advantages and disadvantages. A selection of 67 relevant articles/book chapters was included in this study. The review concluded that amelogenins act as nanospheres or spacers for the growth of enamel crystals. Various experimental techniques can be used to study amelogenins, however, their advantages and drawbacks should be kept in mind before performing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Sharir A, Marangoni P, Zilionis R, Wan M, Wald T, Hu JK, Kawaguchi K, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Epstein L, Harrington K, Pagella P, Mitsiadis T, Siebel CW, Klein AM, Klein OD. A large pool of actively cycling progenitors orchestrates self-renewal and injury repair of an ectodermal appendage. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1102-1112. [PMID: 31481792 PMCID: PMC6935352 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classical model of tissue renewal posits that small numbers of quiescent stem cells (SCs) give rise to proliferating transit-amplifying cells before terminal differentiation. However, many organs house pools of SCs with proliferative and differentiation potentials that diverge from this template. Resolving SC identity and organization is therefore central to understanding tissue renewal. Here, using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mouse genetics and tissue injury approaches, we uncover cellular hierarchies and mechanisms that underlie the maintenance and repair of the continuously growing mouse incisor. Our results reveal that, during homeostasis, a group of actively cycling epithelial progenitors generates enamel-producing ameloblasts and adjacent layers of non-ameloblast cells. After injury, tissue repair was achieved through transient increases in progenitor-cell proliferation and through direct conversion of Notch1-expressing cells to ameloblasts. We elucidate epithelial SC identity, position and function, providing a mechanistic basis for the homeostasis and repair of a fast-turnover ectodermal appendage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Sharir
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mian Wan
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tomas Wald
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy K Hu
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leo Epstein
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Kyle Harrington
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Virtual Technology and Design, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thimios Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Rostampour N, Appelt CM, Abid A, Boughner JC. Expression of new genes in vertebrate tooth development and p63 signaling. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:744-755. [PMID: 30875130 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p63 is an evolutionarily ancient transcription factor essential to vertebrate tooth development. Our recent gene expression screen comparing wild-type and "toothless" p63-/- mouse embryos implicated in tooth development several new genes that we hypothesized act downstream of p63 in dental epithelium, where p63 is also expressed. RESULTS Via in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we probed mouse embryos (embryonic days 10.5-14.5) and spotted gar fish embryos (14 days postfertilization) for these newly linked genes, Cbln1, Cldn23, Fermt1, Krt15, Pltp and Prss8, which were expressed in mouse and gar dental epithelium. Loss of p63 altered expression levels but not domains. Expression was comparable between murine upper and lower tooth organs, implying conserved gene functions in maxillary and mandibular dentitions. Our meta-analysis of gene expression databases supported that these genes act within a p63-driven gene regulatory network important to tooth development in mammals and more evolutionary ancient vertebrates (fish, amphibians). CONCLUSIONS Cbln1, Cldn23, Fermt1, Krt15, Pltp, and Prss8 were expressed in mouse and fish dental epithelium at placode, bud, and/or cap stages. We theorize that these genes participate in cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity, and extracellular matrix signaling to support dental epithelium integrity, folding, and epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rostampour
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Cassy M Appelt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Aunum Abid
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Julia C Boughner
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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21
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Pandya M, Diekwisch TGH. Enamel biomimetics-fiction or future of dentistry. Int J Oral Sci 2019. [PMID: 30610185 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0038-6,1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Pandya
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues. Five pathways for tooth enamel engineering hold great promise for developing new technologies, leading to novel biomaterials and biotechnologies to regenerate enamel tissue. Tooth enamel is a unique tissue-specific biomaterial with exceptional structural and mechanical properties. In recent years, many approaches have been adopted to generate or regenerate this complex tissue; Mirali Pandya and Thomas Diekwisch of Texas A&M College of Dentistry, USA conducted a review of the current state and future directions of enamel tissue engineering. In their review, the authors focused on five pathways for enamel tissue engineering: (1) physical synthesis of enamel; (2) biochemical enamel engineering; (3) in situ enamel engineering; (4) cell-based enamel engineering; and (5) whole tooth regeneration. The authors conclude that those five approaches will help identify the biological mechanisms that lead to the generation of tooth enamel.
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23
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Zheng J, Nie X, He L, Yoon A, Wu L, Zhang X, Vats M, Schiff M, Xiang L, Tian Z, Ling J, Mao J. Epithelial Cdc42 Deletion Induced Enamel Organ Defects and Cystogenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1346-1354. [PMID: 29874522 PMCID: PMC6199676 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518779546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and other cellular processes in development and homeostasis. However, Cdc42's roles in prenatal tooth development remain elusive. Here, we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel organ. Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing enamel organ, with robust expression in the outer enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium layers. Strikingly, epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in cystic lesions in the enamel organ. Cystic lesions were first noted at embryonic day 15.5 and progressively enlarged during gestation. At birth, cystic lesions occupied the bulk of the entire enamel organ, with intracystic erythrocyte accumulation. Ameloblast differentiation was retarded upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion. Apoptosis occurred in the Cdc42 mutant enamel organ prior to and synchronously with cystogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed disrupted actin assemblies, aberrant desmosomes, and significantly fewer cell junctions in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants than littermate controls. Autophagosomes were present in the SR cells of Cdc42 mutants relative to the virtual absence of autophagosome in the SR cells of littermate controls. Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated Wnt/β-catenin and Shh signaling in dental epithelium and induced aberrant Sox2 expression in the secondary enamel knot. These findings suggest that excessive cell death and disrupted cell-cell connections may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed cystic lesions in Cdc42 mutant enamel organs. Taken together, Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel organ development and is particularly required for cell survival and tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Nie
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. He
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A.J. Yoon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Division, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Vats
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M.D. Schiff
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L. Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z. Tian
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Ling
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J.J. Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Bartzela TN, Carels C, Maltha JC. Update on 13 Syndromes Affecting Craniofacial and Dental Structures. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1038. [PMID: 29311971 PMCID: PMC5735950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Care of individuals with syndromes affecting craniofacial and dental structures are mostly treated by an interdisciplinary team from early childhood on. In addition to medical and dental specialists that have a vivid interest in these syndromes and for whom these syndromes are of evident interest, experts of scientific background-like molecular and developmental geneticists, but also computational biologists and bioinformaticians-, become more frequently involved in the refined diagnostic and etiological processes of these patients. Early diagnosis is often crucial for the effective treatment of functional and developmental aspects. However, not all syndromes can be clinically identified early, especially in cases of absence of known family history. Moreover, the treatment of these patients is often complicated because of insufficient medical knowledge, and because of the dental and craniofacial developmental variations. The role of the team is crucial for the prevention, proper function, and craniofacial development which is often combined with orthognathic surgery. Although the existing literature does not provide considerable insight into this topic, this descriptive review aims to provide tools for the interdisciplinary team by giving an update on the genetics and general features, and the oral and craniofacial manifestations for early diagnosis. Clinical phenotyping together with genetic data and pathway information will ultimately pave the way for preventive strategies and therapeutic options in the future. This will improve the prognosis for better functional and aesthetic outcome for these patients and lead to a better quality of life, not only for the patients themselves but also for their families. The aim of this review is to promote interdisciplinary interaction and mutual understanding among all specialists involved in the diagnosis and therapeutic guidance of patients with these syndromal conditions in order to provide optimal personalized care in an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia N Bartzela
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carine Carels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaap C Maltha
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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25
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Abstract
The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines (ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field.
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26
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Pandya M, Liu H, Dangaria SJ, Zhu W, Li LL, Pan S, Abufarwa M, Davis RG, Guggenheim S, Keiderling T, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Integrative Temporo-Spatial, Mineralogic, Spectroscopic, and Proteomic Analysis of Postnatal Enamel Development in Teeth with Limited Growth. Front Physiol 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 29114228 PMCID: PMC5660681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth amelogenesis is a complex process beginning with enamel organ cell differentiation and enamel matrix secretion, transitioning through changes in ameloblast polarity, cytoskeletal, and matrix organization, that affects crucial biomineralization events such as mineral nucleation, enamel crystal growth, and enamel prism organization. Here we have harvested the enamel organ including the pliable enamel matrix of postnatal first mandibular mouse molars during the first 8 days of tooth enamel development to conduct a step-wise cross-sectional analysis of the changes in the mineral and protein phase. Mineral phase diffraction pattern analysis using single-crystal, powder sample X-ray diffraction analysis indicated conversion of calcium phosphate precursors to partially fluoride substituted hydroxyapatite from postnatal day 4 (4 dpn) onwards. Attenuated total reflectance spectra (ATR) revealed a substantial elevation in phosphate and carbonate incorporation as well as structural reconfiguration between postnatal days 6 and 8. Nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) demonstrated highest protein counts for ECM/cell surface proteins, stress/heat shock proteins, and alkaline phosphatase on postnatal day 2, high counts for ameloblast cytoskeletal proteins such as tubulin β5, tropomyosin, β-actin, and vimentin on postnatal day 4, and elevated levels of cofilin-1, calmodulin, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase on day 6. Western blot analysis of hydrophobic enamel proteins illustrated continuously increasing amelogenin levels from 1 dpn until 8 dpn, while enamelin peaked on days 1 and 2 dpn, and ameloblastin on days 1-5 dpn. In summary, these data document the substantial changes in the enamel matrix protein and mineral phase that take place during postnatal mouse molar amelogenesis from a systems biological perspective, including (i) relatively high levels of matrix protein expression during the early secretory stage on postnatal day 2, (ii) conversion of calcium phosphates to apatite, peak protein folding and stress protein counts, and increased cytoskeletal protein levels such as actin and tubulin on day 4, as well as (iii) secondary structure changes, isomerase activity, highest amelogenin levels, and peak phosphate/carbonate incorporation between postnatal days 6 and 8. Together, this study provides a baseline for a comprehensive understanding of the mineralogic and proteomic events that contribute to the complexity of mammalian tooth enamel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirali Pandya
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Smit J Dangaria
- Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Weiying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leo L Li
- Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shuang Pan
- Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Moufida Abufarwa
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Roderick G Davis
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Stephen Guggenheim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Xianghong Luan
- Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Dallas, TX, United States
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27
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Lacruz RS, Habelitz S, Wright JT, Paine ML. DENTAL ENAMEL FORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:939-993. [PMID: 28468833 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or tools as well as for food processing. Enamel development and mineralization is an intricate process tightly regulated by cells of the enamel organ called ameloblasts. These heavily polarized cells form a monolayer around the developing enamel tissue and move as a single forming front in specified directions as they lay down a proteinaceous matrix that serves as a template for crystal growth. Ameloblasts maintain intercellular connections creating a semi-permeable barrier that at one end (basal/proximal) receives nutrients and ions from blood vessels, and at the opposite end (secretory/apical/distal) forms extracellular crystals within specified pH conditions. In this unique environment, ameloblasts orchestrate crystal growth via multiple cellular activities including modulating the transport of minerals and ions, pH regulation, proteolysis, and endocytosis. In many vertebrates, the bulk of the enamel tissue volume is first formed and subsequently mineralized by these same cells as they retransform their morphology and function. Cell death by apoptosis and regression are the fates of many ameloblasts following enamel maturation, and what cells remain of the enamel organ are shed during tooth eruption, or are incorporated into the tooth's epithelial attachment to the oral gingiva. In this review, we examine key aspects of dental enamel formation, from its developmental genesis to the ever-increasing wealth of data on the mechanisms mediating ionic transport, as well as the clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal ameloblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Timothy Wright
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael L Paine
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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28
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Zhang B, Sun BY, Ji YW, Zhang YP, Wang XX, Xu X, Wen Y. Expression and localization of Yap and Taz during development of the mandibular first molar in rats. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:212-221. [PMID: 28402144 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1267799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz) are two downstream factors in the Hippo signaling pathway. Yap and Taz participate in regulating organ size, stem cell self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the spatial-temporal expression and relative expression levels of Yap and Taz using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found Yap and Taz in the oral epithelium and mesenchyme at embryonic (E) day 14.5 (E14.5) and E16.5. By E18.5, Yap and Taz were detected in the dental papilla and the entire enamel organ. At postnatal (P) day 0 (PN0), PN3 and PN7, Yap and Taz expression was localized in ameloblasts, odontoblasts and stratum intermedium. Yap and Taz were expressed in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) at PN7. At PN3, PN7 and PN14, Yap was detected in the enamel matrix. From PN21 to PN28, Yap and Taz were absent from differentiated ameloblasts, but they were expressed in odontoblasts. From PN0 to PN10, the Yap and Taz mRNA expression increased, then decreased. We found that Yap and Taz may influence the differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts; they also may contribute to enamel mineralization, crown morphogenesis and root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - B Y Sun
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Y W Ji
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Y P Zhang
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - X X Wang
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - X Xu
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Y Wen
- a School of Stomatology, Shandong University, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue, Jinan , Shandong , P. R. China
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