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Luo W, Zhang H, Wan R, Cai Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Luo Z, Shang X. Biomaterials-Based Technologies in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304196. [PMID: 38712598 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
For many clinically prevalent severe injuries, the inherent regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle remains inadequate. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) seeks to meet this clinical demand. With continuous progress in biomedicine and related technologies including micro/nanotechnology and 3D printing, numerous studies have uncovered various intrinsic mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and developed tailored biomaterial systems based on these understandings. Here, the skeletal muscle structure and regeneration process are discussed and the diverse biomaterial systems derived from various technologies are explored in detail. Biomaterials serve not merely as local niches for cell growth, but also as scaffolds endowed with structural or physicochemical properties that provide tissue regenerative cues such as topographical, electrical, and mechanical signals. They can also act as delivery systems for stem cells and bioactive molecules that have been shown as key participants in endogenous repair cascades. To achieve bench-to-bedside translation, the typical effect enabled by biomaterial systems and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized. Insights into the roles of biomaterials in SMTE from cellular and molecular perspectives are provided. Finally, perspectives on the advancement of SMTE are provided, for which gene therapy, exosomes, and hybrid biomaterials may hold promise to make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Hanli Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Renwen Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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2
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Lowe AL, Rivera Santana MV, Bopp T, Quinn KN, Johnson J, Ward C, Chung TH, Tuffaha S, Thakor NV. Volume loss during muscle reinnervation surgery is correlated with reduced CMAP amplitude but not reduced force output in a rat hindlimb model. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328520. [PMID: 38426207 PMCID: PMC10902164 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle reinnervation (MR) surgery offers rehabilitative benefits to amputees by taking severely damaged nerves and providing them with new denervated muscle targets (DMTs). However, the influence of physical changes to muscle tissue during MR surgery on long-term functional outcomes remains understudied. Methods: Our rat hindlimb model of MR surgery utilizes vascularized, directly neurotized DMTs made from the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), which we employed to assess the impact of muscle tissue size on reinnervation outcomes, specifically pairing the DMT with the transected peroneal nerve. We conducted MR surgery with both DMTs at full volume and DMTs with partial volume loss of 500 mg at the time of surgery (n = 6 per group) and measured functional outcomes after 100 days of reinnervation. Compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) and isometric tetanic force production was recorded from reinnervated DMTs and compared to contralateral naïve LG muscles as positive controls. Results: Reinnervated DMTs consistently exhibited lower mass than positive controls, while DMTs with partial volume loss showed no significant mass reduction compared to full volume DMTs (p = 0.872). CMAP amplitudes were lower on average in reinnervated DMTs, but a broad linear correlation also exists between muscle mass and maximum CMAP amplitude irrespective of surgical group (R2 = 0.495). Surprisingly, neither MR group, with or without volume loss, demonstrated decreased force compared to positive controls. The average force output of reinnervated DMTs, as a fraction of the contralateral LG's force output, approached 100% for both MR groups, a notable deviation from the 9.6% (±6.3%) force output observed in our negative control group at 7 days post-surgery. Tissue histology analysis revealed few significant differences except for a marked decrease in average muscle fiber area of reinnervated DMTs with volume loss compared to positive controls (p = 0.001). Discussion: The results from our rat model of MR suggests that tissue electrophysiology (CMAPs) and kinesiology (force production) may recover on different time scales, with volumetric muscle loss at the time of MR surgery not significantly reducing functional outcome measurements for the DMTs after 100 days of reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L. Lowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Taylor Bopp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kiara N. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Johnnie Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Ward
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tae Hwan Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sami Tuffaha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nitish V. Thakor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Martinello T, Akyürek EE, Ventriglia G, Patruno M, Sacchetto R. The dorsal portion of the bovine diaphragm as a useful tissue for producing a 3D muscle scaffold. J Anat 2023; 243:878-885. [PMID: 37322832 PMCID: PMC10557388 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids are an innovative approach to obtain an in vitro model for ex vivo studies to overcome the limitations of monolayer cell culture and reduce the use of animal models. An organoid of skeletal muscle requires the presence of the extracellular matrix to represent a functional muscle in vitro, which is why decellularized tissue is an optimal choice. Various muscles have been considered to produce a muscle organoid, most from rodents or small animals, and only recently some studies have been reported on the muscles of large animals. This work presents a muscular organoid produced from the bovine diaphragm, which has a peculiar multilayered structure with different fibre orientations depending on the considered area. This paper analyses the anatomical structure of the bovine diaphragm, selects the most appropriate portion, and presents a decellularization protocol for a multilayered muscle. In addition, a preliminary test of recellularization with primary bovine myocytes was presented with the future aim of obtaining a 3D muscle allogenic organoid, completely bovine-derived. The results demonstrate that the dorsal portion of bovine diaphragm presents a regular alternation of muscular and fibrous layers and that the complete decellularization does not affect the biocompatibility. These results provide a strong foundation for the potential application of this portion of tissue as a scaffold for in vitro studies of muscle organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eylem Emek Akyürek
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mazzucchelli L, Sarcon AK, Huang TCT, Li J, Berry CE, Houdek MT, Behfar A, Zhao C, Moran SL. A Ready-to-Use Purified Exosome Product for Volumetric Muscle Loss and Functional Recovery. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:481-490. [PMID: 37537959 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Large skeletal muscle defects owing to trauma or following tumor extirpation can result in substantial functional impairment. Purified exosomes are now available clinically and have been used for wound healing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative capacity of commercially available exosomes on an animal model of volumetric muscle loss (VML) and its potential translation to human muscle injury. An established VML rat model was used. In the in vitro experiment, rat myoblasts were isolated and cocultured with 5% purified exosome product (PEP) to validate uptake. Myoblast proliferation and migration was evaluated with increasing concentrations of PEP (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) in comparison with control media (F10) and myoblast growth medium (MGM). In the in vivo experiment, a lateral gastrocnemius-VML defect was made in the rat hindlimb. Animals were randomized into four experimental groups; defects were treated with surgery alone, fibrin sealant, fibrin sealant and PEP, or platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The groups were further randomized into four recovery time points (14, 28, 45, or 90 days). The isometric tetanic force (ITF), which was measured as a percentage of force compared with normal limb, was used for functional evaluation. Florescence microscopy confirmed that 5% PEP demonstrated cellular uptake ∼8-12 h. Compared with the control, myoblasts showed faster proliferation with PEP irrespective of concentration. PEP concentrations of 2.5% and 5% promoted myoblast migration faster compared with the control (<0.05). At 90 days postop, both the PEP and fibrin sealant and PRP groups showed greater ITF compared with control and fibrin sealant alone (<0.05). At 45 days postop, PEP with fibrin sealant had greater cellularity compared with control (<0.05). At 90 days postop, both PEP with fibrin sealant and the PRP-treated groups had greater cellularity compared with fibrin sealant and control (<0.05). PEP promoted myoblast proliferation and migration. When delivered to a wound with a fibrin sealant, PEP allowed for muscle regeneration producing greater functional recovery and more cellularity in vivo compared with untreated animals. PEP may promote muscle regeneration in cases of VML; further research is warranted to evaluate PEP for the treatment of clinical muscle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mazzucchelli
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aida K Sarcon
- Department of Surgery and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tony C T Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jialun Li
- Plastic Surgery, Pikeli Medical Aesthetics, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Matthew T Houdek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven L Moran
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Stearns-Reider KM, Hicks MR, Hammond KG, Reynolds JC, Maity A, Kurmangaliyev YZ, Chin J, Stieg AZ, Geisse NA, Hohlbauch S, Kaemmer S, Schmitt LR, Pham TT, Yamauchi K, Novitch BG, Wollman R, Hansen KC, Pyle AD, Crosbie RH. Myoscaffolds reveal laminin scarring is detrimental for stem cell function while sarcospan induces compensatory fibrosis. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:16. [PMID: 36922514 PMCID: PMC10017766 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed an on-slide decellularization approach to generate acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) myoscaffolds that can be repopulated with various cell types to interrogate cell-ECM interactions. Using this platform, we investigated whether fibrotic ECM scarring affected human skeletal muscle progenitor cell (SMPC) functions that are essential for myoregeneration. SMPCs exhibited robust adhesion, motility, and differentiation on healthy muscle-derived myoscaffolds. All SPMC interactions with fibrotic myoscaffolds from dystrophic muscle were severely blunted including reduced motility rate and migration. Furthermore, SMPCs were unable to remodel laminin dense fibrotic scars within diseased myoscaffolds. Proteomics and structural analysis revealed that excessive collagen deposition alone is not pathological, and can be compensatory, as revealed by overexpression of sarcospan and its associated ECM receptors in dystrophic muscle. Our in vivo data also supported that ECM remodeling is important for SMPC engraftment and that fibrotic scars may represent one barrier to efficient cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Stearns-Reider
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael R Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Katherine G Hammond
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joseph C Reynolds
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alok Maity
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yerbol Z Kurmangaliyev
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jesse Chin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Adam Z Stieg
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Sophia Hohlbauch
- Asylum Research, An Oxford Instruments Company, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, USA
| | - Stefan Kaemmer
- Park Systems, 3040 Olcott St, Santa Clara, CA, 95054, USA
| | - Lauren R Schmitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thanh T Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ken Yamauchi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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6
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Kiratitanaporn W, Berry DB, Mudla A, Fried T, Lao A, Yu C, Hao N, Ward SR, Chen S. 3D printing a biocompatible elastomer for modeling muscle regeneration after volumetric muscle loss. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213171. [PMID: 36341746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries due to trauma, tumor ablation, or other degenerative muscle diseases are debilitating and currently have limited options for self-repair. Advancements in 3D printing allow for the rapid fabrication of biocompatible scaffolds with designer patterns. However, the materials chosen are often stiff or brittle, which is not optimal for muscle tissue engineering. This study utilized a photopolymerizable biocompatible elastomer - poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) - to develop an in vitro model of muscle regeneration and proliferation into an acellular scaffold after VML injury. Mechanical properties of the scaffold were tuned by controlling light intensity during the 3D printing process to match the specific tension of skeletal muscle. The effect of both geometric (channel sizes between 300 and 600 μm) and biologic (decellularized muscle extracellular matrix (dECM)) cues on muscle progenitor cell infiltration, proliferation, organization, and maturation was evaluated in vitro using a near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) transfected cell line to assess cells in the 3D scaffold. Larger channel sizes and dECM coating were found to enhance cell proliferation and maturation, while no discernable effect on cell alignment was observed. In addition, a pilot experiment was carried out to evaluate the regenerative capacity of this scaffold in vivo after a VML injury. Overall, this platform demonstrates a simple model to study muscle progenitor recruitment and differentiation into acellular scaffolds after VML repair.
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7
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Tan YH, Helms HR, Nakayama KH. Decellularization Strategies for Regenerating Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:831300. [PMID: 35295645 PMCID: PMC8918733 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.831300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with approximately 17.9 million deaths each year. Musculoskeletal conditions affect more than 1.71 billion people globally and are the leading cause of disability. These two areas represent a massive global health burden that is perpetuated by a lack of functionally restorative treatment options. The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer great promise for the development of therapies to repair damaged or diseased tissues. Decellularized tissues and extracellular matrices are cornerstones of regenerative biomaterials and have been used clinically for decades and many have received FDA approval. In this review, we first discuss and compare methods used to produce decellularized tissues and ECMs from cardiac and skeletal muscle. We take a focused look at how different biophysical properties such as spatial topography, extracellular matrix composition, and mechanical characteristics influence cell behavior and function in the context of regenerative medicine. Lastly, we describe emerging research and forecast the future high impact applications of decellularized cardiac and skeletal muscle that will drive novel and effective regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina H. Nakayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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8
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Philips C, Terrie L, Thorrez L. Decellularized skeletal muscle: A versatile biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Shojaie L, Rahimi Y, Zolbin MM, Daghigh F, Kajbafzadeh AM. Characterization Methods of Acellularized Tissue and Organs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1345:1-6. [PMID: 34582009 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82735-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian organs and tissues has been applied as a substitute scaffold to simplify the restoration and reconstruction of several tissues. Such scaffolds are prepared in various arrangements including sheets, powders, and hydrogels. One of the more applicable processes is using natural scaffolds, for this purpose discarded tissues or organs are naturally derived by processes that comprised decellularization of following tissues or organs. Protection of the complex structure and 3D (three dimensional) ultrastructure of the ECM is extremely necessary but it is predictable that all protocols of decellularization end in disruption of the architecture and potential loss of surface organization and configuration. Tissue decellularization with conservation of ECM bioactivity and integrity can be improved by providing well-designed protocols regarding the agents and decellularization techniques operated during processing. An overview of the characterization of decellularized scaffolds and the role of reagnets can validate the applied methods' efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Shojaie
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicine Division of GI/Liver Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yekta Rahimi
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Daghigh
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.,Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,, No. 62, Dr. Gharib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, (PANNEK, #6), 1419433151, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Schilling BK, Baker JS, Komatsu C, Marra KG. Intramuscular injection of skeletal muscle derived extracellular matrix mitigates denervation atrophy after sciatic nerve transection. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211032491. [PMID: 34567507 PMCID: PMC8458676 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury and the associated muscle atrophy has an estimated annual healthcare burden of $150 billion dollars in the United States. When considering the total annual health-related spending of $3.5 trillion, these pathologies alone occupy about 4.3%. The prevalence of these ailments is rooted, at least in part, in the lack of specific preventative therapies that can be administered to muscle while it remains in the denervated state. To address this, skeletal muscle-derived ECM (skECM) was injected directly in denervated muscle with postoperative analysis performed at 20 weeks, including gait analysis, force production, cytokine quantification, and histological analysis. skECM was shown to be superior against non-injected muscle controls showing no difference in contraction force to uninjured muscle at 20 weeks. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IFNγ appeared to mediate regeneration with statistical regression implicating these cytokines as strong predictors of muscle contraction, showing significant linear correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Schilling
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jocelyn S Baker
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Dzobo K, Dandara C. Broadening Drug Design and Targets to Tumor Microenvironment? Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Marker Expression in Cancers and Relevance for Survival Outcomes. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 24:340-351. [PMID: 32496971 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors have complex biology and structure comprising cancer cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix. While most therapeutics target the cancer cells, recent data suggest that cancer cell behavior and response to treatment are markedly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells, and play a significant contextual role in shaping tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. CAFs have therefore emerged as part of the next-generation cancer drug design and discovery innovation strategy. We report here new findings on differential expression and prognostic significance of CAF markers in several cancers. We utilized two publicly available resources: The Cancer Genomic Atlas and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. We examined the expression of CAF markers, ACTA2, S100A4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta [PDGFR-β], CD10, and fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-α), in tumor tissues versus the adjacent normal tissues. We found that CAF markers were differentially expressed in various different tumors such as colon, breast, and esophageal cancers and melanoma. No CAF marker is expressed in the same pattern in all cancers, however. Importantly, we report that patients with colon adenocarcinoma and esophageal carcinoma expressing high FAP-α and CD10, respectively, had significantly shorter overall survival, compared with those with low levels of these CAF markers (p < 0.05). We call for continued research on TME biology and clinical evaluation of the CAF markers ACTA2, S100A4, PDGFR-β, CD10, and FAP-α in relation to prognosis of solid cancers in large population samples. An effective cancer drug design and discovery roadmap in the 21st century ought to be broadly framed, and include molecular targets informed by both cancer cell and TME variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Carleton MM, Sefton MV. Promoting endogenous repair of skeletal muscle using regenerative biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2720-2739. [PMID: 34041836 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles normally have a remarkable ability to repair themselves; however, large muscle injuries and several myopathies diminish this ability leading to permanent loss of function. No clinical therapy yet exists that reliably restores muscle integrity and function following severe injury. Consequently, numerous tissue engineering techniques, both acellular and with cells, are being investigated to enhance muscle regeneration. Biomaterials are an essential part of these techniques as they can present physical and biochemical signals that augment the repair process. Successful tissue engineering strategies require regenerative biomaterials that either actively promote endogenous muscle repair or create an environment supportive of regeneration. This review will discuss several acellular biomaterial strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration with a focus on those under investigation in vivo. This includes materials that release bioactive molecules, biomimetic materials and immunomodulatory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Carleton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael V Sefton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Goldman SM, Janakiram NB, Valerio MS, Dearth CL. Evaluation of licofelone as an adjunct anti-inflammatory therapy to biologic scaffolds in the treatment of volumetric muscle loss. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:149-159. [PMID: 33852076 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds (BS) are the most widely studied therapeutics for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML) owing to their purported effects on cell proliferation, chemotaxis, migration, and differentiation. Despite these claims, variability in reports on the nature of the immune response to their implantation suggests that BS-associated inflammation may be limiting their regenerative efficacy. To address this shortcoming, this study sought to evaluate licofelone (ML3000), a dual 5-LOX/COX inhibitor, as an anti-inflammatory adjunct therapy to a BS in the treatment of VML. Utilizing a well-established rat VML model, a micronized BS was used to treat the VML injury, with or without administration of licofelone. Functional, molecular, and histological outcomes were assessed at both 7- and 28-day post-injury time points. While the BS + licofelone group exhibited decreased transcription of pro-inflammatory markers (Tnf, Ccl5, Nos2) relative to the BS only control group, no differences in expression profile of a panel of inflammatory-related soluble factors were observed between groups. A modest reduction in type I collagen was observed in the licofelone-treated group, but no meaningful differences in histologic presentation of repaired tissue were observed between groups. Furthermore, no differences in end organ functional capacity were observed between groups. Moving forward, efforts related to modulating the wound healing environment of VML should focus on polypharmaceutical strategies that target multiple aspects of the early pathophysiology of VML so as to provide an environment that is sufficiently permissive for local regenerative therapies to promote restoration of myofiber number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Goldman
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naveena Basa Janakiram
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Valerio
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Dienes J, Browne S, Farjun B, Amaral Passipieri J, Mintz EL, Killian G, Healy KE, Christ GJ. Semisynthetic Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Promotes Recovery of the Injured Tibialis Anterior Skeletal Muscle Form and Function. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1587-1599. [PMID: 33660968 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are characterized by a degree of tissue loss that exceeds the endogenous regenerative capacity of muscle, resulting in permanent structural and functional deficits. Such injuries are a consequence of trauma, as well as a host of congenital and acquired diseases and disorders. Despite significant preclinical research with diverse biomaterials, as well as early clinical studies with implantation of decellularized extracellular matrices, there are still significant barriers to more complete restoration of muscle form and function following repair of VML injuries. In fact, identification of novel biomaterials with more advantageous regenerative profiles is a critical limitation to the development of improved therapeutics. As a first step in this direction, we evaluated a novel semisynthetic hyaluronic acid-based (HyA) hydrogel that embodies material features more favorable for robust muscle regeneration. This HyA-based hydrogel is composed of an acrylate-modified HyA (AcHyA) macromer, an AcHyA macromer conjugated with the bsp-RGD(15) peptide sequence to enhance cell adhesion, a high-molecular-weight heparin to sequester growth factors, and a matrix metalloproteinase-cleavable cross-linker to allow for cell-dependent remodeling. In a well-established, clinically relevant rat tibialis anterior VML injury model, we report observations of robust functional recovery, accompanied by volume reconstitution, muscle regeneration, and native-like vascularization following implantation of the HyA-based hydrogel at the site of injury. These findings have important implications for the development and clinical application of the improved biomaterials that will be required for stable and complete functional recovery from diverse VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dienes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Shane Browne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Bruna Farjun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Juliana Amaral Passipieri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ellen L Mintz
- Pathology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Grant Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - George J Christ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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15
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Goldman SM, Feng JP, Corona BT. Volumetric muscle loss disrupts length-dependent architectural and functional characteristics of skeletal muscle. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:72-82. [PMID: 32660287 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1789608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Skeletal muscle architecture is a primary determinant of function. Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury is destructive; however, the impact on muscle architecture is uncharacterized. Methods: Architectural and functional effects of VML were assessed in rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle model 4 weeks post-injury. Results: VML caused a 31% and 33% reduction in muscle weight (p < 0.001) and fiber length (p = 0.002), respectively, culminating a 34% reduction of fiber to muscle length ratio (FL:ML; p < 0.001). Fiber pennation angle (+14%; p = 0.150) and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA; -12%; p = 0.220) were unchanged. VML injury reduced peak isometric force (Po) by 36% (p < 0.001), specific force (sPo = Po/PCSA) by 41% (vs. Po, p > 0.999), and force per gram muscle weight (Po/mw) by 18% (vs. Po, p < 0.001). VML injury increased the length at which Po was produced (Lo) by 8% (p = 0.009), and reduced functional excursion by 35% (p = 0.035). Conclusion: The architectural changes after VML injury preserved PCSA, and therefore preserved "potential" maximal force-producing capacity. At most, only half the Po deficit was due directly to the cumulative effect of horizontal and longitudinal tissue loss. Highlighting the impact of longitudinal muscle loss, VML injury reduced fiber length, and FL:ML and grossly disrupted length-dependent functional properties. These findings raise the importance of augmenting length-dependent muscle properties to optimize functional recovery after VML injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Goldman
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.,DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence , Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Feng
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Wang YH, Wang DR, Guo YC, Liu JY, Pan J. The application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration. Regen Ther 2020; 15:285-294. [PMID: 33426231 PMCID: PMC7770413 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries have bothered doctors and caused great burdens to the public medical insurance system for a long time. Once injured, skeletal muscles usually go through the processes of inflammation, repairing and remodeling. If repairing and remodeling stages are out of balance, scars will be formed to replace injured skeletal muscles. At present, clinicians usually use conventional methods to restore the injured skeletal muscles, such as flap transplantation. However, flap transplantation sometimes needs to sacrifice healthy autologous tissues and will bring extra harm to patients. In recent years, stem cells-based tissue engineering provides us new treatment ideas for skeletal muscle injuries. Stem cells are cells with multiple differentiation potential and have ability to differentiate into adult cells under special condition. Skeletal muscle tissues also have stem cells, called satellite cells, but they are in small amount and new muscle fibers that derived from them may not be enough to replace injured fibers. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration and activate the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Biomaterial is another important factor to promote tissue regeneration and greatly enhance physiological activities of stem cells in vivo. The combined use of stem cells and biomaterials will gradually become a mainstream to restore injured skeletal muscles in the future. This review article mainly focuses on the review of research about the application of BM-MSCs and several major biomaterials in skeletal muscle regeneration over the past decades.
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Key Words
- 3D-ECM, three dimensional extracellular matrix
- ASCs, adipose stem cells
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BM-MSCs
- BM-MSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- Biomaterial
- CREB, cAMP- response element binding protein
- DPSCs, dental pulp stem cells
- Differentiation
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2
- GCSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- GDNF, glial derived neurotrophic factor
- GPT, gelatin-poly(ethylene glycol)- tyramine
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1
- IL, interleukin
- LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor
- MRF, myogenic muscle factor
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal drugs
- PDGF-BB, platelet derived growth factor-BB
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PRP, platelet rich plasma
- S1P, sphingosine 1-phosphate
- SDF-1, stromal cell derived factor-1
- Skeletal muscle injury
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- Tissue regeneration
- TrkB, tyrosine kinaseB
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VML, volumetric muscle loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Dian-Ri Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Yu-Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ji-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
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17
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Allogeneic Decellularized Muscle Scaffold Is Less Fibrogenic and Inflammatory than Acellular Dermal Matrices in a Rat Model of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:43e-53e. [PMID: 32590650 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle trauma can produce grave functional deficits, but therapeutic options remain limited. The authors studied whether a decellularized skeletal muscle scaffold would provide benefits in inducing skeletal muscle regeneration over acellular dermal matrices. METHODS Eighty-two rat muscle defects were surgically created and assigned to no intervention or implantation of AlloDerm, Strattice, decellularized rat muscle, or decellularized rat dermis to 30 or 60 days. Decellularized rat muscle and dermis were prepared using a negative pressure-assisted protocol. Assessment for cellularity, neovascularization, myogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis were done histologically and by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Histology showed relative hypercellularity of AlloDerm (p < 0.003); Strattice appeared encapsulated. Immunofluorescence for CD31 and myosin heavy chain in decellularized rat muscle revealed dense microvasculature and peripheral islands of myogenesis. MyoD expression in muscle scaffolds was 23-fold higher than in controls (p < 0.01). Decellularized rat muscle showed no up-regulation of COX-2 (p < 0.05), with less expression than decellularized rat dermis and Strattice (p < 0.002). Decellularized rat muscle scaffolds expressed tumor necrosis factor-α less than Strattice, AlloDerm, and decellularized rat dermis (p < 0.01); collagen-1a less than decellularized rat dermis and Strattice (p < 0.04); α-smooth muscle actin 7-fold less than AlloDerm (p = 0.04); and connective tissue growth factor less than Strattice, AlloDerm, and decellularized rat dermis (p < 0.02). CONCLUSION Decellularized muscle matrix appears to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in an animal muscle defect as compared with dermal matrices and promotes greater expression of myocyte differentiation-inducing genes.
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18
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials-Based Strategies for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Loss. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030085. [PMID: 32751847 PMCID: PMC7552659 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of Americans suffer from skeletal muscle injuries annually that can result in volumetric muscle loss (VML), where extensive musculoskeletal damage and tissue loss result in permanent functional deficits. In the case of small-scale injury skeletal muscle is capable of endogenous regeneration through activation of resident satellite cells (SCs). However, this is greatly reduced in VML injuries, which remove native biophysical and biochemical signaling cues and hinder the damaged tissue's ability to direct regeneration. The current clinical treatment for VML is autologous tissue transfer, but graft failure and scar tissue formation leave patients with limited functional recovery. Tissue engineering of instructive biomaterial scaffolds offers a promising approach for treating VML injuries. Herein, we review the strategic engineering of biophysical and biochemical cues in current scaffold designs that aid in restoring function to these preclinical VML injuries. We also discuss the successes and limitations of the three main biomaterial-based strategies to treat VML injuries: acellular scaffolds, cell-delivery scaffolds, and in vitro tissue engineered constructs. Finally, we examine several innovative approaches to enhancing the design of the next generation of engineered scaffolds to improve the functional regeneration of skeletal muscle following VML injuries.
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19
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Cheng YW, Shiwarski DJ, Ball RL, Whitehead KA, Feinberg AW. Engineering Aligned Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using Decellularized Plant-Derived Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3046-3054. [PMID: 33463300 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To achieve organization and function, engineered tissues require a scaffold that supports cell adhesion, alignment, growth, and differentiation. For skeletal muscle tissue engineering, decellularization has been an approach for fabricating 3D scaffolds that retain biological architecture. While many decellularization approaches are focused on utilizing animal muscle as the starting material, decellularized plants are a potential source of highly structured cellulose-rich scaffolds. Here, we assessed the potential for a variety of decellularized plant scaffolds to promote mouse and human muscle cell alignment and differentiation. After decellularizing a range of fruits and vegetables, we identified the green-onion scaffold to have appropriate surface topography for generating highly confluent and aligned C2C12 and human skeletal muscle cells (HSMCs). The topography of the green-onion cellulose scaffold contained a repeating pattern of grooves that are approximately 20 μm wide by 10 μm deep. The outer white section of the green onion had a microstructure that guided C2C12 cell differentiation into aligned myotubes. Quantitative analysis of C2C12 and HSMC alignment revealed an almost complete anisotropic organization compared to 2D isotropic controls. Our results demonstrate that the decellularized green onion cellulose scaffolds, particularly from the outer white bulb segment, provide a simple and low-cost substrate to engineer aligned human skeletal muscle.
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20
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Kim J, Kasukonis B, Roberts K, Dunlap G, Brown L, Washington T, Wolchok J. Graft alignment impacts the regenerative response of skeletal muscle after volumetric muscle loss in a rat model. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:191-202. [PMID: 31978621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A key event in the etiology of volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury is the bulk loss of structural cues provided by the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). To re-establish the lost cues, there is broad consensus within the literature supporting the utilization of implantable scaffolding. However, while scaffold based regenerative medicine strategies have shown potential, there remains a significant amount of outcome variability observed across the field. We suggest that an overlooked source of outcome variability is differences in scaffolding architecture. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that implant alignment has a significant impact on genotypic and phenotypic outcomes following the repair of VML injuries. Using a rat VML model, outcomes across three autograft implant treatment groups (aligned implants, 45° misaligned, and 90° misaligned) and two recovery time points (2 weeks and 12 weeks) were examined (n = 6-8/group). At 2 weeks post-repair there were no significant differences in muscle mass and torque recovery between the treatment groups, however we did observe a significant upregulation of MyoD (2.5 fold increase) and Pax7 (2 fold increase) gene expression as well as the presence of immature myofibers at the implant site for those animals repaired with aligned autografts. By 12 weeks post-repair, functional and structural differences between the treatment groups could be detected. Aligned autografts had significantly greater mass and torque recovery (77 ± 10% of normal) when compared to 45° and 90° misaligned autografts (64 ± 10% and 61 ± 11%, respectively). Examination of tissue structure revealed extensive fibrosis and a significant increase in non-contractile tissue area fraction for only those animals treated using misaligned autografts. When taken together, the results suggest that implant graft orientation has a significant impact on in-vivo outcomes and indicate that the effect of graft alignment on muscle phenotype may be mediated through genotypic changes to myogenesis and fibrosis at the site of injury and repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A key event in the etiology of volumetric muscle loss injury is the bulk loss of architectural cues provided by the underlying extracellular matrix. To re-establish the lost cues, there is broad consensus within the literature supporting the utilization of implantable scaffolding. Yet, although native muscle is a highly organized tissue with network and cellular alignment in the direction of contraction, there is little evidence within the field concerning the importance of re-establishing native architectural alignment. The results of this study suggest that critical interactions exist between implant and native muscle alignment cues during healing, which influence the balance between myogenesis and fibrosis. Specifically, it appears that alignment of implant architectural cues with native muscle cues is necessary to create a pro-myogenic environment and contractile force recovery. The results also suggest that misaligned cues may be pathological, leading to fibrosis and poor contractile force recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ben Kasukonis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kevin Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Grady Dunlap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lemuel Brown
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Tyrone Washington
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wolchok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
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21
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Bour RK, Sharma PR, Turner JS, Hess WE, Mintz EL, Latvis CR, Shepherd BR, Presnell SC, McConnell MJ, Highley C, Peirce SM, Christ GJ. Bioprinting on sheet-based scaffolds applied to the creation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs with potentially diverse clinical applications: Tissue-Engineered Muscle Repair (TEMR) as a representative testbed. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:216-228. [PMID: 31899969 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1679800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This report explores the overlooked potential of bioprinting to automate biomanufacturing of simple tissue structures, such as the uniform deposition of (mono)layers of progenitor cells on sheetlike decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM). In this scenario, dECM serves as a biodegradable celldelivery matrix to provide enhanced regenerative microenvironments for tissue repair. The Tissue-Engineered Muscle Repair (TEMR) technology-where muscle progenitor cells are seeded onto a porcine bladder acellular matrix (BAM), serves as a representative testbed for bioprinting applications. Previous work demonstrated that TEMR implantation improved functional outcomes following VML injury in biologically relevant rodent models.Materials and Methods: In the described bioprinting system, a cell-laden hydrogel bioink is used to deposit high cell densities (1.4 × 105-3.5 × 105 cells/cm2), onto both sides of the bladder acellular matrix as proof-of-concept.Results: These bioprinting methods achieve a reproducible and homogeneous distribution of cells, on both sides of the BAM scaffold, after just 24hrs, with cell viability as high as 98%. These preliminary results suggest bioprinting allows for improved dual-sided cell coverage compared to manual-seeding.Conclusions: Bioprinting can enable automated fabrication of TEMR constructs with high fidelity and scalability, while reducing biomanufacturing costs and timelines. Such bioprinting applications are underappreciated, yet critical, to expand the overall biomanufacturing paradigm for tissue engineered medical products. In addition, biofabrication of sheet-like implantable constructs, with cells deposited on both sides, is a process that is both scaffold and cell-type agnostic, and furthermore, is amenable to many geometries, and thus, additional tissue engineering applications beyond skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Bour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - P R Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J S Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - W E Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - E L Mintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - C R Latvis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - M J McConnell
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - C Highley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - S M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - G J Christ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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22
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Pearce HA, Kim YS, Diaz-Gomez L, Mikos AG. Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Gholobova D, Terrie L, Gerard M, Declercq H, Thorrez L. Vascularization of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Biomaterials 2019; 235:119708. [PMID: 31999964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue can be created in vitro by tissue engineering approaches, based on differentiation of muscle stem cells. Several approaches exist and generally result in three dimensional constructs composed of multinucleated myofibers to which we refer as myooids. Engineering methods date back to 3 decades ago and meanwhile a wide range of cell types and scaffold types have been evaluated. Nevertheless, in most approaches, myooids remain very small to allow for diffusion-mediated nutrient supply and waste product removal, typically less than 1 mm thick. One of the shortcomings of current in vitro skeletal muscle organoid development is the lack of a functional vascular structure, thus limiting the size of myooids. This is a challenge which is nowadays applicable to almost all organoid systems. Several approaches to obtain a vascular structure within myooids have been proposed. The purpose of this review is to give a concise overview of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gholobova
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Terrie
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - M Gerard
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - H Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - L Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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24
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Greising SM, Corona BT, McGann C, Frankum JK, Warren GL. Therapeutic Approaches for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:510-525. [PMID: 31578930 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to understand the impact of regenerative therapies on the functional capacity of skeletal muscle following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. An extensive database search (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov) was conducted up through January 2019 to evaluate the following: "In humans or animals with VML injury, is treatment better than no treatment at recovering functional capacity?" Study eligibility criteria required studies to have both an untreated and at least one treated VML injury group. From 2312 study reports, 44 studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative functional capacity data (absolute and/or normalized strength) or proportional measures (histological analysis quantifying viable muscle tissue, mitochondrial function, and/or exhaustive treadmill running) were extracted for use. While both human and animal studies were included in the searches, only animal studies met the eligibility criteria. Using a random-effects model, Hedges' g was used as the effect size (ES) and calculated such that a positive ES indicated treatment efficacy. The overall ES was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.96; p < 0.0000001), indicating that the treatments, on average, resulted in a significant improvement in functional capacity. From network meta-analyses, it was determined that an acellular biomaterial combined with stem and/or progenitor cells had the greatest treatment effectiveness. The findings indicate that various treatments in animal models of VML improve the functional capacity of muscle compared to leaving the injury untreated; however, the ∼16% beneficial effect is small. Our results suggest that current regenerative therapy paradigms require further maturation to achieve clinically meaningful improvements in the functional capacity of the muscle. Impact Statement Our most salient findings are that (1) various treatment approaches used in animal models of volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury improve functional capacity compared to leaving the injury untreated and (2) an acellular biomaterial in combination with cellular components was the most effective treatment to improve functional capacity following VML injury to date. The nature of our findings has substantial implications for regenerative medicine, biomedical engineering, and rehabilitative techniques currently being evaluated and developed for VML injury repair, and are pivotal to the progression of the regenerative medicine effort aimed at restoring maximal function to traumatized and disabled limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christopher McGann
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeremy K Frankum
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gordon L Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Panayi AC, Smit L, Hays N, Udeh K, Endo Y, Li B, Sakthivel D, Tamayol A, Neppl RL, Orgill DP, Nuutila K, Sinha I. A porous collagen-GAG scaffold promotes muscle regeneration following volumetric muscle loss injury. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:61-74. [PMID: 31603580 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a segmental loss of skeletal muscle which commonly heals with fibrosis, minimal muscle regeneration, and loss of muscle strength. Treatment options for these wounds which promote functional recovery are currently lacking. This study was designed to investigate whether the collagen-GAG scaffold (CGS) promotes functional muscle recovery following VML. A total of 66 C57/Bl6 mice were used in a three-stage experiment. First, 24 animals were split into three groups which underwent sham injury or unilateral quadriceps VML injury with or without CGS implantation. Two weeks post-surgery, muscle was harvested for histological and gene expression analysis. In the second stage, 18 mice underwent bilateral quadriceps VML injury, followed by weekly functional testing using a treadmill. In the third stage, 24 mice underwent sham or bilateral quadriceps VML injury with or without CGS implantation, with tissue harvested six weeks post-surgery for histological and gene expression analysis. VML mice treated with CGS demonstrated increased remnant fiber hypertrophy versus both the VML with no CGS and uninjured groups. Both VML groups showed greater muscle fiber hypertrophy than non-injured muscle. This phenomenon was still evident in the longer-term experiment. The gene array indicated that the CGS promoted upregulation of factors involved in promoting wound healing and regeneration. In terms of functional improvement, the VML mice treated with CGS ran at higher maximum speeds than VML without CGS. A CGS was shown to enhance muscle hypertrophy in response to VML injury with a resultant improvement in functional performance. A gene array highlighted increased gene expression of multiple growth factors following CGS implantation. This suggests that implantation of a CGS could be a promising treatment for VML wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucindi Smit
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Hays
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kodi Udeh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dharaniya Sakthivel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Ronald L Neppl
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Dzobo K, Thomford NE, Senthebane DA. Targeting the Versatile Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Cancer Biology and Therapeutics: From Concept to Actionable Strategy. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:517-538. [PMID: 31613700 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This expert review offers a critical synthesis of the latest insights and approaches at targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in various cancers such as colorectal cancer, melanoma, leukemia, and breast and lung cancers. Notably, from organogenesis to cancer, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling displays varied and highly versatile biological functions in animals, with virtually all tissues requiring the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in one way or the other. Aberrant expression of the members of the Wnt/β-catenin has been implicated in many pathological conditions, particularly in human cancers. Mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes have been noted in diverse cancers. Biochemical and genetic data support the idea that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is beneficial in cancer therapeutics. The interaction of this important pathway with other signaling systems is also noteworthy, but remains as an area for further research and discovery. In addition, formation of different complexes by components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the precise roles of these complexes in the cytoplasmic milieu are yet to be fully elucidated. This article highlights the latest medical technologies in imaging, single-cell omics, use of artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning techniques), genome sequencing, quantum computing, molecular docking, and computational softwares in modeling interactions between molecules and predicting protein-protein and compound-protein interactions pertinent to the biology and therapeutic value of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We discuss these emerging technologies in relationship to what is currently needed to move from concept to actionable strategies in translating the Wnt/β-catenin laboratory discoveries to Wnt-targeted cancer therapies and diagnostics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso A Senthebane
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Methods to generate tissue-derived constructs for regenerative medicine applications. Methods 2019; 171:3-10. [PMID: 31606388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs for transplantation remains a continued problem for patients with irreversible end-stage organ failure. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aims to develop therapies to provide viable solutions for these patients. Use of decellularized tissue scaffolds has emerged as an attractive approach to generate tissue constructs that mimic native tissue architecture and vascular networks. The process of decellularization which involves the removal of resident cellular components from donor tissues has been successfully translated to the clinic for applications in patients. However, transplantation of bioengineered solid organs using this approach remains a challenge as the process requires repopulating target cells to achieve functioning organs. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the methods used to achieve decellularization, the types of decellularizing agents, and the potential cell sources that could be used to achieve tissue function. Understanding the mechanism of action of the decellularizing agent and the processing methods will provide the optimal results for applications.
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28
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Wang Z, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS. Fabrication Techniques for Vascular and Vascularized Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900742. [PMID: 31402593 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired or damaged blood vessels can occur at all levels in the hierarchy of vascular systems from large vasculatures such as arteries and veins to meso- and microvasculatures such as arterioles, venules, and capillary networks. Vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for fabricating small-diameter vascular grafts for occlusive arteries. Vascularized tissue engineering aims to fabricate meso- and microvasculatures for the prevascularization of engineered tissues and organs. The ideal small-diameter vascular graft is biocompatible, bridgeable, and mechanically robust to maintain patency while promoting tissue remodeling. The desirable fabricated meso- and microvasculatures should rapidly integrate with the host blood vessels and allow nutrient and waste exchange throughout the construct after implantation. A number of techniques used, including engineering-based and cell-based approaches, to fabricate these synthetic vasculatures are herein explored, as well as the techniques developed to fabricate hierarchical structures that comprise multiple levels of vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Mithieux
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Bosch Institute University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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29
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Talovic M, Patel K, Schwartz M, Madsen J, Garg K. Decellularized extracellular matrix gelloids support mesenchymal stem cell growth and function in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1830-1842. [PMID: 31306568 DOI: 10.1002/term.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are irrecoverable due to a significant loss of regenerative elements, persistent inflammation, extensive fibrosis, and functional impairment. When used in isolation, previous stem cell and biomaterial-based therapies have failed to regenerate skeletal muscle at clinically relevant levels. The extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is crucial for the viability, stemness, and differentiation of stem cells. Decellularized-ECM (D-ECM) scaffolds are at the forefront of ongoing research to develop a viable therapy for VML. Due to the retention of key ECM components, D-ECM scaffolds provide an excellent substrate for the adhesion and migration of several cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and are currently under investigation in clinical trials for a wide range of medical conditions. However, a major limitation to the use of MSCs in clinical applications is their poor viability at the site of transplantation. In this study, we have fabricated spherical scaffolds composed of gelatin and skeletal muscle D-ECM for the adhesion and delivery of MSCs to the site of VML injury. These spherical scaffolds termed "gelloids" supported MSC survival, expansion, trophic factor secretion, immunomodulation, and myogenic protein expression in vitro. Future studies would determine the therapeutic efficacy of this approach in a murine model of VML injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Talovic
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Krishna Patel
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Josh Madsen
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Koyal Garg
- Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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30
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Naik A, Griffin MF, Szarko M, Butler PE. Optimizing the decellularization process of human maxillofacial muscles for facial reconstruction using a detergent-only approach. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1571-1580. [PMID: 31170774 DOI: 10.1002/term.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Trauma, congenital diseases, and cancer resection cause muscle deformities of the human facial muscle. Muscle defects are either treated with local or distal flaps if direct closure is not possible. However, such surgical interventions are limited by donor morbidity and limited tissue availability. Decellularized scaffolds provide alternative strategies for replacing and restoring missing facial muscle by creating scaffolds that mimic the native tissue. This study aimed to develop a protocol to decellularize human zygomaticus major muscle (ZMM) and masseter muscle (MM). Three protocols were assessed including a detergent-only treatment (DOT), detergent-enzymatic treatment (DET) protocol, and a third nondetergent nonenzymatic treatment protocol. Scaffolds were then characterized via histological, immunofluorescent, and quantitative techniques to assess which protocol provided optimal decellularization and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The results demonstrated three cycles of DOT protocol consisting of 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 4 hr was optimal for decellularization for both ZMM and MM. After three cycles, DNA content was significantly reduced compared with native ZMM and MM (p < .05) with preservation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan content and ECM on histological analysis. DET and nondetergent nonenzymatic treatment protocols were unsuccessful in decellularizing the ZMM and MM with residual DNA content after four cycles and caused ECM disruption on histological analysis. All protocols did not impair the mechanical properties and supported human fibroblast growth. In conclusion, the DOT protocol is effective in producing human decellularized muscle scaffolds that maintain the ECM. Further investigation of detergent only decellurization techniques should be explored as a first step to create effective scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Naik
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle F Griffin
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Szarko
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E Butler
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Shapiro L, Elsangeedy E, Lee H, Atala A, Yoo JJ, Lee SJ, Ju YM. In vitro evaluation of functionalized decellularized muscle scaffold for in situ skeletal muscle regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:045015. [PMID: 31100745 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment options for repairing volumetric muscle loss injury involve the use of existing host tissue like muscular flaps or grafts. However, host muscle tissue may not be available and donor site morbidity, such as functional loss and volume deficiency, is often present. In this study, we developed a biofunctionalized muscle-derived decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolding system to utilize endogenous stem/progenitor cells for in situ muscle tissue regeneration. We optimized the decellularization process to enhance cellular infiltration and fabricated an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3)-conjugated scaffold for controlled delivery of IGF-I. We then tested in vitro characterization including IGF-I release kinetics and cellular infiltration. In addition, we have analyzed the bioactivities of skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) to assess the indirect effect of released IGF-1 from the scaffold. The IGFBP-3 conjugated scaffolds demonstrated showed sustained release of IGF-1 and 1% SDS decellularized scaffold with IGF-1 showed higher cellular infiltration compared to control scaffolds (no conjugation). In indirect bioactivity assay, IGF-1 conjugated scaffold showed 2.1-fold increased cell activity compared to control (fresh media). Our results indicate that IGFBP-3/IGF-I conjugated scaffold has the potential to be used for in situ muscle tissue regeneration.
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32
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Dunn A, Talovic M, Patel K, Patel A, Marcinczyk M, Garg K. Biomaterial and stem cell-based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1246-1262. [PMID: 30604468 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell-based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off-the-shelf solution to cell-based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246-1262, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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33
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Patel KH, Dunn AJ, Talovic M, Haas GJ, Marcinczyk M, Elmashhady H, Kalaf EG, Sell SA, Garg K. Aligned nanofibers of decellularized muscle ECM support myogenic activity in primary satellite cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035010. [PMID: 30812025 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0b06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a loss of over ∼10% of muscle mass that results in functional impairment. Although skeletal muscle possesses the ability to repair and regenerate itself following minor injuries, VML injuries are irrecoverable. Currently, there are no successful clinical therapies for the treatment of VML. Previous studies have treated VML defects with decellularized extracellular matrix (D-ECM) scaffolds derived from either pig urinary bladder or small intestinal submucosa. These therapies were unsuccessful due to the poor mechanical stability of D-ECM leading to quick degradation in vivo. To circumvent these issues, in this manuscript aligned nanofibers of D-ECM were created using electrospinning that mimicked native muscle architecture and provided topographical cues to primary satellite cells. Additionally, combining D-ECM with polycaprolactone (PCL) improved the tensile mechanical properties of the electrospun scaffold. In vitro testing shows that the electrospun scaffold with aligned nanofibers of PCL and D-ECM supports satellite cell growth, myogenic protein expression, and myokine production.
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34
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Decellularized Tissue for Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082392. [PMID: 30110909 PMCID: PMC6121250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several acquired or congenital pathological conditions can affect skeletal muscle leading to volumetric muscle loss (VML), i.e., an irreversible loss of muscle mass and function. Decellularized tissues are natural scaffolds derived from tissues or organs, in which the cellular and nuclear contents are eliminated, but the tridimensional (3D) structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are preserved. Such scaffolds retain biological activity, are biocompatible and do not show immune rejection upon allogeneic or xenogeneic transplantation. An increase number of reports suggest that decellularized tissues/organs are promising candidates for clinical application in patients affected by VML. Here we explore the different strategies used to generate decellularized matrix and their therapeutic outcome when applied to treat VML conditions, both in patients and in animal models. The wide variety of VML models, source of tissue and methods of decellularization have led to discrepant results. Our review study evaluates the biological and clinical significance of reported studies, with the final aim to clarify the main aspects that should be taken into consideration for the future application of decellularized tissues in the treatment of VML conditions.
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35
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McClure MJ, Cohen DJ, Ramey AN, Bivens CB, Mallu S, Isaacs JE, Imming E, Huang YC, Sunwoo M, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Decellularized Muscle Supports New Muscle Fibers and Improves Function Following Volumetric Injury. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1228-1241. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David J. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Allison N. Ramey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Caroline B. Bivens
- Department of School of Art, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Satya Mallu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jonathan E. Isaacs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily Imming
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Yen-Chen Huang
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - MoonHae Sunwoo
- MTF Biologics, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation, Edison, New Jersey
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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36
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Decellularised skeletal muscles allow functional muscle regeneration by promoting host cell migration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8398. [PMID: 29849047 PMCID: PMC5976677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological conditions affecting skeletal muscle function may lead to irreversible volumetric muscle loss (VML). Therapeutic approaches involving acellular matrices represent an emerging and promising strategy to promote regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury. Here we investigated the ability of three different decellularised skeletal muscle scaffolds to support muscle regeneration in a xenogeneic immune-competent model of VML, in which the EDL muscle was surgically resected. All implanted acellular matrices, used to replace the resected muscles, were able to generate functional artificial muscles by promoting host myogenic cell migration and differentiation, as well as nervous fibres, vascular networks, and satellite cell (SC) homing. However, acellular tissue mainly composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) allowed better myofibre three-dimensional (3D) organization and the restoration of SC pool, when compared to scaffolds which also preserved muscular cytoskeletal structures. Finally, we showed that fibroblasts are indispensable to promote efficient migration and myogenesis by muscle stem cells across the scaffolds in vitro. This data strongly support the use of xenogeneic acellular muscles as device to treat VML conditions in absence of donor cell implementation, as well as in vitro model for studying cell interplay during myogenesis.
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37
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Current Methods for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Repair and Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1984879. [PMID: 29850487 PMCID: PMC5926523 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1984879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has the capacity of regeneration after injury. However, for large volumes of muscle loss, this regeneration needs interventional support. Consequently, muscle injury provides an ongoing reconstructive and regenerative challenge in clinical work. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, different strategies have been developed within the last century and especially during the last few decades, including surgical techniques, physical therapy, biomaterials, and muscular tissue engineering as well as cell therapy. Still, there is a great need to develop new methods and materials, which promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview over the epidemiology of muscle tissue loss, highlight current strategies in clinical treatment, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical translation.
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Sarrafian TL, Bodine SC, Murphy B, Grayson JK, Stover SM. Extracellular matrix scaffolds for treatment of large volume muscle injuries: A review. Vet Surg 2018; 47:524-535. [PMID: 29603757 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large muscular or musculotendinous defects present a dilemma because of the inadequacies of current treatment strategies. Extracellular matrices (ECM) are potential clinically applicable regenerative biomaterials. This review summarizes information from the preclinical literature evaluating the use of ECM for muscle regeneration in animal models of volumetric muscle loss (VML). STUDY DESIGN Literature review. SAMPLE POPULATION Animal models of VML in which surgical repair was performed with an ECM product, with or without added cell populations. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, CAB abstracts, and Scopus were searched for preclinical studies using ECM in animal models of VML. The search terms "extracellular matrix," "VML," "muscle regeneration," "cell seeded," and "scaffold" identified 40 articles that met inclusion criteria of an animal model of VML in which surgical repair was performed with an ECM product, with or without added cell populations. Key skeletal muscle repair mechanisms and experimental findings on scaffold type, VML location, and experimental animal species were summarized. CONCLUSIONS Satellite cells and basal lamina are key endogenous contributors to skeletal muscle regeneration. ECM as a dynamic tissue component may provide structural integrity, signaling molecules, and a 3-dimensional topography conducive to muscle regeneration. Preclinical models of muscle repair most commonly used mice and rats (88%). Most experimental lesions were created in abdominal wall (33%), anterior tibialis (33%), latissimus dorsi (10%), or quadriceps (10%) muscles. Matrices varied markedly in source and preparation. Experimental outcomes of ECM and cell-seeded ECM implantation for muscle regeneration in VML were highly variable and dependent on matrix tissue source, preparation method, and anatomic site of injury. Scar tissue formation likely contributes to load transfer. Nonappendicular lesions had better regenerative results compared with appendicular VML. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The preponderance of current evidence supports the use of ECM for muscle defect repair only in specific instances, such as nonappendicular and/or partial-thickness defects. Consequently, clinical use of ECM in veterinary patients requires careful consideration of the specific ECM product, lesion size and location, and loading circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Sarrafian
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant US Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, California
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brian Murphy
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kevin Grayson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant US Air Force Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, California
| | - Susan M Stover
- J. D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Zhao C, Wang S, Wang G, Su M, Song L, Chen J, Fan S, Lin X. Preparation of decellularized biphasic hierarchical myotendinous junction extracellular matrix for muscle regeneration. Acta Biomater 2018; 68:15-28. [PMID: 29294376 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle injury and defect affect people's quality of life, and effective treatment is lacking. Herein, we generated a scaffold to obtain decellularized porcine Achilles tendon myotendinous junction (D-MTJ) extracellular matrix (ECM) with well-preserved native biphasic hierarchical structure, biological composition, and excellent mechanical properties for muscle regeneration. The combined use of potassium chloride, potassium iodide, Triton-X 100, and sodium-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can completely remove the main immunogenicity, while maintaining the major biological components and microstructure. The specific biomechanics of D-MTJ is comparable to the native muscle-tendon physiological conditions. Additionally, the D-MTJ ECM scaffold induced minimal immunological reaction (histology analysis) through rat subcutaneous implantation. Moreover, in vitro, muscle satellite cells adhered, proliferated, and infiltrated into the D-MTJ scaffold, and myofiber-like cell differentiation was observed as shown by increased expression of myogenesis-related genes during culture. In vivo, newly formed myofibers were observed in a muscle defect model with D-MTJ orthotopic transplantation, while the control group presented mostly with fibrous tissue deposition. Additionally, the number of Myod and MyHC-positive cells in the ECM scaffold group was higher at day 30. We preliminary explored the mechanisms underlying D-MTJ-mediated muscle regeneration, which may be attributed to its specific biphasic hierarchical structure, bio-components, and attractiveness for myogenesis cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest the D-MTJ ECM scaffold prepared in this study is a promising choice for muscle regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to use decellularization technology obtaining the specifically decellularized myotendinous junction (D-MTJ) with well-preserved biphasic hierarchical structure and constituents, excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. The D-MTJ was further proved to be efficient for muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms may be attributed to its specifically structure and constituents, improved myogenesis and good preservation of repair-related factors. Our study may provide basis for the decellularization of other biphasic hierarchical tissues and a platform for further studies on muscle fiber and tendon integrations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Aurora A, Wrice N, Walters TJ, Christy RJ, Natesan S. A PEGylated platelet free plasma hydrogel based composite scaffold enables stable vascularization and targeted cell delivery for volumetric muscle loss. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:150-162. [PMID: 29128541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are being used for the clinical repair of soft tissue injuries. Although improved functional outcomes have been reported, ECM scaffolds show limited tissue specific remodeling response with concomitant deposition of fibrotic tissue. One plausible explanation is the regression of blood vessels which may be limiting the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients across the scaffold. Herein we develop a composite scaffold as a vasculo-inductive platform by integrating PEGylated platelet free plasma (PFP) hydrogel with a muscle derived ECM scaffold (m-ECM). In vitro, adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) seeded onto the composite scaffold differentiated into two distinct morphologies, a tubular network in the hydrogel, and elongated structures along the m-ECM scaffold. The composite scaffold showed a high expression of ITGA5, ITGB1, and FN and a synergistic up-regulation of ang1 and tie-2 transcripts. The in vitro ability of the composite scaffold to provide extracellular milieu for cell adhesion and molecular cues to support vessel formation was investigated in a rodent volumetric muscle loss (VML) model. The composite scaffold delivered with ASCs supported robust and stable vascularization. Additionally, the composite scaffold supported increased localization of ASCs in the defect demonstrating its ability for localized cell delivery. Interestingly, ASCs were observed homing in the injured muscle and around the perivascular space possibly to stabilize the host vasculature. In conclusion, the composite scaffold delivered with ASCs presents a promising approach for scaffold vascularization. The versatile nature of the composite scaffold also makes it easily adaptable for the repair of soft tissue injuries. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds when used for soft tissue repair is often accompanied by deposition of fibrotic tissue possibly due to limited scaffold vascularization, which limits the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients across the scaffold. Although a variety of scaffold vascularization strategies has been investigated, their limitations preclude rapid clinical translation. In this study we have developed a composite scaffold by integrating bi-functional polyethylene glycol modified platelet free plasma (PEGylated PFP) with adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) along with a muscle derived ECM scaffold (m-ECM). The composite scaffold provides a vasculo-inductive and an effective cell delivery platform for volumetric muscle loss.
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Lee JS, Choi YS, Cho SW. Decellularized Tissue Matrix for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:161-180. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Kim H, Kim Y, Fendereski M, Hwang NS, Hwang Y. Recent Advancements in Decellularized Matrix-Based Biomaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1077:149-162. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Goldman SM, Corona BT. Co-delivery of micronized urinary bladder matrix damps regenerative capacity of minced muscle grafts in the treatment of volumetric muscle loss injuries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186593. [PMID: 29040321 PMCID: PMC5645132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Minced muscle grafts (MG) promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration and neuromuscular strength recovery in small and large animal models of volumetric muscle loss. The most noteworthy limitation of this approach is its reliance on a finite supply of donor tissue. To address this shortcoming, this study sought to evaluate micronized acellular urinary bladder matrix (UBM) as a scaffolding to promote in vivo expansion of this MG therapy in a rat model. Rats received volumetric muscle loss injuries to the tibialis anterior muscle of their left hind limb which were either left untreated or repaired with minced muscle graft at dosages of 50% and 100% of the defect mass, urinary bladder matrix in isolation, or a with an expansion product consisting of a combination of the two putative therapies in which the minced graft is delivered at a dosage of 50% of the defect mass. Rats survived to 2 and 8 weeks post injury before functional (in vivo neuromuscular strength), histological, morphological, and biochemical analyses were performed. Rats treated with the expansion product exhibited improved neuromuscular function relative to untreated VML after an 8 week time period following injury. This improvement in functional capacity, however, was accompanied with a concomitant reduction in graft mediated regeneration, as evidenced cell lineage tracing enable by a transgenic GFP expressing donor, and a mixed histological outcome indicating coincident fibrous matrix deposition with interspersed islands of nascent muscle fibers. Furthermore, quantitative immunofluorescence and transcriptional analysis following the 2 week time point suggests an exacerbated immune response to the UBM as a possible nidus for the observed suboptimal regenerative outcome. Moving forward, efforts related to the development of a MG expansion product should carefully consider the effects of the host immune response to candidate biomaterials in order to avoid undesirable dysregulation of pro-regenerative cross talk between the immune system and myogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Goldman
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Corona
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
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Nuutila K, Sakthivel D, Kruse C, Tran P, Giatsidis G, Sinha I. Gene expression profiling of skeletal muscle after volumetric muscle loss. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:408-413. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Dharaniya Sakthivel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Carla Kruse
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Peter Tran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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Dziki JL, Giglio RM, Sicari BM, Wang DS, Gandhi RM, Londono R, Dearth CL, Badylak SF. The Effect of Mechanical Loading Upon Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffold-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Remodeling. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:34-46. [PMID: 28345417 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that site-appropriate loading of implanted extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds and the surrounding microenvironment is an important tissue remodeling determinant, although the role at the cellular level in ECM-mediated skeletal muscle remodeling remains unknown. This study evaluates crosstalk between progenitor cells and macrophages during mechanical loading in ECM-mediated skeletal muscle repair. Myoblasts were exposed to solubilized ECM bioscaffolds and were mechanically loaded at 10% strain, 1 Hz for 5 h. Conditioned media was collected and applied to bone marrow-derived macrophages followed by immunolabeling for proinflammatory M1-like markers and proremodeling M2-like markers. Macrophages were subjected to the same loading protocol and their secreted products were collected for myoblast migration, proliferation, and differentiation analysis. A mouse hind limb unloading volumetric muscle loss model was used to evaluate the effect of loading upon the skeletal muscle microenvironment after ECM implantation. Animals were sacrificed at 14 or 180 days. Isometric torque production was tested and tissue sections were immunolabeled for macrophage phenotype and muscle fiber content. Results show that loading augments the ability of myoblasts to promote an M2-like macrophage phenotype following exposure to ECM bioscaffolds. Mechanically loaded macrophages promote myoblast chemotaxis and differentiation. Lack of weight bearing impaired muscle remodeling as indicated by Masson's Trichrome stain. Isometric torque was significantly increased following ECM implantation when compared to controls, a response not present in the hind limb-unloaded group. This work provides an important mechanistic insight of the effects of rehabilitation upon ECM-mediated remodeling and could have broader implications in clinical practice, advocating multidisciplinary approaches to regenerative medicine, emphasizing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Dziki
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross M Giglio
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian M Sicari
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek S Wang
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Riddhi M Gandhi
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ricardo Londono
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center/Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Passipieri JA, Baker HB, Siriwardane M, Ellenburg MD, Vadhavkar M, Saul JM, Tomblyn S, Burnett L, Christ GJ. Keratin Hydrogel Enhances In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Function in a Rat Model of Volumetric Muscle Loss. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:556-571. [PMID: 28169594 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries exceed the considerable intrinsic regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, resulting in permanent functional and cosmetic deficits. VML and VML-like injuries occur in military and civilian populations, due to trauma and surgery as well as due to a host of congenital and acquired diseases/syndromes. Current therapeutic options are limited, and new approaches are needed for a more complete functional regeneration of muscle. A potential solution is human hair-derived keratin (KN) biomaterials that may have significant potential for regenerative therapy. The goal of these studies was to evaluate the utility of keratin hydrogel formulations as a cell and/or growth factor delivery vehicle for functional muscle regeneration in a surgically created VML injury in the rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. VML injuries were treated with KN hydrogels in the absence and presence of skeletal muscle progenitor cells (MPCs), and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and/or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Controls included VML injuries with no repair (NR), and implantation of bladder acellular matrix (BAM, without cells). Initial studies conducted 8 weeks post-VML injury indicated that application of keratin hydrogels with growth factors (KN, KN+IGF-1, KN+bFGF, and KN+IGF-1+bFGF, n = 8 each) enabled a significantly greater functional recovery than NR (n = 7), BAM (n = 8), or the addition of MPCs to the keratin hydrogel (KN+MPC, KN+MPC+IGF-1, KN+MPC+bFGF, and KN+MPC+IGF-1+bFGF, n = 8 each) (p < 0.05). A second series of studies examined functional recovery for as many as 12 weeks post-VML injury after application of keratin hydrogels in the absence of cells. A significant time-dependent increase in functional recovery of the KN, KN+bFGF, and KN+IGF+bFGF groups was observed, relative to NR and BAM implantation, achieving as much as 90% of the maximum possible functional recovery. Histological findings from harvested tissue at 12 weeks post-VML injury documented significant increases in neo-muscle tissue formation in all keratin treatment groups as well as diminished fibrosis, in comparison to both BAM and NR. In conclusion, keratin hydrogel implantation promoted statistically significant and physiologically relevant improvements in functional outcomes post-VML injury to the rodent TA muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Passipieri
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - H B Baker
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Mevan Siriwardane
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Manasi Vadhavkar
- 2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Justin M Saul
- 5 Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio
| | - Seth Tomblyn
- 4 KeraNetics, LLC , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Luke Burnett
- 4 KeraNetics, LLC , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - George J Christ
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,2 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,6 Orthopaedics Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Rybalko V, Hsieh PL, Ricles LM, Chung E, Farrar RP, Suggs LJ. Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells and macrophages for ischemic skeletal muscle repair. Regen Med 2017; 12:153-167. [PMID: 28244825 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Progressive ischemia due to peripheral artery disease causes muscle damage and reduced strength of the lower extremities. Autologous cell therapy is an attractive treatment to restore perfusion and improve muscle function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have therapeutic potential in tissue repair, including polarizing effects on macrophages (MPs). MATERIALS & METHODS Co-culture systems of ASCs and MPs were analyzed for gene and protein expression modifications in ASC-conditioned MPs. Co-transplantation of MPs/ASCs in vivo led to improved skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of peripheral artery disease. RESULTS ASCs/MPs therapy restored muscle function, increased perfusion and reduced inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION Combined MPs/ASCs cell therapy is a promising approach to restore muscle function and stimulate local angiogenesis in the ischemic limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Rybalko
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura M Ricles
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eunna Chung
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Roger P Farrar
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Scott JB, Ward CL, Corona BT, Deschenes MR, Harrison BS, Saul JM, Christ GJ. Achieving Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering in Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Constructs In vitro through a Materials-Directed Agrin Delivery Approach. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:508. [PMID: 28123368 PMCID: PMC5225105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) can result from trauma, infection, congenital anomalies, or surgery, and produce permanent functional and cosmetic deficits. There are no effective treatment options for VML injuries, and recent advances toward development of muscle constructs lack the ability to achieve innervation necessary for long-term function. We sought to develop a proof-of-concept biomaterial construct that could achieve acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering on muscle-derived cells (MDCs) in vitro. The approach consisted of the presentation of neural (Z+) agrin from the surface of microspheres embedded with a fibrin hydrogel to muscle cells (C2C12 cell line or primary rat MDCs). AChR clustering was spatially restricted to areas of cell (C2C12)-microsphere contact when the microspheres were delivered in suspension or when they were incorporated into a thin (2D) fibrin hydrogel. AChR clusters were observed from 16 to 72 h after treatment when Z+ agrin was adsorbed to the microspheres, and for greater than 120 h when agrin was covalently coupled to the microspheres. Little to no AChR clustering was observed when agrin-coated microspheres were delivered from specially designed 3D fibrin constructs. However, cyclic stretch in combination with agrin-presenting microspheres led to dramatic enhancement of AChR clustering in cells cultured on these 3D fibrin constructs, suggesting a synergistic effect between mechanical strain and agrin stimulation of AChR clustering in vitro. These studies highlight a strategy for maintaining a physiological phenotype characterized by motor endplates of muscle cells used in tissue engineering strategies for muscle regeneration. As such, these observations may provide an important first step toward improving function of tissue-engineered constructs for treatment of VML injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Scott
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-SalemNC, USA; Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University Biomedical Engineering, Winston-SalemNC, USA
| | - Catherine L Ward
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-SalemNC, USA; US Army Institute for Surgical Research, San AntonioTX, USA
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-SalemNC, USA; US Army Institute for Surgical Research, San AntonioTX, USA
| | - Michael R Deschenes
- Department of Neuroscience, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg VA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Harrison
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-SalemNC, USA; Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University Biomedical Engineering, Winston-SalemNC, USA
| | - Justin M Saul
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford OH, USA
| | - George J Christ
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-SalemNC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, CharlottesvilleVA, USA
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50
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Rybalko VY, Pham CB, Hsieh PL, Hammers DW, Merscham-Banda M, Suggs LJ, Farrar RP. Controlled delivery of SDF-1α and IGF-1: CXCR4(+) cell recruitment and functional skeletal muscle recovery. Biomater Sci 2017; 3:1475-86. [PMID: 26247892 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic delivery of regeneration-promoting biological factors directly to the site of injury has demonstrated its efficacy in various injury models. Several reports describe improved tissue regeneration following local injection of tissue specific growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. Evidence exists that combined cytokine/growth factor treatment is superior for optimizing tissue repair by targeting different aspects of the regeneration response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the controlled delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α) alone or in combination with insulin-like growth factor-I (SDF-1α/IGF-I) for the treatment of tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury (TK-I/R) of skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that SDF-1α will promote sustained stem cell recruitment to the site of muscle injury, while IGF-I will induce progenitor cell differentiation to effectively restore muscle contractile function after TK-I/R injury while concurrently reducing apoptosis. Utilizing a novel poly-ethylene glycol PEGylated fibrin gel matrix (PEG-Fib), we incorporated SDF-1α alone (PEG-Fib/SDF-1α) or in combination with IGF-I (PEG-Fib/SDF-1α/IGF-I) for controlled release at the site of acute muscle injury. Despite enhanced cell recruitment and revascularization of the regenerating muscle after SDF-1α treatment, functional analysis showed no benefit from PEG-Fib/SDF-1α therapy, while dual delivery of PEG-Fib/SDF-1α/IGF-I resulted in IGF-I-mediated improvement of maximal force recovery and SDF-1α-driven in vivo neovasculogenesis. Histological data supported functional data, as well as highlighted the important differences in the regeneration process among treatment groups. This study provides evidence that while revascularization may be necessary for maximizing muscle force recovery, without modulation of other effects of inflammation it is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Y Rybalko
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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