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de Silva L, Longoni A, Staubli F, Nurmohamed S, Duits A, Rosenberg AJWP, Gawlitta D. Bone Regeneration in a Large Animal Model Featuring a Modular Off-the-Shelf Soft Callus Mimetic. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301717. [PMID: 37580174 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of engineered cartilage with soft callus features triggers remodeling to bone tissue via endochondral bone regeneration (EBR). Thus far, EBR has not progressed to the level of large animals on the axis of clinical translation. Herein, the feasibility of EBR is aimed for a critical-sized defect in a large animal model. Chondrogenesis is first induced in goat-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by fine-tuning the cellular differentiation process. Through a unique devitalization process, two off-the-shelf constructs aimed to recapitulate the different stages of the transient cartilaginous soft callus template in EBR are generated. To evaluate bone regeneration, the materials are implanted in an adapted bilateral iliac crest defect model in goats, featuring a novel titanium star-shaped spacer. After 3 months, the group at the more advanced differentiation stage shows remarkable regenerative capacity, with comparable amounts of bone regeneration as the autograft group. In contrast, while the biomaterial mimicking the earlier stages of chondrogenesis shows improved regeneration compared to the negative controls, this is subpar compared to the more advanced material. Concluding, EBR is attainable in large animals with a soft callus mimetic material that leads to fast conversion into centimeter-scale bone, which prospects successful implementation in the human clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne de Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Flurina Staubli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Nurmohamed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Anneli Duits
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine J W P Rosenberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhang L, Wang M, Qiu H, Wei Y, Zhou L, Nian N, Shi Z, Hu D, Ma B. Epicatechin gallate promotes vascularization in co-culture of human osteoblasts and outgrowth endothelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:732-745. [PMID: 37354086 PMCID: PMC10408553 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231171894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevascularization is crucial for the survival of tissue-engineered bone and further bone repair/regeneration. Since epicatechin gallate (ECG), the most abundant flavanol in green tea, shows potential beneficial effects on endothelial cells and bone cells, we decided to investigate whether it promotes vascularization/angiogenesis and osteogenesis using a co-culture system containing human primary osteoblasts (POBs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs). We found that treatment with ECG (1) significantly enhanced microvessel formation in co-culture of POB and OECs, (2) improved cell viability/proliferation and the angiogenic/osteogenic capacities of OEC/POBs, (3) significantly increased the levels of E-selectin, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, VEGF, and PDGF-BB in co-cultures of POB and OEC, and (4) upregulated HIF-1α, HIF-2α, NF-κB, iNOS, GLUT1, VEGF, and Ang1/2 but downregulated PHD1 in monocultures of OEC or POB. Our findings demonstrate that ECG promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis (probably via HIF signaling) in co-cultures of OECs and POBs. ECG thus has potential applications in the promotion of angiogenesis/vascularization in many tissue constructs including those of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Miaoran Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huiqing Qiu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
| | - Yusen Wei
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Nannan Nian
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Psychiatric-Psychologic Disease, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
| | - Dailun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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3
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Nguyen VT, Canciani B, Cirillo F, Anastasia L, Peretti GM, Mangiavini L. Effect of Chemically Induced Hypoxia on Osteogenic and Angiogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in Direct Coculture. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030757. [PMID: 32204578 PMCID: PMC7140659 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is an active tissue where bone mineralization and resorption occur simultaneously. In the case of fracture, there are numerous factors required to facilitate bone healing including precursor cells and blood vessels. To evaluate the interaction between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)—the precursor cells able to differentiate into bone-forming cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)—a cell source widely used for the study of blood vessels. We performed direct coculture of BMSC and HUVEC in normoxia and chemically induced hypoxia using Cobalt(II) chloride and Dimethyloxaloylglycine and in the condition where oxygen level was maintained at 1% as well. Cell proliferation was analyzed by crystal violet staining. Osteogenesis was examined by Alizarin Red and Collagen type I staining. Expression of angiogenic factor-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial marker-von Willebrand factor (VWF) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was also used to evaluate gene expression. The results showed that coculture in normoxia could retain both osteogenic differentiation and endothelial markers while hypoxic condition limits cell proliferation and osteogenesis but favors the angiogenic function even after 1 of day treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Nguyen
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (V.T.N.); (B.C.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Barbara Canciani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (V.T.N.); (B.C.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.)
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M. Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (V.T.N.); (B.C.); (G.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (V.T.N.); (B.C.); (G.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6621-4494
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4
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Klotz BJ, Oosterhoff LA, Utomo L, Lim KS, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Clevers H, Woodfield TBF, Rosenberg AJWP, Malda J, Ehrbar M, Spee B, Gawlitta D. A Versatile Biosynthetic Hydrogel Platform for Engineering of Tissue Analogues. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900979. [PMID: 31402634 PMCID: PMC7116179 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
For creating functional tissue analogues in tissue engineering, stem cells require very specific 3D microenvironments to thrive and mature. Demanding (stem) cell types that are used nowadays can find such an environment in a heterogeneous protein mixture with the trade name Matrigel. Several variations of synthetic hydrogel platforms composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which are spiked with peptides, have been recently developed and shown equivalence to Matrigel for stem cell differentiation. Here a clinically relevant hydrogel platform, based on PEG and gelatin, which even outperforms Matrigel when targeting 3D prevascularized bone and liver organoid tissue engineering models is presented. The hybrid hydrogel with natural and synthetic components stimulates efficient cell differentiation, superior to Matrigel models. Furthermore, the strength of this hydrogel lies in the option to covalently incorporate unmodified proteins. These results demonstrate how a hybrid hydrogel platform with intermediate biological complexity, when compared to existing biological materials and synthetic PEG-peptide approaches, can efficiently support tissue development from human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Klotz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental
Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA
Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht,
the Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - Lizette Utomo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental
Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University 3508 GA Utrecht,
the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - Khoon S. Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine,
Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago,
Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of
Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences,
University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim B. F. Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine,
Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago,
Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Antoine J. W. P. Rosenberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental
Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA
Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands;
Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University
of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental
Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA
Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht,
the Netherlands
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5
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Ma B, Li M, Fuchs S, Bischoff I, Hofmann A, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ. Short‐term hypoxia promotes vascularization in co‐culture system consisting of primary human osteoblasts and outgrowth endothelial cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:7-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic SciencesMurdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
- Experimental Trauma SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Iris Bischoff
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Ronald E. Unger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Charles J. Kirkpatrick
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
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6
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Pennings I, van Dijk LA, van Huuksloot J, Fledderus JO, Schepers K, Braat AK, Hsiao EC, Barruet E, Morales BM, Verhaar MC, Rosenberg AJWP, Gawlitta D. Effect of donor variation on osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in hydrogel cocultures. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:433-445. [PMID: 30650247 PMCID: PMC6593839 DOI: 10.1002/term.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To introduce a functional vascular network into tissue-engineered bone equivalents, human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be cocultured. Here, we studied the impact of donor variation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and cord blood-derived ECFCs on vasculogenesis and osteogenesis using a 3D in vitro coculture model. Further, to make the step towards cocultures consisting of cells derived from a single donor, we tested how induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human endothelial cells (iECs) performed in coculture models. Cocultures with varying combinations of human donors of MSCs, ECFCs, or iECs were prepared in Matrigel. The constructs were cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium. Following a 10-day culture period, the length of the prevascular structures and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated for up to 21 days of culture. The particular combination of MSC and ECFC donors influenced the vasculogenic properties significantly and induced variation in osteogenic potential. In addition, the use of iECs in the cocultures resulted in prevascular structure formation in osteogenically differentiated constructs. Together, these results showed that close attention to the source of primary cells, such as ECFCs and MSCs, is critical to address variability in vasculogenic and osteogenic potential. The 3D coculture model appeared to successfully generate prevascularized constructs and were sufficient in exceeding the ~200 μm diffusion limit. In addition, iPSC-derived cell lineages may decrease variability by providing a larger and potentially more uniform source of cells for future preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pennings
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas A van Dijk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliet van Huuksloot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost O Fledderus
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Schepers
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Koen Braat
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edward C Hsiao
- Department of Medicine and the Institute for Human Genetics and the Program for Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Department of Medicine and the Institute for Human Genetics and the Program for Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Blanca M Morales
- Department of Medicine and the Institute for Human Genetics and the Program for Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine J W P Rosenberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Nyberg E, Grayson W. Assessing the Minimum Time-Period of Normoxic Preincubation for Stable Adipose Stromal Cell-Derived Vascular Networks. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:471-481. [PMID: 31719894 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pre-vascularization of tissue engineered grafts is a promising strategy to facilitate their improved viability following in vivo implantation. In this process, endothelial cells (ECs) form capillary-like networks that can anastomose with host vasculature. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a commonly used cell population for tissue engineering and contain a subpopulation of ECs capable of assembling into robust vascular networks and anastomosing with the host. However, their initial vascular assembly is significantly impaired in hypoxic conditions (2% O2). In this study, we explored the minimum period of normoxic (20% O2) pre-treatment required to enable the formation of stable vascular networks. Methods ASC-derived vascular structures were allowed to preassemble in fibrin hydrogels in normoxia for 0, 2, 4, or 6 days and then transplanted into hypoxic environments for 6 days. Total vascular length, pericyte coverage, cell proliferation, apoptosis rates, and ECM production was assessed. Results Vascular assembly increased with time over the 6 days of culture. We found that 4 days was the minimum period of time required for stable vascular assembly. We compared the major differences in cell behavior and network structure at Days 2 and 4. Neither proliferation nor apoptosis differed, however, the Day 4 time-point was associated with a significant increase in pericyte coverage (46.1 ± 2.6%) compared to Day 2 (24.3 ± 5.3%). Conclusions These data suggest oxygen tension may be a mediator of EC-pericyte interactions during vascular assembly. Pre-vascularization strategies should incorporate a normoxic period of to enable successful vascular formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Nyberg
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Warren Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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8
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Bastian OW, Croes M, Alblas J, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH, Blokhuis TJ. Neutrophils Inhibit Synthesis of Mineralized Extracellular Matrix by Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells In Vitro. Front Immunol 2018; 9:945. [PMID: 29765377 PMCID: PMC5938347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although controlled local inflammation is essential for adequate bone regeneration, several studies have shown that hyper-inflammatory conditions after major trauma are associated with impaired fracture healing. These hyper-inflammatory conditions include the trauma-induced systemic inflammatory response to major injury, open fractures, and significant injury to the surrounding soft tissues. The current literature suggests that increased or prolonged influx of neutrophils into the fracture hematoma may mediate impairment of bone regeneration after hyper-inflammatory conditions. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesize that high neutrophil numbers inhibit synthesis of mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). We therefore studied the effect of increasing concentrations of neutrophils on ECM synthesis by human BMSCs in vitro. Moreover, we determined how high neutrophil concentrations affect BMSC cell counts, as well as BMSC osteogenic activity determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and ALP activity. Co-culture of BMSCs with neutrophils induced a 52% decrease in BMSC cell count (p < 0.01), a 64% decrease in the percentage of ALP+ cells (p < 0.001), a 28% decrease in total ALP activity (p < 0.01), and a significant decrease in the amount of mineralized ECM [38% decrease after 4 weeks (p < 0.05)]. Co-cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and neutrophils within transwells did not induce a significant decrease in ALP activity. In conclusion, our data shows that a decreased amount of mineralized ECM became synthesized by BMSCs, when they were co-cultured with high neutrophil concentrations. Moreover, high neutrophil concentrations induced a decrease in BMSC cell counts and decreased ALP activity. Clarifying the underlying mechanism may contribute to development of therapies that augment bone regeneration or prevent impaired fracture healing after hyper-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan W Bastian
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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9
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Braham MVJ, Minnema MC, Aarts T, Sebestyen Z, Straetemans T, Vyborova A, Kuball J, Öner FC, Robin C, Alblas J. Cellular immunotherapy on primary multiple myeloma expanded in a 3D bone marrow niche model. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1434465. [PMID: 29872571 PMCID: PMC5980416 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1434465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow niches support multiple myeloma, providing signals and cell-cell interactions essential for disease progression. A 3D bone marrow niche model was developed, in which supportive multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic derivatives were co-cultured with endothelial progenitor cells. These co-cultured cells formed networks within the 3D culture, facilitating the survival and proliferation of primary CD138+ myeloma cells for up to 28 days. During this culture, no genetic drift was observed within the genomic profile of the primary myeloma cells, indicating a stable outgrowth of the cultured CD138+ population. The 3D bone marrow niche model enabled testing of a novel class of engineered immune cells, so called TEGs (αβT cells engineered to express a defined γδTCR) on primary myeloma cells. TEGs were engineered and tested from both healthy donors and myeloma patients. The added TEGs were capable of migrating through the 3D culture, exerting a killing response towards the primary myeloma cells in 6 out of 8 donor samples after both 24 and 48 hours. Such a killing response was not observed when adding mock transduced T cells. No differences were observed comparing allogeneic and autologous therapy. The supporting stromal microenvironment was unaffected in all conditions after 48 hours. When adding TEG therapy, the 3D model surpassed 2D models in many aspects by enabling analyses of specific homing, and both on- and off-target effects, preparing the ground for the clinical testing of TEGs. The model allows studying novel immunotherapies, therapy resistance mechanisms and possible side-effects for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V. J. Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Aarts
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vyborova
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Qian Y, Han Q, Chen W, Song J, Zhao X, Ouyang Y, Yuan W, Fan C. Platelet-Rich Plasma Derived Growth Factors Contribute to Stem Cell Differentiation in Musculoskeletal Regeneration. Front Chem 2017; 5:89. [PMID: 29164105 PMCID: PMC5671651 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell treatment and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy are two significant issues in regenerative medicine. Stem cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells can be successfully applied in the field of tissue regeneration. PRP, a natural product isolated from whole blood, can secrete multiple growth factors (GFs) for regulating physiological activities. These GFs can stimulate proliferation and differentiation of different stem cells in injury models. Therefore, combination of both agents receives wide expectations in regenerative medicine, especially in bone, cartilage and tendon repair. In this review, we thoroughly discussed the interaction and underlying mechanisms of PRP derived GFs with stem cells, and assessed their functions in cell differentiation for musculoskeletal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixin Han
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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11
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Freeman FE, McNamara LM. Endochondral Priming: A Developmental Engineering Strategy for Bone Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:128-141. [PMID: 27758156 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have significant potential to treat bone pathologies by exploiting the capacity for bone progenitors to grow and produce tissue constituents under specific biochemical and physical conditions. However, conventional tissue engineering approaches, which combine stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds, are limited as the constructs often degrade, due to a lack of vascularization, and lack the mechanical integrity to fulfill load bearing functions, and as such are not yet widely used for clinical treatment of large bone defects. Recent studies have proposed that in vitro tissue engineering approaches should strive to simulate in vivo bone developmental processes and, thereby, imitate natural factors governing cell differentiation and matrix production, following the paradigm recently defined as "developmental engineering." Although developmental engineering strategies have been recently developed that mimic specific aspects of the endochondral ossification bone formation process, these findings are not widely understood. Moreover, a critical comparison of these approaches to standard biomaterial-based bone tissue engineering has not yet been undertaken. For that reason, this article presents noteworthy experimental findings from researchers focusing on developing an endochondral-based developmental engineering strategy for bone tissue regeneration. These studies have established that in vitro approaches, which mimic certain aspects of the endochondral ossification process, namely the formation of the cartilage template and the vascularization of the cartilage template, can promote mineralization and vascularization to a certain extent both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, this article outlines specific experimental challenges that must be overcome to further exploit the biology of endochondral ossification and provide a tissue engineering construct for clinical treatment of large bone/nonunion defects and obviate the need for bone tissue graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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12
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Identification of HIF-2α-regulated genes that play a role in human microvascular endothelial sprouting during prolonged hypoxia in vitro. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:39-54. [PMID: 27699500 PMCID: PMC5306362 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During prolonged hypoxic conditions, endothelial cells change their gene expression to adjust to the low oxygen environment. This process is mainly regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Although endothelial cells do not form sprouts during prolonged hypoxic culturing, silencing of HIF-2α partially restores sprout formation. The present study identifies novel HIF-2α-target genes that may regulate endothelial sprouting during prolonged hypoxia. The gene expression profile of primary human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) that were cultured at 20 % oxygen was compared to hMVECs that were cultured at 1 % oxygen for 14 days by using genome-wide RNA-sequencing. The differentially regulated genes in hypoxia were compared to the genes that were differentially regulated upon silencing of HIF-2α in hypoxia. Surprisingly, KEGG pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways were enriched within genes upregulated in response to hypoxia and enriched within genes downregulated upon HIF-2α silencing. Moreover, 51 HIF-2α-regulated genes were screened for their role in endothelial sprouting in hypoxia, of which four genes ARRDC3, MME, PPARG and RALGPS2 directly influenced endothelial sprouting during prolonged hypoxic culturing. The manipulation of specific downstream targets of HIF-2α provides a new, but to be further evaluated, perspective for restoring reduced neovascularization in several pathological conditions, such as diabetic ulcers or other chronic wounds, for improvement of vascularization of implanted tissue-engineered scaffolds.
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13
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HIF-2α Expression Regulates Sprout Formation into 3D Fibrin Matrices in Prolonged Hypoxia in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160700. [PMID: 27490118 PMCID: PMC4973926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During short-term hypoxia, Hypoxia Inducible Factors (particular their subunits HIF-1α and HIF-2α) regulate the expression of many genes including the potent angiogenesis stimulator VEGF. However, in some pathological conditions chronic hypoxia occurs and is accompanied by reduced angiogenesis. Objectives We investigated the effect of prolonged hypoxia on the proliferation and sprouting ability of human microvascular endothelial cells and the involvement of the HIFs and Dll4/Notch signaling. Methods and Results Human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs), cultured at 20% oxygen for 14 days and seeded on top of 3D fibrin matrices, formed sprouts when stimulated with VEGF-A/TNFα. In contrast, hMVECs precultured at 1% oxygen for 14 days were viable and proliferative, but did not form sprouts into fibrin upon VEGF-A/TNFα stimulation at 1% oxygen. Silencing of HIF-2α with si-RNA partially restored the inhibition of endothelial sprouting, whereas HIF-1α or HIF-3α by si-RNA had no effect. No involvement of Dll4/Notch pathway in the inhibitory effect on endothelial sprouting by prolonged hypoxia was found. In addition, hypoxia decreased the production of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), needed for migration and invasion, without a significant effect on its inhibitor PAI-1. This was independent of HIF-2α, as si-HIF-2α did not counteract uPA reduction. Conclusion Prolonged culturing of hMVECs at 1% oxygen inhibited endothelial sprouting into fibrin. Two independent mechanisms contribute. Silencing of HIF-2α with si-RNA partially restored the inhibition of endothelial sprouting pointing to a HIF-2α-dependent mechanism. In addition, reduction of uPA contributed to reduced endothelial tube formation in a fibrin matrix during prolonged hypoxia.
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14
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Croes M, Öner FC, van Neerven D, Sabir E, Kruyt MC, Blokhuis TJ, Dhert WJA, Alblas J. Proinflammatory T cells and IL-17 stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2016; 84:262-270. [PMID: 26780388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The local immune response is important to consider when the aim is to improve bone regeneration. Recently T lymphocytes and their associated cytokines have been identified as regulators in fracture callus formation, but it is not known whether T cells affect bone progenitor cells directly. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the role of different T cell subsets and their secreted factors on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Significant increases in the alkaline phosphatase activity and the subsequent matrix mineralization by MSCs were found after their exposure to activated T cells or activated T cell-derived conditioned medium. Blocking IFN-γ in the conditioned medium abolished its pro-osteogenic effect, while blocking TGF-β further enhanced osteogenesis. The relative contribution of an anti- or proinflammatory T cell phenotype in MSC osteogenic differentiation was studied next. Enrichment of the fraction of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells had no beneficial osteogenic effect. In contrast, soluble factors derived from enriched T helper 17 cells upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers by MSCs. IL-17A, and IL-17F, their main proinflammatory cytokines, similarly exhibited strong osteogenic effects when exposed directly to MSCs. IL-17A in particular showed a synergistic action together with bone morphogenetic protein 2. These results indicate that individual T cell subsets, following their activation, affect osteoblast maturation in a different manner through the production of soluble factors. From all T cells, the proinflammatory T cells, including the T helper 17 cells, are most stimulatory for osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Danihel van Neerven
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ekrem Sabir
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Moyo C Kruyt
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Lloyd-Griffith C, McFadden TM, Duffy GP, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ, O’Brien FJ. The pre-vascularisation of a collagen-chondroitin sulphate scaffold using human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells to enhance and stabilise endothelial cell-mediated vessel formation. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:263-73. [PMID: 26300337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A major problem in tissue engineering (TE) is graft failure in vivo due to core degradation in in vitro engineered constructs designed to regenerate thick tissues such as bone. The integration of constructs post-implantation relies on the rapid formation of functional vasculature. A recent approach to overcome core degradation focuses on the creation of cell-based, pre-engineered vasculature formed within the TE construct in vitro, prior to implantation in vivo. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether an amniotic fluid-derived stem cell (AFSC)-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture could be used to engineer in vitro vasculature in a collagen chondroitin sulphate (CCS) scaffold. The secondary objective was to investigate whether hypoxic conditions (2% O2) could enhance microcapillary-like structure formation by this co-culture. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that the AFSC-HUVEC co-culture was capable of pre-vascularising CCS scaffolds within 7 days and that the AFSCs are capable of behaving as pericytes while interacting with HUVECS to form microcapillary-like structures. However, this microcapillary-like structure formation was reduced in hypoxic conditions. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that an upregulation of VEGFR1 and accompanying decrease of VEGFR2 gene expression may be responsible for the poor response of these microcapillary-like structures to hypoxic conditions. Overall, however, these results demonstrate the potential of this newly developed co-culture system for the formation of pre-engineered vasculature within TE constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This article describes the development of an amniotic fluid-derived stem cell (AFSC)-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture for use in engineering in vitro vasculature in a collagen chondroitin sulphate (CCS) scaffold. The article also describes the effect of hypoxic conditions on the networks of microcapillary-like structures formed by this co-culture. The AFSC-HUVEC co-culture was capable of pre-vascularising CCS scaffolds within 7 days. However, microcapillary-like structure formation was reduced in hypoxic conditions. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of this newly developed co-culture system for the formation of pre-engineered vasculature within TE constructs. The proangiogenic nature of this co-culture has the potential to both enhance bone regeneration while also overcoming the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering.
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16
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Croes M, Oner FC, Kruyt MC, Blokhuis TJ, Bastian O, Dhert WJA, Alblas J. Proinflammatory Mediators Enhance the Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Lineage Commitment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132781. [PMID: 26176237 PMCID: PMC4503569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several inflammatory processes underlie excessive bone formation, including chronic inflammation of the spine, acute infections, or periarticular ossifications after trauma. This suggests that local factors in these conditions have osteogenic properties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their differentiated progeny contribute to bone healing by synthesizing extracellular matrix and inducing mineralization. Due to the variation in experimental designs used in vitro, there is controversy about the osteogenic potential of proinflammatory factors on MSCs. Our goal was to determine the specific conditions allowing the pro-osteogenic effects of distinct inflammatory stimuli. Human bone marrow MSCs were exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were cultured in growth medium or osteogenic differentiation medium. Alternatively, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was used as osteogenic supplement to simulate the conditions in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition were indicators of osteogenicity. To elucidate lineage commitment-dependent effects, MSCs were pre-differentiated prior treatment. Our results show that TNF-α and LPS do not affect the expression of osteogenic markers by MSCs in the absence of an osteogenic supplement. In osteogenic differentiation medium or together with BMP-2 however, these mediators highly stimulated their alkaline phosphatase activity and subsequent matrix mineralization. In pre-osteoblasts, matrix mineralization was significantly increased by these mediators, but irrespective of the culture conditions. Our study shows that inflammatory factors potently enhance the osteogenic capacity of MSCs. These properties may be harnessed in bone regenerative strategies. Importantly, the commitment of MSCs to the osteogenic lineage greatly enhances their responsiveness to inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Croes
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Oner
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Moyo C. Kruyt
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Taco J. Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Okan Bastian
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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17
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Im GI. Coculture in Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:545-54. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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18
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Valenzuela CD, Allori AC, Reformat DD, Sailon AM, Allen RJ, Davidson EH, Alikhani M, Bromage TG, Ricci JL, Warren SM. Characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell combinations for vascularized bone engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1373-85. [PMID: 23343199 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since bone repair and regeneration depend on vasculogenesis and osteogenesis, both of these processes are essential for successful vascularized bone engineering. Using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), we investigated temporal gene expression profiles, as well as bone nodule and endothelial tubule formation capacities, during osteogenic and vasculogenic ASC lineage commitment. Osteoprogenitor-enriched cell populations were found to express RUNX2, MSX2, SP7 (osterix), BGLAP (osteocalcin), SPARC (osteonectin), and SPP1 (osteopontin) in a temporally specific sequence. Irreversible commitment of ASCs to the osteogenic lineage occurred between days 6 and 9 of differentiation. Endothelioprogenitor-enriched cell populations expressed CD34, PECAM1 (CD31), ENG (CD105), FLT1 (Vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGFR1]), and KDR (VEGFR2). Capacity for microtubule formation was evident in as early as 3 days. Functional capacity was assessed in eight coculture combinations for both bone nodule and endothelial tubule formation, and the greatest expression of these end-differentiation phenotypes was observed in the combination of well-differentiated endothelial cells with less-differentiated osteoblastic cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate vascularized bone engineering utilizing ASCs is a promising enterprise, and that coculture strategies should focus on developing a more mature vascular network in combination with a less mature osteoblastic stromal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian D Valenzuela
- Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Laboratories, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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19
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Liu Y, Chan JKY, Teoh SH. Review of vascularised bone tissue-engineering strategies with a focus on co-culture systems. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:85-105. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Liu
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore 119228
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore 119228
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital; Singapore 229899
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637459
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