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Wang L, Shi Y, Qiu Z, Dang J, Sun L, Qu X, He J, Fan H. Bioactive 3D Electrohydrodynamic Printed Lattice Architectures Augment Tenogenesis of Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18574-18590. [PMID: 38567837 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tendon defect repair remains a tough clinical procedure that hinders functional motion in patients. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) three-dimensional (3D) printing, as a novel strategy, can controllably fabricate biomimetic micro/nanoscale architecture, but the hydrophobic and bioinert nature of polymers might be adverse to cell-material interplay. In this work, 3D EHD printed polycaprolactone (PCL) was immobilized on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) using polydopamine (PDA), and the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) in vitro was researched. A subcutaneous model was established to evaluate the effects of tenogenesis and immunomodulation. We then investigated the in situ implantation and immunomodulation effects in an Achilles tendon defect model. After immobilization of bFGF, the scaffolds profoundly facilitated proliferation and tenogenic differentiation; however, PDA had only a proliferative effect. Intriguingly, the bFGF immobilized on EHD printed PCL indicated a synergistic effect on the highest expression of tenogenic gene and protein markers at 14 days, and the tenogenesis may be induced by activating the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal pathway in vitro. The subcutaneous engraftment study confirmed a tendon-like structure, similar to that of the native tendon, as well as an M2 macrophage polarization effect. Additionally, the bioactive scaffold exhibited superior efficacy in new collagen formation and repair of Achilles tendon defects. Our study revealed that the topographic cues alone were insufficient to trigger tenogenic differentiation, requiring appropriate chemical signals, and that appropriate immunomodulation was conducive to tenogenesis. The tenogenesis of TSPCs on the bioactive scaffold may be correlated with the TGF-β signal pathway and M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yubo Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhennan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Rapid Manufacturing Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingyi Dang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liguo Sun
- Shaanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Xiaoli Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Rapid Manufacturing Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Rapid Manufacturing Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Kolliopoulos V, Polanek M, Xu H, Harley B. Inflammatory Licensed hMSCs Exhibit Enhanced Immunomodulatory Capacity in a Biomaterial Mediated Manner. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4916-4928. [PMID: 37390452 PMCID: PMC10600978 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone injuries represent particularly challenging environments for regenerative healing due to their large sizes, irregular and unique defect shapes, angiogenic requirements, and mechanical stabilization needs. These defects also exhibit a heightened inflammatory environment that can complicate the healing process. This study investigates the influence of the initial inflammatory stance of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on key osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory criteria when cultured in a class of mineralized collagen scaffolds under development for CMF bone repair. We previously showed that changes in scaffold pore anisotropy and glycosaminoglycan content can significantly alter the regenerative activity of both MSCs and macrophages. While MSCs are known to adopt an immunomodulatory phenotype in response to inflammatory stimuli, here, we define the nature and persistence of MSC osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory phenotypes in a 3D mineralized collagen environment, and further, whether changes to scaffold architecture and organic composition can blunt or accentuate this response as a function of inflammatory licensing. Notably, we found that a one-time licensing treatment of MSCs induced higher immunomodulatory potential compared to basal MSCs as observed by sustained immunomodulatory gene expression throughout the first 7 days as well as an increase in immunomodulatory cytokine (PGE2 and IL-6) expression throughout a 21-day culture period. Further, heparin scaffolds facilitated higher osteogenic cytokine secretion but lower immunomodulatory cytokine secretion compared to chondroitin-6-sulfate scaffolds. Anisotropic scaffolds facilitated higher secretion of both osteogenic protein OPG and immunomodulatory cytokines (PGE2 and IL-6) compared to isotropic scaffolds. These results highlight the importance of scaffold properties on the sustained kinetics of cell response to an inflammatory stimulus. The development of a biomaterial scaffold capable of interfacing with hMSCs to facilitate both immunomodulatory and osteogenic responses is an essential next step to determining the quality and kinetics of craniofacial bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kolliopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Maxwell Polanek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Tumor Engineering and Phenotyping (TEP) Shared Resource, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Abdalla AA, Pendegrass CJ. Biological approaches to the repair and regeneration of the rotator cuff tendon-bone enthesis: a literature review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:85-103. [PMID: 38283917 PMCID: PMC10817785 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Entheses are highly specialised organs connecting ligaments and tendons to bones, facilitating force transmission, and providing mechanical strengths to absorb forces encountered. Two types of entheses, fibrocartilaginous and fibrous, exist in interfaces. The gradual fibrocartilaginous type is in rotator cuff tendons and is more frequently injured due to the poor healing capacity that leads to loss of the original structural and biomechanical properties and is attributed to the high prevalence of retears. Fluctuating methodologies and outcomes of biological approaches are challenges to overcome for them to be routinely used in clinics. Therefore, stratifying the existing literature according to different categories (chronicity, extent of tear, and studied population) would effectively guide repair approaches. This literature review supports tissue engineering approaches to promote rotator cuff enthesis healing employing cells, growth factors, and scaffolds period. Outcomes suggest its promising role in animal studies as well as some clinical trials and that combination therapies are more beneficial than individualized ones. It then highlights the importance of tailoring interventions according to the tear extent, chronicity, and the population being treated. Contributing factors such as loading, deficiencies, and lifestyle habits should also be taken into consideration. Optimum results can be achieved if biological, mechanical, and environmental factors are approached. It is challenging to determine whether variations are due to the interventions themselves, the animal models, loading regimen, materials, or tear mechanisms. Future research should focus on tailoring interventions for different categories to formulate protocols, which would best guide regenerative medicine decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam A. Abdalla
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), Division of Surgery & Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J. Pendegrass
- Department of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Sciences, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, UK
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Rieber J, Meier-Bürgisser G, Miescher I, Weber FE, Wolint P, Yao Y, Ongini E, Milionis A, Snedeker JG, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Bioactive and Elastic Emulsion Electrospun DegraPol Tubes Delivering IGF-1 for Tendon Rupture Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10272. [PMID: 37373418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries can result in two major drawbacks. Adhesions to the surrounding tissue may limit the range of motion, while fibrovascular scar formation can lead to poor biomechanical outcomes. Prosthetic devices may help to mitigate those problems. Emulsion electrospinning was used to develop a novel three-layer tube based on the polymer DegraPol (DP), with incorporated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the middle layer. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to assess the fiber diameter in IGF-1 containing pure DP meshes. Further characterization was performed with Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and water contact angle, as well as through the assessment of mechanical properties and release kinetics from ELISA, and the bioactivity of IGF-1 by qPCR of collagen I, ki67, and tenomodulin in rabbit Achilles tenocytes. The IGF-1-containing tubes exhibited a sustained release of the growth factor up to 4 days and showed bioactivity by significantly upregulated ki67 and tenomodulin gene expression. Moreover, they proved to be mechanically superior to pure DP tubes (significantly higher fracture strain, failure stress, and elastic modulus). The novel three-layer tubes intended to be applied over conventionally sutured tendons after a rupture may help accelerate the healing process. The release of IGF-1 stimulates proliferation and matrix synthesis of cells at the repair site. In addition, adhesion formation to surrounding tissue can be reduced due to the physical barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rieber
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Meier-Bürgisser
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iris Miescher
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology & Department of Materials, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esteban Ongini
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University Clinic Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Milionis
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University Clinic Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Li K, Zhang X, Wang D, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Synergistic effects of growth factor-based serum-free medium and tendon-like substrate topography on tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213316. [PMID: 36736265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Addressing clinical challenges for tendon injuries requires a deeper understanding of the effects that biological and biophysical cues have on tenogenesis. Although prior studies have identified tenogenic growth factors (GFs) or elucidated the effects of substrate topography on tenocyte behavior, few have characterized their combined effect in the presence of a tendon-like substrate. In this study, we assessed the effect of biological (GFs) and biophysical (substrate topography) cues on tenogenic proliferation and differentiation under defined, serum-free conditions. Specifically, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in a serum-free culture medium containing a GF cocktail comprised of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), either alone or in combination with tendon-like substrate topography produced by replica casting of tendon tissue sections. Our data demonstrated that the use of serum-free GF cocktail medium alone promoted hMSC proliferation, as shown via DNA staining as well as Ki67 protein levels and gene expression. In particular, gene expression of Ki67 was increased by 8.46-fold in all three donors relative to serum-free medium control. Also, serum-free GF cocktail promoted tenogenic differentiation, on the basis of expression of tendon-associated gene and protein markers, scleraxis (SCX), tenascin C (TNC), and collagen type I (COL1A1) including increased normalized collagen production by 1.4-fold in two donors relative to serum-free medium control. Interestingly, hMSCs cultured on a tendon-like substrate exhibited highly oriented cell morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment reminiscent of tendon. In particular, when this GF cocktail was combined with tendon-like topography, they showed a synergistically increased expression of tendon-related markers and anisotropic organization of ECM proteins with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Together, in addition to showing the utility of a GF cocktail for expansion and differentiation of tenocyte-like cells, our findings clearly demonstrate the synergistic relationship between GF-mediated and substrate topography-related effects on hMSC tenogenic differentiation. This information provides insights into the design of strategies that combine biological and biophysical cues for ex vivo tenocyte production and tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Miescher I, Rieber J, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of IGF-1 Delivery Strategies on Tendon Healing: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032370. [PMID: 36768692 PMCID: PMC9916536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries suffer from a slow healing, often ending up in fibrovascular scar formation, leading to inferior mechanical properties and even re-rupture upon resumption of daily work or sports. Strategies including the application of growth factors have been under view for decades. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the used growth factors and has been applied to tenocyte in vitro cultures as well as in animal preclinical models and to human patients due to its anabolic and matrix stimulating effects. In this narrative review, we cover the current literature on IGF-1, its mechanism of action, in vitro cell cultures (tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells), as well as in vivo experiments. We conclude from this overview that IGF-1 is a potent stimulus for improving tendon healing due to its inherent support of cell proliferation, DNA and matrix synthesis, particularly collagen I, which is the main component of tendon tissue. Nevertheless, more in vivo studies have to be performed in order to pave the way for an IGF-1 application in orthopedic clinics.
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Shiroud Heidari B, Ruan R, Vahabli E, Chen P, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Zheng M, Doyle B. Natural, synthetic and commercially-available biopolymers used to regenerate tendons and ligaments. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:179-197. [PMID: 35510172 PMCID: PMC9034322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament (TL) injuries affect millions of people annually. Biopolymers play a significant role in TL tissue repair, whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering strategies or using artificial tendon grafts. The biopolymer governs the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, degradation, and fabrication method of the TL scaffold. Many natural, synthetic and hybrid biopolymers have been studied in TL regeneration, often combined with therapeutic agents and minerals to engineer novel scaffold systems. However, most of the advanced biopolymers have not advanced to clinical use yet. Here, we aim to review recent biopolymers and discuss their features for TL tissue engineering. After introducing the properties of the native tissue, we discuss different types of natural, synthetic and hybrid biopolymers used in TL tissue engineering. Then, we review biopolymers used in commercial absorbable and non-absorbable TL grafts. Finally, we explain the challenges and future directions for the development of novel biopolymers in TL regenerative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shiroud Heidari
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Rui Ruan
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Division of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Vahabli
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peilin Chen
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Division of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Elena M. De-Juan-Pardo
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Division of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Barry Doyle
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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Dang R, Chen L, Sefat F, Li X, Liu S, Yuan X, Ning X, Zhang YS, Ji P, Zhang X. A Natural Hydrogel with Prohealing Properties Enhances Tendon Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105255. [PMID: 35304821 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tendon regeneration and reduction of peritendinous adhesion remain major clinical challenges. This study addresses these challenges by adopting a unique hydrogel derived from the skin secretion of Andrias davidianus (SSAD) and taking advantage of its biological effects, adhesiveness, and controllable microstructures. The SSAD-derived hydrogel contains many cytokines, which could promote tendon healing. In vitro, leach liquid of SSAD powder could promote tendon stem/progenitor cells migration. In vivo, the SSAD-derived hydrogel featuring double layers possesses strong adhesiveness and could reconnect ruptured Achilles tendons of Sprague-Dawley rats without suturing. The intimal SSAD-derived hydrogel, with a pore size of 241.7 ± 21.0 µm, forms the first layer of the hydrogel to promote tendon healing, and the outer layer SSAD-derived hydrogel, with a pore size of 3.3 ± 1.4 µm, reducing peritendinous adhesion by serving as a dense barrier. Additionally, the SSAD-derived hydrogel exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics, which further contribute to the reduction of peritendinous adhesion. In vivo studies suggest that the SSAD-derived hydrogel reduces peritendinous adhesion, increases collagen fiber deposition, promotes cell proliferation, and improves the biomechanical properties of the regenerated tendons, indicating better functional restoration. The SSAD-derived bilayer hydrogel may be a feasible biomaterial for tendon repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Dang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Liling Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science and Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
- Biomedical and Electronics Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Xian Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Xulei Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Ning
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
| | - Ximu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, P. R. China
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Chen CH, Li DL, Chuang ADC, Dash BS, Chen JP. Tension Stimulation of Tenocytes in Aligned Hyaluronic Acid/Platelet-Rich Plasma-Polycaprolactone Core-Sheath Nanofiber Membrane Scaffold for Tendon Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011215. [PMID: 34681872 PMCID: PMC8537129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To recreate the in vivo niche for tendon tissue engineering in vitro, the characteristics of tendon tissue underlines the use of biochemical and biophysical cues during tenocyte culture. Herein, we prepare core-sheath nanofibers with polycaprolactone (PCL) sheath for mechanical support and hyaluronic acid (HA)/platelet-rich plasma (PRP) core for growth factor delivery. Three types of core-sheath nanofiber membrane scaffolds (CSNMS), consisting of random HA-PCL nanofibers (Random), random HA/PRP-PCL nanofibers (Random+) or aligned HA/PRP-PCL (Align+) nanofibers, were used to study response of rabbit tenocytes to biochemical (PRP) and biophysical (fiber alignment) stimulation. The core-sheath structures as well as other pertinent properties of CSNMS have been characterized, with Align+ showing the best mechanical properties. The unidirectional growth of tenocytes, as induced by aligned fiber topography, was confirmed from cell morphology and cytoskeleton expression. The combined effects of PRP and fiber alignment in Align+ CSNMS lead to enhanced cell proliferation rates, as well as upregulated gene expression and marker protein synthesis. Another biophysical cue on tenocytes was introduced by dynamic culture of tenocyte-seeded Align+ in a bioreactor with cyclic tension stimulation. Augmented by this biophysical beacon from mechanical loading, dynamic cell culture could shorten the time for tendon maturation in vitro, with improved cell proliferation rates and tenogenic phenotype maintenance, compared to static culture. Therefore, we successfully demonstrate how combined use of biochemical/topographical cues as well as mechanical stimulation could ameliorate cellular response of tenocytes in CSNMS, which can provide a functional in vitro environmental niche for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.D.-C.C.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Dai-Ling Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Andy Deng-Chi Chuang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (A.D.-C.C.)
| | - Banendu Sunder Dash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Collage of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (D.-L.L.); (B.S.D.)
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3211-8800
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10
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Williamson PM, Freedman BR, Kwok N, Beeram I, Pennings J, Johnson J, Hamparian D, Cohen E, Galloway JL, Ramappa AJ, DeAngelis JP, Nazarian A. Tendinopathy and tendon material response to load: What we can learn from small animal studies. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:43-56. [PMID: 34325074 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a debilitating disease that causes as much as 30% of all musculoskeletal consultations. Existing treatments for tendinopathy have variable efficacy, possibly due to incomplete characterization of the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanical load can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on tendon, as the overall tendon response depends on the degree, frequency, timing, and magnitude of the load. The clinical continuum model of tendinopathy offers insight into the late stages of tendinopathy, but it does not capture the subclinical tendinopathic changes that begin before pain or loss of function. Small animal models that use high tendon loading to mimic human tendinopathy may be able to fill this knowledge gap. The goal of this review is to summarize the insights from in-vivo animal studies of mechanically-induced tendinopathy and higher loading regimens into the mechanical, microstructural, and biological features that help characterize the continuum between normal tendon and tendinopathy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review summarizes the insights gained from in-vivo animal studies of mechanically-induced tendinopathy by evaluating the effect high loading regimens have on the mechanical, structural, and biological features of tendinopathy. A better understanding of the interplay between these realms could lead to improved patient management, especially in the presence of painful tendon.
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11
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Ryan C, Pugliese E, Shologu N, Gaspar D, Rooney P, Islam MN, O'Riordan A, Biggs M, Griffin M, Zeugolis D. A combined physicochemical approach towards human tenocyte phenotype maintenance. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100130. [PMID: 34632361 PMCID: PMC8488312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During in vitro culture, bereft of their optimal tissue context, tenocytes lose their phenotype and function. Considering that tenocytes in their native tissue milieu are exposed simultaneously to manifold signals, combination approaches (e.g. growth factor supplementation and mechanical stimulation) are continuously gaining pace to control cell fate during in vitro expansion, albeit with limited success due to the literally infinite number of possible permutations. In this work, we assessed the potential of scalable and potent physicochemical approaches that control cell fate (substrate stiffness, anisotropic surface topography, collagen type I coating) and enhance extracellular matrix deposition (macromolecular crowding) in maintaining human tenocyte phenotype in culture. Cell morphology was primarily responsive to surface topography. The tissue culture plastic induced the largest nuclei area, the lowest aspect ratio, and the highest focal adhesion kinase. Collagen type I coating increased cell number and metabolic activity. Cell viability was not affected by any of the variables assessed. Macromolecular crowding intensely enhanced and accelerated native extracellular matrix deposition, albeit not in an aligned fashion, even on the grooved substrates. Gene analysis at day 14 revealed that the 130 kPa grooved substrate without collagen type I coating and under macromolecular crowding conditions positively regulated human tenocyte phenotype. Collectively, this work illustrates the beneficial effects of combined physicochemical approaches in controlling cell fate during in vitro expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.N.M. Ryan
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - E. Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - N. Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - D. Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - P. Rooney
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Md N. Islam
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - A. O'Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - M.J. Biggs
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - M.D. Griffin
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - D.I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Cellular Technologies in Traumatology: From Cells to Tissue Engineering. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries and degenerative changes of tendons are common damages of the musculoskeletal system. Due to its hypovascular character the tendon has a limited natural ability to recover. For typical surgical treatment, the tendon integrity is restored, but in most cases, there occurs formation of the connective tissue scar resulting in structural and mechanical functionality disruption. The insufficient effectiveness of traditional therapy methods requires the search for alternative ways to restore damaged tendon tissues. This article discusses new effective methods for improving the treatment that base on the use of cellular technologies among which one of the main directions is mesenchymal stem cell application. Due to mesenchymal stem cells, there is a shift from pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory reactions of cells to pro-regenerative ones. Stem cells being multipotent and having among other things tenogenic potential are considered a promising material for repairing damaged tendons. The article also describes the sources of progenitor tendon cells including the tendon bundles and pericytes the main markers of which are Scx and Mkx that are proteins of the transcription factor superfamily, and Tnmd that is transmembrane glycoprotein.The growth factors that not only enhance the proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells but also promote in vitro tenogenic genes expression as well as the collagen Itype production what is necessary for tendon formation are considered. Along with growth factors, the morphogenetic protein BMP14 is presented, this protein increases themesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes directed tenogenic differentiation of these cells, suppressing their adipogenic and chondrogenic potentials.In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have been used both separately and in combination with various growth factors and different three-dimensional structures providing the interaction with all of the cell types.The issues of the latest 3D-bioprinting technology allowing to make tissue-like structures for replacement damaged tissues and organs are discussed. 3D-bioprinting technology is known to allow acting exact spatio-temporal control of the distribution of cells, growth factors, small molecules, drugs and biologically active substances.
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Ruiz-Alonso S, Lafuente-Merchan M, Ciriza J, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Tendon tissue engineering: Cells, growth factors, scaffolds and production techniques. J Control Release 2021; 333:448-486. [PMID: 33811983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a global health problem that affects millions of people annually. The properties of tendons make their natural rehabilitation a very complex and long-lasting process. Thanks to the development of the fields of biomaterials, bioengineering and cell biology, a new discipline has emerged, tissue engineering. Within this discipline, diverse approaches have been proposed. The obtained results turn out to be promising, as increasingly more complex and natural tendon-like structures are obtained. In this review, the nature of the tendon and the conventional treatments that have been applied so far are underlined. Then, a comparison between the different tendon tissue engineering approaches that have been proposed to date is made, focusing on each of the elements necessary to obtain the structures that allow adequate regeneration of the tendon: growth factors, cells, scaffolds and techniques for scaffold development. The analysis of all these aspects allows understanding, in a global way, the effect that each element used in the regeneration of the tendon has and, thus, clarify the possible future approaches by making new combinations of materials, designs, cells and bioactive molecules to achieve a personalized regeneration of a functional tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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14
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Wang D, Zhang X, Huang S, Liu Y, Fu BSC, Mak KKL, Blocki AM, Yung PSH, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Engineering multi-tissue units for regenerative Medicine: Bone-tendon-muscle units of the rotator cuff. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120789. [PMID: 33845368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our body systems are comprised of numerous multi-tissue units. For the musculoskeletal system, one of the predominant functional units is comprised of bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle tissues working in tandem to facilitate locomotion. To successfully treat musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, critical consideration and thoughtful integration of clinical, biological, and engineering aspects are necessary to achieve translational bench-to-bedside research. In particular, identifying ideal biomaterial design specifications, understanding prior and recent tissue engineering advances, and judicious application of biomaterial and fabrication technologies will be crucial for addressing current clinical challenges in engineering multi-tissue units. Using rotator cuff tears as an example, insights relevant for engineering a bone-tendon-muscle multi-tissue unit are presented. This review highlights the tissue engineering strategies for musculoskeletal repair and regeneration with implications for other bone-tendon-muscle units, their derivatives, and analogous non-musculoskeletal tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shuting Huang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bruma Sai-Chuen Fu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Anna Maria Blocki
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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15
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Tsiapalis D, Kearns S, Kelly JL, Zeugolis DI. Growth factor and macromolecular crowding supplementation in human tenocyte culture. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 1:100009. [PMID: 36825160 PMCID: PMC9934496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-assembled tissue engineering strategies hold great potential in regenerative medicine, as three-dimensional tissue-like modules can be produced, even from a patient's own cells. However, the development of such implantable devices requires prolonged in vitro culture time, which is associated with cell phenotypic drift. Considering that the cells in vivo are subjected to numerous stimuli, multifactorial approaches are continuously gaining pace towards controlling cell fate during in vitro expansion. Herein, we assessed the synergistic effect of simultaneous and serial growth factor supplementation (insulin growth factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor ββ, growth differentiation factor 5 and transforming growth factor β3) to macromolecular crowding (carrageenan) in human tenocyte function; collagen synthesis and deposition; and gene expression. TGFβ3 supplementation (without/with carrageenan) induced the highest (among all groups) DNA content. In all cases, tenocyte proliferation was significantly increased as a function of time in culture, whilst metabolic activity was not affected. Carrageenan supplementation induced significantly higher collagen deposition than groups without carrageenan (without/with any growth factor). Of all the growth factors used, TGFβ3 induced the highest collagen deposition when used together with carrageenan in both simultaneous and serial fashion. At day 13, gene expression analysis revealed that TGFβ3 in serial supplementation to carrageenan upregulated the most and downregulated the least collagen- and tendon- related genes and upregulated the least and downregulated the most osteo-, chondro-, fibrosis- and adipose- related trans-differentiation genes. Collectively, these data clearly advocate the beneficial effects of multifactorial approaches (in this case, growth factor and macromolecular crowding supplementation) in the development of functional cell-assembled tissue surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsiapalis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Corresponding authors.
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16
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Yuan H, Li X, Lee MS, Zhang Z, Li B, Xuan H, Li WJ, Zhang Y. Collagen and chondroitin sulfate functionalized bioinspired fibers for tendon tissue engineering application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:248-260. [PMID: 33359806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional tendon tissue engineering depends on harnessing the biochemical and biophysical cues of the native tendon extracellular matrix. In this study, we fabricated highly-aligned poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers with surfaces decorated by two of the crucial tendon ECM components, type 1 collagen (COL1) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), through a coaxial stable jet electrospinning approach. Effects of the biomimetic COL1-CS (shell)/PLLA (core) fibers on the tenogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro were investigated. Higher rates of cell spreading and proliferation are observed on the aligned COL1-CS/PLLA fibers compared to that on the plain PLLA fibers. Expression of the tendon-associated genes scleraxis (SCX) and COL1 as well as protein tenomodulin (TNMD) are significantly increased. Introduction of mechanical stimulation gives rise to synergistic effect on tenogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Higher expression of TGF-β2, TGFβR-II, and Smad3 by the cells on the COL1-CS/PLLA fiber substrates are observed, which indicates that COL1-CS/PLLA ultrafine fibers dictate the hMSC tenogenic differentiation through activating the TGF-β signaling pathway. Animal study in rat Achilles tendon repair model corroborated the promoting role of COL1-CS/PLLA in regenerating a tendon-like tissue. Thus, our highly aligned biomimicking fibers may serve as an efficient scaffolding system for functional tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhuojun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Biyun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongyun Xuan
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanzhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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17
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Dede Eren A, Vasilevich A, Eren ED, Sudarsanam P, Tuvshindorj U, de Boer J, Foolen J. Tendon-Derived Biomimetic Surface Topographies Induce Phenotypic Maintenance of Tenocytes In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1023-1036. [PMID: 33045937 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tenocyte niche contains biochemical and biophysical signals that are needed for tendon homeostasis. The tenocyte phenotype is correlated with cell shape in vivo and in vitro, and shape-modifying cues are needed for tenocyte phenotypical maintenance. Indeed, cell shape changes from elongated to spread when cultured on a flat surface, and rat tenocytes lose the expression of phenotypical markers throughout five passages. We hypothesized that tendon gene expression can be preserved by culturing cells in the native tendon shape. To this end, we reproduced the tendon topographical landscape into tissue culture polystyrene, using imprinting technology. We confirmed that the imprints forced the cells into a more elongated shape, which correlated with the level of Scleraxis expression. When we cultured the tenocytes for 7 days on flat surfaces and tendon imprints, we observed a decline in tenogenic marker expression on flat but not on imprints. This research demonstrates that native tendon topography is an important factor contributing to the tenocyte phenotype. Tendon imprints therefore provide a powerful platform to explore the effect of instructive cues originating from native tendon topography on guiding cell shape, phenotype, and function of tendon-related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksey Vasilevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Deniz Eren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Phanikrishna Sudarsanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Urandelger Tuvshindorj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Instructive Biomaterial Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Foolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Dewey MJ, Nosatov AV, Subedi K, Harley B. Anisotropic mineralized collagen scaffolds accelerate osteogenic response in a glycosaminoglycan-dependent fashion. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15629-15641. [PMID: 32655857 PMCID: PMC7351350 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of critically-sized craniofacial bone defects requires a template to promote cell activity and bone remodeling. However, induced regeneration becomes more challenging with increasing defect size. Methods of repair using allografts and autografts have inconsistent results, attributed to age-related regenerative capabilities of bone. We are developing a mineralized collagen scaffold to promote craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration as an alternative to repair. Here, we hypothesize modifying the pore anisotropy and glycosaminoglycan content of the scaffold will improve cell migration, viability, and subsequent bone formation. Using anisotropic and isotropic scaffold variants, we test the role of pore orientation on human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) activity. We subsequently explore the role of glycosaminoglycan content, notably chondroitin-6-sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and heparin sulfate on mineralization. We find that while short term MSC migration and activity was not affected by pore orientation, increased bone mineral synthesis was observed in anisotropic scaffolds. Further, while scaffold glycosaminoglycan content did not impact cell viability, heparin sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate containing variants increased mineral formation at the late stage of in vitro culture, respectively. Overall, these findings show scaffold microstructural and proteoglycan modifications represent a powerful tool to improve MSC osteogenic activity. Mineralized collagen scaffolds were modified to include anisotropic pore architecture and one of three glycosaminoglycans in order to improve bone mineral formation in vitro.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brendan Harley
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, USA.,School of Chemical Sciences, USA.,Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, USA.,Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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19
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Tsiapalis D, De Pieri A, Spanoudes K, Sallent I, Kearns S, Kelly JL, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. The synergistic effect of low oxygen tension and macromolecular crowding in the development of extracellular matrix-rich tendon equivalents. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025018. [PMID: 31855856 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies play an important role in tendon tissue engineering, with tenocytes being the most prominent and potent cell population available. However, for the development of a rich extracellular matrix tenocyte-assembled tendon equivalent, prolonged in vitro culture is required, which is associated with phenotypic drift. Recapitulation of tendon tissue microenvironment in vitro with cues that enhance and accelerate extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition, whilst maintaining tenocyte phenotype, may lead to functional cell therapies. Herein, we assessed the synergistic effect of low oxygen tension (enhances extracellular matrix synthesis) and macromolecular crowding (enhances extracellular matrix deposition) in human tenocyte culture. Protein analysis demonstrated that human tenocytes at 2% oxygen tension and with 50 μg ml-1 carrageenan (macromolecular crowder used) significantly increased synthesis and deposition of collagen types I, III, V and VI. Gene analysis at day 7 illustrated that human tenocytes at 2% oxygen tension and with 50 μg ml-1 carrageenan significantly increased the expression of prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1, procollagen-lysine 2- oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2, scleraxis, tenomodulin and elastin, whilst chondrogenic (e.g. runt-related transcription factor 2, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, aggrecan) and osteogenic (e.g. secreted phosphoprotein 1, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein) trans-differentiation markers were significantly down-regulated or remained unchanged. Collectively, our data clearly illustrates the beneficial synergistic effect of low oxygen tension and macromolecular crowding in the accelerated development of tissue equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsiapalis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland. Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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20
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A comparison of the wound healing process after the application of three dermal substitutes with or without basic fibroblast growth factor impregnation in diabetic mice. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73:1547-1555. [PMID: 32487360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pelnac GplusⓇ, IntegraⓇ, and TerudermisⓇ are approved artificial dermis products in Japan. Previously, we proved that Pelnac GplusⓇ was able to sustain basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and accelerated wound healing by releasing impregnated bFGF. In this study, we impregnated Pelnac GplusⓇ, IntegraⓇ, and TerudermisⓇ with bFGF and compared the binding activity and wound-healing process. We applied bFGF to each material and compared the bFGF concentrations in the surrounding area after 24-h incubation. For the in vivo study, dermal substitutes were impregnated with bFGF and implanted into full-thickness wounds of BKS.Cg-+Leprdb/+Leprdb/Jcl mice. Wounds were evaluated at days 7, 14, and 21 after implantation. The in vitro study showed that bFGF is strongly bound to IntegraⓇ, followed by Pelnac GplusⓇ and TerudermisⓇ. The in vivo study showed that fibroblasts and capillaries had infiltrated into the Pelnac GplusⓇ but not the IntegraⓇ or TerudermisⓇ. Furthermore, long epithelium and wide granulation tissue were formed in the Pelnac GplusⓇ with bFGF group. The TerudermisⓇ with bFGF group had more capillaries than other groups, but only at the base of the wound. The combination of Pelnac GplusⓇ with bFGF may be a novel approach for treating full-thickness skin defects or chronic skin ulcers.
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21
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Nguyen PK, Baek K, Deng F, Criscione JD, Tuan RS, Kuo CK. Tendon Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Tiffany AS, Dewey MJ, Harley BAC. Sequential sequestrations increase the incorporation and retention of multiple growth factors in mineralized collagen scaffolds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26982-26996. [PMID: 33767853 PMCID: PMC7990239 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03872e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma induced injuries of the mouth, jaw, face, and related structures present unique clinical challenges due to their large size and complex geometry. Growth factor signaling coordinates the behavior of multiple cell types following an injury, and effective coordination of growth factor availability within a biomaterial can be critical for accelerating bone healing. Mineralized collagen scaffolds are a class of degradable biomaterial whose biophysical and compositional parameters can be adjusted to facilitate cell invasion and tissue remodeling. Here we describe the use of modified simulated body fluid treatments to enable sequential sequestration of bone morphogenic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor into mineralized collagen scaffolds for bone repair. We report the capability of these scaffolds to sequester 60–90% of growth factor from solution without additional crosslinking treatments and show high levels of retention for individual (>94%) and multiple growth factors (>88%) that can be layered into the material via sequential sequestration steps. Sequentially sequestering growth factors allows prolonged release of growth factors in vitro (>94%) and suggests the potential to improve healing of large-scale bone injury models in vivo. Future work will utilize this sequestration method to induce cellular activities critical to bone healing such as vessel formation and cell migration. Trauma induced injuries of the mouth, jaw, face, and related structures present unique clinical challenges due to their large size and complex geometry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleczandria S Tiffany
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marley J Dewey
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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23
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Li Z, Xiang S, Li EN, Fritch MR, Alexander PG, Lin H, Tuan RS. Tissue Engineering for Musculoskeletal Regeneration and Disease Modeling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 265:235-268. [PMID: 33471201 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries and associated conditions are the leading cause of physical disability worldwide. The concept of tissue engineering has opened up novel approaches to repair musculoskeletal defects in a fast and/or efficient manner. Biomaterials, cells, and signaling molecules constitute the tissue engineering triad. In the past 40 years, significant progress has been made in developing and optimizing all three components, but only a very limited number of technologies have been successfully translated into clinical applications. A major limiting factor of this barrier to translation is the insufficiency of two-dimensional cell cultures and traditional animal models in informing the safety and efficacy of in-human applications. In recent years, microphysiological systems, often referred to as organ or tissue chips, generated according to tissue engineering principles, have been proposed as the next-generation drug testing models. This chapter aims to first review the current tissue engineering-based approaches that are being applied to fabricate and develop the individual critical elements involved in musculoskeletal organ/tissue chips. We next highlight the general strategy of generating musculoskeletal tissue chips and their potential in future regenerative medicine research. Exemplary microphysiological systems mimicking musculoskeletal tissues are described. With sufficient physiological accuracy and relevance, the human cell-derived, three-dimensional, multi-tissue systems have been used to model a number of orthopedic disorders and to test new treatments. We anticipate that the novel emerging tissue chip technology will continually reshape and improve our understanding of human musculoskeletal pathophysiology, ultimately accelerating the development of advanced pharmaceutics and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shiqi Xiang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eileen N Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madalyn R Fritch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Baldwin M, Snelling S, Dakin S, Carr A. Augmenting endogenous repair of soft tissues with nanofibre scaffolds. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2018.0019. [PMID: 29695606 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As our ability to engineer nanoscale materials has developed we can now influence endogenous cellular processes with increasing precision. Consequently, the use of biomaterials to induce and guide the repair and regeneration of tissues is a rapidly developing area. This review focuses on soft tissue engineering, it will discuss the types of biomaterial scaffolds available before exploring physical, chemical and biological modifications to synthetic scaffolds. We will consider how these properties, in combination, can provide a precise design process, with the potential to meet the requirements of the injured and diseased soft tissue niche. Finally, we frame our discussions within clinical trial design and the regulatory framework, the consideration of which is fundamental to the successful translation of new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Baldwin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Shojaee A, Parham A. Strategies of tenogenic differentiation of equine stem cells for tendon repair: current status and challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:181. [PMID: 31215490 PMCID: PMC6582602 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries, as one of the most common orthopedic disorders, are the major cause of early retirement or wastage among sport horses which mainly affect the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). Tendon repair is a slow process, and tendon tissue is often replaced by scar tissue. The current treatment options are often followed by an incomplete recovery that increases the susceptibility to re-injury. Recently, cell therapy has been used in veterinary medicine to treat tendon injuries, although the risk of ectopic bone formation after cell injection is possible in some cases. In vitro tenogenic induction may overcome the mentioned risk in clinical application. Moreover, a better understanding of treatment strategies for musculoskeletal injuries in horse may have future applications for human and vice versa. This comprehensive review outlines the current strategies of stem cell therapy in equine tendon injury and in vitro tenogenic induction of equine stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Shojaee
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Parham
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Walia B, Huang AH. Tendon stem progenitor cells: Understanding the biology to inform therapeutic strategies for tendon repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1270-1280. [PMID: 30270569 PMCID: PMC6823601 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are a leading cause of healthcare visits with significant impact in terms of economic cost and reduced quality of life. To date, reparative strategies remain largely restricted to conservative treatment or surgical repair. However, these therapies fail to restore native tendon structure and function; thus, the tissue may re-rupture or degenerate with time. To improve tendon healing, one promising strategy may be harnessing the innate potential of resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) to guide tenogenic regeneration. In this review, we outline recent advances in the identification and characterization of putative TSPC populations, and discuss biochemical, biomechanical, and biomaterial methods employed for their culture and differentiation. Finally, we identify limitations in our current understanding of TSPC biology, key challenges for their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1270-1280, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavita Walia
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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27
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Rajpar I, Barrett JG. Optimizing growth factor induction of tenogenesis in three-dimensional culture of mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419848776. [PMID: 31205672 PMCID: PMC6535701 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419848776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue stem cells have shown promise for the treatment of debilitating tendon injuries. However, few comparisons of stem cells from different tissue sources have been made to determine the optimum stem cell source for treating tendon. Moreover, it is likely that the application of tenogenic growth factors will improve tendon stem cell treatments further, and a comprehensive comparison of a number of growth factors is needed. Thus far, different types of stem cells cannot be evaluated in a high-throughput manner. To this end, we have developed an approach to culture mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow in collagen type I hydrogels with tenogenic growth factors using economical, commercially available supplies. To optimize growth factors for this assay, FGF-2, TGF-β1, IGF-1, and/or BMP-12 were tested singly and in novel combinations of (1) BMP-12 and IGF-1, (2) TGF-β1 and IGF-1, and/or (3) BMP-12 and FGF-2 over 10 days. Our data suggest that BMP-12 supplementation alone results in the strongest expression of tendon marker genes, controlled contractility of constructs, a higher degree of cell alignment, and tendon-like tissue morphology. This easy-to-use benchtop assay can be used to screen novel sources of stem cells and cell lines for tissue engineering and tendon healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam Rajpar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer G Barrett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, VA, USA
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28
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Rieu C, Parisi C, Mosser G, Haye B, Coradin T, Fernandes FM, Trichet L. Topotactic Fibrillogenesis of Freeze-Cast Microridged Collagen Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14672-14683. [PMID: 30913387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I collagen is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In vitro, under a narrow window of physicochemical conditions, type I collagen self-assembles to form complex supramolecular architectures reminiscent of those found in native ECM. Presently, a major challenge in collagen-based biomaterials is to couple the delicate collagen fibrillogenesis events with a controlled shaping process in non-denaturating conditions. In this work, an ice-templating approach promoting the structuration of collagen into macroporous monoliths is used. Instead of common solvent removal procedures, a new topotactic conversion approach yielding self-assembled ordered fibrous materials is implemented. These collagen-only, non-cross-linked scaffolds exhibit uncommon mechanical properties in the wet state, with a Young's modulus of 33 ± 12 kPa, an ultimate tensile stress of 33 ± 6 kPa, and a strain at failure of 105 ± 28%. With the help of the ice-patterned microridge features, normal human dermal fibroblasts and C2C12 murine myoblasts successfully migrate and form highly aligned populations within the resulting three-dimensional (3D) collagen scaffolds. These results open a new pathway to the development of new tissue engineering scaffolds ordered across various organization levels from the molecule to the macropore and are of particular interest for biomedical applications where large-scale 3D cell alignment is needed such as for muscular or nerve reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Rieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Cleo Parisi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Gervaise Mosser
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Bernard Haye
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie Campus , 4 place Jussieu , 75252 Paris Cedex 05 , France
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29
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Hortensius RA, Ebens JH, Dewey MJ, Harley BAC. Incorporation of the Amniotic Membrane as an Immunomodulatory Design Element in Collagen Scaffolds for Tendon Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:4367-4377. [PMID: 30693317 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries often require surgical intervention and even then result in poor outcomes due to scar formation and repeated failure. Biomaterial implants offer the potential to address multiple underlying concerns preventing improved tendon repair. Here, we describe modifications to the composition of an anisotropic collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold biomaterial, incorporating amniotic membrane (AM)-derived matrix to alter the inflammatory response and establish conditions for improved regenerative repair. We explored two methods of AM matrix incorporation to address multiple concerns associated with tendon repair. Amniotic membrane-derived matrix was incorporated directly into the scaffold microstructure during fabrication to form a C/AM composite. Alternatively, decellularized amniotic matrix was wrapped around the traditional collagen-chondroitin sulfate (C/CS) scaffold to form a core-shell composite (C/CS plus AM wrap) in a manner similar to current collagen membrane wraps used in rotator cuff and Achilles tendon surgeries to improve the mechanical strength of the repair. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured within these materials were evaluated for metabolic health and immunomodulatory gene expression in response to inflammatory media challenge of interleukin 1 β and tumor necrosis factor α. The scaffolds were able to maintain MSC metabolic activity in all media conditions over the course of a 7 day culture. Expression of genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated in AM containing scaffolds, suggesting the potential to employ AM-modified CG scaffolds for tendon-repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hortensius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jill H Ebens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marley J Dewey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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30
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Grier WK, Tiffany AS, Ramsey MD, Harley BA. Incorporating β-cyclodextrin into collagen scaffolds to sequester growth factors and modulate mesenchymal stem cell activity. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:116-125. [PMID: 29944975 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomaterials for a range of tissue engineering applications increasingly requires control over the bioavailability of biomolecular cues such as growth factors in order to promote desired cell responses. While efforts have predominantly concentrated on covalently-bound or freely-diffusible incorporation of biomolecules in porous, three-dimensional biomaterials, opportunities exist to exploit transient interactions to concentrate growth factor activity over desired time frames. Here, we report the incorporation of β-cyclodextrin into a model collagen-GAG scaffold as a means to exploit the passive sequestration and release of growth factors via guest-host interactions to control mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Collagen-GAG scaffolds that incorporate β-cyclodextrin show improved sequestration as well as extended retention and release of TGF-β1. We further show extended retention and release of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 from β-cyclodextrin modified scaffolds was sufficient to influence the metabolic activity and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells as well as differential activation of Smad 2/3 and Smad 1/5/8 pathways associated with differential osteo-chondral differentiation. Further, gene expression analysis showed TGF-β1 release from β-cyclodextrin CG scaffolds promoted early chondrogenic-specific differentiation. Ultimately, this work establishes a novel method for the incorporation and display of growth factors within CG scaffolds via supramolecular interactions. Such a design framework offers opportunities to selectively alter the bioavailability of multiple biomolecules within a three-dimensional collagen-GAG scaffold to enhance cell activity for a range of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We describe the incorporation of β-cyclodextrin into a model CG-scaffold under development for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. We show β-cyclodextrin modified scaffolds promote the sequestration of soluble TGF-β1 and BMP-2 via guest-host interactions, leading to extended retention and release. Further, β-cyclodextrin modified CG scaffolds promote TGF-β1 or BMP-2 specific Smad signaling pathway activation associated with divergent osseous versus chondrogenic differentiation pathways in mesenchymal stem cells.
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31
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Li J, Weber E, Guth-Gundel S, Schuleit M, Kuttler A, Halleux C, Accart N, Doelemeyer A, Basler A, Tigani B, Wuersch K, Fornaro M, Kneissel M, Stafford A, Freedman BR, Mooney DJ. Tough Composite Hydrogels with High Loading and Local Release of Biological Drugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701393. [PMID: 29441702 PMCID: PMC6192424 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are under active development for controlled drug delivery, but their clinical translation is limited by low drug loading capacity, deficiencies in mechanical toughness and storage stability, and poor control over the drug release that often results in burst release and short release duration. This work reports a design of composite clay hydrogels, which simultaneously achieve a spectrum of mechanical, storage, and drug loading/releasing properties to address the critical needs from translational perspectives. The clay nanoparticles provide large surface areas to adsorb biological drugs, and assemble into microparticles that are physically trapped within and toughen hydrogel networks. The composite hydrogels demonstrate feasibility of storage, and extended release of large quantities of an insulin-like growth factor-1 mimetic protein (8 mg mL-1 ) over four weeks. The release rate is primarily governed by ionic exchange and can be upregulated by low pH, which is typical for injured tissues. A rodent model of Achilles tendon injury is used to demonstrate that the composite hydrogels allow for highly extended and localized release of biological drugs in vivo, while demonstrating biodegradation and biocompatibility. These attributes make the composite hydrogel a promising system for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Li
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Eckhard Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Guth-Gundel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schuleit
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kuttler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Christine Halleux
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Accart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anne Basler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Kuno Wuersch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Mara Fornaro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Kneissel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Stafford
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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32
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Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Lee J, Ahmad T, Kim EM, Byun H, Lee S, Shin H. Harnessing biochemical and structural cues for tenogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and development of an in vitro tissue interface mimicking tendon-bone insertion graft. Biomaterials 2018. [PMID: 29522987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tendon-bone interface tissue is extremely challenging to engineer because it exhibits complex gradients of structure, composition, biologics, and cellular phenotypes. As a step toward engineering these transitional zones, we initially analyzed how different (topographical or biological) cues affect tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We immobilized platelet-derived growth factor - BB (PDGF-BB) using polydopamine (PD) chemistry on random and aligned nanofibers and investigated ADSC proliferation and tenogenic differentiation. Immobilized PDGF greatly enhanced the proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs; however, nanofiber alignment had no effect. Interestingly, the PDGF immobilized aligned nanofiber group showed a synergistic effect with maximum expression of tenogenic markers for 14 days. We also generated a nanofiber surface with spatially controlled presentation of immobilized PDGF on an aligned architecture, mimicking native tendon tissue. A gradient of immobilized PDGF was able to control the phenotypic differentiation of ADSCs into tenocytes in a spatially controlled manner, as confirmed by analysis of the expression of tenogenic markers and immunofluorescence staining. We further explored the gradient formation strategy by generation of a symmetrical gradient on the nanofiber surface for the generation of a structure mimicking bone-patellar-tendon-bone with provision for gradient immobilization of PDGF and controlled mineralization. Our study reveals that, together with biochemical cues, favorable topographical cues are important for tenogenic differentiation of ADSCs, and gradient presentation of PDGF can be used as a tool for engineering stem cell-based bone-tendon interface tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakkat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Byun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Musson DS, Tay ML, Chhana A, Pool B, Coleman B, Naot D, Cornish J. Lactoferrin and parathyroid hormone are not harmful to primary tenocytes in vitro, but PDGF may be. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2017; 7:215-222. [PMID: 29264331 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Recently, bone-active factors such as parathyroid hormone and lactoferrin, have been used in pre-clinical models to promote tendon healing. How-ever, there is limited understanding of how these boneactive factors may affect the cells of the ten-don themselves. Here, we present an in vitro study assessing the effects of parathyroid hor-mone and lactoferrin on primary tendon cells (tenocytes), and compare their responses to the tenogenic factors, PDGF, IGF-1 and TGF-β. Materials and Methods Tenocyte proliferation and collagen production were assessed by alamarBlue® and Sirius red as-says, respectively. To assess tenocyte trans-differentiation, changes in the expression of genes important in tenocyte, chondrocyte and osteoblast biology were determined using real-time PCR. Results Parathyroid hormone and lactoferrin had no effect on tenocyte growth or collagen production, with minimal changes in gene expression and no detrimental effects observed to suggest trans-differentiation away from tendon cell behaviour. Tenogenic factors PDGF, IGF-1 and TGF all increasetenocyte collagen production, however, the gene expression data suggests that PDGF promotes severe de-differentiation of the tenocytes. Discussion Our findings suggest that using parathyroid hormone or lactoferrin as a singular factor to promote tendon healing may not be of benefit, but for use in tendon-bone healing there would be no detrimental effect on the tendon itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Lin Tay
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashika Chhana
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Different culture conditions affect the growth of human tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) within a mixed tendon cells (TCs) population. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:8. [PMID: 28244027 PMCID: PMC5328904 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tendon resident cells (TCs) are a mixed population made of terminally differentiated tenocytes and tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Since the enrichment of progenitors proportion could enhance the effectiveness of treatments based on these cell populations, the interest on the effect of culture conditions on the TSPCs is growing. In this study the clonal selection and the culture in presence or absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were used to assess their influences on the stemness properties and phenotype specific features of tendon cells. Methods Cells cultured with the different methods were analyzed in terms of clonogenic and differentiation abilities, stem and tendon specific genes expression and immunophenotype at passage 2 and passage 4. Results The clonal selection allowed to isolate cells with a higher multi-differentiation potential, but at the same time a lower proliferation rate in comparison to the whole population. Moreover, the clones express a higher amounts of stemness marker OCT4 and tendon specific transcription factor Scleraxis (SCX) mRNA, but a lower level of decorin (DCN). On the other hand, the number of cells obtained by clonal selection was extremely low and most of the clones were unable to reach a high number of passages in cultures. The presence of bFGF influences TCs morphology, enhance their proliferation rate and reduce their clonogenic ability. Interestingly, the expression of CD54, a known mesenchymal stem cell marker, is reduced in presence of bFGF at early passages. Nevertheless, bFGF does not affect the chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of TCs and the expression of tendon specific markers, while it was able to downregulate the OCT4 expression. Conclusion This study showed that clonal selection enhance progenitors content in TCs populations, but the extremely low number of cells produced with this method could represent an insurmountable obstacle to its application in clinical approaches. We observed that the addition of bFGF to the culture medium promotes the maintenance of a higher number of differentiated cells, reducing the proportion of progenitors within the whole population. Overall our findings demonstrated the importance of the use of specific culture protocols to obtain tendon cells for possible clinical applications.
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Farnebo S, Farnebo L, Kim M, Woon C, Pham H, Chang J. Optimized Repopulation of Tendon Hydrogel: Synergistic Effects of Growth Factor Combinations and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Hand (N Y) 2017; 12:68-77. [PMID: 28082847 PMCID: PMC5207276 DOI: 10.1177/1558944715628005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tendon-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel has been shown to augment tendon healing in vivo. We hypothesized that reseeding of the gel with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) could further assist repopulation of the gel and that combinations of growth factors (GFs) would improve the survival of these cells after reseeding. Methods: A tendon-specific ECM solution was supplemented with varying concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Gels were then seeded with ASCs transfected with a green fluorescent protein/luciferin construct. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay and histology, and GF and ASC augmented gels were injected into the back of Sprague Dawley rats. Bioluminescence of seeded gels was continuously followed after reseeding, and cell counts were performed after the gels were explanted at 14 days. Results: Synergistic effects of the GFs were seen, and an optimal combination was determined to be 10 ng/mL bFGF, 100 ng/mL IGF-1, and 100 ng/mL PDGF-BB (2.8-fold increase; P < .05). In vivo bioluminescence showed an improved initial survival of cells in gels supplemented with the optimal concentration of GF compared with the control group (10.6-fold increase at 8 days; P < .05). Cell counts of explants showed a dramatic endogenous repopulation of gels supplemented by GF + ASCs compared with both gels with GF but no ASCs (7.6-fold increase) and gels with ASCs but no GF (1.6-fold increase). Conclusion: Synergistic effects of GFs can be used to improve cellular proliferation of ASCs seeded to a tendon ECM gel. Reseeding with ASCs stimulates endogenous repopulation of the gel in vivo and may be used to further augment tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Farnebo
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Livermore, CA, USA,Linköping University, Sweden,Simon Farnebo, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 770 Welch Road, Suite 400, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | - Maxwell Kim
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Livermore, CA, USA,Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Colin Woon
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Livermore, CA, USA,Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Hung Pham
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Livermore, CA, USA,Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - James Chang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Livermore, CA, USA,Stanford University, CA, USA
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Li B, Jha RK, Qi YJ, Ni QB, Wang H, Chen B, Chen LB. Early cellular responses of BMSCs genetically modified with bFGF/BMP2 co-cultured with ligament fibroblasts in a three-dimensional model in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1578-1586. [PMID: 28025991 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a number of strategies including the implantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and growth factors have been developed to regenerate the tendon-to-bone interface after performing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, the mechanisms behind the interactions of the implanted BMSCs and tendon cells remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early cellular responses of BMSCs genetically modified with basic growth factor growth factor (bFGF)/bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) and ligament fibroblasts in a three-dimensional co-culture model. BMSCs and ligament fibroblasts were both isolated from male Wistar rats. The BMSCs were then transfected with an adenoviral vector carrying bFGF or BMP2. The transfected BMSCs and ligament fibroblasts both encapsulated in alginate beads were co-cultured for 6 days in three-dimensional model. On days 0, 3 and 6, cell proliferation was assayed. On day 6, the expression of several tendon-bone related markers was evaluated. In the co-culture system, bFGF and BMP2 were highly expressed at the mRNA and protein level. During the process, bFGF significantly promoted cell proliferation, as well as the expression of scleraxis (SCX) and collagen (COL) type Ⅰ (COL1) in the BMSCs; however, it markedly decreased the expression of phenotype markers in the ligament fibroblasts, including COL1 and COL3. BMP2 markedly increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the BMSCs and ligament fibroblasts, whereas it had no obvious effect on cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in the ligament fibroblasts. The combination of bFGF and BMP2 resulted in the similarly enhanced proliferation of BMSCs and ligament fibroblasts as observed with bFGF alone; however, this combination more potently promoted osteogenic differentiation than did BMP2 alone. The findings of our study demonstrate the superiority of the combined use of growth factors in inducing osteogenic differentiation and provide a theoretical foundation for the regeneration of the tendon-to-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ramesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qu-Bo Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liao-Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Grier WK, Iyoha EM, Harley BAC. The influence of pore size and stiffness on tenocyte bioactivity and transcriptomic stability in collagen-GAG scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 65:295-305. [PMID: 27614271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic injuries, particularly those involving tendons and ligaments, are some of the most commonly treated musculoskeletal ailments, but are associated with high costs and poor outcomes. A significant barrier in the design of biomaterials for tendon tissue engineering is the rapid de-differentiation observed for primary tenocytes once removed from the tendon body. Herein, we evaluate the use of an anisotropic collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffold as a tendon regeneration platform. We report the effects of structural properties of the scaffold (pore size, collagen fiber crosslinking density) on resultant tenocyte bioactivity, viability, and gene expression. In doing so we address a standing hypothesis that scaffold anisotropy and strut flexural rigidity (stiffness) co-regulate long-term maintenance of a tenocyte phenotype. We report changes in equine tenocyte specific gene expression profiles and bioactivity across a homologous series of anisotropic collagen scaffolds with defined changes in pore size and crosslinking density. Anisotropic scaffolds with higher crosslinking densities and smaller pore sizes were more able to resist cell-mediated contraction forces, promote increased tenocyte metabolic activity, and maintain and increase expression of tenogenic gene expression profiles. These results suggest that control over scaffold strut flexural rigidity via crosslinking and porosity provides an ideal framework to resolve structure-function maps relating the influence of scaffold anisotropy, stiffness, and nutrient biotransport on tenocyte-mediated scaffold remodeling and long-term phenotype maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Grier
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ehiremen M Iyoha
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Mozdzen LC, Rodgers R, Banks JM, Bailey RC, Harley BA. Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:25-33. [PMID: 26850145 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is a highly aligned connective tissue which transmits force from muscle to bone. Each year, people in the US sustain more than 32 million tendon injuries. To mitigate poor functional outcomes due to scar formation, current surgical techniques rely heavily on autografts. Biomaterial platforms and tissue engineering methods offer an alternative approach to address these injuries. Scaffolds incorporating aligned structural features can promote expansion of adult tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells capable of tenogenic differentiation. However, appropriate balance between scaffold bioactivity and mechanical strength of these constructs remains challenging. The high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration, nutrient and oxygen biotransport within three-dimensional constructs typically results in insufficient biomechanical strength. Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to create customizable arrays of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fibers that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair. Notably, mechanical performance of scaffold-fiber composites (elastic modulus, peak stress, strain at peak stress, and toughness) can be selectively manipulated by varying fiber-reinforcement geometry without affecting the native bioactivity of the collagen scaffold. Further, we report an approach to functionalize ABS fibers with activity-inducing growth factors via sequential oxygen plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking treatments. Together, we report an adaptable approach to control both mechanical strength and presence of biomolecular cues in a manner orthogonal to the architecture of the collagen scaffold itself. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tendon injuries account for more than 32 million injuries each year in the US alone. Current techniques use allografts to mitigate poor functional outcomes, but are not ideal platforms to induce functional regeneration following injury. Tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial substrates have significant potential for addressing these defects. However, the high porosity required to facilitate cell infiltration and nutrient transport often dictates that the resultant biomaterials has insufficient biomechanical strength. Here we describe the use of three-dimensional printing techniques to generate customizable fiber arrays from ABS polymer that can be incorporated into a collagen scaffold under development for tendon repair applications. Notably, the mechanical performance of the fiber-scaffold composite can be defined by the fiber array independent of the bioactivity of the collagen scaffold design. Further, the fiber array provides a substrate for growth factor delivery to aid healing.
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Vuornos K, Björninen M, Talvitie E, Paakinaho K, Kellomäki M, Huhtala H, Miettinen S, Seppänen-Kaijansinkko R, Haimi S. Human Adipose Stem Cells Differentiated on Braided Polylactide Scaffolds Is a Potential Approach for Tendon Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:513-23. [PMID: 26919401 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing number of musculoskeletal defects increases the demand for engineered tendon. Our aim was to find an efficient strategy to produce tendon-like matrix in vitro. To allow efficient differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) toward tendon tissue, we tested different medium compositions, biomaterials, and scaffold structures in preliminary tests. This is the first study to report that medium supplementation with 50 ng/mL of growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and 280 μM l-ascorbic acid are essential for tenogenic differentiation of hASCs. Tenogenic medium (TM) was shown to significantly enhance tendon-like matrix production of hASCs compared to other tested media groups. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation of hASCs were supported on braided poly(l/d)lactide (PLA) 96l/4d copolymer filament scaffolds in TM condition compared to foamed poly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (PLCL) 70L/30CL scaffolds. A uniform cell layer formed on braided PLA 96/4 scaffolds when hASCs were cultured in TM compared to maintenance medium (MM) condition after 14 days of culture. Furthermore, total collagen content and gene expression of tenogenic marker genes were significantly higher in TM condition after 2 weeks of culture. The elastic modulus of PLA 96/4 scaffold was more similar to the elastic modulus reported for native Achilles tendon. Our study showed that the optimized TM is needed for efficient and rapid in vitro tenogenic extracellular matrix production of hASCs. PLA 96/4 scaffolds together with TM significantly stimulated hASCs, thus demonstrating the potential clinical relevance of this novel and emerging approach to tendon injury treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Vuornos
- 1 Adult Stem Cells, BioMediTech, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Science Center, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere, Finland
| | - Miina Björninen
- 1 Adult Stem Cells, BioMediTech, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Science Center, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Talvitie
- 3 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaarlo Paakinaho
- 3 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- 3 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology , Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- 4 Tampere School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- 1 Adult Stem Cells, BioMediTech, University of Tampere , Tampere, Finland .,2 Science Center, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Seppänen-Kaijansinkko
- 5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland .,6 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Haimi
- 5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland .,7 Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
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Hortensius RA, Ebens JH, Harley BAC. Immunomodulatory effects of amniotic membrane matrix incorporated into collagen scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1332-42. [PMID: 26799369 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult tendon wound repair is characterized by the formation of disorganized collagen matrix which leads to decreases in mechanical properties and scar formation. Studies have linked this scar formation to the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Instructive biomaterials designed for tendon regeneration are often designed to provide both structural and cellular support. In order to facilitate regeneration, success may be found by tempering the body's inflammatory response. This work combines collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, previously developed for tissue regeneration, with matrix materials (hyaluronic acid and amniotic membrane) that have been shown to promote healing and decreased scar formation in skin studies. The results presented show that scaffolds containing amniotic membrane matrix have significantly increased mechanical properties and that tendon cells within these scaffolds have increased metabolic activity even when the media is supplemented with the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta. Collagen scaffolds containing hyaluronic acid or amniotic membrane also temper the expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response in normal tendon healing (TNF-α, COLI, MMP-3). These results suggest that alterations to scaffold composition, to include matrix known to decrease scar formation in vivo, can modify the inflammatory response in tenocytes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1332-1342, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hortensius
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Jill H Ebens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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Abbah SA, Delgado LM, Azeem A, Fuller K, Shologu N, Keeney M, Biggs MJ, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Harnessing Hierarchical Nano- and Micro-Fabrication Technologies for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2488-99. [PMID: 26667589 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells within a tissue are able to perceive, interpret and respond to the biophysical, biomechanical, and biochemical properties of the 3D extracellular matrix environment in which they reside. Such stimuli regulate cell adhesion, metabolic state, proliferation, migration, fate and lineage commitment, and ultimately, tissue morphogenesis and function. Current scaffold fabrication strategies in musculoskeletal tissue engineering seek to mimic the sophistication and comprehensiveness of nature to develop hierarchically assembled 3D implantable devices of different geometric dimensions (nano- to macrometric scales) that will offer control over cellular functions and ultimately achieve functional regeneration. Herein, advances and shortfalls of bottom-up (self-assembly, freeze-drying, rapid prototype, electrospinning) and top-down (imprinting) scaffold fabrication approaches, specific to musculoskeletal tissue engineering, are discussed and critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny A. Abbah
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Luis M. Delgado
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Ayesha Azeem
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Kieran Fuller
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Michael Keeney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford University CA USA
| | - Manus J. Biggs
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); Biosciences Research Building; National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway); Galway Ireland
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Theiss F, Mirsaidi A, Mhanna R, Kümmerle J, Glanz S, Bahrenberg G, Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. Use of biomimetic microtissue spheroids and specific growth factor supplementation to improve tenocyte differentiation and adaptation to a collagen-based scaffold in vitro. Biomaterials 2015; 69:99-109. [PMID: 26283157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tenocytes represent a valuable source of cells for the purposes of tendon tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and as such, should possess a high degree of tenogenic differentiation prior to their use in vivo in order to achieve maximal efficacy. In the current report, we identify an efficient means by which to maintain differentiated tenocytes in vitro by employing the hanging drop technique in combination with defined growth media supplements. Equine tenocytes retained a more differentiated state when cultured as scaffold-free microtissue spheroids in low serum-containing medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, insulin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. This was made evident by significant increases in the expression levels of pro-tenogenic markers collagen type I (COL1A2), collagen type III (COL3A1), scleraxis (SCX) and tenomodulin (TNMD), as well as by enhanced levels of collagen type I and tenomodulin protein. Furthermore, tenocytes cultured under these conditions demonstrated a typical spindle-like morphology and when embedded in collagen gels, became highly aligned with respect to the orientation of the collagen structure following their migration out from the microtissue spheroids. Our findings therefore provide evidence to support the use of a biomimetic microtissue approach to culturing tenocytes and that in combination with the defined growth media described, can improve their differentiation status and functional repopulation of collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Theiss
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rami Mhanna
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; American University of Beirut, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jan Kümmerle
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Glanz
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mahadik BP, Pedron Haba S, Skertich LJ, Harley BAC. The use of covalently immobilized stem cell factor to selectively affect hematopoietic stem cell activity within a gelatin hydrogel. Biomaterials 2015; 67:297-307. [PMID: 26232879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare stem cell population found primarily in the bone marrow and responsible for the production of the body's full complement of blood and immune cells. Used clinically to treat a range of hematopoietic disorders, there is a significant need to identify approaches to selectively expand their numbers ex vivo. Here we describe a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel for in vitro culture of primary murine HSCs. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a critical biomolecular component of native HSC niches in vivo and is used in large dosages in cell culture media for HSC expansion in vitro. We report a photochemistry based approach to covalently immobilize SCF within GelMA hydrogels via acrylate-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) tethers. PEG-functionalized SCF retains the native bioactivity of SCF but can be stably incorporated and retained within the GelMA hydrogel over 7 days. Freshly-isolated murine HSCs cultured in GelMA hydrogels containing covalently-immobilized SCF showed reduced proliferation and improved selectivity for maintaining primitive HSCs. Comparatively, soluble SCF within the GelMA hydrogel network induced increased proliferation of differentiating hematopoietic cells. We used a microfluidic templating approach to create GelMA hydrogels containing gradients of immobilized SCF that locally direct HSC response. Together, we report a biomaterial platform to examine the effect of the local presentation of soluble vs. matrix-immobilized biomolecular signals on HSC expansion and lineage specification. This approach may be a critical component of a biomaterial-based artificial bone marrow to provide the correct sequence of niche signals to grow HSCs in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Sara Pedron Haba
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Luke J Skertich
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Pence JC, Clancy KBH, Harley BAC. The induction of pro-angiogenic processes within a collagen scaffold via exogenous estradiol and endometrial epithelial cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2185-94. [PMID: 25944769 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient transport remains a major limitation in the design of biomaterials. One approach to overcome this constraint is to incorporate features to induce angiogenesis-mediated microvasculature formation. Angiogenesis requires a temporal presentation of both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors to achieve stable vasculature, leading to increasingly complex biomaterial design scheme. The endometrium, the lining of the uterus and site of embryo implantation, exemplifies a non-pathological model of rapid growth, shedding, and re-growth of dense vascular networks regulated by the dynamic actions of estradiol and progesterone. In this study, we examined the individual and combined response of endometrial epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to exogenous estradiol within a three-dimensional collagen scaffold. While endothelial cells did not respond to exogenous estradiol, estradiol directly stimulated endometrial epithelial cell transduction pathways and resulted in dose-dependent increases in endogenous VEGF production. Co-culture experiments using conditioned media demonstrated estradiol stimulation of endometrial epithelial cells can induce functional changes in endothelial cells within the collagen biomaterial. We also report the effect of direct endometrial epithelial and endothelial co-culture as well as covalent immobilization of estradiol within the collagen biomaterial. These efforts establish the suitability of an endometrial-inspired model for promoting pro-angiogenic events within regenerative medicine applications. These results also suggest the potential for developing biomaterial-based models of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn C Pence
- Department of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kathryn B H Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. .,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.
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Ryan CNM, Sorushanova A, Lomas AJ, Mullen AM, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Glycosaminoglycans in Tendon Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1237-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Caliari SR, Weisgerber DW, Grier WK, Mahmassani Z, Boppart MD, Harley BAC. Collagen Scaffolds Incorporating Coincident Gradations of Instructive Structural and Biochemical Cues for Osteotendinous Junction Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:831-7. [PMID: 25597299 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A fully 3D biomaterial containing overlapping gradations of structural, compositional, and biomolecular cues as seen in native orthopedic interfaces is described for the first time. A multi-compartment collagen scaffold is created for engineering tendon-bone junctions connected by a continuous interface that can induce spatially specific MSC differentiation down tenogenic and osteogenic lineages without the use of differentiation media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Caliari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 104 RAL, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Daniel W. Weisgerber
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 104 RAL, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - William K. Grier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 104 RAL, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Ziad Mahmassani
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Marni D. Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health; Institute for Genomic Biology; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 110 RAL, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Hortensius RA, Becraft JR, Pack DW, Harley BAC. The effect of glycosaminoglycan content on polyethylenimine-based gene delivery within three-dimensional collagen-GAG scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:645-54. [PMID: 26097698 PMCID: PMC4469389 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The design of biomaterials for increasingly complex tissue engineering applications often requires exogenous presentation of biomolecular signals. Integration of gene delivery vectors with a biomaterial scaffold offers the potential to bypass the use of expensive and relatively inefficient growth factor supplementation strategies to augment cell behavior. However, integration of cationic polymer based gene delivery vectors within three-dimensional biomaterials, particularly matrices which can carry significant surface charge, remains poorly explored. We examined the potential of polyethylenimine (PEI) as a gene delivery vector for three-dimensional collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds under development for tendon repair. While acetylated versions of PEI have demonstrated improved transfection efficiency in 2D culture assays, we investigated translation of this effect to a 3D biomaterial that contains significant electrostatic charge. A reporter gene was used to examine the impact of polymer modification, polymer:DNA ratio, and the degree of sulfation of the biomaterial microenvironment on gene delivery in vitro. We observed highest transgene expression in acetylated and unmodified PEI at distinct polymer:DNA ratios; notably, the enhancement often seen in two-dimensional culture for acetylated PEI did not fully translate to three-dimensional scaffolds. We also found highly sulfated heparin-based CG scaffolds showed enhanced initial luciferase expression but not prolonged activity. While PEI constructs significantly reduced tenocyte metabolic health during the period of transfection, heparin-based CG scaffolds showed the greatest recovery in tenocyte metabolic health over the full 2 week culture. These results suggest that the electrostatic environment of three-dimensional biomaterials may be an important design criterion for cationic polymer-based gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hortensius
- Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jacob R Becraft
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA ; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Gaspar D, Spanoudes K, Holladay C, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. Progress in cell-based therapies for tendon repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:240-56. [PMID: 25543005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant developments in cell therapies, based on permanently differentiated, reprogrammed or engineered stem cells, for tendon injuries and degenerative conditions. In vitro studies assess the influence of biophysical, biochemical and biological signals on tenogenic phenotype maintenance and/or differentiation towards tenogenic lineage. However, the ideal culture environment has yet to be identified due to the lack of standardised experimental setup and readout system. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and tenocytes/dermal fibroblasts appear to be the cell populations of choice for clinical translation in equine and human patients respectively based on circumstantial, rather than on hard evidence. Collaborative, inter- and multi-disciplinary efforts are expected to provide clinically relevant and commercially viable cell-based therapies for tendon repair and regeneration in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Kyriakos Spanoudes
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Holladay
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Zeugolis
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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Lomas A, Ryan C, Sorushanova A, Shologu N, Sideri A, Tsioli V, Fthenakis G, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Quinlan L, O'Laighin G, Mullen A, Kelly J, Kearns S, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. The past, present and future in scaffold-based tendon treatments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:257-77. [PMID: 25499820 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent a significant clinical burden on healthcare systems worldwide. As the human population ages and the life expectancy increases, tendon injuries will become more prevalent, especially among young individuals with long life ahead of them. Advancements in engineering, chemistry and biology have made available an array of three-dimensional scaffold-based intervention strategies, natural or synthetic in origin. Further, functionalisation strategies, based on biophysical, biochemical and biological cues, offer control over cellular functions; localisation and sustained release of therapeutics/biologics; and the ability to positively interact with the host to promote repair and regeneration. Herein, we critically discuss current therapies and emerging technologies that aim to transform tendon treatments in the years to come.
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Abstract
Tendon is a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system. Tendons connect muscle to bone and transmit forces to produce motion. Chronic and acute tendon injuries are very common and result in considerable pain and disability. The management of tendon injuries remains a challenge for clinicians. Effective treatments for tendon injuries are lacking because the understanding of tendon biology lags behind that of the other components of the musculoskeletal system. Animal and cellular models have been developed to study tendon-cell differentiation and tendon repair following injury. These studies have highlighted specific growth factors and transcription factors involved in tenogenesis during developmental and repair processes. Mechanical factors also seem to be essential for tendon development, homeostasis and repair. Mechanical signals are transduced via molecular signalling pathways that trigger adaptive responses in the tendon. Understanding the links between the mechanical and biological parameters involved in tendon development, homeostasis and repair is prerequisite for the identification of effective treatments for chronic and acute tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Nourissat
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, INSERM UMR_S938, DHU i2B, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Service de rhumatologie, INSERM UMR_S938, DHU i2B, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 7622, IBPS Developmental Biology Laboratory, F-75005, Paris 5005, France
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