1
|
Lotakis DM, Dheer R, Dame MK, Cuttitta AJ, Tigani DJ, Spence JR, Young VB, Ralls MW. A Pilot Study: Transcriptional Profiling, Functional Analysis, and Organoid Modeling of Intestinal Mucosa in Hirschsprung Disease. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1164-1169. [PMID: 36922279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital colonic aganglionosis. Many HSCR patients develop enterocolitis despite surgical resection. The pathophysiology of this inflammatory process is poorly understood. We compared transcriptional profiles and function of ganglionic and aganglionic tissue in HSCR patients. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on mucosal tissues from HSCR patients (n = 6) and controls (n = 3). Function of matched ganglionic and aganglionic regions were investigated utilizing organoids generated from these tissues. RESULTS Transcriptional differences observed in ganglionic and aganglionic regions of HSCR patients included upregulation of genes involving inflammation, cell differentiation and proliferation as well as decreased expression of genes encoding mucins compared to controls. Organoids derived from ganglionic and aganglionic regions of HSCR patients were similar in epithelial cell differentiation, epithelial barrier formation and response to stimulation with bacterial metabolites and pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Despite normal ganglionic structure, the section of colon adjacent to the aganglionic region in HSCR patients has perturbed gene expression which resembles the aganglionic segment. Transcriptional and functional changes in colonic epithelium are persevered in the ganglionic colon used for pull-through surgery. This may explain persistence of enterocolitis despite surgical excision of aganglionic colon and subsequent endorectal pull-through performed with ganglionic colon during correction of HSCR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra M Lotakis
- University of Michigan, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 1540 East Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-4211, USA.
| | - Rishu Dheer
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael K Dame
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley J Cuttitta
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dominic J Tigani
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Biomedical Engineering Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew W Ralls
- University of Michigan, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 1540 East Hospital Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-4211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elia E, Brownell D, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Tissue Engineering for Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010009. [PMID: 36613452 PMCID: PMC9820091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts share several similarities. Primarily, these tissues are composed of hollow structures lined by an epithelium through which materials need to flow with the help of peristalsis brought by muscle contraction. In the case of the gastrointestinal tract, solid or liquid food must circulate to be digested and absorbed and the waste products eliminated. In the case of the urinary tract, the urine produced by the kidneys must flow to the bladder, where it is stored until its elimination from the body. Finally, in the case of the vagina, it must allow the evacuation of blood during menstruation, accommodate the male sexual organ during coitus, and is the natural way to birth a child. The present review describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of such organs, emphasizing tissue engineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Elia
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Brownell
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yi SA, Zhang Y, Rathnam C, Pongkulapa T, Lee KB. Bioengineering Approaches for the Advanced Organoid Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007949. [PMID: 34561899 PMCID: PMC8682947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D cell culture technology have enabled scientists to generate stem cell derived organoids that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native organs. Current organoid technologies have been striding toward identifying the essential factors for controlling the processes involved in organoid development, including physical cues and biochemical signaling. There is a growing demand for engineering dynamic niches characterized by conditions that resemble in vivo organogenesis to generate reproducible and reliable organoids for various applications. Innovative biomaterial-based and advanced engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of organoid research. The recent advances in organoid engineering, including extracellular matrices and genetic modulation, are comprehensively summarized to pinpoint the parameters critical for organ-specific patterning. Moreover, perspective trends in developing tunable organoids in response to exogenous and endogenous cues are discussed for next-generation developmental studies, disease modeling, and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Epigenome Dynamics Control Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zabolian AH, Rostami M, Eftekharzadeh S, Sabetkish S, Kajbafzadeh AM. In Vivo Colon Regeneration: from Decellularization to In Vivo Implantation in a Rat Model Using the Body as a Natural Bioreactor. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Abstract
Recent advances in culturing of intestinal stem cells and pluripotent stem cells have led to the development of intestinal organoids. These are self-organizing 3D structures, which recapitulate the characteristics and physiological features of in vivo intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids have allowed the development of novel in vitro models to study various gastrointestinal diseases expanding our understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases and leading to the development of innovative therapies. This article aims to summarize the current usage of intestinal organoids as a model of gastrointestinal diseases and the potential applications of intestinal organoids in infants and children. Intestinal organoids allow the study of intestinal epithelium responses to stress factors. Mimicking intestinal injury such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal organoids increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and shows disruption of tight junctions after they are injured by lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia. In cystic fibrosis, intestinal organoids derived from rectal biopsies have provided benefits in genetic studies and development of novel therapeutic gene modulation. Transplantation of intestinal organoids via enema has been shown to rescue damaged colonic epithelium in mice. In addition, tissue-engineered small intestine derived from intestinal organoids have been successfully established providing a potential novel treatment and a new hope for children with short bowel syndrome.
Collapse
|
6
|
Levin D. Bench to Bedside: Approaches for Engineered Intestine, Esophagus, and Colon. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2019; 48:607-623. [PMID: 31668186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The generation of tissue engineered organs from autologous cells will allow replacement of diseased or absent organs without the need for immunosuppression. Common steps of tissue engineering include isolation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, preparation of synthetic or biologic scaffold, and implantation into a host to support the proliferation of engineered tissue. Some organs have been successfully transplanted in human patients; gastrointestinal tract tissues are nearing clinical introduction. The state of the science has progressed rapidly and providers and researchers alike must take appropriate steps to ensure strict adherence to ethical standards before introduction to human therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Levin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, PO BOX 800709, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martin LY, Ladd MR, Werts A, Sodhi CP, March JC, Hackam DJ. Tissue engineering for the treatment of short bowel syndrome in children. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:249-257. [PMID: 28937976 PMCID: PMC6002962 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Despite decades of experience in the management of short bowel syndrome, current therapy is primarily supportive. Definitive treatment often requires intestinal transplantation, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In order to develop novel approaches to the treatment of short bowel syndrome, we and others have focused on the development of an artificial intestine, by placing intestinal stem cells on a bioscaffold that has an absorptive surface resembling native intestine, and taking advantage of neovascularization to develop a blood supply. This review will explore recent advances in biomaterials, vascularization, and progress toward development of a functional epithelium and mesenchymal niche, highlighting both success and ongoing challenges in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Y. Martin
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
| | - Mitchell R. Ladd
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
| | - Adam Werts
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
| | - Chhinder P. Sodhi
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
| | - John C. March
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithica, NY
| | - David J. Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins children's Center, Baltimore MD 21287
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Wang K, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Lin PY, Walthers CM, Thomas AL, Martín MG, Dunn JCY. Bioengineered intestinal muscularis complexes with long-term spontaneous and periodic contractions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195315. [PMID: 29718926 PMCID: PMC5931477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although critical for studies of gut motility and intestinal regeneration, the in vitro culture of intestinal muscularis with peristaltic function remains a significant challenge. Periodic contractions of intestinal muscularis result from the coordinated activity of smooth muscle cells (SMC), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Reproducing this activity requires the preservation of all these cells in one system. Here we report the first serum-free culture methodology that consistently maintains spontaneous and periodic contractions of murine and human intestinal muscularis cells for months. In this system, SMC expressed the mature marker myosin heavy chain, and multipolar/dipolar ICC, uniaxonal/multipolar neurons and glial cells were present. Furthermore, drugs affecting neural signals, ICC or SMC altered the contractions. Combining this method with scaffolds, contracting cell sheets were formed with organized architecture. With the addition of intestinal epithelial cells, this platform enabled up to 11 types of cells from mucosa, muscularis and serosa to coexist and epithelial cells were stretched by the contracting muscularis cells. The method constitutes a powerful tool for mechanistic studies of gut motility disorders and the functional regeneration of the engineered intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Sergio Solorzano-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Walthers
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anne-Laure Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Martín G. Martín
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Y. Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schlieve CR, Fowler KL, Thornton M, Huang S, Hajjali I, Hou X, Grubbs B, Spence JR, Grikscheit TC. Neural Crest Cell Implantation Restores Enteric Nervous System Function and Alters the Gastrointestinal Transcriptome in Human Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:883-896. [PMID: 28803915 PMCID: PMC5599241 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired or congenital disruption in enteric nervous system (ENS) development or function can lead to significant mechanical dysmotility. ENS restoration through cellular transplantation may provide a cure for enteric neuropathies. We have previously generated human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) from human intestinal organoids (HIOs). However, HIO-TESI fails to develop an ENS. The purpose of our study is to restore ENS components derived exclusively from hPSCs in HIO-TESI. hPSC-derived enteric neural crest cell (ENCC) supplementation of HIO-TESI establishes submucosal and myenteric ganglia, repopulates various subclasses of neurons, and restores neuroepithelial connections and neuron-dependent contractility and relaxation in ENCC-HIO-TESI. RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes involved in neurogenesis, gliogenesis, gastrointestinal tract development, and differentiated epithelial cell types when ENS elements are restored during in vivo development of HIO-TESI. Our findings validate an effective approach to restoring hPSC-derived ENS components in HIO-TESI and may implicate their potential for the treatment of enteric neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Schlieve
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W. Sunset Boulevard, MS#100, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Kathryn L Fowler
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W. Sunset Boulevard, MS#100, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ibrahim Hajjali
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W. Sunset Boulevard, MS#100, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Xiaogang Hou
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W. Sunset Boulevard, MS#100, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tracy C Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 W. Sunset Boulevard, MS#100, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu H, Hasan NM, In JG, Estes MK, Kovbasnjuk O, Zachos NC, Donowitz M. The Contributions of Human Mini-Intestines to the Study of Intestinal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:291-312. [PMID: 28192061 PMCID: PMC5549102 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lack of accessibility to normal and diseased human intestine and the inability to separate the different functional compartments of the intestine even when tissue could be obtained have held back the understanding of human intestinal physiology. Clevers and his associates identified intestinal stem cells and established conditions to grow "mini-intestines" ex vivo in differentiated and undifferentiated conditions. This pioneering work has made a new model of the human intestine available and has begun making contributions to the understanding of human intestinal transport in normal physiologic conditions and the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases. However, this model is reductionist and lacks many of the complexities of normal intestine. Consequently, it is not yet possible to predict how great the advances using this model will be for understanding human physiology and pathophysiology, nor how the model will be modified to include multiple other intestinal cell types and physical forces necessary to more closely approximate normal intestine. This review describes recent studies using mini-intestines, which have readdressed previously established models of normal intestinal transport physiology and newly examined intestinal pathophysiology. The emphasis is on studies with human enteroids grown either as three-dimensional spheroids or two-dimensional monolayers. In addition, comments are provided on mouse studies in cases when human studies have not yet been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Nesrin M Hasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Julie G In
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu F, Huang J, Ning B, Liu Z, Chen S, Zhao W. Drug Discovery via Human-Derived Stem Cell Organoids. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:334. [PMID: 27713700 PMCID: PMC5032635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived cell lines and animal models have proven invaluable for the understanding of human intestinal diseases and for drug development although both inherently comprise disadvantages and caveats. Many genetically determined intestinal diseases occur in specific tissue microenvironments that are not adequately modeled by monolayer cell culture. Likewise, animal models incompletely recapitulate the complex pathologies of intestinal diseases of humans and fall short in predicting the effects of candidate drugs. Patient-derived stem cell organoids are new and effective models for the development of novel targeted therapies. With the use of intestinal organoids from patients with inherited diseases, the potency and toxicity of drug candidates can be evaluated better. Moreover, owing to the novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein-9 genome-editing technologies, researchers can use organoids to precisely modulate human genetic status and identify pathogenesis-related genes of intestinal diseases. Therefore, here we discuss how patient-derived organoids should be grown and how advanced genome-editing tools may be applied to research on modeling of cancer and infectious diseases. We also highlight practical applications of organoids ranging from basic studies to drug screening and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, HoustonTX, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, HoustonTX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangshaHunan, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, ChangshaHunan, China; Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, ChangshaHunan, China; Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, ChangshaHunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, ChangshaHunan, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston TX, USA
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Generation of an artificial intestine for the management of short bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2016; 21:178-85. [PMID: 26867049 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the current state of the art in artificial intestine generation in the treatment of short bowel syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS Short bowel syndrome defines the condition in which patients lack sufficient intestinal length to allow for adequate absorption of nutrition and fluids, and thus need parenteral support. Advances toward the development of an artificial intestine have improved dramatically since the first attempts in the 1980s, and the last decade has seen significant advances in understanding the intestinal stem cell niche, the growth of complex primary intestinal stem cells in culture, and fabrication of the biomaterials that can support the growth and differentiation of these stem cells. There has also been recent progress in understanding the role of the microbiota and the immune cells on the growth of intestinal cultures on scaffolds in animal models. Despite recent progress, there is much work to be done before the development of a functional artificial intestine for short bowel syndrome is successfully achieved. SUMMARY Continued concerted efforts by cell biologists, bioengineers, and clinician-scientists will be required for the development of an artificial intestine as a clinical treatment modality for short bowel syndrome.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mavila N, Trecartin A, Spurrier R, Xiao Y, Hou X, James D, Fu X, Truong B, Wang C, Lipshutz GS, Wang KS, Grikscheit TC. Functional Human and Murine Tissue-Engineered Liver Is Generated from Adult Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:238-248. [PMID: 28170183 PMCID: PMC5442734 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease affects large numbers of patients, yet there are limited treatments available to replace absent or ineffective cellular function of this crucial organ. Donor scarcity and the necessity for immunosuppression limit one effective therapy, orthotopic liver transplantation. But in some conditions such as inborn errors of metabolism or transient states of liver insufficiency, patients may be salvaged by providing partial quantities of functional liver tissue. After transplanting multicellular liver organoid units composed of a heterogeneous cellular population that includes adult stem and progenitor cells, both mouse and human tissue‐engineered liver (TELi) form in vivo. TELi contains normal liver components such as hepatocytes with albumin expression, CK19‐expressing bile ducts and vascular structures with α‐smooth muscle actin expression, desmin‐expressing stellate cells, and CD31‐expressing endothelial cells. At 4 weeks, TELi contains proliferating albumin‐expressing cells and identification of β2‐microglobulin‐expressing cells demonstrates that the majority of human TELi is composed of transplanted human cells. Human albumin is detected in the host mouse serum, indicating in vivo secretory function. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of mouse serum after debrisoquine administration is followed by a significant increase in the level of the human metabolite, 4‐OH‐debrisoquine, which supports the metabolic and xenobiotic capability of human TELi in vivo. Implanted TELi grew in a mouse model of inducible liver failure. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:238–248
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Mavila
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew Trecartin
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Ryan Spurrier
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaogang Hou
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - David James
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Truong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Clara Wang
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Gerald S. Lipshutz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kasper S. Wang
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Tracy C. Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California, USA
| |
Collapse
|