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Karami P, Laurent A, Philippe V, Applegate LA, Pioletti DP, Martin R. Cartilage Repair: Promise of Adhesive Orthopedic Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9984. [PMID: 39337473 PMCID: PMC11432485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair remains a major challenge in human orthopedic medicine, necessitating the application of innovative strategies to overcome existing technical and clinical limitations. Adhesive hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for cartilage repair promotion and tissue engineering, offering key advantages such as enhanced tissue integration and therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review navigates the landscape of adhesive hydrogels in cartilage repair, discussing identified challenges, shortcomings of current treatment options, and unique advantages of adhesive hydrogel products and scaffolds. While emphasizing the critical need for in situ lateral integration with surrounding tissues, we dissect current limitations and outline future perspectives for hydrogel scaffolds in cartilage repair. Moreover, we examine the clinical translation pathway and regulatory considerations specific to adhesive hydrogels. Overall, this review synthesizes the existing insights and knowledge gaps and highlights directions for future research regarding adhesive hydrogel-based devices in advancing cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Karami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopaedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Manufacturing Department, LAM Biotechnologies SA, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Philippe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Regenerative Therapy Unit, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Service, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Oxford OSCAR Suzhou Center, Oxford University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopaedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Martin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Yang KC, Yang YT, Wu CC, Hsiao JK, Huang CY, Chen IH, Wang CC. Bioinspired collagen-gelatin-hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate tetra-copolymer scaffold biomimicking native cartilage extracellular matrix facilitates chondrogenesis of human synovium-derived stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124400. [PMID: 37044324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a crucial role in stem cell differentiation, and a scaffold that mimics native cartilaginous extracellular components can promote chondrogenesis. In this study, a collagen-gelatin-hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate tetra-copolymer scaffold with composition and architecture similar to those of hyaline cartilage was fabricated using a microfluidic technique and compared with a pure gelatin scaffold. The newly designed biomimetic scaffold had a swelling ratio of 1278 % ± 270 %, a porosity of 77.68 % ± 11.70 %, a compressive strength of 1005 ± 174 KPa, and showed a good resilience against compression force. Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) seeded into the tetra-copolymer scaffold attached to the scaffold firmly and exhibited good mitochondrial activity, high cell survival with a pronounced glycosaminoglycan production. SDSCs cultured on the tetra-copolymer scaffold with chondrogenic induction exhibited upregulated mRNA expression of COL2A1, ChM-1, Nrf2, TGF-β1, and BMP-7. Ex vivo study revealed that the SDSC-tetra-copolymer scaffold regenerated cartilage-like tissue in SCID mice with abundant type II collagen and S-100 production. BMP7 and COL2A1 expression in the tetra-copolymer scaffold group was much higher than that in the gelatin scaffold group ex vivo. The tetra-copolymer scaffold thus exhibits strong chondrogenic capability and will facilitate cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan; School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237011, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237011, Taiwan; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 300102, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung City 427213, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan.
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Karami P, Stampoultzis T, Guo Y, Pioletti DP. A guide to preclinical evaluation of hydrogel-based devices for treatment of cartilage lesions. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:12-31. [PMID: 36638938 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The drive to develop cartilage implants for the treatment of major defects in the musculoskeletal system has resulted in a major research thrust towards developing biomaterial devices for cartilage repair. Investigational devices for the restoration of articular cartilage are considered as significant risk materials by regulatory bodies and therefore proof of efficacy and safety prior to clinical testing represents a critical phase of the multidisciplinary effort to bridge the gap between bench and bedside. To date, review articles have thoroughly covered different scientific facets of cartilage engineering paradigm, but surprisingly, little attention has been given to the preclinical considerations revolving around the validation of a biomaterial implant. Considering hydrogel-based cartilage products as an example, the present review endeavors to provide a summary of the critical prerequisites that such devices should meet for cartilage repair, for successful implantation and subsequent preclinical validation prior to clinical trials. Considerations pertaining to the choice of appropriate animal model, characterization techniques for the quantitative and qualitative outcome measures, as well as concerns with respect to GLP practices are also extensively discussed. This article is not meant to provide a systematic review, but rather to introduce a device validation-based roadmap to the academic investigator, in anticipation of future healthcare commercialization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There are significant challenges around translation of in vitro cartilage repair strategies to approved therapies. New biomaterial-based devices must undergo exhaustive investigations to ensure their safety and efficacy prior to clinical trials. These considerations are required to be applied from early developmental stages. Although there are numerous research works on cartilage devices and their in vivo evaluations, little attention has been given into the preclinical pathway and the corresponding approval processes. With a focus on hydrogel devices to concretely illustrate the preclinical path, this review paper intends to highlight the various considerations regarding the preclinical validation of hydrogel devices for cartilage repair, from regulatory considerations, to implantation strategies, device performance aspects and characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Karami
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Stampoultzis
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yanheng Guo
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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New Insights into Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Improvement of Tissue-Scaffold Integration to Enhance Cartilage Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7638245. [PMID: 35118158 PMCID: PMC8807044 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7638245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Distinctive characteristics of articular cartilage such as avascularity and low chondrocyte conversion rate present numerous challenges for orthopedists. Tissue engineering is a novel approach that ameliorates the regeneration process by exploiting the potential of cells, biodegradable materials, and growth factors. However, problems exist with the use of tissue-engineered construct, the most important of which is scaffold-cartilage integration. Recently, many attempts have been made to address this challenge via manipulation of cellular, material, and biomolecular composition of engineered tissue. Hence, in this review, we highlight strategies that facilitate cartilage-scaffold integration. Recent advances in where efficient integration between a scaffold and native cartilage could be achieved are emphasized, in addition to the positive aspects and remaining problems that will drive future research.
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Wang CC, Chen IH, Yang YT, Chen YR, Yang KC. Infrapatellar Fat Pads-Derived Stem Cell Is a Favorable Cell Source for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study Based on 3D Organized Self-Assembled Biomimetic Scaffold. Cartilage 2021; 13:508S-520S. [PMID: 33435725 PMCID: PMC8804804 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520988153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising source of cells for articular cartilage regeneration. However, ASCs isolated from different adipose tissue depots have heterogeneous cell characterizations and differentiation potential when cultured in 3-dimensional (3D) niches. DESIGN We compared the chondrogenicity of ASCs isolated from infrapatellar fat pads (IPFPs) and subcutaneous fat pads (SCFPs) in 3D gelatin-based biomimetic matrix. RESULTS The IPFP-ASC-differentiated chondrocytes had higher ACAN, COL2A1, COL10, SOX6, SOX9, ChM-1, and MIA-3 mRNA levels and lower COL1A1 and VEGF levels than the SCFP-ASCs in 3D matrix. The difference in mRNA profile may have contributed to activation of the Akt, p38, RhoA, and JNK signaling pathways in the IPFP-ASCs. The chondrocytes differentiated from IPFP-ASCs had pronounced glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II production and a high chondroitin-6-sulfate/chondroitin-4-sulfate ratio with less polymerization of β-actin filaments. In an ex vivo mice model, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a shorter T2 relaxation time, indicating that more abundant extracellular matrix was secreted in the IPFP-ASC-matrix group. Histological examinations revealed that the IPFP-ASC matrix had higher chondrogenic efficacy of new cartilaginous tissue generation as evident in collagen type II and S-100 staining. Conclusion. ASCs isolated from IPFPs may be better candidates for cartilage regeneration, highlighting the translational potential of cartilage tissue engineering using the IPFP-ASC matrix technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,Department of Orthopedics, School of
Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,Department of Orthopedics, School of
Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,School of Dental Technology, College of
Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City,School of Dental Technology, College of
Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Kai-Chiang Yang, School of Dental
Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing
Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031.
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Trengove A, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. The Challenge of Cartilage Integration: Understanding a Major Barrier to Chondral Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:114-128. [PMID: 33307976 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects caused by injury frequently lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and costly disease. Despite widely used surgical methods to treat articular cartilage defects and a plethora of research into regenerative strategies as treatments, long-term clinical outcomes are not satisfactory. Failure to integrate repair tissue with native cartilage is a recurring issue in surgical and tissue-engineered strategies, seeing eventual degradation of the regenerated or surrounding tissue. This review delves into the current understanding of why continuous and robust integration with native cartilage is so difficult to achieve. Both the intrinsic limitations of chondrocytes to remodel injured cartilage, and the significant challenges posed by a compromised biomechanical environment are described. Recent scaffold and cell-based techniques to repair cartilage are also discussed, and limitations of existing methods to evaluate integrative repair. In particular, the importance of evaluating the mechanical integrity of the interface between native and repair tissue is highlighted as a meaningful assessment of any strategy to repair this load-bearing tissue. Impact statement The failure to integrate grafts or biomaterials with native cartilage is a major barrier to cartilage repair. An in-depth understanding of the reasons cartilage integration remains a challenge is required to inform cartilage repair strategies. In particular, this review highlights that integration of cartilage repair strategies is frequently assessed in terms of the continuity of tissue, but not the mechanical integrity. Given the load-bearing nature of cartilage, evaluating integration in terms of interfacial strength is essential to assessing the potential success of cartilage repair methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Orthopedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Irwin RM, Gao T, Boys AJ, Ortved K, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Microscale strain mapping demonstrates the importance of interface slope in the mechanics of cartilage repair. J Biomech 2020; 114:110159. [PMID: 33310276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Achieving lateral integration of articular cartilage repair tissue with surrounding native cartilage remains a clinical challenge. Histological and bulk mechanical studies have identified extracellular matrix components that correlate with superior failure strength, but it is unclear how local changes in geometry and composition at the repair interface affect tissue strains under physiologic loading. Here, we investigated the effects of local compositional and interface geometry on lateral cartilage repair integration by coupling microscale Raman spectroscopy and confocal elastography to measure tissue strains under compressive and shear loading. Histological integration assessments did not have significant relationships with interface strains under compressive loading (p > 0.083) and only the perimeter attachment score was trending towards statistical significance with the |Exy| strain tensor under shear loading (p = 0.050). Interface slope had a stronger correlation with local tissue strains under compressive and shear loading compared to compositional measures of GAG, collagen, or proteins (compressive loading |Eyy| tensor: R2 = 0.400 (interface slope), 0.005 (GAG), 0.024 (collagen), and 0.012 (protein); shear loading |Exy| tensor: R2 = 0.457 (interface slope), 0.003 (GAG), 0.006 (collagen), and 0.000 (total protein)). These data support surgical publications detailing the need for vertical walls when debriding chondral defects. Current histological integration assessments and local compositional measures were insufficient for identifying the variation in interface strains under compressive and shear loading. Thus, our data points to the importance of controlling interface geometry at the time of surgery, which has implications for cartilage repair integration and long-term healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Irwin
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kyla Ortved
- Comparative Orthopaedics Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States(1)
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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8
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Wang CC, Yang KC, Chen IH. Current treatment concepts for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 33:243-249. [PMID: 34386361 PMCID: PMC8323653 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_106_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) are a well-known cause of ankle joint pain and can sometimes lead to instability. These lesions are not only confined to articular hyaline cartilage, they can also affect the subchondral bone at the weight-bearing aspect of the talar dome. Nonoperative treatment is the preferred option for small lesions, however surgical intervention is recommended for large lesions or those for which conservative treatment has failed. Microfracture, abrasion arthroplasty and multiple drilling are all classified as bone marrow stimulation procedures; they are used to try to recruit precursor cells for cartilage regeneration and are especially suitable for small OLT lesions. For large lesions, osteochondral autografting and allografting are better options to reconstruct the articular defect, as they have better contours and mechanical strength. When there is limited subchondral bone involvement in large lesions, cell-based therapies such as autogenous chondrocyte implantation, potentially combined with a biomaterial matrix, are a promising option and acceptable functional outcomes have been reported. To provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians, this article evaluates the currently available treatment strategies for OLT and their evolution over the past few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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9
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Jiang CC, Hsieh CH, Liao CJ, Chang WH, Liao WJ, Tsai-Wu JJ, Chiang H. Collagenase treatment of cartilaginous matrix promotes fusion of adjacent cartilage. Regen Ther 2020; 15:97-102. [PMID: 33426207 PMCID: PMC7770344 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In articular cartilage-repair, grafts usually fuse unsatisfactorily with surrounding host cartilage. Enzymatic dissociation of cartilaginous matrix to free chondrocytes may benefit fusion. We tested such a hypothesis with human cartilage in vitro, and with porcine cartilage in vivo. Human articular cartilage was collected from knee surgeries, cut into disc-and-ring sets, and randomly distributed into three groups: disc-and-ring sets in Group 1 were left untreated; in Group 2 only discs, and in Group 3 both discs and rings were treated with enzyme. Each disc-and-ring reassembly was cultured in a perfusion system for 14 days; expression of cartilage marker proteins and genes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Porcine articular cartilage from knees was similarly fashioned into disc-and-ring combinations. Specimens were randomly distributed into a control group without further treatment, and an experimental group with both disc and ring treated with enzyme. Each disc-and-ring reassembly was transplanted into subcutaneous space of a nude mouse for 30 days, and retrieved to examine disc-ring interface. In in vitro study with human cartilage, a visible gap remained at disc-ring interfaces in Group 1, yet became indiscernible in Group 2 and 3. Marker genes, including type II collagen, aggrecan and Sox 9, were well expressed by chondrocytes in all specimens, indicating that chondrocytes’ phenotype retained regardless of enzymatic treatment. Similar results were found inin vivo study with porcine cartilage. Enzymatic dissociation of cartilaginous matrix promotes fusion of adjacent cartilage. The clinical relevance may be a novel method to facilitate integration of repaired cartilage in joints. Cartilage repair-patches fuse poorly to surrounding host cartilage. Collagenase treatment of adjacent cartilaginous tissues facilitates their fusion. Collagenase treatment of cartilage promotes chondrocyte proliferation and presentation. Collagenase treatment does not affect phenotypes of chondrocytes.
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Key Words
- Cartilage fusion
- Cartilage repair
- Cartilaginous matrix
- DMMB, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- Enzymatic treatment
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Sox 9, SRY-box transcription factor 9
- cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Wei-Ju Liao
- Taiwan Biomaterial Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyy-Jih Tsai-Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongsen Chiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chungsan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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10
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Chang YH, Wu KC, Wang CC, Ding DC. Enhanced chondrogenesis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a gelatin honeycomb scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2069-2079. [PMID: 32323440 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of chondrogenic stem cells is a promising strategy for cartilage repair, but requires improvements in cell sourcing, maintenance, and chondrogenic differentiation efficiency. We examined whether gelatin honeycomb scaffolds can enhance the proliferation, viability, and chondrogenic capability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) compared to standard plate cultures. In addition, the survival and phenotypic stability of HUCMSC-derived chondrocytes in a scaffold were evaluated in mice over 6 weeks post-transplantation. Survival and proliferation rates of HUCMSCs were comparable between scaffold and plate culture. Scaffold culture in a chondrogenic differentiation medium induced more stable expression of the key hyaline cartilage genes COL2A1 and ACAN and the production of the respective proteins Type II collagen and aggrecan as well as glycosaminoglycan. These HUCMSC-differentiated chondrocytes also stably expressed cartilage genes and proteins in the scaffold 6 weeks after transplantation into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. These findings indicate that honeycomb-like gelatin scaffolds can promote the survival and chondrogenic differentiation of HUCMSCs to form hyaline-like cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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11
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Yang KC, Chen IH, Yang YT, Hsiao JK, Wang CC. Effects of scaffold geometry on chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Carpenter R, Macres D, Kwak JG, Daniel K, Lee J. Fabrication of Bioactive Inverted Colloidal Crystal Scaffolds Using Expanded Polystyrene Beads. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:143-155. [PMID: 32031058 PMCID: PMC7099427 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) hydrogel scaffolds have emerged as a new class of three-dimensional cell culture matrix that represents a unique opportunity to reproduce lymphoid tissue microenvironments. ICC geometry promotes the formation of stromal cell networks and their interaction with hematopoietic cells, a core cellular process in lymphoid tissues. When subdermally implanted, ICC hydrogel scaffolds direct unique foreign body responses to form a vascularized stromal tissue with prolonged attraction of hematopoietic cells, which together resemble lymphoid tissue microenvironments. While conceptually simple, fabrication of ICC hydrogel scaffold requires multiple steps and laborious handling of delicate materials. Here, we introduce a facile route for ICC hydrogel scaffold fabrication using expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads. EPS beads shrink and fuse in a tunable manner under pressurized thermal conditions, which serves as colloidal crystal templates for ICC scaffold fabrication. Inclusion of collagen in the precursor solution greatly simplified preparation of bioactive hydrogel scaffolds. The resultant EPS-templated bioactive ICC hydrogel scaffolds demonstrate characteristic features required for lymphoid tissue modeling in both in vitro and in vivo settings. We envision that the presented method will facilitate widespread implementation of ICC hydrogel scaffolds for lymphoid tissue engineering and other emerging applications. Impact statement Inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) hydrogel scaffolds have emerged as a new class of three-dimensional cell culture matrix that represents a unique opportunity for lymphoid tissue modeling and other emerging novel bioengineering applications. While conceptually simple, fabrication of the ICC hydrogel scaffold requires multiple steps and laborious handling of delicate materials with highly toxic chemicals. The presented method for ICC hydrogel scaffold fabrication using expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads is simple, cost-effective, and involves less toxic chemicals than conventional methods, while retaining comparable biological significance. We envision that EPS bead-based hydrogel scaffold fabrication will greatly facilitate the widespread implementation of ICC hydrogel scaffolds and their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Carpenter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, UMass-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Dalton Macres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UMass-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Jun-Goo Kwak
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, UMass-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Daniel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UMass-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Jungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, UMass-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, UMass-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Maglio M, Brogini S, Pagani S, Giavaresi G, Tschon M. Current Trends in the Evaluation of Osteochondral Lesion Treatments: Histology, Histomorphometry, and Biomechanics in Preclinical Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4040236. [PMID: 31687388 PMCID: PMC6803751 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions (OCs) are typically of traumatic origins but are also caused by degenerative conditions, in primis osteoarthritis (OA). On the other side, OC lesions themselves, getting worse over time, can lead to OA, indicating that chondral and OC defects represent a risk factor for the onset of the pathology. Many animal models have been set up for years for the study of OC regeneration, being successfully employed to test different treatment strategies, from biomaterials and cells to physical and biological adjuvant therapies. These studies rely on a plethora of post-explant investigations ranging from histological and histomorphometric analyses to biomechanical ones. The present review aims to analyze the methods employed for the evaluation of OC treatments in each animal model by screening literature data within the last 10 years. According to the selected research criteria performed in two databases, 60 works were included. Data revealed that lapine (50% of studies) and ovine (23% of studies) models are predominant, and knee joints are the most used anatomical locations for creating OC defects. Analyses are mostly conducted on paraffin-embedded samples in order to perform histological/histomorphometric analyses by applying semiquantitative scoring systems and on fresh samples in order to perform biomechanical investigations by indentation tests on articular cartilage. Instead, a great heterogeneity is pointed out in terms of OC defect dimensions and animal's age. The choice of experimental times is generally adequate for the animal models adopted, although few studies adopt very long experimental times. Improvements in data reporting and in standardization of protocols would be desirable for a better comparison of results and for ethical reasons related to appropriate and successful animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maglio
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Brogini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Pagani
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Giavaresi
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Tschon
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Microporous acellular extracellular matrix combined with adipose-derived stem cell sheets as a promising tissue patch promoting articular cartilage regeneration and interface integration. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:856-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang L, Jiang D, Wang Q, Wang Q, Hu H, Jia W. The Application of Microfluidic Techniques on Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5397-5406. [PMID: 30827230 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190301142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising solution for orthopaedic diseases such as bone or
cartilage defects and bone metastasis. Cell culture in vitro and scaffold fabrication are two main parts of TE, but
these two methods both have their own limitations. The static cell culture medium is unable to achieve multiple
cell incubation or offer an optimal microenvironment for cells, while regularly arranged structures are unavailable
in traditional cell-laden scaffolds, which results in low biocompatibility. To solve these problems, microfluidic
techniques are combined with TE. By providing 3-D networks and interstitial fluid flows, microfluidic platforms
manage to maintain phenotype and viability of osteocytic or chondrocytic cells, and the precise manipulation of
liquid, gel and air flows in microfluidic devices leads to the highly organized construction of scaffolds.
Methods:
In this review, we focus on the recent advances of microfluidic techniques applied in the field of tissue
engineering, especially in orthropaedics. An extensive literature search was done using PubMed. The introduction
describes the properties of microfluidics and how it exploits the advantages to the full in the aspects of TE. Then
we discuss the application of microfluidics on the cultivation of osteocytic cells and chondrocytes, and other
extended researches carried out on this platform. The following section focuses on the fabrication of highly organized
scaffolds and other biomaterials produced by microfluidic devices. Finally, the incubation and studying of
bone metastasis models in microfluidic platforms are discussed.
Conclusion:
The combination of microfluidics and tissue engineering shows great potentials in the osteocytic cell
culture and scaffold fabrication. Though there are several problems that still require further exploration, the future
of microfluidics in TE is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dajun Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weitao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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16
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Mei C, Chao CW, Lin CW, Li ST, Wu KH, Yang KC, Yu J. Three-dimensional spherical gelatin bubble-based scaffold improves the myotube formation of H9c2 myoblasts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1190-1200. [PMID: 30636318 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors including physical and chemical cues can regulate stem cells as well as terminally differentiated cells to modulate their biological function and differentiation. However, one of the physical cues, the substrate's dimensionality, has not been studied extensively. In this study, the flow-focusing method with a microfluidic device was used to generate gelatin bubbles to fabricate highly ordered three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Rat H9c2 myoblasts were seeded into the 3D gelatin bubble-based scaffolds and compared to those grown on 2D gelatin-coating substrates to demonstrate the influences of spatial cues on cell behaviors. Relative to cells on the 2D substrates, the H9c2 myoblasts were featured by a good survival and normal mitochondrial activity but slower cell proliferation within the 3D scaffolds. The cortical actin filaments of H9c2 cells were localized close to the cell membrane when cultured on the 2D substrates, while the F-actins distributed uniformly and occupied most of the cell cytoplasm within the 3D scaffolds. H9c2 myoblasts fused as multinuclear myotubes within the 3D scaffolds without any induction but cells cultured on the 2D substrates had a relatively lower fusion index even differentiation medium was provided. Although there was no difference in actin α 1 and myosin heavy chain 1, H9c2 cells had a higher myogenin messenger RNA level in the 3D scaffolds than those of on the 2D substrates. This study reveals that the dimensionality influences differentiation and fusion of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing Tak Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Han Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sumi S. Self-condensation culture for vascularized organoid. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:S15. [PMID: 30613590 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Sumi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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da Silva Morais A, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Small Animal Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:423-439. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mallick SP, Singh BN, Rastogi A, Srivastava P. Design and evaluation of chitosan/poly(l-lactide)/pectin based composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:909-920. [PMID: 29438752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor regenerative potential of cartilage tissue due to the avascular nature and lack of supplementation of reparative cells impose an important challenge in recent medical practice towards development of artificial extracellular matrix with enhanced neo-cartilage tissue regeneration potential. Chitosan (CH), poly (l-lactide) (PLLA), and pectin (PC) compositions were tailored to generate polyelectrolyte complex based porous scaffolds using freeze drying method and crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) solution containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) to mimic the composition as well as architecture of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of developed scaffolds were done. The scaffolds were porous with homogeneous pore structure with pore size 49-170μm and porosities in the range of 79 to 84%. Fourier transform infrared study confirmed the presence of polymers (CH, PLLA and PC) within the scaffolds. The crystallinity of the scaffold was examined by the X-ray diffraction studies. Furthermore, scaffold shows suitable swelling property, moderate biodegradation and hemocompatibility in nature and possess suitable mechanical strength for cartilage tissue regeneration. MTT assay, GAG content, and attachment of chondrocyte confirmed the regenerative potential of the cell seeded scaffold. The histopathological analysis defines the suitability of scaffold for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarada Prasanna Mallick
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bhisham Narayan Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Amit Rastogi
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India.
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20
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Carvalho MR, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Mimicking the 3D biology of osteochondral tissue with microfluidic-based solutions: breakthroughs towards boosting drug testing and discovery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:711-718. [PMID: 29337200 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of tissue-engineering (TE) solutions for osteochondral (OC) regeneration has been slowed by technical hurdles related to the recapitulation of their complex and hierarchical architecture. OC defects refer to damage of both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. To repair an OC tissue defect, the complexity of the bone and cartilage must be considered. To help achieve this, microfluidics is converging with TE approaches to provide new treatment possibilities. Microfluidics uses precise micrometer-to-millimeter-scale fluid flows to achieve high-resolution and spatial and/or temporal control of the cell microenvironment, providing powerful tools for cell culturing. Herein, we overview the progress of microfluidics for developing 3D in vitro models of OC tissue, with a focus on cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Carvalho
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Luís Reis
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3Bs Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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21
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Rai V, Dilisio MF, Dietz NE, Agrawal DK. Recent strategies in cartilage repair: A systemic review of the scaffold development and tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2343-2354. [PMID: 28387995 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis results in irreparable loss of articular cartilage. Due to its avascular nature and low mitotic activity, cartilage has little intrinsic capacity for repair. Cartilage loss leads to pain, physical disability, movement restriction, and morbidity. Various treatment strategies have been proposed for cartilage regeneration, but the optimum treatment is yet to be defined. Tissue engineering with engineered constructs aimed towards developing a suitable substrate may help in cartilage regeneration by providing the mechanical, biological and chemical support to the cells. The use of scaffold as a substrate to support the progenitor cells or autologous chondrocytes has given promising results. Leakage of cells, poor cell survival, poor cell differentiation, inadequate integration into the host tissue, incorrect distribution of cells, and dedifferentiation of the normal cartilage are the common problems in tissue engineering. Current research is focused on improving mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffold to make it more efficient. The aim of this review is to provide a critical discussion on existing challenges, scaffold type and properties, and an update on ongoing recent developments in the architecture and composition of scaffold to enhance the proliferation and viability of mesenchymal stem cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2343-2354, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
| | - Matthew F Dilisio
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
- Department of Orthopedics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
| | - Nicholas E Dietz
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
- Department of Pathology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
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