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Yue L, Lim R, Owens BD. Latest Advances in Chondrocyte-Based Cartilage Repair. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1367. [PMID: 38927573 PMCID: PMC11201646 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte-based cell therapy has been used for more than 30 years and is still considered to be a promising method of cartilage repair despite some limitations. This review introduces the latest developments of four generations of autologous chondrocyte implantation and current autologous chondrocyte products. The regeneration of cartilage from adult chondrocytes is limited by culture-induced dedifferentiation and patient age. Cartibeads is an innovative three-step method to produce high-quality hyaline cartilage microtissues, and it is developed from adult dedifferentiated chondrocytes with a high number of cell passages. In addition, allogeneic chondrocyte therapies using the Quantum hollow-fiber bioreactor and several signaling pathways involved in chondrocyte-based cartilage repair are mentioned, such as WNT signaling, the BMP-2/WISP1 pathway, and the FGF19 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Ryan Lim
- Department of Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Brett D. Owens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- University Orthopedics, East Providence, RI 02914, USA
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2
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Bi G, Liu S, Zhong X, Peng Y, Song W, Yang J, Ren L. Thermosensitive Injectable Gradient Hydrogel-Induced Bidirectional Differentiation of BMSCs. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200250. [PMID: 36148592 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects threaten the quality of life of patients to a great extent. To simulate gradient changes in osteochondral tissue, a gradient-mixing injection device consisting of a controller and injection pumps is design. Bioactive glass (BG) and gellan gum (GG) are used to prepare thermosensitive injectable gradient hydrogels (B0.5 G, B1 G) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) range of 37.7-40.2 °C using this device for the first time. The mechanical properties of gradient hydrogels are significantly better than those of pure GG hydrogels. The gradients in the composition, structure, and morphology of gradient hydrogels are confirmed via physicochemical characterization. Cytocompatibility tests show that hydrogels, especially B0.5 G gradient hydrogels, promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Most importantly, qRT-PCR shows that the different components in B0.5 G gradient hydrogels simultaneously induce the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Experimental injection in porcine osteochondral defects indicates that the B0.5 G gradient hydrogel seamlessly fills irregular osteochondral defects in a less invasive manner by controlling the temperature to avoid cellular and tissue damage arising from crosslinkers or other conditions. These results show that thermosensitive injectable B0.5 G gradient hydrogels have the potential for less invasive integrated osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyuan Bi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sa Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xiupeng Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yaotian Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Junzhong Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Li Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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Kutaish H, Tscholl PM, Cosset E, Bengtsson L, Braunersreuther V, Mor FM, Laedermann J, Furfaro I, Stafylakis D, Hannouche D, Gerstel E, Krause KH, Assal M, Menetrey J, Tieng V. Articular Cartilage Repair After Implantation of Hyaline Cartilage Beads Engineered From Adult Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes: Cartibeads Preclinical Efficacy Study in a Large Animal Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:237-249. [PMID: 36592016 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte-based cell therapy to repair cartilage has been used for >25 years despite current limitations. This work presents a new treatment option for cartilage lesions. HYPOTHESIS High-quality hyaline cartilage microtissues called Cartibeads are capable of treating focal chondral lesions once implanted in the defect, by complete fusion of Cartibeads among themselves and their integration with the surrounding native cartilage and subchondral bone. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Cartibeads were first produced from human donors and characterized using histology (safranin O staining of glycosaminoglycan [GAG] and immunohistochemistry of collagen I and II) and GAG dosage. Cartibeads from 6 Göttingen minipigs were engineered and implanted in an autologous condition in the knee (4 or 5 lesions per knee). One group was followed up for 3 months and the other for 6 months. Feasibility and efficacy were measured using histological analysis and macroscopic and microscopic scores. RESULTS Cartibeads revealed hyaline features with strong staining of GAG and collagen II. High GAG content was obtained: 24.6-µg/mg tissue (wet weight), 15.52-µg/mg tissue (dry weight), and 35 ± 3-µg GAG/bead (mean ± SD). Histological analysis of Göttingen minipigs showed good integration of Cartibeads grafts at 3 and 6 months after implantation. The Bern Score of the histological assay comparing grafted versus empty lesions was significant at 3 months (grafted, n = 10; nongrafted, n = 4; score, 3.3 and 5.3, respectively) and 6 months (grafted, n = 11; nongrafted, n = 3; score, 1.6 and 5.1). CONCLUSION We developed an innovative 3-step method allowing, for the first time, the use of fully dedifferentiated adult chondrocytes with a high number of cell passage (owing to the extensive amplification in culture). Cartibeads engineered from chondrocytes hold potential as an advanced therapy medicinal product for treating cartilage lesions with established efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This successful preclinical study, combined with standardized manufacturing of Cartibeads according to good manufacturing practice guidelines, led to the approval of first-in-human clinical trial by the ethics committee and local medical authority. The generated data highlighted a promising therapy to treat cartilage lesions from a small amount of starting biopsy specimen. With our innovative cell amplification technology, very large lesions can be treated, and older active patients can benefit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Kutaish
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, Centre Assal, Clinique La Colline, Hirslanden Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Matthias Tscholl
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erika Cosset
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Oncology Department, Center for Translational Research in Onco- Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bengtsson
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Vanarix SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Braunersreuther
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Maurizio Mor
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Laedermann
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Furfaro
- Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédeérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Stafylakis
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Gerstel
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Clinique la Colline, Hirslanden, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Assal
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, Centre Assal, Clinique La Colline, Hirslanden Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Menetrey
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Centre for Sports Medicine and Exercise, Clinique la Colline, Hirslanden, Geneva, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vannary Tieng
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Vanarix SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Investigation performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, in collaboration with Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Kutaish H, Bengtsson L, Tscholl PM, Marteyn A, Braunersreuther V, Guérin A, Béna F, Gimelli S, Longet D, Ilmjärv S, Dietrich PY, Gerstel E, Jaquet V, Hannouche D, Menetrey J, Assal M, Krause KH, Cosset E, Tieng V. Hyaline Cartilage Microtissues Engineered from Adult Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes: Safety and Role of WNT Signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1219-1231. [PMID: 36318262 PMCID: PMC9801297 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of damaged articular cartilage is an unmet medical need. Chondrocyte-based cell therapy has been used to repair cartilage for over 20 years despite current limitations. Chondrocyte dedifferentiation upon expansion in monolayer is well known and is the main obstacle to their use as cell source for cartilage repair. Consequently, current approaches often lead to fibrocartilage, which is biomechanically different from hyaline cartilage and not effective as a long-lasting treatment. Here, we describe an innovative 3-step method to engineer hyaline-like cartilage microtissues, named Cartibeads, from high passage dedifferentiated chondrocytes. We show that WNT5A/5B/7B genes were highly expressed in dedifferentiated chondrocytes and that a decrease of the WNT signaling pathway was instrumental for full re-differentiation of chondrocytes, enabling production of hyaline matrix instead of fibrocartilage matrix. Cartibeads showed hyaline-like characteristics based on GAG quantity and type II collagen expression independently of donor age and cartilage quality. In vivo, Cartibeads were not tumorigenic when transplanted into SCID mice. This simple 3-step method allowed a standardized production of hyaline-like cartilage microtissues from a small cartilage sample, making Cartibeads a promising candidate for the treatment of cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Matthias Tscholl
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Marteyn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Braunersreuther
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Guérin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Béna
- Service of Genetic Medicine, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Gimelli
- Service of Genetic Medicine, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Longet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sten Ilmjärv
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Oncology Department, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Gerstel
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Clinique la Colline, Hirslanden, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,READS Unit, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Menetrey
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Centre for Sports Medicine and Exercise, Clinique la Colline, Hirslanden, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Assal
- University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, Centre Assal, Clinique La Colline, Hirslanden Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Vannary Tieng
- Corresponding author: Vannary Tieng, Vanarix SA, Avenue Mon-Repos 14, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Tiffany AS, Harley BA. Growing Pains: The Need for Engineered Platforms to Study Growth Plate Biology. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200471. [PMID: 35905390 PMCID: PMC9547842 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growth plates, or physis, are highly specialized cartilage tissues responsible for longitudinal bone growth in children and adolescents. Chondrocytes that reside in growth plates are organized into three distinct zones essential for proper function. Modeling key features of growth plates may provide an avenue to develop advanced tissue engineering strategies and perspectives for cartilage and bone regenerative medicine applications and a platform to study processes linked to disease progression. In this review, a brief introduction of the growth plates and their role in skeletal development is first provided. Injuries and diseases of the growth plates as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms associated with remodeling and disease progression are discussed. Growth plate biology, namely, its architecture and extracellular matrix organization, resident cell types, and growth factor signaling are then focused. Next, opportunities and challenges for developing 3D biomaterial models to study aspects of growth plate biology and disease in vitro are discussed. Finally, opportunities for increasingly sophisticated in vitro biomaterial models of the growth plate to study spatiotemporal aspects of growth plate remodeling, to investigate multicellular signaling underlying growth plate biology, and to develop platforms that address key roadblocks to in vivo musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleczandria S. Tiffany
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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6
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Temperature and dilution effects on MTO process with a SAPO-34-based catalyst in fluidized bed reactor. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Yang SW, Chen YJ, Chen CJ, Liu JT, Yang CY, Tsai JH, Lu HE, Chen SY, Chang SJ. High-Density Horizontal Stacking of Chondrocytes via the Synergy of Biocompatible Magnetic Gelatin Nanocarriers and Internal Magnetic Navigation for Enhancing Cartilage Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:809. [PMID: 35215722 PMCID: PMC8963011 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a globally occurring articular cartilage degeneration disease that adversely affects both the physical and mental well-being of the patient, including limited mobility. One major pathological characteristic of OA is primarily related to articular cartilage defects resulting from abrasion and catabolic and proinflammatory mediators in OA joints. Although cell therapy has hitherto been regarded as a promising treatment for OA, the therapeutic effects did not meet expectations due to the outflow of implanted cells. Here, we aimed to explore the repair effect of magnetized chondrocytes using magnetic amphiphilic-gelatin nanocarrier (MAGNC) to enhance cellular anchored efficiency and cellular magnetic guidance (MG) toward the superficial zone of damaged cartilage. The results of in vitro experiments showed that magnetized chondrocytes could be rapidly guided along the magnetic force line to form cellular amassment. Furthermore, the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif of gelatin in MAGNC could integrate the interaction among cells to form cellular stacking. In addition, MAGNCs upregulated the gene expression of collagen II (Col II), aggrecan, and downregulated that of collagen I (Col I) to reduce cell dedifferentiation. In animal models, the magnetized chondrocytes can be guided into the superficial zone with the interaction between the internal magnetic field and MAGNC to form cellular stacking. In vivo results showed that the intensity of N-sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and Col II in the group of magnetized cells with magnetic guiding was higher than that in the other groups. Furthermore, smooth closure of OA cartilage defects was observed in the superficial zone after 8 weeks of implantation. The study revealed the significant potential of MAGNC in promoting the high-density stacking of chondrocytes into the cartilage surface and retaining the biological functions of implanted chondrocytes for OA cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Ji Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- School of Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Chin-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
| | - Jen-Hao Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300093, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 813414, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (C.-Y.Y.); (J.-H.T.)
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8
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Restoration of the Phenotype of Dedifferentiated Rabbit Chondrocytes by Sesquiterpene Farnesol. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010186. [PMID: 35057081 PMCID: PMC8779926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. The phenotype and metabolism behavior of chondrocytes plays crucial roles in maintaining articular cartilage function. Chondrocytes dedifferentiate and lose their cartilage phenotype after successive subcultures or inflammation and synthesize collagen I and X (COL I and COL X). Farnesol, a sesquiterpene compound, has an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes collagen synthesis. However, its potent restoration effects on differentiated chondrocytes have seldom been evaluated. The presented study investigated farnesol's effect on phenotype restoration by examining collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis from dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The results indicated that chondrocytes gradually dedifferentiated through cellular morphology change, reduced expressions of COL II and SOX9, increased the expression of COL X and diminished GAG synthesis during four passages of subcultures. Pure farnesol and hyaluronan-encapsulated farnesol nanoparticles promote COL II synthesis. GAG synthesis significantly increased 2.5-fold after a farnesol treatment of dedifferentiated chondrocytes, indicating the restoration of chondrocyte functions. In addition, farnesol drastically increased the synthesis of COL II (2.5-fold) and GAG (15-fold) on interleukin-1β-induced dedifferentiated chondrocytes. A significant reduction of COL I, COL X and proinflammatory cytokine prostaglandin E2 was observed. In summary, farnesol may serve as a therapeutic agent in OA treatment.
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9
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Tassey J, Sarkar A, Van Handel B, Lu J, Lee S, Evseenko D. A Single-Cell Culture System for Dissecting Microenvironmental Signaling in Development and Disease of Cartilage Tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725854. [PMID: 34733842 PMCID: PMC8558457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is comprised of extracellular matrix and chondrocytes, a cell type with very low cellular turnover in adults, providing limited capacity for regeneration. However, in development a significant number of chondrocytes actively proliferate and remodel the surrounding matrix. Uncoupling the microenvironmental influences that determine the balance between clonogenic potential and terminal differentiation of these cells is essential for the development of novel approaches for cartilage regeneration. Unfortunately, most of the existing methods are not applicable for the analysis of functional properties of chondrocytes at a single cell resolution. Here we demonstrate that a novel 3D culture method provides a long-term and permissive in vitro niche that selects for highly clonogenic, colony-forming chondrocytes which maintain cartilage-specific matrix production, thus recapitulating the in vivo niche. As a proof of concept, clonogenicity of Sox9IRES–EGFP mouse chondrocytes is almost exclusively found in the highest GFP+ fraction known to be enriched for chondrocyte progenitor cells. Although clonogenic chondrocytes are very rare in adult cartilage, we have optimized this system to support large, single cell-derived chondrogenic organoids with complex zonal architecture and robust chondrogenic phenotype from adult pig and human articular chondrocytes. Moreover, we have demonstrated that growth trajectory and matrix biosynthesis in these organoids respond to a pro-inflammatory environment. This culture method offers a robust, defined and controllable system that can be further used to interrogate the effects of various microenvironmental signals on chondrocytes, providing a high throughput platform to assess genetic and environmental factors in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Tassey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arijita Sarkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jinxiu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Yao Y, Wang C. Dedifferentiation: inspiration for devising engineering strategies for regenerative medicine. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:14. [PMID: 32821434 PMCID: PMC7395755 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dedifferentiation is the process by which cells grow reversely from a partially or terminally differentiated stage to a less differentiated stage within their own lineage. This extraordinary phenomenon, observed in many physiological processes, inspires the possibility of developing new therapeutic approaches to regenerate damaged tissue and organs. Meanwhile, studies also indicate that dedifferentiation can cause pathological changes. In this review, we compile the literature describing recent advances in research on dedifferentiation, with an emphasis on tissue-specific findings, cellular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications from an engineering perspective. A critical understanding of such knowledge may provide fresh insights for designing new therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine based on the principle of cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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11
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Weber AE, Jalali O, Limfat S, Shkhyan R, Van Der Horst R, Lee S, Lin Y, Li L, Mayer EN, Wang L, Liu NQ, Petrigliano FA, Lieberman JR, Evseenko D. Modulation of Hedgehog Signaling by Kappa Opioids to Attenuate Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1278-1288. [PMID: 32249508 DOI: 10.1002/art.41250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition of hedgehog (HH) signaling prevents cartilage degeneration and promotes repair in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA). This study, undertaken in OA models and in human OA articular cartilage, was designed to explore whether kappa opioid receptor (KOR) modulation via the inhibition of HH signaling may have therapeutic potential for achieving disease-modifying activity in OA. METHODS Primary human articular cartilage and synovial tissue samples from patients with knee OA undergoing total joint replacement and from healthy human subjects were obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange. For in vivo animal studies, a partial medial meniscectomy (PMM) model of knee OA in rats was used. A novel automated 3-dimensional indentation tester (Mach-1) was used to quantify the thickness and stiffness properties of the articular cartilage. RESULTS Inhibition of HH signaling through KOR activation was achieved with a selective peptide agonist, JT09, which reduced HH signaling via the cAMP/CREB pathway in OA human articular chondrocytes (P = 0.002 for treated versus untreated OA chondrocytes). Moreover, JT09 markedly decreased matrix degeneration induced by an HH agonist, SAG, in pig articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants (P = 0.026 versus untreated controls). In vivo application of JT09 via intraarticular injection into the rat knee joint after PMM surgery significantly attenuated articular cartilage degeneration (60% improvement in the tibial plateau; P = 0.021 versus vehicle-treated controls). In JT09-treated rats, cartilage content, structure, and functional properties were largely maintained, and osteophyte formation was reduced by 70% (P = 0.005 versus vehicle-treated controls). CONCLUSION The results of this study define a novel mechanism for the role of KOR in articular cartilage homeostasis and disease, providing a potential unifying mechanistic basis for the overlap in disease processes and features involving opioid and HH signaling. Moreover, this study identifies a potential novel therapeutic strategy in which KOR modulation can improve outcomes in patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Jalali
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Sean Limfat
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Siyoung Lee
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Yucheng Lin
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongda Hospital, and Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Nanjing First Hospital, and Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Liming Wang
- Nanjing Medical University and Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Nancy Q Liu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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12
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Tee CA, Yang Z, Yin L, Wu Y, Han J, Lee EH. Improved zonal chondrocyte production protocol integrating size-based inertial spiral microchannel separation and dynamic microcarrier culture for clinical application. Biomaterials 2019; 220:119409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Sánchez-Téllez DA, Téllez-Jurado L, Rodríguez-Lorenzo LM. Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration, from Polysaccharides to Hybrids. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E671. [PMID: 30965974 PMCID: PMC6418920 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this paper are: (1) to review the current state of the art in the field of cartilage substitution and regeneration; (2) to examine the patented biomaterials being used in preclinical and clinical stages; (3) to explore the potential of polymeric hydrogels for these applications and the reasons that hinder their clinical success. The studies about hydrogels used as potential biomaterials selected for this review are divided into the two major trends in tissue engineering: (1) the use of cell-free biomaterials; and (2) the use of cell seeded biomaterials. Preparation techniques and resulting hydrogel properties are also reviewed. More recent proposals, based on the combination of different polymers and the hybridization process to improve the properties of these materials, are also reviewed. The combination of elements such as scaffolds (cellular solids), matrices (hydrogel-based), growth factors and mechanical stimuli is needed to optimize properties of the required materials in order to facilitate tissue formation, cartilage regeneration and final clinical application. Polymer combinations and hybrids are the most promising materials for this application. Hybrid scaffolds may maximize cell growth and local tissue integration by forming cartilage-like tissue with biomimetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Anahí Sánchez-Téllez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ESIQIE, Depto. Ing. en Metalurgia y Materiales, UPALM-Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Téllez-Jurado
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ESIQIE, Depto. Ing. en Metalurgia y Materiales, UPALM-Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
| | - Luís María Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Lu D, Qu J, Sun L, Li Q, Ling H, Yang N, Ma T, Wang Q, Li M, Zhang K, Li Z. Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis‑related TRPM7 channel mediates chondrocyte hypertrophy via regulation of the PI3K‑Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5699-5705. [PMID: 28849029 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are specialized cells that form cartilage tissue, and are able to respond to their osmotic environment and exercise important roles in endochondral ossification via undergoing proliferation, hypertrophy and apoptosis. The transient receptor melastatin potential 7 (TRPM7) cation channel can modulate the intracellular and extracellular levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and therefore the cellular osmotic environment. However, the molecular pathways involved in TRPM7‑mediated signal transduction have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression and functionality of TRPM7 were investigated during chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. The ATDC5 mouse cell line was employed and cellular viability was evaluated using the MTT assay, whereas hypertrophy was monitored via evaluating the expression of chondrogenic marker genes and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Gene expression of TRPM7 appeared slightly upregulated during the proliferative stages of chondrocyte development, and significantly upregulated during the hypertrophic stages, suggesting the importance of Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis for chondrocyte growth. Low extracellular Ca2+/Mg2+ levels significantly reduced the expression of type X collagen, Indian hedgehog homolog (Ihh) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑13 genes, as well as ALP activity; however, cell viability remained unaffected. Conversely, the gene expression levels of TRPM7 appeared upregulated in ATDC5 cells under low extracellular Ca2+ or Mg2+ conditions. Silencing TRPM7 expression during the chondrocyte differentiation period also reduced type X collagen, Ihh and MMP‑13 gene expression, and ALP activity. Furthermore, the phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K)‑Akt signaling pathway was activated following TRPM7 overexpression, and inhibited following TRPM7 silencing. Notably, the actions of TRPM7 on chondrocyte hypertrophy were abolished through the inhibition of PI3K‑Akt signaling. The present results suggested that TRPM7 may be involved in Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis during chondrocyte hypertrophy, and contribute to endochondral ossification via interacting with the PI3K‑Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jining Qu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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15
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Inferring Genes and Biological Functions That Are Sensitive to the Severity of Toxicity Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040755. [PMID: 28368331 PMCID: PMC5412340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective development of new drugs relies on the identification of genes that are related to the symptoms of toxicity. Although many researchers have inferred toxicity markers, most have focused on discovering toxicity occurrence markers rather than toxicity severity markers. In this study, we aimed to identify gene markers that are relevant to both the occurrence and severity of toxicity symptoms. To identify gene markers for each of four targeted liver toxicity symptoms, we used microarray expression profiles and pathology data from 14,143 in vivo rat samples. The gene markers were found using sparse linear discriminant analysis (sLDA) in which symptom severity is used as a class label. To evaluate the inferred gene markers, we constructed regression models that predicted the severity of toxicity symptoms from gene expression profiles. Our cross-validated results revealed that our approach was more successful at finding gene markers sensitive to the aggravation of toxicity symptoms than conventional methods. Moreover, these markers were closely involved in some of the biological functions significantly related to toxicity severity in the four targeted symptoms.
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16
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Naranda J, Gradišnik L, Gorenjak M, Vogrin M, Maver U. Isolation and characterization of human articular chondrocytes from surgical waste after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3079. [PMID: 28344902 PMCID: PMC5363257 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue engineering is a fast-evolving field of biomedical engineering, in which the chondrocytes represent the most commonly used cell type. Since research in tissue engineering always consumes a lot of cells, simple and cheap isolation methods could form a powerful basis to boost such studies and enable their faster progress to the clinics. Isolated chondrocytes can be used for autologous chondrocyte implantation in cartilage repair, and are the base for valuable models to investigate cartilage phenotype preservation, as well as enable studies of molecular features, nature and scales of cellular responses to alterations in the cartilage tissue. METHODS Isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes from the surgical waste obtained during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed. To evaluate the chondrogenic potential of the isolated cells, gene expression of collagen type 2 (COL2), collagen 1 (COL1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was evaluated. Immunocytochemical staining of all mentioned proteins was performed to evaluate chondrocyte specific production. RESULTS Cartilage specific gene expression of COL2 and ACAN has been shown that the proposed protocol leads to isolation of cells with a high chondrogenic potential, possibly even specific phenotype preservation up to the second passage. COL1 expression has confirmed the tendency of the isolated cells dedifferentiation into a fibroblast-like phenotype already in the second passage, which confirms previous findings that higher passages should be used with care in cartilage tissue engineering. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, immunocytochemical staining of the evaluated chondrocyte specific products was performed as well. DISCUSSION In this study, we developed a protocol for isolation and consequent cultivation of primary human adult articular chondrocytes with the desired phenotype from the surgical waste obtained during TKA. TKA is a common and very frequently performed orthopaedic surgery during which both femoral condyles are removed. The latter present the ideal source for a simple and relatively cheap isolation of chondrocytes as was confirmed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Naranda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Vogrin
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
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17
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Wu L, Zhang S, Shkhyan R, Lee S, Gullo F, Eliasberg CD, Petrigliano FA, Ba K, Wang J, Lin Y, Evseenko D. Kappa opioid receptor signaling protects cartilage tissue against posttraumatic degeneration. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e88553. [PMID: 28097228 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, and pain relief with opioid-like drugs is a commonly used therapeutic for osteoarthritic patients. Recent studies published by our group showed that the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is highly expressed during human development in joint-forming cells. However, the precise role of this receptor in the skeletal system remains elusive. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the role of KOR signaling in synovial and cartilaginous tissues in pathological conditions. Our data demonstrate that KOR null mice exhibit accelerated cartilage degeneration after injury when compared with WT mice. Activation of KOR signaling increased the expression of anabolic enzymes and inhibited cartilage catabolism and degeneration in response to proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. In addition, selective KOR agonists increased joint lubrication via the activation of cAMP/CREB signaling in chondrocytes and synovial cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate direct effects of KOR agonists on cartilage and synovial cells and reveals a protective effect of KOR signaling against cartilage degeneration after injury. In addition to pain control, local administration of dynorphin or other KOR agonist represents an attractive therapeutic approach in patients with early stages of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruzanna Shkhyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francesca Gullo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claire D Eliasberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kai Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Riegger J, Joos H, Palm HG, Friemert B, Reichel H, Ignatius A, Brenner RE. Antioxidative therapy in an ex vivo human cartilage trauma-model: attenuation of trauma-induced cell loss and ECM-destructive enzymes by N-acetyl cysteine. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:2171-2180. [PMID: 27514995 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical trauma of articular cartilage results in cell loss and cytokine-driven inflammatory response. Subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species enhances the enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aims on the therapeutic potential of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in a human ex vivo cartilage trauma-model, focusing on cell- and chondroprotective features. DESIGN Human full-thickness cartilage explants were subjected to a defined impact trauma (0.59 J) and treated with NAC. Efficiency of NAC administration was evaluated by following outcome parameters: cell viability, apoptosis rate, anabolic/catabolic gene expression, secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and proteoglycan (PG) release. RESULTS Continuous NAC administration increased cell viability and reduced the apoptosis rate after trauma. It also suppressed trauma-induced gene expression of ECM-destructive enzymes, such as ADAMTS-4, MMP-1, -2, -3 and -13 in a dosage- and time-depending manner. Subsequent suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-13 secretion reflected these findings on protein level. Moreover, NAC inhibited proteolytic activity of MMPs and reduced PG release. CONCLUSION In the context of this ex vivo study, we showed not only remarkable cell- and chondroprotective features, but also revealed new encouraging findings concerning the therapeutically effective concentration and treatment-time regimen of NAC. Its defense against chondrocyte apoptosis and catabolic enzyme secretion recommends NAC as a multifunctional add-on reagent for pharmaceutical intervention after cartilage injury. Taken together, our data increase the knowledge on the therapeutic potential of NAC after cartilage trauma and presents a basis for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Joos
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H G Palm
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Friemert
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Reichel
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - R E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Efficiency of Human Epiphyseal Chondrocytes with Differential Replication Numbers for Cellular Therapy Products. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6437658. [PMID: 27999805 PMCID: PMC5143694 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6437658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cell-based therapy for cartilage or bone requires a large number of cells; serial passages of chondrocytes are, therefore, needed. However, fates of expanded chondrocytes from extra fingers remain unclarified. The chondrocytes from human epiphyses morphologically changed from small polygonal cells to bipolar elongated spindle cells and to large polygonal cells with degeneration at early passages. Gene of type II collagen was expressed in the cells only at a primary culture (Passage 0) and Passage 1 (P1) cells. The nodules by implantation of P0 to P8 cells were composed of cartilage and perichondrium. The cartilage consisted of chondrocytes with round nuclei and type II collagen-positive matrix, and the perichondrium consisted of spindle cells with type I collage-positive matrix. The cartilage and perichondrium developed to bone with marrow cavity through enchondral ossification. Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis by epiphyseal chondrocytes depended on replication number in culture. It is noteworthy to take population doubling level in correlation with pharmaceutical efficacy into consideration when we use chondrocytes for cell-based therapies.
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20
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Chao Wei C, Qi Ping D, Tian You F, Yong Qiang C, Tao C. Icariin Prevents Cartilage and Bone Degradation in Experimental Models of Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9529630. [PMID: 27199510 PMCID: PMC4854995 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9529630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is an active compound extracted from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Previous reports have shown that icariin has a clinically significant therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis. However, little is known about the mechanism by which icariin inhibits cartilage and bone degradation. METHODS New Zealand rabbits were immunized with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and treated with icariin. Joint tissues from rabbits were studied by histological analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and micro-CT. The expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in joint tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Histological analysis and TEM sections of cartilage in the ICA treated group showed a low level of chondrocyte destruction. Micro-CT analysis showed that the bone mineral density value and bone structural level in ICA treated rabbits were significantly higher compared with those in the AIA group. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analysis showed that icariin treatment reduced RANKL expression and enhanced OPG expression levels, as compared to the AIA group. CONCLUSION These data indicate that ICA suppresses articular bone loss and prevents joint destruction. This study also determined that ICA regulated articular bone loss in part by regulating RANKL and OPG expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chao Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Dai Qi Ping
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Fan Tian You
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Chen Yong Qiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Che Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200071, China
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Ashraf S, Cha BH, Kim JS, Ahn J, Han I, Park H, Lee SH. Regulation of senescence associated signaling mechanisms in chondrocytes for cartilage tissue regeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:196-205. [PMID: 26190795 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult articular chondrocytes undergo slow senescence and dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion, restricting successful cartilage regeneration. A complete understanding of the molecular signaling pathways involved in the senescence and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes is essential in order to better characterize chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering applications. During expansion, cell fate is determined by the change in expression of various genes in response to aspects of the microenvironment, including oxidative stress, mechanical stress, and unsuitable culture conditions. Rapid senescence or dedifferentiation not only results in the loss of the chondrocytic phenotype but also enhances production of inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes. This review focuses on the two groups of genes that play direct and indirect roles in the induction of senescence and dedifferentiation. Numerous degenerative signaling pathways associated with these genes have been reported. Upregulation of the genes interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), p53, p16, p21, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is responsible for the direct induction of senescence, whereas downregulation of the genes transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), indirectly induces senescence. In senescent and dedifferentiated chondrocytes, it was found that TGF-β, BMP-2, SOX9, and IGF-1 are downregulated, while the levels of IL-1β, p53, p16, p21, and p38 MAPK are upregulated followed by inhibition of the normal molecular functioning of the chondrocytes. This review helps to elucidate the underlying mechanism in degenerative cartilage disease, which may help to improve cartilage tissue regeneration techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashraf
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - B-H Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - J-S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - J Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - I Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, 59, Yatap-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Kyeunggi-do, 463-712, South Korea.
| | - H Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Duan L, Liang Y, Ma B, Zhu W, Wang D. Epigenetic regulation in chondrocyte phenotype maintenance for cell-based cartilage repair. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2127-2140. [PMID: 26807163 PMCID: PMC4697695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Loss of hyaline chondrocyte phenotype during the monolayer culture in vitro is a major obstacle for cell-based articular cartilage repair. Increasing evidence implicates an important role of the epigenetic regulation in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype. DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs have all been shown to contribute to chondrocyte dedifferentiation and hypertrophy. Moreover, the interplay among epigenetic regulators forms a complicated epigenetic network in regulating chondrocyte dedifferentiation. This review provides a detailed overview of the epigenetic regulation in maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype for chondrocyte-based cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital ZurichZurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
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23
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Aleshcheva G, Wehland M, Sahana J, Bauer J, Corydon TJ, Hemmersbach R, Frett T, Egli M, Infanger M, Grosse J, Grimm D. Moderate alterations of the cytoskeleton in human chondrocytes after short-term microgravity produced by parabolic flight maneuvers could be prevented by up-regulation of BMP-2 and SOX-9. FASEB J 2015; 29:2303-14. [PMID: 25681461 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Real and simulated microgravity induce a variety of changes in human cells. Most importantly, changes in the cytoskeleton have been noted, and studies on microtubules have shown that they are gravisensitive. This study focuses on the effects of short-term real microgravity on gene expression, protein content, and cytoskeletal structure of human chondrocytes. We cultivated human chondrocytes, took them along a parabolic flight during the 24th Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Parabolic (DLR) Flight Campaign, and fixed them after the 1st and the 31st parabola. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed no changes after the 1st parabola, but disruptions of β-tubulin, vimentin, and cytokeratin networks after the 31st parabola. No F-actin stress fibers were detected even after 31 parabolas. Furthermore, mRNA and protein quantifications after the 31st parabola showed a clear up-regulation of cytoskeletal genes and proteins. The mRNAs were significantly up-regulated as follows: TUBB, 2-fold; VIM, 1.3-fold; KRT8, 1.8-fold; ACTB, 1.9-fold; ICAM1, 4.8-fold; OPN, 7-fold; ITGA10, 1.5-fold; ITGB1, 1.2-fold; TGFB1, 1.5-fold; CAV1, 2.6-fold; SOX9, 1.7-fold; BMP-2, 5.3-fold. However, SOX5 (-25%) and SOX6 (-28%) gene expression was decreased. Contrary, no significant changes in gene expression levels were observed during vibration and hypergravity experiments. These data suggest that short-term microgravity affects the gene expression of distinct proteins. In contrast to poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer cells or human endothelial cells, chondrocytes only exert moderate cytoskeletal alterations. The up-regulation of BMP-2, TGF-β1, and SOX9 in chondrocytes may play a key role in preventing cytoskeletal alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Aleshcheva
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timo Frett
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jirka Grosse
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- *Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; DLR German Aerospace Center, Biomedical Research, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany; Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Luzerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hergiswil, Switzerland; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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24
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Lysophosphatidic acid mediates fibrosis in injured joints by regulating collagen type I biosynthesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:308-18. [PMID: 25464168 PMCID: PMC4465392 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue which forms the surfaces in synovial joints. Full-thickness cartilage defects caused by trauma or microfracture surgery heal via the formation of fibrotic tissue characterized by a high content of collagen I (COL I) and subsequent poor mechanical properties. The goal of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis after joint injury. DESIGN Rat knee joint models were used to mimic cartilage defects after acute injury. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect proteins related to fibrosis. Human fetal chondrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were used to study the influence of the lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on COL I synthesis. Quantitative PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the production of COL I. Chemical inhibitors were used to block LPA signaling both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS After full-thickness cartilage injury in rat knee joints, stromal cells migrating to the injury expressed high levels of the LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX); intact articular cartilage in rat and humans expressed negligible levels of ATX despite expressing the LPA receptors LPAR1 and LPAR2. LPA-induced increases in COL I production by chondrocytes and BMSCs were mediated by the MAP kinase and PI3 Kinase signaling pathways. Inhibition of the ATX/LPA axis significantly reduced COL I-enriched fibrocartilage synthesis in full-thickness cartilage defects in rats in favor of the collagen II-enriched normal state. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results identify an attractive target for intervention in reducing the progression of post-traumatic fibrosis and osteoarthritis.
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25
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Tekari A, Luginbuehl R, Hofstetter W, Egli RJ. Chondrocytes expressing intracellular collagen type II enter the cell cycle and co-express collagen type I in monolayer culture. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1503-11. [PMID: 25043137 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For autologous chondrocyte transplantation, articular chondrocytes are harvested from cartilage tissue and expanded in vitro in monolayer culture. We aimed to characterize with a cellular resolution the synthesis of collagen type II (COL2) and collagen type I (COL1) during expansion in order to further understand why these cells lose the potential to form cartilage tissue when re-introduced into a microenvironment that supports chondrogenesis. During expansion for six passages, levels of transcripts encoding COL2 decreased to <0.1%, whereas transcript levels encoding COL1 increased 370-fold as compared to primary chondrocytes. Flow cytometry for intracellular proteins revealed that chondrocytes acquired a COL2/COL1-double positive phenotype during expansion, and the COL2 positive cells were able to enter the cell cycle. While the fraction of COL2 positive cells decreased from 70% to <2% in primary chondrocytes to passage six cells, the fraction of COL1 positive cells increased from <1% to >95%. In parallel to the decrease of the fraction of COL2 positive cells, the cells' potential to form cartilage-like tissue in pellet cultures steadily decreased. Intracellular staining for COL2 enables for characterization of chondrocyte lineage cells in more detail with a cellular resolution, and it may allow predicting the effectiveness of expanded chondrocytes to form cartilage-like tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Tekari
- Group for Bone Biology and Orthopaedic Research, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Aleshcheva G, Sahana J, Ma X, Hauslage J, Hemmersbach R, Egli M, Infanger M, Bauer J, Grimm D. Changes in morphology, gene expression and protein content in chondrocytes cultured on a random positioning machine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79057. [PMID: 24244418 PMCID: PMC3823937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering of chondrocytes on a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) is a new strategy for cartilage regeneration. Using a three-dimensional RPM, a device designed to simulate microgravity on Earth, we investigated the early effects of RPM exposure on human chondrocytes of six different donors after 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, 16 h, and 24 h and compared the results with the corresponding static controls cultured under normal gravity conditions. As little as 30 min of RPM exposure resulted in increased expression of several genes responsible for cell motility, structure and integrity (beta-actin); control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis (TGF-β1, osteopontin); and cytoskeletal components such as microtubules (beta-tubulin) and intermediate filaments (vimentin). After 4 hours of RPM exposure disruptions in the vimentin network were detected. These changes were less dramatic after 16 hours on the RPM, when human chondrocytes appeared to reorganize their cytoskeleton. However, the gene expression and protein content of TGF-β1 was enhanced during RPM culture for 24 h. Taking these results together, we suggest that chondrocytes exposed to the RPM seem to change their extracellular matrix production behaviour while they rearrange their cytoskeletal proteins prior to forming three-dimensional aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Aleshcheva
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Xiao Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Hauslage
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Biomedizinisches Wissenschafts- Unterstützungszentrum, Gravitationsbiologie, Köln, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Biomedizinisches Wissenschafts- Unterstützungszentrum, Gravitationsbiologie, Köln, Germany
| | - Marcel Egli
- Aerospace Biomedical Science & Technology, Space Biology Group, Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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