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Kaur G, Wu B, Murali S, Lanigan T, Coleman RM. A synthetic, closed-looped gene circuit for the autonomous regulation of RUNX2 activity during chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23484. [PMID: 38407380 PMCID: PMC10981937 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300348rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX2 is a key regulator of chondrocyte phenotype during development, making it an ideal target for prevention of undesirable chondrocyte maturation in cartilage tissue-engineering strategies. Here, we engineered an autoregulatory gene circuit (cisCXp-shRunx2) that negatively controls RUNX2 activity in chondrogenic cells via RNA interference initiated by a tunable synthetic Col10a1-like promoter (cisCXp). The cisCXp-shRunx2 gene circuit is designed based on the observation that induced RUNX2 silencing after early chondrogenesis enhances the accumulation of cartilaginous matrix in ATDC5 cells. We show that the cisCXp-shRunx2 initiates RNAi of RUNX2 in maturing chondrocytes in response to the increasing intracellular RUNX2 activity without interfering with early chondrogenesis. The induced loss of RUNX2 activity in turn negatively regulates the gene circuit itself. Moreover, the efficacy of RUNX2 suppression from cisCXp-shRunx2 can be controlled by modifying the sensitivity of cisCXp promoter. Finally, we show the efficacy of inhibiting RUNX2 in preventing matrix loss in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived (hMSC-derived) cartilage under conditions that induce chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, including inflammation. Overall, our results demonstrated that the negative modulation of RUNX2 activity with our autoregulatory gene circuit enhanced matrix synthesis and resisted ECM degradation by reprogrammed MSC-derived chondrocytes in response to the microenvironment of the degenerative joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Biming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sunjana Murali
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Lanigan
- Biomedical Research Vector Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rhima M. Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Chen Z, Ding W, Duan P, Lv X, Feng Y, Yin Z, Luo Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhou T, Tan H. HWJMSC-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury through regulation of the BMP2/RUNX2 axis via up-regulation TFRC. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110604. [PMID: 36669606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Articular osteochondral injury is a common and frequently occurring disease in orthopedics that is caused by aging, disease, and trauma. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response, which exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell (HWJMSC) extracellular vesicles (HWJMSC-EVs) have been shown to promote cartilage regeneration. The study aimed to investigate the influence and mechanisms of HWJMSC-EVs on the viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. HWJMSC-EVs were isolated by Ribo™ Exosome Isolation Reagent kit. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to determine the size and concentration of HWJMSC-EVs. We characterized HWJMSC-EVs by western blot and transmission electron microscope. The differentiation, viability, and protein level of chondrocytes were measured by Alcian blue staining, Cell Counting Kit-8, and western blot, respectively. Flow cytometer was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle of chondrocytes. The results showed that HWJMSCs relieved IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by inhibiting apoptosis and elevating viability and cell cycle of chondrocyte, which was reversed with exosome inhibitor (GW4869). HWJMSC-EVs were successfully extracted and proven to be uptake by chondrocytes. HWJMSC-EVs ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and elevating viability and cycle of cell, but these effects were effectively reversed by knockdown of transferrin receptor (TFRC). Notably, using bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) pathway agonist and inhibitor suggested that HWJMSC-EVs ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury through activating the BMP2 pathway via up-regulation TFRC. Furthermore, over-expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) reversed the effects of BMP2 pathway inhibitor promotion of IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. These results suggested that HWJMSC-EVs ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by regulating the BMP2/RUNX2 axis via up-regulation TFRC. HWJMSC-EVs may play a new insight for early medical interventions in patients with articular osteochondral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Ding
- College of Medicine Technology, Yunnan Medical Health College, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Peiya Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yujiao Feng
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhengbo Yin
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhigui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Hongbo Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
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3
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A composite, off-the-shelf osteoinductive material for large, vascularized bone flap prefabrication. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:641-649. [PMID: 36261107 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously described an immortalized, genetically-engineered human Mesenchymal stromal cell line to generate BMP2-enriched Chondrogenic Matrices (MB-CM), which after devitalization and storage could efficiently induce ectopic bone tissue by endochondral ossification. In order to increase the efficiency of MB-CM utilization towards engineering scaled-up bone structures, here we hypothesized that MB-CM can retain osteoinductive properties when combined with an osteoconductive material. We first tested different volumetric ratios of MB-CM:SmartBone® (as clinically used, osteoconductive reference material) and assessed the bone formation capacity of the resulting composites following ectopic mouse implantation. After 8 weeks, as little as 25% of MB-CM was sufficient to induce bone formation and fusion across SmartBone® granules, generating large interconnected bony structures. The same composite percentage was then further assessed in a scaled-up model, namely within an axially-vascularized, confined, ectopically prefabricated flap (0.8 cm3) in rats. The material efficiently induced the formation of new bone (31% of the cross-sectional area after 8 weeks), including bone marrow and vascular elements, throughout the flap volume. Our findings outline a strategy for efficient use of MB-CM as part of a composite material, thereby reducing the amount required to fill large spaces and enabling utilization in critically sized grafts, to address challenging clinical scenarios in bone reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Most bone repair strategies rely either on osteconductive properties of ceramics and devitalized bone, or osteoinductive properties of growth factors and extracellular matrices (ECM). Here we designed a composite material made of a clinically accepted osteoconductive material and an off-the-shelf tissue engineered human cartilage ECM with strong osteoinductive properties. We showed that low amount of osteoinductive ECM potentiated host cells recruitment to form large vascularized bone structures in two different animal models, one being a challenging prefabricated bone-flap model targeting challenging clinical bone repair. Overall, this study highlights the use of a promising human off-the-shelf material for accelerated healing towards clinical applications.
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4
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Yao M, Xu W, Meng Y, Chen S, Lu Q. Natural Tissue-Imprinted Biointerface for the Topographical Education of a Biomimetic Cell Sheet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7921-7928. [PMID: 35732510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheet engineering as a cell-based scaffold-free therapy is promising in tissue engineering, allowing precise transforming treatments for various tissue damage. However, the current cutting-edge techniques are still hampered by the difficulty in mimicking the natural tissue organizations and the corresponding physiological functions. In this work, cell-imprinting technology using the natural tissue as a template was proposed to rationally educate the cellular alignment in the cell sheet. Through this technique, we obtained temporary templates with morphological structure complementary to native tissues and then directly transferred the structure on the template to the collagen layer on a photothermally convertible substrate by secondary imprinting replication. The resultant biomimetic interface was used for cell culture and release to obtain a cell sheet with a texture similar to the natural tissue morphology. Different from conventional photolithography, the natural tissue-imprinted biointerface guides the geometry of cell sheets in the way of natural principles instead of stereotyped or overuniform cell organization. Simultaneously, a near-infrared laser (NIR) was used to irradiate the photothermally responsive substrate to obtain complete cell sheets efficiently and nondestructively. The natural tissue-educated myocardium cell sheets exhibited good physiological activity and biomimetic biofunctions, such as mechanical properties and physiological performances. This approach might open an inspiring prospect in regenerative medicine and offer a new approach to realizing the biomimetic tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | | | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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5
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Novello S, Tricot-Doleux S, Novella A, Pellen-Mussi P, Jeanne S. Influence of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on Osteoblasts. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040729. [PMID: 35456563 PMCID: PMC9028528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are involved in the regeneration of various missing or compromised periodontal tissues, including bone. MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) has recently been explored as a favorable surrogate for stem cell therapy, as it is capable of producing comparable therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC)-CM on osteoblasts (OB) and its potential as a therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration. Human PDLSC were isolated and characterized, and CM from these cells was collected. The presence of exosomes in the culture supernatant was observed by immunofluorescence and by transmission electron microscopy. CM was added to a cultured osteoblastic cell line (Saos-2 cells) and viability (MTT assay) and gene expression analysis (real-time PCR) were examined. A cell line derived from the periodontal ligament and showing all the characteristics of MSC was successfully isolated and characterized. The addition of PDLSC-CM to Saos-2 cells led to an enhancement of their proliferation and an increased expression of some osteoblastic differentiation markers, but this differentiation was not complete. Saos-2 cells were involved in the initial inflammation process by releasing IL-6 and activating COX2. The effects of PDLSC-CM on Saos-2 appear to arise from a cumulative effect of different effective components rather than a few factors present at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solen Novello
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- UF Parodontologie, Pôle d’Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylvie Tricot-Doleux
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
| | - Agnès Novella
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
| | - Pascal Pellen-Mussi
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.-D.); (A.N.); (P.P.-M.); (S.J.)
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche d’Odontologie, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- UF Parodontologie, Pôle d’Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
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Murata K, Washio A, Morotomi T, Rojasawasthien T, Kokabu S, Kitamura C. Physicochemical Properties, Cytocompatibility, and Biocompatibility of a Bioactive Glass Based Retrograde Filling Material. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071828. [PMID: 34361212 PMCID: PMC8308453 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ideal retrograde filling material that is easy to handle, has good physicochemical properties, and is biocompatible has not yet been developed. The current study reports the development of a novel bioactive glass based powder for use as a retrograde filling material that is capable of altering the consistency and hardening rate of mixtures when mixed with existing bioactive glass based cement. Furthermore, its physicochemical properties, in vitro effects on human cementoblast-like cells, and in vivo effects on inflammatory responses were evaluated. The surface of the hardened cement showed the formation of hydroxyapatite-like precipitates and calcium and silicate ions were eluted from the cement when the pH level was stabilized at 10.5. Additionally, the cement was found to be insoluble and exhibited favorable handling properties. No adverse effects on viability, proliferation, and expression of differentiated markers were observed in the in vitro experiment, and the cement was capable of inducing calcium deposition in the cells. Moreover, the cement demonstrated a lower number of infiltrated inflammatory cells compared to the other materials used in the in vivo mouse subcutaneous implantation experiment. These findings suggest that the retrograde filling material composed of bioactive glass and the novel bioactive glass based powder exhibits favorable physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Murata
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (K.M.); (T.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Ayako Washio
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (K.M.); (T.M.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131
| | - Takahiko Morotomi
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (K.M.); (T.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Thira Rojasawasthien
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Chiaki Kitamura
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (K.M.); (T.M.); (C.K.)
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7
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Sawadkar P, Mandakhbayar N, Patel KD, Buitrago JO, Kim TH, Rajasekar P, Lali F, Kyriakidis C, Rahmani B, Mohanakrishnan J, Dua R, Greco K, Lee JH, Kim HW, Knowles J, García-Gareta E. Three dimensional porous scaffolds derived from collagen, elastin and fibrin proteins orchestrate adipose tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211019238. [PMID: 34104389 PMCID: PMC8165536 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211019238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current gold standard to treat soft tissue injuries caused by trauma and pathological condition are autografts and off the shelf fillers, but they have inherent weaknesses like donor site morbidity, immuno-compatibility and graft failure. To overcome these limitations, tissue-engineered polymers are seeded with stem cells to improve the potential to restore tissue function. However, their interaction with native tissue is poorly understood so far. To study these interactions and improve outcomes, we have fabricated scaffolds from natural polymers (collagen, fibrin and elastin) by custom-designed processes and their material properties such as surface morphology, swelling, wettability and chemical cross-linking ability were characterised. By using 3D scaffolds, we comprehensive assessed survival, proliferation and phenotype of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. In vivo, scaffolds were seeded with adipose-derived stem cells and implanted in a rodent model, with X-ray microtomography, histology and immunohistochemistry as read-outs. Collagen-based materials showed higher cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro as well as higher adipogenic properties in vivo. In contrast, fibrin demonstrated poor cellular and adipogenesis properties but higher angiogenesis. Elastin formed the most porous scaffold, with cells displaying a non-aggregated morphology in vitro while in vivo elastin was the most degraded scaffold. These findings of how polymers present in the natural polymers mimicking ECM and seeded with stem cells affect adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo can open avenues to design 3D grafts for soft tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Sawadkar
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Olmas Buitrago
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,R&D Center, TE Bios Co, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Poojitha Rajasekar
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ferdinand Lali
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christos Kyriakidis
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Benyamin Rahmani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeviya Mohanakrishnan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rishbha Dua
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Karin Greco
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Knowles
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Jeyakumar V, Amraish N, Niculescu-Morsza E, Bauer C, Pahr D, Nehrer S. Decellularized Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Incorporated Silk Fibroin Hybrid Scaffolds for Endochondral Ossification Mediated Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084055. [PMID: 33919985 PMCID: PMC8071030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies promote bone regeneration for large bone defects by stimulating the osteogenesis route via intramembranous ossification in engineered grafts, which upon implantation are frequently constrained by insufficient integration and functional anastomosis of vasculature from the host tissue. In this study, we developed a hybrid biomaterial incorporating decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (CD-ECM) as a template and silk fibroin (SF) as a carrier to assess the bone regeneration capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC’s) via the endochondral ossification (ECO) route. hBMSC’s were primed two weeks for chondrogenesis, followed by six weeks for hypertrophy onto hybrid CD-ECM/SF or SF alone scaffolds and evaluated for the mineralized matrix formation in vitro. Calcium deposition biochemically determined increased significantly from 4-8 weeks in both SF and CD-ECM/SF constructs, and retention of sGAG’s were observed only in CD-ECM/SF constructs. SEM/EDX revealed calcium and phosphate crystal localization by hBMSC’s under all conditions. Compressive modulus reached a maximum of 40 KPa after eight weeks of hypertrophic induction. μCT scanning at eight weeks indicated a cloud of denser minerals in groups after hypertrophic induction in CD-ECM/SF constructs than SF constructs. Gene expression by RT-qPCR revealed that hBMSC’s expressed hypertrophic markers VEGF, COL10, RUNX2, but the absence of early hypertrophic marker ChM1 and later hypertrophic marker TSBS1 and the presence of osteogenic markers ALPL, IBSP, OSX under all conditions. Our data indicate a new method to prime hBMSC’S into the late hypertrophic stage in vitro in mechanically stable constructs for ECO-mediated bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jeyakumar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nedaa Amraish
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.A.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugenia Niculescu-Morsza
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Dieter Pahr
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.A.); (D.P.)
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.N.-M.); (C.B.); (S.N.)
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9
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Zucherato VS, Penariol LBC, Silva LECM, Padovan CC, Poli-Neto OB, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Ferriani RA, Meola J. Identification of suitable reference genes for mesenchymal stem cells from menstrual blood of women with endometriosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5422. [PMID: 33686153 PMCID: PMC7970877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MenMSCs) are associated with the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis and considerable effort has been invested in searching for target genes and deciphering associated molecular pathways. However, reference gene stability for proper reproducible normalization in the analyses of the expression data validation is still unexplored in this experimental context. Therefore, in this exploratory study, we used stringent case and control selection criteria and collected menstrual blood from women with a laparoscopic diagnosis of advanced endometriosis and from fertile women without endometriosis. We tested for the first time the stability of 32 candidate reference genes to achieve increased accuracy and reliable results in the quantification of gene expression and direct future experiments using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in MenMSCs for endometriosis studies. Using the RefFinder web tool, we recommend the EIF2B1 and POP4 reference genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR data in study designs similar to ours. Furthermore, we suggest avoiding the commonly used GAPDH and ACTB reference genes as they are unstable. This high-visibility study is capable of directing different experimental designs as MenMSCs are derived from a minimally invasive tissue source with multifunctional roles in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S Zucherato
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Leticia B C Penariol
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lilian E C M Silva
- Multiuser Laboratory, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Padovan
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Omero B Poli-Neto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Julio C Rosa-E-Silva
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rui A Ferriani
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Woman's Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, 8th Floor of the Clinic Hospital, Universitary Campus, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Hormones and Woman's Health, CNPq, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Gonzalez-Pujana A, de Lázaro I, Vining KH, Santos-Vizcaino E, Igartua M, Hernandez RM, Mooney DJ. 3D encapsulation and inflammatory licensing of mesenchymal stromal cells alter the expression of common reference genes used in real-time RT-qPCR. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6741-6753. [PMID: 33136110 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) hold great promise in the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases, due to their immunomodulatory capacity. Their therapeutic activity is often assessed measuring levels of expression of immunomodulatory genes such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and real-time RT-qPCR is most predominantly the method of choice due to its high sensitivity and relative simplicity. Currently, multiple strategies are explored to promote hMSC-mediated immunomodulation, overlooking the effects they pose in the expression of genes commonly used as internal calibrators in real-time RT-qPCR analyses. However, variations in their expression could introduce significant errors in the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of hMSCs. This work investigates, for the first time, how some of these strategies - 3D encapsulation, the mechanical properties of the 3D matrix and inflammatory licensing - influence the expression of common reference genes in hMSCs. Both 3D encapsulation and inflammatory licensing alter significantly the expression of β-actin (ACTB) and Ubiquitin C (UBC), respectively. Using them as normalization factors leads to an erroneous assessment of IDO1 mRNA levels, therefore resulting in over or underestimation of the therapeutic potential of hMSCs. In contrast, the range of mechanical properties of the matrix encapsulating the cells did not significantly affect the expression of any of the reference genes studied. Moreover, we identify RPS13 and RPL30 as reference genes of choice under these particular experimental conditions. These results demonstrate the vital importance of validating the expression of reference genes to correctly assess the therapeutic potential of hMSCs by real-time RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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11
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Stable Reference Genes for qPCR Analysis in BM-MSCs Undergoing Osteogenic Differentiation within 3D Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239195. [PMID: 33276559 PMCID: PMC7729573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) enables the monitoring of changes in cell phenotype via the high-throughput screening of numerous genes. RT-qPCR is a fundamental approach in numerous research fields, including biomaterials, yet little attention has been given to the potential impact of 3D versus monolayer (2D) cell culture and to the requirement for a constant validation of the multiple steps of gene expression analysis. The aim of this study is to use high-quality RNA to identify the most suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis during the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs are cultured under osteogenic conditions for 28 days in 2D or within hyaluronic acid hydrogels (3D). RNA is subject to quality controls and is then used to identify the most stable reference genes using geNorm, NormFinder, and the ∆Cq method. The effect of the reverse transcriptase is investigated, as well as the expression of osteogenic-related markers. This study shows marked differences in the stability of reference genes between 2D (RPLP0/GAPDH) and 3D (OAZ1/PPIA) culture, suggesting that it is critical to choose appropriate reference genes for 3D osteogenic cell cultures. Thus, a thorough validation under specific experimental settings is essential to obtain meaningful gene expression results.
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12
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Brezulier D, Pellen-Mussi P, Tricot-Doleux S, Novella A, Sorel O, Jeanne S. Development of a 3D human osteoblast cell culture model for studying mechanobiology in orthodontics. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:387-395. [PMID: 32144430 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanobiology phenomena constitute a major element of the cellular and tissue response during orthodontic treatment and the implantation of a biomaterial. Better understanding these phenomena will improve the effectiveness of our treatments. The objective of this work is to validate a model of three-dimensional (3D) culture of osteoblasts to study mechanobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hFOB 1.19 cell line was cultured either traditionally on a flat surface or in aggregates called spheroids. They were embedded in 0.8% low-melting agarose type VII and placed in a polyethylene terephthalate transwell insert. Compressive forces of 1 and 4 g/cm2 were applied with an adjustable weight. Proliferation was evaluated by measuring diameters, monitoring glucose levels, and conducting Hoechst/propidium iodide staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays focusing on the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and bone remodelling factor osteoprotegerin were performed to evaluate soluble factor synthesis. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate bone marker transcription. RESULTS The 3D model shows good cell viability and permits IL dosing. Additionally, three gene expression profiles are analysable. LIMITATIONS The model allows analysis of conventional markers; larger exploration is needed for better understanding osteoblast mechanobiology. However, it only allows an analysis over 3 days. CONCLUSION The results obtained by applying constant compressive forces to 3D osteoblastic cultures validate this model system for exploring biomolecule release and analysing gene transcription. In particular, it highlights a disturbance in the expression of markers of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brezulier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
- ISCR, CNRS-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Sorel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
- ISCR, CNRS-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
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13
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Cell culture media notably influence properties of human mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells from different tissues. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:653-668. [PMID: 32855067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSCs) are a popular cell source and hold huge therapeutic promise for a broad range of possible clinical applications. However, to harness their full potential, current limitations in harvesting, expansion and characterization have to be overcome. These limitations are related to the heterogeneity of MSCs in general as well as to inconsistent experimental protocols. Here we aim to compare in vitro methods to facilitate comparison of MSCs generated from various tissues. METHODS MSCs from 3 different tissues (bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue), exemplified by cells from 3 randomly chosen donors per tissue, were systematically compared with respect to their in vitro properties after propagation in specific in-house standard media, as established in the individual laboratories, or in the same commercially available medium. RESULTS Large differences were documented with respect to the expression of cell surface antigens, population doubling times, basal expression levels of 5 selected genes and osteogenic differentiation. The commercial medium reduced differences in these parameters with respect to individual human donors within tissue and between tissues. The extent, size and tetraspanin composition of extracellular vesicles were also affected. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly demonstrate the extreme heterogeneity of MSCs, which confirms the problem of reproducibility of results, even when harmonizing experimental conditions, and questions the significance of common parameters for MSCs from different tissues in vitro.
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14
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Schreurs AS, Torres S, Truong T, Moyer EL, Kumar A, Tahimic CGT, Alwood JS, Globus RK. Skeletal tissue regulation by catalase overexpression in mitochondria. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C734-C745. [PMID: 32783660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00068.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to skeletal aging and mediate adverse responses to physiological challenges. Wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice (male, 16 wk of age) with human catalase targeted to the mitochondria (mCAT) were analyzed for skeletal responses to the remodeling stimuli of combined hind-limb unloading and exposure to ionizing radiation (137Cs, 2 Gy). Treatment for 2 wk caused lipid peroxidation in the bones WT but not mCAT mice, showing that transgene expression mitigated oxidative stress. Ex vivo osteoblast colony growth rate was 95% greater in mCAT than WT mice and correlated with catalase activity levels (P < 0.005, r = 0.67), although terminal osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were unaffected. mCAT mice had lower cancellous bone volume and cortical size than WT mice. Ambulatory control mCAT animals also displayed reduced cancellous and cortical structural properties compared with control WT mice. In mCAT but not WT mice, treatment caused an unexpectedly rapid radial expansion (+8% cortical area, +22% moment of inertia), reminiscent of compensatory bone growth during advancing age. In contrast, treatment caused similar structural deficits in cancellous tissue of mCAT and WT mice. In sum, mitochondrial ROS signaling via H2O2 was important for the acquisition of adult bone structure and catalase overexpression failed to protect cancellous tissue from treatment. In contrast, catabolic stimuli caused radial expansion in mCAT not WT mice, suggesting that mitochondrial ROS in skeletal cells act to suppress tissue turnover in response to remodeling challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, California
| | - Samantha Torres
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tiffany Truong
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric L Moyer
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington
| | - Akhhilesh Kumar
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, California
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.,KBR, Moffett Field, California
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
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15
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Surowiec RK, Battle LF, Schlecht SH, Wojtys EM, Caird MS, Kozloff KM. Gene Expression Profile and Acute Gene Expression Response to Sclerostin Inhibition in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10377. [PMID: 32803109 PMCID: PMC7422710 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin antibody (SclAb) therapy has been suggested as a novel therapeutic approach toward addressing the fragility phenotypic of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Observations of cellular and transcriptional responses to SclAb in OI have been limited to mouse models of the disorder, leaving a paucity of data on the human OI osteoblastic cellular response to the treatment. Here, we explore factors associated with response to SclAb therapy in vitro and in a novel xenograft model using OI bone tissue derived from pediatric patients. Bone isolates (approximately 2 mm3) from OI patients (OI type III, type III/IV, and type IV, n = 7; non-OI control, n = 5) were collected to media, randomly assigned to an untreated (UN), low-dose SclAb (TRL, 2.5 μg/mL), or high-dose SclAb (TRH, 25 μg/mL) group, and maintained in vitro at 37°C. Treatment occurred on days 2 and 4 and was removed on day 5 for TaqMan qPCR analysis of genes related to the Wnt pathway. A subset of bone was implanted s.c. into an athymic mouse, representing our xenograft model, and treated (25 mg/kg s.c. 2×/week for 2/4 weeks). Implanted OI bone was evaluated using μCT and histomorphometry. Expression of Wnt/Wnt-related targets varied among untreated OI bone isolates. When treated with SclAb, OI bone showed an upregulation in osteoblast and osteoblast progenitor markers, which was heterogeneous across tissue. Interestingly, the greatest magnitude of response generally corresponded to samples with low untreated expression of progenitor markers. Conversely, samples with high untreated expression of these markers showed a lower response to treatment. in vivo implanted OI bone showed a bone-forming response to SclAb via μCT, which was corroborated by histomorphometry. SclAb induced downstream Wnt targets WISP1 and TWIST1, and elicited a compensatory response in Wnt inhibitors SOST and DKK1 in OI bone with the greatest magnitude from OI cortical bone. Understanding patients' genetic, cellular, and morphological bone phenotypes may play an important role in predicting treatment response. This information may aid in clinical decision-making for pharmacological interventions designed to address fragility in OI. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Surowiec
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Lauren F Battle
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Stephen H Schlecht
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Edward M Wojtys
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Michelle S Caird
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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16
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Okamura K, Inagaki Y, Matsui TK, Matsubayashi M, Komeda T, Ogawa M, Mori E, Tanaka Y. RT-qPCR analyses on the osteogenic differentiation from human iPS cells: an investigation of reference genes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11748. [PMID: 32678244 PMCID: PMC7367276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is used to quantify gene expression and require standardization with reference genes. We sought to identify the reference genes best suited for experiments that induce osteogenic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. They were cultured in an undifferentiated maintenance medium and after confluence, further cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. RT-qPCR was performed on undifferentiation markers, osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation markers, and reference gene candidates. The expression stability of each reference gene candidate was ranked using four algorithms. General rankings identified TATA box binding protein in the first place, followed by transferrin receptor, ribosomal protein large P0, and finally, beta-2-microglobulin, which was revealed as the least stable. Interestingly, universally used GAPDH and ACTB were found to be unsuitable. Our findings strongly suggest a need to evaluate the expression stability of reference gene candidates for each experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Okamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Takeshi K Matsui
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsubayashi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Komeda
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Munehiro Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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17
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Heparin Anticoagulant for Human Bone Marrow Does Not Influence In Vitro Performance of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071580. [PMID: 32610653 PMCID: PMC7408646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In our lab, we found that MSC preparations from bone marrow of many different donors had a limited capacity of in vitro differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages-a capacity claimed to be inherent to MSCs. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the amount of heparin used as anticoagulant during bone marrow harvest had an inhibitory influence on the in vitro differentiation capacity of isolated MSCs. Bone marrow was obtained from the femoral cavity of twelve donors during total hip arthroplasty in the absence or presence of heparin. No coagulation was observed in the absence of heparin. The number of mononuclear cells was independent of heparin addition. Isolated MSCs were characterized by morphology, population doubling times, expression of cell surface antigens and in vitro differentiation. Results of these analyses were independent of the amount of heparin. Transcriptome analyses of cells from three randomly chosen donors and quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis from cells of all donors demonstrated no clear effect of heparin on the transcriptome of the cells. This excludes heparin as a potential source of disparate results.
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18
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Sawadkar P, Mohanakrishnan J, Rajasekar P, Rahmani B, Kohli N, Bozec L, García-Gareta E. A Synergistic Relationship between Polycaprolactone and Natural Polymers Enhances the Physical Properties and Biological Activity of Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13587-13597. [PMID: 32107914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials for tissue engineering include natural and synthetic polymers, but their clinical application is still limited due to various disadvantages associated with the use of these polymers. This uncertainty of the polymeric approach in tissue engineering launches an opportunity to address a key question: can we eliminate the disadvantages of both natural and synthetic polymers by combining them to form a synergistic relationship? To answer this question, we fabricated scaffolds from elastin, collagen, fibrin, and electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) with different ratios. The material characterization of these scaffolds investigated degradation, water contact angle, angiogenesis by an ex ovo chorion allantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and mechanical and structural properties. Biological activity and specific differentiation pathways (MSC, adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic) were studied by using human adipose-derived stem cells. Results indicated that all composite polymers degraded at a different rate, thus affecting their mechanical integrity. Cell-based assays demonstrated continual proliferative and viable properties of the cells on all seeded scaffolds with the particular initiation of a differentiation pathway among which the PCL/collagen/fibrin composite was the most angiogenic material with maximum vasculature. We were able to tailor the physical and biological properties of PCL-based composites to form a synergistic relationship for various tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Sawadkar
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, U.K
| | - Jeviya Mohanakrishnan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, U.K
| | - Poojitha Rajasekar
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, U.K
| | - Benyamin Rahmani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Nupur Kohli
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, U.K
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, U.K
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19
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Evaluation of the stability of standard reference genes of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro proliferation and differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2109-2122. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Bo H, He J, Wang X, Du R, Bei H, Chen J, Wang J, Wu F, Zhang W, Chen Q. Danggui Buxue Tang promotes the adhesion and migration of bone marrow stromal cells via the focal adhesion pathway in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:90-97. [PMID: 30445110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Danggui Buxue Tang has been used in China to treat clinical anemia for more than 800 years. However, there is no scientific report on its effect on bone marrow stromal cells. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we aimed to explore the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang on bone marrow stromal cell adhesion and migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow stromal cells were used as a model to evaluate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang on the adhesion and migration of bone marrow stromal cells. RNA-sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were used to detect and confirm the expression of genes related to the focal adhesion pathway before and after drug delivery. RESULTS Danggui Buxue Tang significantly increased the number of bone marrow stromal cells. After 12 days of 16 mg/mL Danggui Buxue Tang treatment, bone marrow stromal cells were significantly increased (by 0.527 ± 0.008 fold; p < 0.001) as compared to the control group (0.180 ± 0.019). The effect was not due to enhanced cell proliferation, as there was no difference in the cell cycle (p > 0.05). The adhesion area of a single cell was doubled by Danggui Buxue Tang treatment (p < 0.001), and the time required for cell adhesion to a Petri dish was shortened. Thus, Danggui Buxue Tang increases the number of bone marrow stromal cells by promoting adhesion. Danggui Buxue Tang also significantly promoted bone marrow stromal cell migration (p < 0.001). Transcript analysis revealed that the focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were activated. Expression analysis confirmed that the gene and protein expression of focal adhesion-related factors were upregulated. CONCLUSION Danggui Buxue Tangaffects bone marrow stromal cell adhesion and migration by enhancing the focal adhesion pathway in vitro, and bone marrow stromal cells are a target of DBT-regulated hematopoiesis, and the active ingredients of DBT involved in the effects require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaben Bo
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junhua He
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruilan Du
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haikang Bei
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhu Chen
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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He T, Huang Y, Chak JC, Klar RM. Recommendations for improving accuracy of gene expression data in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14874. [PMID: 30291289 PMCID: PMC6173755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autogenous tissue grafting remains the gold standard in the treatment of critical sized bone and certain cartilage defects, while the translation of tissue engineered osteogenesis or chondrogenesis from the lab bench into clinical practice, utilizing natural or synthetic biomimetic devices, remains challenging. One of the crucial underestimated reasons for non-translatability could be the imprecision and inconsistency of generated gene expression profiles, utilizing improperly optimized and standardized quantitative gene assays. Utilizing GeNorm for downstream qRT-PCR applications, the stability of reference genes in relation to optimal cDNA amounts was assessed on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells neat and made to differentiate into chondrocytes including normal human derived chondrocytes and muscle tissue from rats. Results showed that reference genes can vary substantially across separately and/or combined cell lines and/or tissue types including treatment parameters. The recommendations to all bone and cartilage tissue engineers utilizing qRT-PCR is not to assume that reference gene stability and quantity remain conserved across cell lines or tissue types but to always determine, for each new experiment, the stability and normalization quantity of reference genes anew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijiang Huang
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Juy Chi Chak
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Manfred Klar
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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22
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Ferreira SA, Motwani MS, Faull PA, Seymour AJ, Yu TTL, Enayati M, Taheem DK, Salzlechner C, Haghighi T, Kania EM, Oommen OP, Ahmed T, Loaiza S, Parzych K, Dazzi F, Varghese OP, Festy F, Grigoriadis AE, Auner HW, Snijders AP, Bozec L, Gentleman E. Bi-directional cell-pericellular matrix interactions direct stem cell fate. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4049. [PMID: 30282987 PMCID: PMC6170409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifiable hydrogels have revealed tremendous insight into how physical characteristics of cells' 3D environment drive stem cell lineage specification. However, in native tissues, cells do not passively receive signals from their niche. Instead they actively probe and modify their pericellular space to suit their needs, yet the dynamics of cells' reciprocal interactions with their pericellular environment when encapsulated within hydrogels remains relatively unexplored. Here, we show that human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) encapsulated within hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels modify their surroundings by synthesizing, secreting and arranging proteins pericellularly or by degrading the hydrogel. hMSC's interactions with this local environment have a role in regulating hMSC fate, with a secreted proteinaceous pericellular matrix associated with adipogenesis, and degradation with osteogenesis. Our observations suggest that hMSC participate in a bi-directional interplay between the properties of their 3D milieu and their own secreted pericellular matrix, and that this combination of interactions drives fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Ferreira
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Meghna S Motwani
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Peter A Faull
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alexis J Seymour
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tracy T L Yu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marjan Enayati
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dheraj K Taheem
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Christoph Salzlechner
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tabasom Haghighi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ewa M Kania
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Oommen P Oommen
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology and BioMediTech Institute, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarek Ahmed
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Sandra Loaiza
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katarzyna Parzych
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Oommen P Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frederic Festy
- Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Agamemnon E Grigoriadis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Holger W Auner
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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23
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Validation of Housekeeping Genes as Reference for Reverse-Transcription-qPCR Analysis in Busulfan-Injured Microvascular Endothelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4953806. [PMID: 30386793 PMCID: PMC6189687 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4953806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) could express some important cytokines and signal molecules which play a key role in normal hematopoiesis and repopulation. Busulfan-induced vascular endothelial injury is an important feature after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). But the molecular mechanism of how the injured ECs affect hematopoietic reconstruction is still unknown. It is possibly through modulation of the change of some gene expression. RT-qPCR is one of the most popular methods used to accurately determine gene expression levels, based on stable reference gene (RG) selection from housekeeping genes. So our aim is to select stable RGs for more accurate measures of mRNA levels during Busulfan-induced vascular endothelial injury. In this study, 14 RGs were selected to investigate their expression stability in ECs during 72 hours of EC injury treated with Busulfan. Our results revealed extreme variation in RG stability compared by five statistical algorithms. ywhaz and alas1 were recognized as the two idlest RGs on account of the final ranking, while the two most usually used RGs (gapdh and actb) were not the most stable RGs. Next, these data were verified by testing signalling pathway genes ctnnb1, robo4, and notch1 based on the above four genes ywha, alas1, gapdh, and actb. It shows that the normalization of mRNA expression data using unstable RGs greatly affects gene fold change, which means the reliability of the biological conclusions is questionable. Based on the best RGs used, we also found that robo4 is significantly overexpressed in Busulfan-impaired ECs. In conclusion, our data reaffirms the importance of RGs selection for the valid analysis of gene expression in Busulfan-impaired ECs. And it also provides very useful guidance and basis for more accurate differential expression gene screening and future expanding biomolecule study of different drugs such as cyclophosphamide and fludarabine-injured ECs.
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24
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Midha S, Chawla S, Chakraborty J, Chameettachal S, Ghosh S. Differential Regulation of Hedgehog and Parathyroid Signaling in Mulberry and Nonmulberry Silk Fibroin Textile Braids. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:595-607. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Midha
- Regenerative Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 110016
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Regenerative Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 110016
| | - Juhi Chakraborty
- Regenerative Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 110016
| | - Shibu Chameettachal
- Regenerative Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 110016
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 110016
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25
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Guerrero J, Oliveira H, Aid R, Bareille R, Siadous R, Letourneur D, Mao Y, Kohn J, Amédée J. Influence of the three‐dimensional culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells within a macroporous polysaccharides scaffold on Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1936-e1949. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guerrero
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Rachida Aid
- Inserm U1148, LVTS, X. Bichat HospitalUniversity Paris Diderot F‐75018 Paris, Institut Galilée, University Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse Paris Cedex 18; University Paris Diderot, CHUX, Bichat Paris France
| | - Reine Bareille
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Robin Siadous
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Inserm U1148, LVTS, X. Bichat HospitalUniversity Paris Diderot F‐75018 Paris, Institut Galilée, University Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse Paris Cedex 18; University Paris Diderot, CHUX, Bichat Paris France
| | - Yong Mao
- The New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- The New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
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26
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Selection of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Human Stem Cell Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:151-168. [PMID: 30267307 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a widely utilized method for evaluating the gene expressions in stem cell research. This method enables researchers to obtain fast and precise results, but the accuracy of the data depends on certain factors, such as those associated with biological sample preparation and PCR efficiency. In order to achieve accurate and reliable results, it is of utmost importance to designate the reference genes, the expressions of which are suitable to all kinds of experimental conditions. Hence it is vital to normalize the qRT-PCR data by using the reference genes. In recent years, it has been found that the expression levels of reference genes widely used in stem cell research present a substantial amount of variation and are not necessarily suitable for normalization. This chapter at hand stresses the significance of selecting suitable reference genes from the point view of human stem cell research.
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27
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Tang D, Yang LY, Ou KL, Oreffo ROC. Repositioning Titanium: An In Vitro Evaluation of Laser-Generated Microporous, Microrough Titanium Templates As a Potential Bridging Interface for Enhanced Osseointegration and Durability of Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:77. [PMID: 29322044 PMCID: PMC5732141 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although titanium alloys remain the preferred biomaterials for the manufacture of biomedical implants today, such devices can fail within 15 years of implantation due to inadequate osseointegration. Furthermore, wear debris toxicity due to alloy metal ion release has been found to cause side-effects including neurotoxicity and chronic inflammation. Titanium, with its known biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and high elastic modulus, could if harnessed in the form of a superficial scaffold or bridging device, resolve such issues. A novel three-dimensional culture approach was used to investigate the potential osteoinductive and osseointegrative capabilities of a laser-generated microporous, microrough medical grade IV titanium template on human skeletal stem cells (SSCs). Human SSCs seeded on a rough 90-µm pore surface of ethylene oxide-sterilized templates were observed to be strongly adherent, and to display early osteogenic differentiation, despite their inverted culture in basal conditions over 21 days. Limited cellular migration across the template surface highlighted the importance of high surface wettability in maximizing cell adhesion, spreading and cell-biomaterial interaction, while restricted cell ingrowth within the conical-shaped pores underlined the crucial role of pore geometry and size in determining the extent of osseointegration of an implant device. The overall findings indicate that titanium only devices, with appropriate optimizations to porosity and surface wettability, could yet play a major role in improving the long-term efficacy, durability, and safety of future implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tang
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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28
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Identification of reference genes for qPCR analysis during hASC long culture maintenance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170918. [PMID: 28182697 PMCID: PMC5300122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now quantitative PCR based assay is the most common method for characterizing or confirming gene expression patterns and comparing mRNA levels in different sample populations. Since this technique is relative easy and low cost compared to other methods of characterization, e.g. flow cytometry, we used it to typify human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). hASCs possess several characteristics that make them attractive for scientific research and clinical applications. Accurate normalization of gene expression relies on good selection of reference genes and the best way to choose them appropriately is to follow the common rule of the “Best 3”, at least three reference genes, three different validation software and three sample replicates. Analysis was performed on hASCs cultivated until the eleventh cell confluence using twelve candidate reference genes, initially selected from literature, whose stability was evaluated by the algorithms NormFinder, BestKeeper, RefFinder and IdealRef, a home-made version of GeNorm. The best gene panel (RPL13A, RPS18, GAPDH, B2M, PPIA and ACTB), determined in one patient by IdealRef calculation, was then investigated in other four donors. Although patients demonstrated a certain gene expression variability, we can assert that ACTB is the most unreliable gene whereas ribosomal proteins (RPL13A and RPS18) show minor inconstancy in their mRNA expression. This work underlines the importance of validating reference genes before conducting each experiment and proposes a free software as alternative to those existing.
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29
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Validation of Housekeeping Genes to Study Human Gingival Stem Cells and Their In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation Using Real-Time RT-qPCR. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:6261490. [PMID: 26880978 PMCID: PMC4736224 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6261490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival stem cells (GSCs) are recently isolated multipotent cells. Their osteogenic capacity has been validated in vitro and may be transferred to human cell therapy for maxillary large bone defects, as they share a neural crest cell origin with jaw bone cells. RT-qPCR is a widely used technique to study gene expression and may help us to follow osteoblast differentiation of GSCs. For accurate results, the choice of reliable housekeeping genes (HKGs) is crucial. The aim of this study was to select the most reliable HKGs for GSCs study and their osteogenic differentiation (dGSCs). The analysis was performed with ten selected HKGs using four algorithms: ΔCt comparative method, GeNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder. This study demonstrated that three HKGs, SDHA, ACTB, and B2M, were the most stable to study GSC, whereas TBP, SDHA, and ALAS1 were the most reliable to study dGSCs. The comparison to stem cells of mesenchymal origin (ASCs) showed that SDHA/HPRT1 were the most appropriate for ASCs study. The choice of suitable HKGs for GSCs is important as it gave access to an accurate analysis of osteogenic differentiation. It will allow further study of this interesting stem cells source for future human therapy.
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30
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Wiraja C, Yeo DC, Chew SY, Xu C. Molecular beacon-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for non-invasive imaging of mRNA expression. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6148-6156. [PMID: 32262733 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of intracellular mRNA expression is invaluable for understanding cellular signaling activities, identifying disease stages, and monitoring the gene expression pattern of therapeutic cells during their culture, expansion and/or differentiation process. Previous methods suffer from the need to disrupt the biological samples to perform polymerase chain reaction analysis which can be laborious, fragmented and destructive. Herein, we develop a mRNA nanosensor based on the sustained release of mRNA-specific molecular beacons (probes that fluoresce upon hybridization) from the biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. Post cellular internalization, the particles gradually degrade and release the encapsulated probes which are initially weakly fluorescent. When the released probes meet and hybridize with target mRNA, they restore pre-quenched fluorescence. By virtue of quantifying the fluorescence intensity, we can estimate the cellular mRNA expression. As a case study, β-actin mRNA expression in mesenchymal stem cells cultured on a 3D matrix was monitored and compared with those cultured on a 2D plate for one week. Critically, the observed expression profile shows a great correlation with the established quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
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