1
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Subramanian D, Tjahjono N, Hernandez PA, Varner VD, Petroll WM, Schmidtke DW. Fabrication of Micropatterns of Aligned Collagen Fibrils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2551-2561. [PMID: 38277615 PMCID: PMC11001481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Many tissues in vivo contain aligned structures such as filaments, fibrils, and fibers, which expose cells to anisotropic structural and topographical cues that range from the nanometer to micrometer scales. Understanding how cell behavior is regulated by these cues during physiological and pathological processes (e.g., wound healing, cancer invasion) requires substrates that can expose cells to anisotropic cues over several length scales. In this study, we developed a novel method of fabricating micropatterns of aligned collagen fibrils of different geometry onto PDMS-coated glass coverslips that allowed us to investigate the roles of topography and confinement on corneal cell behavior. When corneal cells were cultured on micropatterns of aligned collagen fibrils in the absence of confinement, the degree of cell alignment increased from 40 ± 14 to 82 ± 5% as the size of the micropattern width decreased from 750 to 50 μm. Although the cell area (∼2500 μm2), cell length (∼160 μm), and projected nuclear area (∼175 μm2) were relatively constant on the different micropattern widths, cells displayed an increased aspect ratio as the width of the aligned collagen fibril micropatterns decreased. We also observed that the morphology of cells adhering to the surrounding uncoated PDMS was dependent upon both the size of the aligned collagen fibril micropattern and the distance from the micropatterns. When corneal cells were confined to the micropatterns of aligned collagen fibrils by a Pluronic coating to passivate the surrounding area, a similar trend in increasing cell alignment was observed (35 ± 10 to 89 ± 2%). However, the projected nuclear area decreased significantly (∼210 to 130 μm2) as the micropattern width decreased from 750 to 50 μm. The development of this method allows for the deposition of aligned collagen fibril micropatterns of different geometries on a transparent and elastic substrate and provides an excellent model system to investigate the role of anisotropic cues in cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramanian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Nathaniel Tjahjono
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Victor D. Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - W. Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - David W. Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, 75390
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2
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Kabanov D, Klimovic S, Rotrekl V, Pesl M, Pribyl J. Atomic Force Spectroscopy is a promising tool to study contractile properties of cardiac cells. Micron 2021; 155:103199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Dwyer KD, Coulombe KL. Cardiac mechanostructure: Using mechanics and anisotropy as inspiration for developing epicardial therapies in treating myocardial infarction. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2198-2220. [PMID: 33553810 PMCID: PMC7822956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment and anisotropic structure of the heart modulate cardiac function at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. During myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent healing, however, this landscape changes significantly. In order to engineer cardiac biomaterials with the appropriate properties to enhance function after MI, the changes in the myocardium induced by MI must be clearly identified. In this review, we focus on the mechanical and structural properties of the healthy and infarcted myocardium in order to gain insight about the environment in which biomaterial-based cardiac therapies are expected to perform and the functional deficiencies caused by MI that the therapy must address. From this understanding, we discuss epicardial therapies for MI inspired by the mechanics and anisotropy of the heart focusing on passive devices, which feature a biomaterials approach, and active devices, which feature robotic and cellular components. Through this review, a detailed analysis is provided in order to inspire further development and translation of epicardial therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera D. Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen L.K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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4
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Guo J, Simmons DW, Ramahdita G, Munsell MK, Oguntuyo K, Kandalaft B, Rios B, Pear M, Schuftan D, Jiang H, Lake SP, Genin GM, Huebsch N. Elastomer-Grafted iPSC-Derived Micro Heart Muscles to Investigate Effects of Mechanical Loading on Physiology. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:2973-2989. [PMID: 34275296 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading plays a critical role in cardiac pathophysiology. Engineered heart tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow rigorous investigations of the molecular and pathophysiological consequences of mechanical cues. However, many engineered heart muscle models have complex fabrication processes and require large cell numbers, making it difficult to use them together with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to study the influence of mechanical loading on pharmacology and genotype-phenotype relationships. To address this challenge, simple and scalable iPSC-derived micro-heart-muscle arrays (μHM) have been developed. "Dog-bone-shaped" molds define the boundary conditions for tissue formation. Here, we extend the μHM model by forming these tissues on elastomeric substrates with stiffnesses spanning from 5 to 30 kPa. Tissue assembly was achieved by covalently grafting fibronectin to the substrate. Compared to μHM formed on plastic, elastomer-grafted μHM exhibited a similar gross morphology, sarcomere assembly, and tissue alignment. When these tissues were formed on substrates with different elasticity, we observed marked shifts in contractility. Increased contractility was correlated with increases in calcium flux and a slight increase in cell size. This afterload-enhanced μHM system enables mechanical control of μHM and real-time tissue traction force microscopy for cardiac physiology measurements, providing a dynamic tool for studying pathophysiology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daniel W Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.,NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, McKelvey School of Engineering, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.,NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, McKelvey School of Engineering, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mary K Munsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kasoorelope Oguntuyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brennan Kandalaft
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brandon Rios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Missy Pear
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - David Schuftan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Huanzhu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Guy M Genin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.,NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, McKelvey School of Engineering, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.,NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, McKelvey School of Engineering, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.,Center for Cardiovascular Research, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Center for Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University in Saint Louis, University City, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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5
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Yong U, Lee S, Jung S, Jang J. Interdisciplinary approaches to advanced cardiovascular tissue engineering: ECM-based biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and its assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/abb211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Notbohm J, Napiwocki B, deLange W, Stempien A, Saraswathibhatla A, Craven R, Salick M, Ralphe J, Crone W. Two-Dimensional Culture Systems to Enable Mechanics-Based Assays for Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2019; 59:1235-1248. [PMID: 31680699 PMCID: PMC6824432 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-019-00473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Well-controlled 2D cell culture systems advance basic investigations in cell biology and provide innovative platforms for drug development, toxicity testing, and diagnostic assays. These cell culture systems have become more advanced in order to provide and to quantify the appropriate biomechanical and biochemical cues that mimic the milieu of conditions present in vivo. Here we present an innovative 2D cell culture system to investigate human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the muscle cells of the heart responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. We designed our 2D cell culture platform to control intracellular features to produce adult-like cardiomyocyte organization with connectivity and anisotropic conduction comparable to the native heart, and combined it with optical microscopy to quantify cell-cell and cell-substrate mechanical interactions. We show the measurement of forces and displacements that occur within individual cells, between neighboring cells, and between cells and their surrounding matrix. This system has broad potential to expand our understanding of tissue physiology, with particular advantages for the study of the mechanically active heart. Furthermore, this technique should prove valuable in screening potential drugs for efficacy and testing for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Notbohm
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - B.N. Napiwocki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - W.J. deLange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A. Stempien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - A. Saraswathibhatla
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - R.J. Craven
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - M.R. Salick
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - J.C. Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W.C. Crone
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
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7
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Callaghan NI, Hadipour-Lakmehsari S, Lee SH, Gramolini AO, Simmons CA. Modeling cardiac complexity: Advancements in myocardial models and analytical techniques for physiological investigation and therapeutic development in vitro. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:011501. [PMID: 31069331 PMCID: PMC6481739 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and arrhythmias or conduction blockages impact millions of patients worldwide and are associated with marked increases in sudden cardiac death, decline in the quality of life, and the induction of secondary pathologies. These pathologies stem from dysfunction in the contractile or conductive properties of the cardiomyocyte, which as a result is a focus of fundamental investigation, drug discovery and therapeutic development, and tissue engineering. All of these foci require in vitro myocardial models and experimental techniques to probe the physiological functions of the cardiomyocyte. In this review, we provide a detailed exploration of different cell models, disease modeling strategies, and tissue constructs used from basic to translational research. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in imaging, electrophysiology, metabolic measurements, and mechanical and contractile characterization modalities that are advancing our understanding of cardiomyocyte physiology. With this review, we aim to both provide a biological framework for engineers contributing to the field and demonstrate the technical basis and limitations underlying physiological measurement modalities for biologists attempting to take advantage of these state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig A. Simmons
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Present address: Ted Rogers Centre for Heart
Research, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada. Tel.:
416-946-0548. Fax: 416-978-7753
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8
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Kaiser NJ, Kant RJ, Minor AJ, Coulombe KLK. Optimizing Blended Collagen-Fibrin Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Engineering with Human iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:887-899. [PMID: 30775432 PMCID: PMC6372981 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Natural
polymer hydrogels are used ubiquitously as scaffold materials
for cardiac tissue engineering as well as for soft tissue engineering
more broadly because of FDA approval, minimal immunogenicity, and
well-defined physiological clearance pathways. However, the relationships
between natural polymer hydrogels and resident cell populations in
directing the development of engineered tissues are poorly defined.
This interaction is of particular concern for tissues prepared
with iPSC-derived cell populations, in which population purity and
batch-to-batch variability become additional critical factors to consider.
Herein, the design space for a blended fibrin and collagen scaffold
is characterized for applications in creating engineered myocardium
with human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Stiffness values of the acellular
hydrogel formulations approach those of native myocardium in compression,
but deviate significantly in tension when compared to rat myocardium
in both transverse and longitudinal fiber orientations. A response
surface methodology approach to understanding the relationship between
collagen concentration, fibrin concentration, seeding density, and
cardiac purity found a statistically significant predictive model
across three repeated studies that confirms that all of these factors
contribute to tissue compaction. In these constructs, increased fibrin
concentration and seeding density were each associated with increased
compaction, while increased collagen concentration was associated
with decreased compaction. Both the lowest (24.4% cTnT+) and highest (60.2% cTnT+) cardiomyocyte purities evaluated
were associated with decreased compaction, whereas the greatest compaction
was predicted to occur in constructs prepared with a 40–50%
cTnT+ population. Constructs prepared with purified cardiomyocytes
(≥75.5% cTnT+) compacted and formed syncytia well,
although increased fibrin concentration in these groups was associated
with decreased compaction, a reversal of the trend observed in unpurified
cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates an analytical approach to
understanding cell–scaffold interactions in engineered tissues
and provides a foundation for the development of more sophisticated
and customized scaffold platforms for human cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kaiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Rajeev J Kant
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Alicia J Minor
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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9
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Park S, Lui C, Jung W, Maity D, Ong CS, Bush J, Maruthamuthu V, Hibino N, Chen Y. Mechanical Characterization of hiPSC‐Derived Cardiac Tissues for Quality Control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
| | - Cecillia Lui
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
| | - Wei‐Hung Jung
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
| | - Debonil Maity
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
| | - Chin Siang Ong
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
| | - Joshua Bush
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringOld Dominion University VA 23529 USA
| | - Venkat Maruthamuthu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringOld Dominion University VA 23529 USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
- Institute for NanoBio TechnologyJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
- Institute for NanoBio TechnologyJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
- Center for Cell DynamicsJohns Hopkins University MD 21218 USA
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10
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Ariyasinghe NR, Lyra-Leite DM, McCain ML. Engineering cardiac microphysiological systems to model pathological extracellular matrix remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H771-H789. [PMID: 29906229 PMCID: PMC6230901 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00110.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the myocardium. ECM remodeling is a complex, multifactorial process that often contributes to declines in myocardial function and progression toward heart failure. However, the direct effects of the many forms of ECM remodeling on myocardial cell and tissue function remain elusive, in part because conventional model systems used to investigate these relationships lack robust experimental control over the ECM. To address these shortcomings, microphysiological systems are now being developed and implemented to establish direct relationships between distinct features in the ECM and myocardial function with unprecedented control and resolution in vitro. In this review, we will first highlight the most prominent characteristics of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular disease and describe how these features can be mimicked with synthetic and natural biomaterials that offer independent control over multiple ECM-related parameters, such as rigidity and composition. We will then detail innovative microfabrication techniques that enable precise regulation of cellular architecture in two and three dimensions. We will also describe new approaches for quantifying multiple aspects of myocardial function in vitro, such as contractility, action potential propagation, and metabolism. Together, these collective technologies implemented as cardiac microphysiological systems will continue to uncover important relationships between pathological ECM remodeling and myocardial cell and tissue function, leading to new fundamental insights into cardiovascular disease, improved human disease models, and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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11
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Zhang X, Hong S, Yen R, Kondash M, Fernandez CE, Truskey GA. A system to monitor statin-induced myopathy in individual engineered skeletal muscle myobundles. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2787-2796. [PMID: 30112530 PMCID: PMC6145090 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological tissue engineering models of human skeletal muscle (myobundles) provide a platform to investigate the mechanism of muscle diseases and to study the response to drugs and toxins in vitro. To examine the dynamic response to drugs, which often take several days to induce responses, we developed a system to monitor the contractile force of the same human skeletal muscle myobundles over time before and after treatment with drugs. Myobundles were formed in series with Ecoflex films (platinum-catalyzed silicones) with embedded microbeads. The displacement of the microbeads in Ecoflex exhibited a linear relation between muscle force production and Ecoflex film stretch. Forces measured with the microbeads embedded in Ecoflex agreed well with simultaneous measurements with a force transducer. Application of the Hill model for the myobundles showed that the Ecoflex affected the magnitude of the response, but not the kinetics. After continuous exposure to 100 nM cerivastatin, both active and passive forces were reduced relative to controls after 2-4 days. The decline in force was associated with a decline in the muscle myofiber organization. The inhibitory effect of cerivastatin was reduced when 0.1-1 mM mevalonate was added with cerivastatin. Although addition of co-enzyme Q10 with cerivastatin inhibited degradation of sarcomeric α-actinin (SAA) in myoblasts, the contractile force still declined, suggesting that statin-induced myopathy was related to mevalonate pathway but the addition of co-enzyme Q10 was insufficient to overcome the effect of statins on the mevalonate pathway. Thus, cerivastatin rapidly induces myopathy which can be reversds with mevalonate but not co-enzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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12
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Huebsch N, Loskill P, Deveshwar N, Spencer CI, Judge LM, Mandegar MA, Fox CB, Mohamed TMA, Ma Z, Mathur A, Sheehan AM, Truong A, Saxton M, Yoo J, Srivastava D, Desai TA, So PL, Healy KE, Conklin BR. Miniaturized iPS-Cell-Derived Cardiac Muscles for Physiologically Relevant Drug Response Analyses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24726. [PMID: 27095412 PMCID: PMC4837370 DOI: 10.1038/srep24726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches have the potential to increase the physiologic relevance of human iPS-derived cells, such as cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM). However, forming Engineered Heart Muscle (EHM) typically requires >1 million cells per tissue. Existing miniaturization strategies involve complex approaches not amenable to mass production, limiting the ability to use EHM for iPS-based disease modeling and drug screening. Micro-scale cardiospheres are easily produced, but do not facilitate assembly of elongated muscle or direct force measurements. Here we describe an approach that combines features of EHM and cardiospheres: Micro-Heart Muscle (μHM) arrays, in which elongated muscle fibers are formed in an easily fabricated template, with as few as 2,000 iPS-CM per individual tissue. Within μHM, iPS-CM exhibit uniaxial contractility and alignment, robust sarcomere assembly, and reduced variability and hypersensitivity in drug responsiveness, compared to monolayers with the same cellular composition. μHM mounted onto standard force measurement apparatus exhibited a robust Frank-Starling response to external stretch, and a dose-dependent inotropic response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Based on the ease of fabrication, the potential for mass production and the small number of cells required to form μHM, this system provides a potentially powerful tool to study cardiomyocyte maturation, disease and cardiotoxicology in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Huebsch
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nikhil Deveshwar
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ian Spencer
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Luke M Judge
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Cade B Fox
- University of California, San Francisco, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, EL-Sharkiak, Egypt
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Anurag Mathur
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alice M Sheehan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Annie Truong
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mike Saxton
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jennie Yoo
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tejal A Desai
- University of California, San Francisco, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Po-Lin So
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Departments of Medicine, and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
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