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Siragusa G, Tomasello L, Giordano C, Pizzolanti G. Survivin (BIRC5): Implications in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2024; 350:122788. [PMID: 38848940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) were discovered through experiments aimed at rescuing apoptosis in insects. Classically associated with the inhibition of apoptosis, the IAP member Survivin also regulates cell cycle progression and is an essential component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), responsible for chromosomal segregation. Although undetectable in most adult tissues, Survivin is expressed in Adult Stem Cells (ASCs) and plays a crucial role in their maintenance. Survivin is overexpressed in most cancers, contributing to their clonal expansion. As a result, it has been proposed as a possible anticancer target for nearly two decades. In this discussion, we will explore the rationale behind Survivin as a therapeutic target, focusing on common cancer types such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. We will delve into the modulation of Survivin by cancer pro-survival cell signaling, the association between SNPs and tumorigenesis, and its regulation by miRNAs. Finally, we will compare cell growth, clonogenic capacity, and apoptosis, along with different strategies for Survivin inhibition, including gene expression and protein activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATEN Center), University of Palermo, Italy.
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Abutorabi ES, Poursheikhani A, Kashani B, Shamsaiegahkani S, Haghpanah V, Bashash D, Mousavi SA, Momeny M, Ghaffari SH. The effects of Abemaciclib on cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4073-4082. [PMID: 36877344 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer, accounting for 1 to 2% of all cases. Deregulations of cell cycle regulatory genes including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and endogenous inhibitors of CDKs (CKIs) are hallmarks of cancer cells and hence, studies indicate the inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases and cell cycle progression as potent therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of Abemaciclib, a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, in ATC cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS The ATC cell lines C643 and SW1736 were selected to study the antiproliferative effects of Abemaciclib using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining assay. Annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed to examine the effects on apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Wound healing assay and zymography analysis examined the effects of the drug on invasive abilities of ATC cells and Western blot analyses were applied to further study the anti-tumor mechanism of Abemaciclib, in addition to combination treatment with alpelisib. Our data demonstrated that Abemaciclib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cellular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ATC cell lines, while considerably reducing cell migration and colony formation. The mechanism seemed to involve the PI3K pathway. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data highlight CDK4/6 as interesting therapeutic targets in ATC and suggest CDK4/6-blockade therapies as promising strategies in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh S Abutorabi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Shamsaiegahkani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied A Mousavi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Utilizing Three-Dimensional Culture Methods to Improve High-Throughput Drug Screening in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081855. [PMID: 35454763 PMCID: PMC9031362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive endocrine neoplasm, with a median survival of just four to six months post-diagnosis. Even with surgical and chemotherapeutic interventions, the five-year survival rate is less than 5%. Although combination dabrafenib/trametinib therapy was recently approved for treatment of the ~25% of ATCs harboring BRAFV600E mutations, there are no approved, effective treatments for BRAF-wildtype disease. Herein, we perform a screen of 1525 drugs and evaluate therapeutic candidates using monolayer cell lines and four corresponding spheroid models of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. We utilize three-dimensional culture methods, as they have been shown to more accurately recapitulate tumor responses in vivo. These three-dimensional cultures include four distinct ATC spheroid lines representing unique morphology and mutational drivers to provide drug prioritization that will be more readily translatable to the clinic. Using this screen, we identify three exceptionally potent compounds (bortezomib, cabazitaxel, and YM155) that have established safety profiles and could potentially be moved into clinical trial for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, a disease with few treatment options.
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Niciporuka R, Nazarovs J, Ozolins A, Narbuts Z, Miklasevics E, Gardovskis J. Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior? Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1131. [PMID: 34684168 PMCID: PMC8540789 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Niciporuka
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jurijs Nazarovs
- Department of Pathology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Arturs Ozolins
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zenons Narbuts
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edvins Miklasevics
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Janis Gardovskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
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Identification of an immune-related signature indicating the dedifferentiation of thyroid cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:231. [PMID: 33892730 PMCID: PMC8067302 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune cells account for a large proportion of the tumour microenvironment in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs). However, the expression pattern of immune-related genes (IRGs) in ATCs is unclear. Our study aimed to identify an immune-related signature indicating the dedifferentiation of thyroid cells. Methods We compared the differences in thyroid differentiation score (TDS), infiltration of immune cells and enriched pathways between ATCs and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) or normal thyroid tissues in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Univariate and multivariable Cox analyses were used to screen prognosis-associated IRGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. After constructing a risk score, we investigated its predictive value for differentiation and survival by applying receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan–Meier curves. We further explored its associations with important immune checkpoint molecules, infiltrating immune cells and response to immunotherapy. Results Compared with PTCs or normal thyroid tissues, ATCs exhibited lower TDS values and higher enrichment of immune cells and activation of the inflammatory response. The quantitative analyses and immunohistochemical staining validated that most ATC cell lines and ATC tissues had higher expression of MMP9 and lower expression of SDC2 than normal thyroid samples and PTC. Higher risk scores indicates dedifferentiation and a worse prognosis. Additionally, the risk score was positively correlated with the immune checkpoint molecules PDL1, CTLA4, IDO1, and HAVCR2 and infiltration of multiple immune cells. Importantly, we found that the samples with higher risk scores tended to have a better response to immunotherapy than those with lower scores. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the risk score may not only contribute to the determination of differentiation and prognosis of thyroid carcinomas but also help the prediction of immune cells infiltration and immunotherapy response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01939-3.
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Ghorbani-Anarkooli M, Dabirian S, Zendedel A, Moladoust H, Bahadori MH. Effects of melatonin on the toxicity and proliferation of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151700. [PMID: 33667778 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but most aggressive cancer. Melatonin has enhanced or induced apoptosis in many different cancer cells, however, there has not been any study on the effects of melatonin in the treatment of ATC. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin on cytotoxicity in the human ATC cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured ATC cells were treated at melatonin concentrations 0.6, 1, 4, 16, 28 mM for 24 h. The MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability. Cytotoxicity was assayed with the determination of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Apoptosis was detected by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33342 staining. Giemsa staining is considered for evaluating the morphological changes of ATC cells. The reproductive ability of cells to form a colony was evaluated by the clonogenic assay. RESULTS Results showed that melatonin could significantly decrease cell viability and the lowest cell viability was observed at 28 mM, 10.26 % ± 0.858 versus control. Similar results were obtained when analyzing LDH activity. The highest LDH levels were observed at 16 and 28 mM (546.08 ± 4.66, 577.82 ± 3.14 munit/mL versus control) that confirmed the occurrence of late apoptosis. The clonogenic assay showed that cells at the high concentration of melatonin (16 and 28 mM) don't enable to form the colony that approved the occurrence of reproductive death. CONCLUSION Our results showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of melatonin on ATC cells that significantly decreased cell viability and induced cell reproductive death at the concentration greater than 1 mM and findings suggested that MLT might be useful as an adjuvant in ATC therapy.
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Jamshidi M, Farnoosh G, Mohammadi Pour S, Rafiee F, Saeedi Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Genetic variants and risk of thyroid cancer among Iranian patients. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:223-234. [PMID: 33544997 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The definition of an exclusive panel of genetic markers is of high importance to initially detect among this review population. Therefore, we gave a summary of each main genetic marker among Iranian patients with thyroid cancer for the first time which were classified based on their cellular function. Due to the results, a significant relationship was found between SNP in codons 194, 280, and 399 (XRCC1), Allele 3434Thr (XRCC7), GC or CC genotype 31, G/C (Survivin), 399G>A (XRCC1), Tru9I (vitamin D receptor), G-D haplotype (MDM2), TT genotype, -656 G/T (IL-18), TAGTT haplotype (IL-18), G allele in +49 A>G (CTLA-4), +7146 G/A (PD-1.3), +7785 C/T (PD-1.5), rs1143770 (let7a-2), rs4938723 (pri-mir-34b/c) genes, and thyroid cancers. Moreover, SNP in 677C-->T (MTHFR), GG genotype Asp1312Gly (thyroglobulin), 2259C>T (Rad52), R188H, (XRCC2), T241M (XRCC3) had higher risks of thyroid cancer and lower risks were observed in -16 Ins-Pro (p53), rs3742330 (DICER1). At last, the protective effects were explored in 127 CC genotype (IL-18), rs6877842 (DROSHA). Conduct further studies on the types of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with a larger number in the thyroid cancer using modern methods such as SNP array so that these genes could be used as a biomarker in prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer. This review presents for the first time a summary of important genetic markers in Iranian patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamshidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiee
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Saeedi Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,ImmunologyToday, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Gene Copy Number and Post-Transductional Mechanisms Regulate TRAP1 Expression in Human Colorectal Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010145. [PMID: 31878280 PMCID: PMC6981705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Protein 1 (TRAP1) is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecular chaperone overexpressed in 60-70% human colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and the co-upregulation of TRAP1 and associated 6-related proteins identifies metastatic CRCs with poor prognosis. Since the molecular mechanisms responsible for TRAP1 regulation are still unknown, the significance of TRAP1 gene copy number (CN) and the role of post-transductional protein modifications were addressed. TRAP1 gene aneuploidy accounted for 34.5% of cases in a cohort of 58 human CRCs and TRAP1 CN correlated with its mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for TRAP1 upregulation. Furthermore, the analysis of the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium/The Cancer Genome Atlas (CPTAC/TCGA) CRC database showed that TRAP1 polysomy significantly correlates with lymph node involvement. However, a subgroup of tumors showed TRAP1 protein levels independent from its CN. Of note, a direct correlation was observed between TRAP1 protein levels and the expression of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a denitrosylase involved in the regulation of protein S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, CRC cell lines exposed to hypoxia or dichloroacetate treatment showed the downregulation of TRAP1 upon GSNOR silencing and this resulted in increased TRAP1 mono/polyubiquitination. These data suggest that transcriptional and post-transductional mechanisms account for TRAP1 expression in human CRCs and GSNOR protects TRAP1 from S-nitrosylation and consequent proteasome degradation mostly in conditions of stress.
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Ma Y, Cang S, Li G, Su Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Yang J, Shi X, Qin G, Yuan H. Integrated analysis of transcriptome data revealed MMP3 and MMP13 as critical genes in anaplastic thyroid cancer progression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22260-22271. [PMID: 31081124 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the molecular mechanisms of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), we aimed to identify the hub genes specifically involved in ATC by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, using three Gene Expression Omnibus data sets with the same platform GPL570, we screened hub genes involved in ATC progression. In vitro experiments, such as western blot analysis, Transwell assays, and coimmunoprecipitation, was performed to verify our findings. By comparing three subtypes of thyroid cancer with normal tissue, we found ATC harbored more changed genes than well and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. Using specifically differentially expressed genes between ATC and normal thyroid tissues to perform Gene ontology (GO) analysis, ATC showed enrichments of GO terms involved in lymphocyte migration and activation, collagen catabolic and metabolic process, thyroid hormone synthesis, and embolism. Using genes involved in extracellular matrix, coexpression network analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis were performed to identify matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and MMP13 as two hub genes. Our experimental data indicated that both MMP3 and MMP13 were upregulated in ATC and knockdown of either of them could notably suppress ATC cell invasion and migration. Mechanistically, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments revealed MMP3 and MMP13 not only interacted with each other, but also regulated each other through the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. In conclusion, we identified a specific molecular mechanisms for the development of ATC by integrated analysis of transcriptome and in vitro experiments, which suggested that MMP3 and MMP13 might be developed as novel therapeutic targets for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junpeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Alghasi A, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Jalali A, Jamshidi M, Khodadadi A. Survivin as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker for thyroid cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:619-625. [PMID: 30683476 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is known as the most prevalent form of endocrine malignancy. With regard to high heterogeneity of the nodules, problem of discriminating between benign and malignant ones in terms of pathological characteristics, as well as lack of appropriate molecular markers; significant efforts are being made to identify molecular markers that able to detect tumorous lesions. Survivin, the newest member of the family of proteins inhibiting cell apoptosis, has been recently considered as a novel molecule marker for cancer. Studies on TC have also demonstrated distinctive expression of survivin and its splice variants in cancer cells compared to normal ones. Therefore, detection of survivin expression and its new splice variants can be utilized to identify tumor nodules and distinguish them from non-cancerous ones, along with other routine laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Alghasi
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Akram Jalali
- Department of Genetic & Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jamshidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Eren-Keleş E, Karabulut HG, Çakmaklı HF, Adaklı B, Köse SK, Uğur-Dinçaslan H, Yavuz G, Ertem M, Tükün A. Expression of Survivin and Its Splice Variants in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:680-685. [PMID: 30489176 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Survivin is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis and the regulation of cell division. In addition to wild-type survivin (survivin-wt), at least four splice variants with differential functions (ΔEx3 and 3B antiapoptotic, and 2α and 2B proapoptotic) have been identified. Survivin is highly expressed in several cancers, including hematological malignancies. Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignancy in children, studies that investigated survivin expression in ALL are limited, and there is no study on 3B and 2α expression in ALL. Therefore the expression of survivin-wt and its splice variants was investigated in pediatric B-cell ALL patients. Materials and Methods: The expression of survivin-wt and its four splice variants was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in archival RNA samples of 35 pediatric B-cell ALL patients. Patients were divided into high- and standard-risk groups according to age, white blood cell count, extramedullary involvement, and genetic risk factors; expression of survivin variants was compared between these two risk groups. Results: We found that the ratio of survivin-ΔEx3/wild type (WT) expression was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Conclusion: Comparative analysis between the high- and low-risk B-cell ALL groups indicated that the survivin-ΔEx3/WT expression ratio could potentially be used in risk classification for pediatric B-cell ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efsun Eren-Keleş
- Central Laboratory, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan Fatih Çakmaklı
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Adaklı
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istinye University, Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kenan Köse
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Handan Uğur-Dinçaslan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsan Yavuz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ertem
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ajlan Tükün
- Duzen Laboratories Group, Division of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Zhang L, Boufraqech M, Lake R, Kebebew E. Carfilzomib potentiates CUDC-101-induced apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16517-28. [PMID: 26934320 PMCID: PMC4941332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with no effective treatment currently available. Previously, we identified agents active against ATC cells, both in vitro and in vivo, using quantitative high-throughput screening of 3282 clinically approved drugs and small molecules. Here, we report that combining two of these active agents, carfilzomib, a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, and CUDC-101, a histone deacetylase and multi-kinase inhibitor, results in increased, synergistic activity in ATC cells. The combination of carfilzomib and CUDC-101 synergistically inhibited cellular proliferation and caused cell death in multiple ATC cell lines harboring various driver mutations observed in human ATC tumors. This increased anti-ATC effect was associated with a synergistically enhanced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased caspase 3/7 activity induced by the drug combination. Mechanistically, treatment with carfilzomib and CUDC-101 increased p21 expression and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein cleavage. Our results suggest that combining carfilzomib and CUDC-101 would offer an effective therapeutic strategy to treat ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Doxorubicin has a synergistic cytotoxicity with cucurbitacin B in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692252. [PMID: 28218042 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the combined effect of doxorubicin with cucurbitacin B on survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells was evaluated. For experiments, 8505C and CAL62 human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, and cytotoxic activity were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, multiplexed cytotoxicity assay, and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species production was measured. In experiments, doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cotreatment of doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B, compared with treatment of doxorubicin alone, decreased the percentage of viable cells and increased cytotoxic activity. All of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B in induction of cytotoxicity. In cells treated with both doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B, compared with doxorubicin alone, the protein levels of cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase and cyclooxygenase 2 and reactive oxygen species production were enhanced. In contrast, the protein levels of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 and survivin and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2/B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2-associated x protein ratio were diminished. The protein levels of Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were reduced, while phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 protein levels were elevated without change in total extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 protein levels. These results suggest that doxorubicin synergizes with cucurbitacin B in induction of cytotoxicity in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, synergistic cytotoxicity of doxorubicin with cucurbitacin B is mediated by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 family proteins, survivin, and reactive oxygen species and modulated by Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyoung Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gi Choi
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-Si, Republic of Korea
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14
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Waligórska-Stachura J, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Zabel M, Andrusiewicz M, Gut P, Czarnywojtek A, Ruchała M. Survivin DEx3 as a biomarker of thyroid cancers: A study at the mRNA and protein level. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2437-2441. [PMID: 28454416 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin and its splice variants DEx3 and 2B are involved in pathogenesis of numerous types of cancer. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) level correlates with cellular proliferation. The present study aimed to analyze the potential utility of survivin and its splice variants DEx3 and 2B as biomarkers for thyroid cancer. PCNA, survivin and its splice variants DEx3 and 2B expressions were analyzed in 22 tissue samples (15 thyroid cancers and 7 benign lesions) by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC). There was significantly higher staining for survivin (P=0.019), survivin DEx3 (P=0.001), survivin 2B (P=0.0149) and PCNA (P=0.0237) in thyroid malignant tumors when compared with benign lesions. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis has shown that the cut-off points of survivin IHC expression >2 [sensitivity 46.7%; specificity 100%; area under curve (AUC) 0.810; P=0.0005] and survivin DEx3 IHC expression >0 (sensitivity 86.7%; specificity 100%; AUC 0.933; P<0.0001) were the best predictors of thyroid malignancy. Additionally, PCNA staining >1 (sensitivity 93.3%; specificity 71.4%; AUC 0.790; P=0.0243) and survivin 2B >2 (sensitivity 46.7%; specificity 100%; AUC 0.824; P=0.0002) were the best predictors of thyroid cancer. In conclusion, the present study exhibited that survivin DEx3 expression has high specificity and sensitivity for discrimination between benign thyroid lesions and cancers. Survivin DEx3 may be considered a biological marker of thyroid malignancy and therefore applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Waligórska-Stachura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Gut
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Czarnywojtek
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Palladino G, Notarangelo T, Pannone G, Piscazzi A, Lamacchia O, Sisinni L, Spagnoletti G, Toti P, Santoro A, Storto G, Bufo P, Cignarelli M, Esposito F, Landriscina M. TRAP1 regulates cell cycle and apoptosis in thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:699-709. [PMID: 27422900 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecular chaperone upregulated in several human malignancies and involved in protection from apoptosis and drug resistance, cell cycle progression, cell metabolism and quality control of specific client proteins. TRAP1 role in thyroid carcinoma (TC), still unaddressed at present, was investigated by analyzing its expression in a cohort of 86 human TCs and evaluating its involvement in cancer cell survival and proliferation in vitro Indeed, TRAP1 levels progressively increased from normal peritumoral thyroid gland, to papillary TCs (PTCs), follicular variants of PTCs (FV-PTCs) and poorly differentiated TCs (PDTCs). By contrast, anaplastic thyroid tumors exhibited a dual pattern, the majority being characterized by high TRAP1 levels, while a small subgroup completely negative. Consistently with a potential involvement of TRAP1 in thyroid carcinogenesis, TRAP1 silencing resulted in increased sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, inhibition of cell cycle progression and attenuation of ERK signaling. Noteworthy, the inhibition of TRAP1 ATPase activity by pharmacological agents resulted in attenuation of cell proliferation, inhibition of ERK signaling and reversion of drug resistance. These data suggest that TRAP1 inhibition may be regarded as potential strategy to target specific features of human TCs, i.e., cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Palladino
- Medical Oncology UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational ResearchIRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Anatomic Pathology UnitDepartment of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Piscazzi
- Medical Oncology UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Olga Lamacchia
- Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational ResearchIRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Girolamo Spagnoletti
- Medical Oncology UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Toti
- Pathology UnitDepartment of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- Institute of Histopathology and Diagnostic CytopathologyFondazione di Ricerca e Cura 'Giovanni Paolo II' UCSC, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Nuclear Medicine UnitIRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Anatomic Pathology UnitDepartment of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Cignarelli
- Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational ResearchIRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
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16
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Synergistic cytotoxicity of BIIB021 with triptolide through suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signal pathways in thyroid carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:22-32. [PMID: 27470546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effec.t of BIIB021, a novel heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) inhibitor, on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells has not been evaluated. In this study, the impact of BIIB021 alone or in combination with the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor triptolide on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was identified. In 8505C and TPC-1 thyroid carcinoma cells, BIIB021 caused cell death in conjunction with alterations in expression of hsp90 client proteins. Cotreatment of both BIIB021 and triptolide, compared with treatment of BIIB021 alone, decreased cell viability, and increased the percentage of dead cells and cytotoxic activity. All of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting synergistic activity of BIIB021 with triptolide in induction of cytotoxicity. In treatment of both BIIB021 and triptolide, compared with treatment of BIIB021 alone, the protein levels of total and phospho-p53, and cleaved caspase-3 were elevated, while those of total Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-4EBP1, phospho-S6K, phospho-NF-κB, survivin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xIAP), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP) and acetyl. histone H4 were reduced. These results suggest that BIIB021 has a cytotoxic activity accompanied by regulation of hsp90 client proteins in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, the synergism between BIIB021 and triptolide in induction of cytotoxicity is associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signal pathways, the underexpression of survivin and the activation of DNA damage response in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Abdulghani J, Gokare P, Gallant JN, Dicker D, Whitcomb T, Cooper T, Liao J, Derr J, Liu J, Goldenberg D, Finnberg NK, El-Deiry WS. Sorafenib and Quinacrine Target Anti-Apoptotic Protein MCL1: A Poor Prognostic Marker in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC). Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6192-6203. [PMID: 27307592 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) comprises approximately 2% of all thyroid cancers, and its median survival rate remains poor. It is responsible for more than one third of thyroid cancer-related deaths. ATC is frequently resistant to conventional therapy, and NFκB signaling has been proposed to be a feature of the disease. We aimed to assess the activity of the antimalaria drug quinacrine known to target NFκB signaling in combination with the clinically relevant kinase inhibitor sorafenib in ATC cells. The presence of NFκB-p65/RELA and its target MCL1 was demonstrated in ATC by meta-data gene set enrichment analysis and IHC. We assessed the responses of a panel of human ATC cell lines to quinacrine and sorafenib in vitro and in vivo RESULTS: We detected increased expression of NFκB-p65/RELA and MCL1 in the nucleus of a subset of ATC compared with non-neoplastic thyroid. ATC cells were found to respond with additive/synergistic tumor cell killing to the combination of sorafenib plus quinacrine in vitro, and the drug combination improves survival of immunodeficient mice injected orthotopically with ATC cells as compared with mice administered either compound alone or doxorubicin. We also demonstrate that the combination of sorafenib and quinacrine is well tolerated in mice. At the molecular level, quinacrine and sorafenib inhibited expression of prosurvival MCL1, pSTAT3, and dampened NFκB signaling. CONCLUSIONS The combination of quinacrine and sorafenib targets emerging molecular hallmarks of ATC and shows promising results in clinically relevant models for the disease. Further testing of sorafenib plus quinacrine can be conducted in ATC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6192-203. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Abdulghani
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David Dicker
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany Whitcomb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiangang Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Derr
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Niklas K Finnberg
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. .,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Sadowski SM, Boufraqech M, Zhang L, Mehta A, Kapur P, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shen M, Kebebew E. Torin2 targets dysregulated pathways in anaplastic thyroid cancer and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18038-49. [PMID: 25945839 PMCID: PMC4627234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is rare but it is one of the most lethal human malignancies with no effective therapy. There is a pressing need to identify new therapeutic agents for ATC. We performed quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in ATC cell lines using a compound library of 3,282 drugs. qHTS identified 100 pan-active agents. Enrichment analysis of qHTS data showed drugs targeting mTOR were one of the most active drug categories, and Torin2 showed the highest efficacy. We found mTOR to be upregulated in ATC. Treatment of multiple ATC cell lines with Torin2 showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation with caspase-dependent apoptosis and G1/S phase arrest. Torin2 inhibited cellular migration and inhibited the phosphorylation of key effectors of the mTOR-pathway (AKT, 4E-BP1 and 70S6K), as well as claspin and survivin expression, regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis. In our in vivo mouse model of metastatic ATC, Torin2 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and significantly prolonged overall survival. Our findings suggest that Torin2 is a promising agent for ATC therapy and that it effectively targets upregulated pathways in human ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira M Sadowski
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Mehta
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Division of Discovery Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhuyin Li
- Division of Discovery Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Discovery Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Mehta A, Boufraqech M, Davis S, Wang J, Tian Z, Yu Z, Boxer MB, Kiefer JA, Copland JA, Smallridge RC, Li Z, Shen M, Kebebew E. Dual inhibition of HDAC and EGFR signaling with CUDC-101 induces potent suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9073-85. [PMID: 25940539 PMCID: PMC4496203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies that currently has no effective therapy. We performed quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in three ATC cell lines using 3,282 clinically approved drugs and drug candidates, and identified 100 active agents. Enrichment analysis of active compounds showed that inhibitors of EGFR and histone deacetylase (HDAC) were most active. Of these, the first-in-class dual inhibitor of EGFR, HER2 and HDACs, CUDC-101, had the highest efficacy and lower IC50 than established drugs. We validated that CUDC-101 inhibited cellular proliferation and resulted in cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. CUDC-101 also inhibited cellular migration in vitro. Mechanistically, CUDC-101 inhibited MAPK signaling and histone deacetylation in ATC cell lines with multiple driver mutations present in human ATC. The anticancer effect of CUDC-101 was associated with increased expression of p21 and E-cadherin, and reduced expression of survivin, XIAP, β-catenin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin. In an in vivo mouse model of metastatic ATC, CUDC-101 inhibited tumor growth and metastases, and significantly prolonged survival. Response to CUDC-101 treatment in vivo was associated with increased histone 3 acetylation and reduced survivin expression. Our findings provide a preclinical basis to evaluate CUDC-101 therapy in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Mehta
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Cancer Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Curis Inc., Translational Science, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Ze Tian
- Curis Inc., Translational Science, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kiefer
- Division of Information Sciences, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Robert C Smallridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zhuyin Li
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor SNX5422 has a synergistic activity with histone deacetylase inhibitors in induction of death of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Endocrine 2016. [PMID: 26219406 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) inhibitor SNX5422 alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors PXD101, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and trichostatin A (TSA) on survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells was investigated. In 8505C and CAL62 cells, SNX5422 caused cell death with concomitant changes in the expression of hsp90 client proteins. After treatment of both SNX5422 and PXD101, SAHA and TSA, compared with treatment of SNX5422 alone, cell viability was diminished, whereas inhibition rate and cytotoxic activity were enhanced. All of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between SNX5422 and PXD101, SAHA and TSA in induction of cell death. In cells treated with both SNX5422 and PXD101, SAHA and TSA, compared with cells treated with SNX5422 alone, the protein levels of Akt, phospho-4EBP1, phospho-S6 K, and survivin were diminished, while those of γH2AX, acetyl. histone H3, acetyl. histone H4, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3 were enhanced. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SNX5422 has a cytotoxic activity in conjunction with alterations in the expression of hsp90 client proteins in ATC cells. Moreover, SNX5422 synergizes with HDAC inhibitors in induction of cytotoxicity accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and survivin, and the overexpression of DNA damage-related proteins in ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Mehta A, Zhang L, Boufraqech M, Liu-Chittenden Y, Zhang Y, Patel D, Davis S, Rosenberg A, Ylaya K, Aufforth R, Li Z, Shen M, Kebebew E. Inhibition of Survivin with YM155 Induces Durable Tumor Response in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4123-32. [PMID: 25944801 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but lethal malignancy without any effective therapy. The aim of this study is to use a high-throughput drug library screening to identify a novel therapeutic agent that targets dysregulated genes/pathways in ATC. EXPERIMENTALDESIGN We performed quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in ATC cell lines using a compound library of 3,282 drugs. Dysregulated genes in ATC were analyzed using genome-wide expression analysis and immunohistochemistry in human ATC tissue samples and ATC cell lines. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed for determining drug activity, effectiveness of targeting, and the mechanism of action. RESULTS qHTS identified 100 active compounds in three ATC cell lines. One of the most active agents was the first-in-class survivin inhibitor YM155. Genome-wide expression analysis and immunohistochemistry showed overexpression of survivin in human ATC tissue samples, and survivin was highly expressed in all ATC cell lines tested. YM155 significantly inhibited ATC cellular proliferation. Mechanistically, YM155 inhibited survivin expression in ATC cells. Furthermore, YM155 treatment reduced claspin expression, which was associated with S-phase arrest in ATC cells. In vivo, YM155 significantly inhibited growth and metastases and prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that YM155 is a promising anticancer agent for ATC and that its target, survivin, is overexpressed in ATC. Our findings support the use of YM155 in clinical trials as a therapeutic option in advanced and metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mehta
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi Liu-Chittenden
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sean Davis
- Cancer Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Aufforth
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhuyin Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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22
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Selemetjev SA, Savin SB, Paunovic IR, Tatic SB, Cvejic D. Changes in the expression pattern of apoptotic molecules (galectin-3, Bcl-2, Bax, survivin) during progression of thyroid malignancy and their clinical significance. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2014; 127:337-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-014-0674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Benvenga S, Koch CA. Molecular pathways associated with aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:162-70. [PMID: 24955023 PMCID: PMC4064555 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915999140404100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common thyroid malignancy is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Mortality rates from PTC mainly depend on its aggressiveness. Geno- and phenotyping of aggressive PTC has advanced our understanding of treatment failures and of potential future therapies. Unraveling molecular signaling pathways of PTC including its aggressive forms will hopefully pave the road to reduce mortality but also morbidity from this cancer. The mitogen-activated protein kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway as well as the family of RAS oncogenes and BRAF as a member of the RAF protein family and the aberrant expression of microRNAs miR-221, miR-222, and miR-146b all play major roles in tumor initiation and progression of aggressive PTC. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BRAF-mediated events, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, RET/PTC rearrangements, and other molecular targets, show promising results to improve treatment of radioiodine resistant, recurrent, and aggressive PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Christian A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA ; GV (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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24
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Waligórska-Stachura J, Andrusiewicz M, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Biczysko M, Jankowska A, Kubiczak M, Czarnywojtek A, Wrotkowska E, Ruchała M. Survivin delta Ex3 overexpression in thyroid malignancies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100534. [PMID: 24945990 PMCID: PMC4063961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Thyroid cancer incidence has increased significantly during the past decades and is the most common type of endocrine malignancy. Many factors in thyroid cancers were studied as independent predictors of a poor prognosis. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate survivin expression – BIRC5 and its splice variants: survivin delta Ex3 and survivin 2B in benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Design Thyroid tissues samples from a group of 50 patients consisting of: 29 patients with thyroid cancers (including medullary, papillary, follicular and undifferentiated types), as well as from 21 patients with non-cancerous thyroid tissues (including: 11 benign thyroid lesions and 10 healthy thyroid samples). Main Outcome Measures The analysis of the survivin gene expression and evaluation of the level of splice variants were performed using quantitative RT-PCR. Results A statistically significant higher level of expression of survivin gene – BIRC5 was detected in thyroid malignant nodules, when compared with benign lesions and healthy thyroid samples. Moreover, the comparison of survivin relative expression in different staged tumors (pT1, pT3, and pT4) revealed a much higher amount of BIRC5 transcripts in tumor tissues of pT3/pT4. The comparison of survivin expression between benign thyroid nodules and healthy thyroid did not reveal significant differences. Importantly, high expression rate of the survivin delta Ex3 splice variant characterized thyroid carcinomas. Conclusion The results suggest that survivin, especially survivin delta Ex3 splice variant being overexpress, is a characteristic feature of thyroid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Waligórska-Stachura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Biczysko
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrine Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Kubiczak
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Czarnywojtek
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
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