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Qian K, Wang Y, An N, Liu C, Guo K, Yang L, Wang J, Li X, Wang Z. Effect and Safety of Apatinib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae132. [PMID: 39071474 PMCID: PMC11273224 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Presently, there is a paucity of prospective clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced thyroid cancer. Objective This study was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of apatinib as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with local advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods Patients were treated with preoperative apatinib over a course of 2 to 4 cycles, culminating in surgical resection. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR); the secondary endpoints were the rate of R0 surgery, alterations in serum thyroglobulin levels, disease-free survival, and adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 14 patients who met the inclusion criteria were administered neoadjuvant apatinib. Among these, 13 patients underwent surgical procedures following apatinib treatment and were enrolled in the ITT population. The ORR was 53.8% and the DCR was 100%. Of the patients, 84.6% received R0 surgery, while the remaining 15.4% underwent R1 resection. Predominant among the observed AEs were hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, proteinuria, and hypothyroidism, with no instances of grade 4 or 5 AEs reported. Subsequent to surgery, patients were followed up for a median period of 34 months, during which disease progression occurred in 5 individuals (35.7%), encompassing 3 cases of locoregional recurrences and 2 cases of distant metastases. Conclusion Apatinib may be an effective agent in the use of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced DTC. Patients may therefore benefit from surgical outcomes and their long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Chunhao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lingyi Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China
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Agarwal S, Jung CK, Gaddam P, Hirokawa M, Higashiyama T, Hang JF, Lai WA, Keelawat S, Liu Z, Na HY, Park SY, Fukuoka J, Satoh S, Mussazhanova Z, Nakashima M, Kakudo K, Bychkov A. PD-L1 Expression and Its Modulating Factors in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Study. Am J Surg Pathol 2024:00000478-990000000-00390. [PMID: 39004795 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Anti-PD immunotherapy is currently under investigation in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Tumor cell surface PD-L1 expression is considered predictive of therapeutic response. Although papillary thyroid carcinoma has been widely studied for PD-L1 expression, there are limited data on ATC. In this retrospective multi-institutional study involving 9 centers across Asia, 179 ATCs were assessed for PD-L1 expression using the SP263 (Ventana) clone. A tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1% was required to consider a case PD-L1-positive. PD-L1 expression was compared with the histological patterns, the type of specimen (small or large), tumor molecular profile (BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutation status), and patient outcome. PD-L1 expression in any co-existent differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) was evaluated separately and compared with ATC. Most ATCs (73.2%) were PD-L1-positive. The median TPS among positive cases was 36% (IQR 11% to 75%; range 1% to 99%). A high expression (TPS ≥ 50%) was noted in 30.7%. PD-L1-negative cases were more likely to be small specimens (P=0.01). A negative result on small samples, hence, may not preclude expression elsewhere. ATCs having epithelioid and pleomorphic histological patterns were more likely to be PD-L1-positive with higher TPS than sarcomatoid (P<0.01). DTCs were more frequently negative and had lower TPS than ATC (P<0.01). Such PD-L1 conversion from DTC-negative to ATC-positive was documented in 71% of cases with co-existent DTC. BRAF V600E, but not TERT promoter mutations, correlated significantly with PD-L1-positivity rate (P=0.039), reinforcing the potential of combining anti-PD and anti-BRAF V600E drugs. PD-L1 expression, however, did not impact the patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pranitha Gaddam
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Jen-Fan Hang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Somboon Keelawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Precision Pathology of Neoplasia Research Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Satoh
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid and Parathyroid Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhanna Mussazhanova
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Zhang W, Wang H, Li W, Jia Q, Zhang R, Tan J, Wang S, Zhang R. Combined radiation and chemotherapy versus monotherapy for anaplastic thyroid cancer: A SEER retrospective analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34168. [PMID: 39071680 PMCID: PMC11283001 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of combined radiation and chemotherapy (combination therapy) versus monotherapy on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has not yet been clear. Methods We identified 516 ATC patients during 2010-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and evaluated their survival outcome using the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) technique. Results The median overall survival (OS) among the entire cohort was 3 months (95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.42 months), and the 6- and 12-month OS rates were 29 % (95 % CI, 25.01%-32.88 %) and 13 % (95 % CI, 10.60%-16.58 %), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that ATC patients not receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy were unquestionably associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] 3.000, 95 % CI, 2.390-3.764) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 3.107, 95 % CI, 2.388-4.043), compared with those receiving combination therapy. However, combination therapy did not predict better prognosis compared with monotherapy (all P > 0.05). After PSM, the median OS and CSS were also not significantly improved in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (OS, P = 0.382; CSS, P = 0.420) or radiotherapy alone (OS, P = 0.065; CSS, P = 0.251). Conclusion Combination therapy, compared to monotherapy, does not have the expected improvement in survival beyond the benefits achievable with each single-modality treatment, necessitating further prospective research to tailor its treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruiguo Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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Hamidi S, Dadu R, Zafereo ME, Ferrarotto R, Wang JR, Maniakas A, Gunn GB, Lee A, Spiotto MT, Iyer PC, Sousa LG, Akhave NS, Ahmed S, Learned KO, Lu C, Lai SY, Williams M, Hosseini SM, Busaidy NL, Cabanillas ME. Initial Management of BRAF V600E-Variant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: The FAST Multidisciplinary Group Consensus Statement. JAMA Oncol 2024:2821028. [PMID: 38990526 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Importance BRAF/MEK inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of BRAF V600E-variant anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (BRAFv-ATC), offering improved outcomes for patients with this previously incurable disease. Observations Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for approximately half of thyroid cancer-related deaths. It presents as a rapidly growing tumor that often invades locoregional structures and spreads to distant sites early; therefore, prompt diagnosis, staging, and treatment initiation are of the essence in the treatment of ATC. Although most oncologists will encounter a patient with ATC in their practice, the rarity of this disease makes treatment challenging, particularly because those with BRAFv-ATC no longer have a dismal prognosis. BRAF/MEK kinase inhibitors have transformed the outlook and treatment of BRAFv-ATC. Therefore, molecular profiling to identify these patients is critical. More recently, the addition of immunotherapy to BRAF/MEK inhibitors as well as the use of the neoadjuvant approach were shown to further improve survival outcomes in BRAFv-ATC. Many of these recent advances have not yet been incorporated in the currently available guidelines, allowing for disparities in the treatment of patients with BRAFv-ATC across the US. With the increasing complexity in the management of BRAFv-ATC, this Consensus Statement aims to formulate guiding recommendations from a group of experts to facilitate therapeutic decision-making. Conclusions and Relevance This Consensus Statement from the FAST (Facilitating Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Specialized Treatment) group at MD Anderson Cancer Center emphasizes that rapid identification of a BRAF V600E pathogenic variant and timely initiation of sequential therapy are critical to avoid excess morbidity and mortality in patients with BRAFv-ATC. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of patients with BRAFv-ATC, justifying these new evidence-based recommendations reached through a consensus of experts from a high-volume center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamidi
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Ramona Dadu
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Jennifer R Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Anastasios Maniakas
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - G Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Priyanka C Iyer
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Luana G Sousa
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Neal S Akhave
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Salmaan Ahmed
- Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Kim O Learned
- Department of Neuroradiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Charles Lu
- Department of Thoracic-Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - S Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Naifa L Busaidy
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston
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Abdalla AS, Rahman M, Khan SA. Promising Therapeutic Targets for Recurrent/Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:869-884. [PMID: 38862695 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Anaplastic thyroid cancer presents formidable challenges, particularly in cases of recurrence or metastasis. Timely BRAF V600E testing is imperative at diagnosis, initially through immunohistochemistry, followed by comprehensive genomic profiling encompassing genes such as NTRK, RET, ALK, and assessment of tumor mutation burden (TMB). FDA-approved treatment options include dabrafenib and trametinib for patients with BRAF mutations, while those exhibiting high TMB may benefit from pembrolizumab. Further therapeutic decisions hinge upon mutational profile, urgency of response required, airway integrity, and access to targeted therapies There is growing use of immunotherapy for ATC based on published reports of activity, but currently there is no FDA approved agent for ATC. The off-label utilization of "precision medicine" combinations imposes a considerable financial strain, underscoring the necessity for further clinical trials to elucidate promising therapeutic avenues for this orphan disease. There is a pressing need for the development and support of clinical trials investigating genomically driven and immune-based therapies for anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mobeen Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saad A Khan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 780 Welch Road, CJ250L, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
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6
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Yin Y, Wang L, Huang C. Surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy prolonged overall survival in stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer: a SEER-based analysis. Endocrine 2024; 85:250-257. [PMID: 38183567 PMCID: PMC11246269 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy, which accounts for only 1-2% of all thyroid cancers. The median overall survival (OS) time for all stages patients is at about 5 months. The benefit of surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigating surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy and survival outcomes in stage IVC ATC patients. METHOD Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2016 were used to conduct a cross-sectional study in the analysis. The endpoint of this study was overall survival. RESULTS The median OS of the overall population was 2.0 months. Multivariate analysis showed that age (<67 vs. ≥67 years old, P = 0.017, HR = 1.355, 95% CI: 1.057-1.738), tumor size (<7 cm vs. ≥7 cm, P = 0.001, HR = 1.579, 95% CI: 1.202-2.073), Surgery (thyroidectomy vs. non-surgery, P < 0.001, HR = 0.554, 95% CI: 0.401-0.766), radiation therapy (P < 0.001, HR = 0.571, 95% CI: 0.445-0.733) and chemotherapy (P = 0.003, HR = 0.684, 95% CI: 0.531-0.881) were independent prognostic factor for worse OS in stage IVC ATC patients. Surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy exhibited the better overall survival time for 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy can improve overall survival in stage IVC ATC patients. We recommend surgical approach with fully evaluation combined with radiation therapy and chemotherapy for selected stage IVC ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Linhe Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chiming Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chern B, Pinto D, Lum JH, Parameswaran R. Nearly Half of Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer May Be Amenable to Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1304. [PMID: 38927511 PMCID: PMC11201491 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Poorly differentiated cancer (PDC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have an aggressive course of disease with limited treatment options. The expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has been used to determine the responses of many cancers to immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PD-L1 in a cohort of patients with PDC and ATC to assess their suitability for immunotherapy. Data, settings, and participants: This study is a retrospective cohort review of patients treated for PDC and ATC treated at a tertiary referral institution during the period 2000-2020. PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx qualitative immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of tumours to detect the presence of the PD-L1 protein. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The percentage of tumours that were positive for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and the PD-L1 protein expression as measured by using the Tumour Proportion Score (TPS). Secondary outcomes studied were the associations between demographic, clinicopathological, treatment and disease outcomes and PD-L1 expression. RESULTS Nineteen patients (12F:7M) with a mean age of 65.4 (±14.3 SD) years were diagnosed with PDC in 4 (21%) and fifteen were diagnosed with ATC (79%) during the study period. Fifteen (79%) patients underwent some form of surgery, with R0 resection achieved in only three of the fifteen (20%) patients. Overall, PD-L1 expression was seen in seven of the fifteen (47%) of the patients with ATC, with no positivity seen in the patients with PDC. PD-L1 expression had no impact on treatment modality and positive expression was not significantly associated with stage of disease, metastasis, or survival. CONCLUSION Nearly half of patients with ATC express PD-L1 and may be amenable to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Chern
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital Health System, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (B.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Diluka Pinto
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital Health System, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (B.C.); (D.P.)
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Colombo P.O. Box 6, Sri Lanka
| | - Jeffrey Hy Lum
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital Health System, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (B.C.); (D.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, IE Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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8
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Wu G, Song Y, Yang S, Li H, Liu S, Gui L, Ni S. The role of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy therapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2024; 84:1013-1020. [PMID: 38146047 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Traditional treatment methods have not been effective. However, advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy in recent years have shed new light on the management of ATC. The aim of this study was to examine the treatment plan and prognostic factors of ATC. METHODS This study conducted a retrospective analysis of ATC patients who received treatment at our institution between 2000 and 2023 to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and factors influencing survival. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan‒Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS The 6-month and 1-year disease-specific OS rates were 49% and 29%, respectively. The presence of clinical symptoms and the timing of treatment significantly impacted patient prognosis (P < 0.05). Compared with surgery + radiotherapy/chemotherapy and only surgery, targeted therapy and targeted + immunotherapy represented an improved overall survival, The 6-month/1-year survival rates of which were 81%/61% and 91%/73% (P < 0.05), respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that the symptoms at initial diagnosis, year of presentation, performance status and treatment plan were independent factors affecting the prognosis. The year of presentation (P = 0.048) and the treatment plan (P = 0.038) were significantly meaningful in predicting prognosis. CONCLUSION Targeted therapy and targeted+immune therapy can effectively prolong the survival period of ATC patients. Symptoms at initial diagnosis and treatment plan have a significant impact on the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China.
| | - Song Ni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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9
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Turner N, Hamidi S, Ouni R, Rico R, Henderson YC, Puche M, Alekseev S, Colunga-Minutti JG, Zafereo ME, Lai SY, Kim ST, Cabanillas ME, Nurieva R. Emerging therapeutic options for follicular-derived thyroid cancer in the era of immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369780. [PMID: 38868771 PMCID: PMC11167082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although most follicular-derived thyroid cancers are well differentiated and have an overall excellent prognosis following treatment with surgery and radioiodine, management of advanced thyroid cancers, including iodine refractory disease and poorly differentiated/undifferentiated subtypes, is more challenging. Over the past decade, better understanding of the genetic drivers and immune milieu of advanced thyroid cancers has led to significant progress in the management of these patients. Numerous targeted kinase inhibitors are now approved by the U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced, radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Immunotherapy has also been thoroughly studied and has shown promise in selected cases. In this review, we summarize the progress in the understanding of the genetic landscape and the cellular and molecular basis of radioiodine refractory-DTC and ATC, as well as discuss the current treatment options and future therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimah Turner
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Hamidi
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rim Ouni
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rene Rico
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying C. Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Puche
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Engineering, Houston Christian University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sayan Alekseev
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jocelynn G. Colunga-Minutti
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark E. Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen Y. Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sang T. Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
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Priantti JN, Rodrigues NMV, de Moraes FCA, da Costa AG, Jezini DL, Heckmann MIO. Efficacy and safety of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BRAFV600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03845-w. [PMID: 38709445 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 45% of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients harbor a BRAFV600E mutation and are eligible for target therapy (TT) with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi), nevertheless, few data advocate for this. Hence, we've conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness and safety of BRAFi/MEKi in BRAFV600E ATC patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for BRAFi/MEKi TT in BRAFV600E ATC patients. Outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR) and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Nine studies with 168 patients were included. Median follow-up ranged from 2.0 to 47.9 months. 75% of patients had stage IVc. In a pooled analysis, ORR was 68.15% (95% CI 55.31-80.99, I2 = 47%) and DCR was 85.39% (95% CI 78.10-92.68, I2 = 0), with a median DOR of 14.4 months (95% CI 4.6-14.4) and a median PFS of 6.7 months (95% CI 4.7-34.2). Moreover, 1-year OS rate was 64.97% (95% CI 48.76-81.17, I2 = 84%) and 2-years OS rate was 52.08% (95% CI 35.71-68.45, I2 = 79%). Subgroup analysis showed patients in the neoadjuvant setting had higher rates of 1 and 2-years OS and observational studies tended to report higher rates of ORR than clinical trials. No new or unexpected adverse events were found. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated BRAFi/MEKi have a decent activity for BRAFV600E ATC patients, especially in the neoadjuvant setting, with a tolerable safety profile. However, further clinical trials are warranted to investigate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Priantti
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, 69020-160, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Deborah Laredo Jezini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, 69020-160, Brazil
- Department of Education and Research, Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas, Manaus, AM, 69020-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Ovellar Heckmann
- Department of Education and Research, Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas, Manaus, AM, 69020-170, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil
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11
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Wächter S, Bartsch DK, Maurer E. [Personalized approach to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]. CHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 95:192-199. [PMID: 37973622 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-023-01993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) represents the rarest but most aggressive tumor entity of the thyroid gland. In this respect, the treatment of advanced ATC has rapidly evolved in recent years. Recently, new personalized forms of treatment that address the somatic mutational status of the tumor have been increasingly used. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current molecular-based and personalized treatment options for ATC. METHODS A current literature search was performed with a focus on personalized molecular-based treatment options for ATC. RESULTS The majority of patients suffering from ATC have an advanced tumor disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Despite multimodal treatment approaches consisting of surgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy (CTX), the prognosis of ATC is still poor. Accordingly, the focus of innovative treatment approaches is on molecular-based, individualized tumor therapy, including in particular BRAFV600E and multikinase inhibitors. The potential of the latter seems to lie particularly in combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These treatment options can be used in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. Neoadjuvant treatment of advanced ATC can achieve a potentially resectable treatment setting and improve the poor prognosis of affected patients; however, larger prospective and randomized studies on these combination therapies are currently pending. CONCLUSION The focus of future treatment approaches for ATC will be on individualized, molecular-based tumor therapy. In particular, the neoadjuvant use of these therapies may change the paradigm of ATC surgery as locally advanced as well as metastatic carcinomas can be converted to a potentially resectable status and made amenable to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Wächter
- Klinik für Visceral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland.
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Klinik für Visceral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Maurer
- Klinik für Visceral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland
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12
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Ni Z, Cong S, Li H, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wei C, Pan G, He H, Liu W, Mao A. Integration of scRNA and bulk RNA-sequence to construct the 5-gene molecular prognostic model based on the heterogeneity of thyroid carcinoma endothelial cell. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:255-269. [PMID: 38186223 PMCID: PMC10984871 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is a kind of cancer with high heterogeneity, which leads to significant difference in prognosis. The prognostic molecular processes are not well understood. Cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells jointly determine the heterogeneity. However, quite a little attention was paid to cells in the TME in the past years. In this study, we not only reveal that endothelial cells (ECs) are strongly associated with the progress of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and WGCNA, but also screen 5 crucial genes of ECs: CLDN5, ABCG2, NOTCH4, PLAT, and TMEM47. Furthermore, the 5-gene molecular prognostic model is constructed, which can predict how well a patient will do on PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy for TC and evaluate prognosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrates that PLAT is decreased in TC and the increase of PLAT can restrain the migratory capacity of TC cells. Meanwhile, in TC cells, PLAT suppresses VEGFa/VEGFR2-mediated human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and tube formation. Totally, we construct the 5-gene molecular prognostic model from the perspective of EC and provide a new idea for immunotherapy of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Ni
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116000China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Chuanchao Wei
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116000China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
| | - Anwei Mao
- Department of General SurgeryMinhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai201199China
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13
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Soll D, Bischoff P, Frisch A, Jensen M, Karadeniz Z, Mogl MT, Horst D, Penzkofer T, Spranger J, Keilholz U, Mai K. First effectiveness data of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab as first-line therapy in advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38383419 PMCID: PMC10882904 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm. We still lack effective treatment options, so survival rates remain very low. Here, we aimed to evaluate the activity of the combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab as systemic first-line therapy in ATC. METHODS In a retrospective analysis, we investigated the activity and tolerability of combined lenvatinib (starting dose 14 to 24 mg daily) and pembrolizumab (200 mg every three weeks) as first-line therapy in an institutional cohort of ATC patients. RESULTS Five patients with metastatic ATC received lenvatinib and pembrolizumab as systemic first-line therapy. The median progression-free survival was 4.7 (range 0.8-5.9) months, and the median overall survival was 6.3 (range 0.8-not reached) months. At the first follow-up, one patient had partial response, three patients had stable disease, and one patient was formally not evaluable due to interference of assessment by concomitant acute infectious thyroiditis. This patient was then stable for more than one year and was still on therapy at the data cutoff without disease progression. Further analyses revealed deficient DNA mismatch repair, high CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration, and low macrophage infiltration in this patient. Of the other patients, two had progressive disease after adverse drug reactions and therapy de-escalation, and two died after the first staging. For all patients, the PD-L1 combined positive score ranged from 12 to 100%. CONCLUSIONS The combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab was effective and moderately tolerated in treatment-naïve ATC patients with occasional long-lasting response. However, we could not confirm the exceptional responses for this combination therapy reported before in pretreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Soll
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 13, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philip Bischoff
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Frisch
- Department of Radiology (CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zehra Karadeniz
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina T Mogl
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Penzkofer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiology (CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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14
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Liu S, Yan X, Yang Y, Xia Y, Zhang P. Knowledge mapping of anaplastic thyroid cancer treatments: a bibliometric analysis (2000-2023). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1330030. [PMID: 38420016 PMCID: PMC10899696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a relatively rare and extensively malignant kind of thyroid carcinoma. The poor prognosis and high mortality rate of ATC can be attributed to its invasive features and undifferentiated phenotype. At present, there is a lack of efficacious therapeutic options. In light of the elevated fatality rate, it is vital to possess a comprehensive comprehension of the scientific terrain pertaining to ATC. To gather the perspectives of different researchers about the topic of ATC treatment, we did a bibliometric network analysis, which offers a comprehensive view of the scholarly literature. Methodology A systematic search was conducted on the WoSCC database to identify publications pertaining to ATC treatment between the years 2000 and 2023. In this bibliometric investigation, the tools VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix" were employed to investigate the general attributes, developmental framework, and academic frontiers of the subject matter. Results 1223 publications in total, written by 6937 scholars from 53 areas and 1402 institutions and published in 358 scholarly journals, were analyzed. There has been a gradual increase in the quantity of publications pertaining to ATC treatment. The United States and China emerged as the most prominent nations. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Counseling Center are prominent research institutions in highly productive countries. The journal Thyroid holds a prominent position within its discipline, being widely recognized as both the most popular and highly co-cited publication. According to the available data, Maria Cabanillas has authored the highest number of published articles, while RC Smallridge has received the highest number of co-citations. It turned out that the prevailing keywords encompassed expression, therapy, apoptosis, survival, activation, proliferation, metastasis, and other related terms. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and prognostic factors are the emerging research hotspots and trends. Conclusions This paper presents a complete overview of research trends and advancements in the treatment of ATC using bibliometric analysis. The acquisition of information will offer vital insights for funding and potential creative strategies in researching the treatment of ATC, which indicates the research frontiers as well as prevalent directions in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingmin Yan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panshi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Athey JM, Vieson MD, Bailey K, Rudmann D, Baumgartner WA, Selting KA. Canine thyroid carcinomas: A review with emphasis on comparing the compact subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:7-19. [PMID: 37306003 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231177225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Canine thyroid carcinomas are relatively common malignant endocrine neoplasms in dogs derived from either thyroid follicular cells (forming follicular thyroid carcinomas) or medullary cells (parafollicular, C-cells; forming medullary thyroid carcinomas). Older and recent clinical studies often fail to discriminate between compact cellular (solid) follicular thyroid carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas, which may skew conclusions. The compact subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas appears to be the least differentiated subtype of follicular thyroid carcinomas and needs to be differentiated from medullary thyroid carcinomas. This review includes information on the signalment, presentation, etiopathogenesis, classification, histologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis, clinical management, and biochemical and genetic derangements of canine follicular and medullary carcinomas, and their correlates with human medicine.
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16
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Cleere EF, Crotty TJ, Hintze JM, Fitzgerald CWR, Kinsella J, Lennon P, Timon CVI, Woods RSR, Shine NP, O'Neill JP. The role of surgery for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in the era of targeted therapeutics: A scoping review. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:1673-1684. [PMID: 38130255 PMCID: PMC10731486 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Questions exist regarding patient selection for surgery in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), particularly with the advent of neoadjuvant-targeted therapeutics. The present scoping review sought to evaluate what extent of surgical resection should be performed in ATC. Methods A scoping review was carried out in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocols. Included studies were required to provide clear description of the surgery performed for ATC. Results The final search identified 6901 articles. Ultimately only 15 articles including 1484 patients met inclusion criteria. A total of 765 patients (51.5%) underwent attempted curative intent surgery. The approach to resection of adjacent tissues varied between studies. Eight studies considered laryngeal ± pharyngeal resection (8/15, 53.3%), eight studies (53.3%) considered tracheal resection and again eight studies (53.3%) considered esophageal resection. More extensive resections increased morbidity without improving overall survival (OS) (<9 months in the 12 studies using a combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy). In the three studies utilizing targeted therapy in addition to surgery, OS was notably improved while surgical resection following neoadjuvant therapy was less extensive. Conclusions There is no clear agreement in the literature regarding the limits of surgical resection in locoregionally advanced ATC. A definition of surgically resectable disease will be required to guide surgical decision making in ATC, particularly with the potential to reduce tumor burden using neoadjuvant targeted treatment in suitable patients. Level of evidence III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin F. Cleere
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- The Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Thomas J. Crotty
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St James's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Justin M. Hintze
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St James's HospitalDublinIreland
| | | | - John Kinsella
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St James's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Paul Lennon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St James's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Conrad V. I. Timon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, St James's HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Robbie S. R. Woods
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Neville P. Shine
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - James P. O'Neill
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- The Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
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Alhejaily AMG, Alhuzim O, Alwelaie Y. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:99. [PMID: 38022847 PMCID: PMC10666078 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid malignancy, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The rarity of this cancer and its aggressive nature make an accurate diagnosis difficult, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and various imaging techniques. Treatment involves a personalized multimodal approach, including surgery, adjuvant therapies and risk stratification. Prognostic factors such as age, tumor characteristics and genetic alterations play a crucial role in determining patient outcomes. Despite advancements, gaps remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease and establishing standardized treatment guidelines. Further research, collaborative efforts and multicenter studies are necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy, develop targeted therapies and biomarkers, and enhance the long-term management. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of ATC, discussing its clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, prognostic factors and genetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Mohsen G. Alhejaily
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alhuzim
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alwelaie
- Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Chen JY, Huang NS, Wei WJ, Hu JQ, Cao YM, Shen Q, Lu ZW, Wang YL, Wang Y, Ji QH. The Efficacy and Safety of Surufatinib Combined with Anti PD-1 Antibody Toripalimab in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Phase II Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7172-7180. [PMID: 37543550 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the primary treatment for locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, some locally advanced patients are not candidates for R0/1 resection. There is limited evidence of neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced DTC. Surufatinib targets multiple kinases, which is efficient, tolerable, and safe in patients with radioiodine-refractory DTC. In addition, surufatinib plus toripalimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) showed encouraging antitumor activity in advanced solid tumors. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surufatinib plus toripalimab in locally advanced DTC in the neoadjuvant setting. METHODS In this single-arm, phase II study, patients with pathologically confirmed unresectable or borderline resectable DTC were eligible and received a combination of 250 mg of surufatinib (orally daily) with 240 mg of toripalimab (intravenous, every 3 weeks). Treatment continued until satisfied for curative surgery, disease progression, withdrawal of consent, unacceptable toxicity, or investigator decision. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included R0/1 resection rate, adverse events (AEs), etc. RESULTS: Ten patients were enrolled and received at least 4 cycles of treatment. The ORR was 60%. Nine patients received R0/1 resections after neoadjuvant treatment. The median best percentage change in the sum of the target lesion diameter was 32%. Most adverse events (AEs) were grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSIONS Surufatinib in combination with toripalimab as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced DTC was feasible, and the majority of patients achieved R0/1 resection. It represents a new option for locally advanced DTC and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nai-Si Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qian Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Cao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Pita JM, Raspé E, Coulonval K, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Tarabichi M, Dom G, Libert F, Craciun L, Andry G, Wicquart L, Leteurtre E, Trésallet C, Marlow LA, Copland JA, Durante C, Maenhaut C, Cavaco BM, Dumont JE, Costante G, Roger PP. CDK4 phosphorylation status and rational use for combining CDK4/6 and BRAF/MEK inhibition in advanced thyroid carcinomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247542. [PMID: 37964967 PMCID: PMC10641312 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have been established as standard treatment against advanced Estrogen Receptor-positive breast cancers. These drugs are being tested against several cancers, including in combinations with other therapies. We identified the T172-phosphorylation of CDK4 as the step determining its activity, retinoblastoma protein (RB) inactivation, cell cycle commitment and sensitivity to CDK4/6i. Poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinomas, the latter considered one of the most lethal human malignancies, represent major clinical challenges. Several molecular evidence suggest that CDK4/6i could be considered for treating these advanced thyroid cancers. Methods We analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the CDK4 modification profile and the presence of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 in a collection of 98 fresh-frozen tissues and in 21 cell lines. A sub-cohort of samples was characterized by RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Sensitivity to CDK4/6i (palbociclib and abemaciclib) was assessed by BrdU incorporation/viability assays. Treatment of cell lines with CDK4/6i and combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib/trametinib) was comprehensively evaluated by western blot, characterization of immunoprecipitated CDK4 and CDK2 complexes and clonogenic assays. Results CDK4 phosphorylation was detected in all well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (n=29), 19/20 PDTC, 16/23 ATC and 18/21 thyroid cancer cell lines, including 11 ATC-derived ones. Tumors and cell lines without phosphorylated CDK4 presented very high p16CDKN2A levels, which were associated with proliferative activity. Absence of CDK4 phosphorylation in cell lines was associated with CDK4/6i insensitivity. RB1 defects (the primary cause of intrinsic CDK4/6i resistance) were not found in 5/7 tumors without detectable phosphorylated CDK4. A previously developed 11-gene expression signature identified the likely unresponsive tumors, lacking CDK4 phosphorylation. In cell lines, palbociclib synergized with dabrafenib/trametinib by completely and permanently arresting proliferation. These combinations prevented resistance mechanisms induced by palbociclib, most notably Cyclin E1-CDK2 activation and a paradoxical stabilization of phosphorylated CDK4 complexes. Conclusion Our study supports further clinical evaluation of CDK4/6i and their combination with anti-BRAF/MEK therapies as a novel effective treatment against advanced thyroid tumors. Moreover, the complementary use of our 11 genes predictor with p16/KI67 evaluation could represent a prompt tool for recognizing the intrinsically CDK4/6i insensitive patients, who are potentially better candidates to immediate chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Pita
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Coulonval
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dom
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Libert
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- BRIGHTCore, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Tumor Bank of the Institut Jules Bordet Comprehensive Cancer Center – Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Andry
- Department of Head & Neck and Thoracic Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet Comprehensive Cancer Center – Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Wicquart
- Tumorothèque du Groupement de Coopération Sanitaire-Centre Régional de Référence en Cancérologie (C2RC) de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leteurtre
- Department of Pathology, Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inserm, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Trésallet
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery - Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Digestive, Bariatric and Endocrine Surgery - Avicenne University Hospital, Paris Nord - Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laura A. Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Branca M. Cavaco
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacques E. Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Costante
- Departments of Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet Comprehensive Cancer Center – Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P. Roger
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Donini C, Galvagno F, Rotolo R, Massa A, Merlini A, Scagliotti GV, Novello S, Bironzo P, Leuci V, Sangiolo D. PD-1 receptor outside the main paradigm: tumour-intrinsic role and clinical implications for checkpoint blockade. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1409-1416. [PMID: 37474722 PMCID: PMC10628145 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking the inhibitory receptor PD-1 on antitumour T lymphocytes is the main rationale underlying the clinical successes of cancer immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor (CI) antibodies (Abs). Besides this main paradigm, there is recent evidence of unconventional and "ectopic" signalling pathways of PD-1, found to be expressed not only by lymphocytes but also by peculiar subsets of cancer cells. Several groups reported on the tumour-intrinsic role of PD-1 in multiple settings, including melanoma, hepatocellular, thyroid, lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Its functional activity appears intriguing but is not yet conclusively clarified. The initial studies are, in fact, supporting either a pro-tumourigenic role involved in chemoresistance and disease relapse or, oppositely, tumour-suppressive functions. The implications connected to the therapeutic administration of PD-1 blocking Abs are, of course, potentially relevant, respectively inferring an anti-tumour activity contrasting PD-1+ tumourigenic cells or a pro-tumoural effect by tackling PD-1 tumour suppressive signalling. The progressive exploration and consideration of this new paradigm of tumour-intrinsic PD-1 signalling may improve the interpretation of the observed clinical effects by anti-PD-1 Abs, likely resulting from multiple cumulative activities, and might provide important bases for dedicated clinical studies that take into account such composite roles of PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Galvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Massa
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Merlini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G V Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - V Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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21
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Orloff LA, Parangi S. History of Thyroid Surgery in the Last Century. Thyroid 2023; 33:1029-1038. [PMID: 37594750 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Before the 20th century, thyroid surgery was regarded as "horrid butchery" such that no honest and sensible surgeon would ever engage in it. Yet, by the mid-20th century, thyroidectomy had become a respected, life-saving, safe, and increasingly practiced operation. From Kocher to Wells and onward into the 21st century, the evolution of thyroid surgery has continued, enhanced by the integration of endocrinology, genetics, immunology, physiology, technology, training, and multidisciplinary care. The ability to personalize and optimize the care of thyroid disorders has been progressively achieved through shared insights and discoveries, highlights of which are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Orloff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Fagin JA, Krishnamoorthy GP, Landa I. Pathogenesis of cancers derived from thyroid follicular cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:631-650. [PMID: 37438605 PMCID: PMC10763075 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The genomic simplicity of differentiated cancers derived from thyroid follicular cells offers unique insights into how oncogenic drivers impact tumour phenotype. Essentially, the main oncoproteins in thyroid cancer activate nodes in the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS-BRAF pathway, which constitutively induces MAPK signalling to varying degrees consistent with their specific biochemical mechanisms of action. The magnitude of the flux through the MAPK signalling pathway determines key elements of thyroid cancer biology, including differentiation state, invasive properties and the cellular composition of the tumour microenvironment. Progression of disease results from genomic lesions that drive immortalization, disrupt chromatin accessibility and cause cell cycle checkpoint dysfunction, in conjunction with a tumour microenvironment characterized by progressive immunosuppression. This Review charts the genomic trajectories of these common endocrine tumours, while connecting them to the biological states that they confer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gnana P Krishnamoorthy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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23
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de Mello DC, Saito KC, Cristovão MM, Kimura ET, Fuziwara CS. Modulation of EZH2 Activity Induces an Antitumoral Effect and Cell Redifferentiation in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097872. [PMID: 37175580 PMCID: PMC10178714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and lethal form of thyroid cancer that requires urgent investigation of new molecular targets involved in its aggressive biology. In this context, the overactivation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/EZH2, which induces chromatin compaction, is frequently observed in aggressive solid tumors, making the EZH2 methyltransferase a potential target for treatment. However, the deregulation of chromatin accessibility is yet not fully investigated in thyroid cancer. In this study, EZH2 expression was modulated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and pharmacologically inhibited with EZH2 inhibitor EPZ6438 alone or in combination with the MAPK inhibitor U0126. The results showed that CRISPR/Cas9-induced EZH2 gene editing reduced cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro and resulted in a 90% reduction in tumor growth when EZH2-edited cells were injected into an immunocompromised mouse model. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the tumors revealed reduced tumor cell proliferation and less recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the EZH2-edited tumors compared to the control tumors. Moreover, EZH2 inhibition induced thyroid-differentiation genes' expression and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in ATC cells. Thus, this study shows that targeting EZH2 could be a promising neoadjuvant treatment for ATC, as it promotes antitumoral effects in vitro and in vivo and induces cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Claro de Mello
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Saito
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcella Maringolo Cristovão
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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24
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Gild ML, Bullock M, Tsang V, Clifton-Bligh R, Robinson B, Wirth LJ. Challenges and strategies to combat resistance mechanisms in thyroid cancer therapeutics. Thyroid 2023. [PMID: 36924302 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF V600E and K/N/H RAS mutations and oncogenic kinase fusions involving NTRK, RET, ALK and ROS1 have been identified as actionable targets in thyroid cancer. These driver alterations lead to onocogene addiction which has been successfully exploited through tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Acquired resistance may develop following an initial response requiring a therapeutic pivot to new therapies. SUMMARY Several pathways for development of acquired resistance have been identified. These encompass acquired on-target gene mutation impeding drug activity and upregulation of bypass kinase signaling pathways leading to tumour progression. Biopsy of resistant lesions (liquid or tissue) and subsequent molecular analysis can assist with new therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSIONS Progression-free survival is curtailed by developing acquired resistance. To minimise this therapeutic liability, clinicians must be anticipatory in identifying the drivers and characterising mechanisms of on target resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti L Gild
- Royal North Shore Hospital, 60086, Endocrinology, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, 522555, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, 141015, Cancer Genetics, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Martyn Bullock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, 141015, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Venessa Tsang
- Royal North Shore Hospital, 60086, Endocrinology, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, 522555, Northern Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Royal North Shore Hospital, 60086, Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, 522555, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, 141015, Cancer Genetics, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Bruce Robinson
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, 522555, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, 60086, Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Lori J Wirth
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114;
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25
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Maurer E, Eilsberger F, Wächter S, Riera Knorrenschild J, Pehl A, Holzer K, Neubauer A, Luster M, Bartsch DK. Mutation-based, short-term "neoadjuvant" treatment allows resectability in stage IVB and C anaplastic thyroid cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1509-1518. [PMID: 36637521 PMCID: PMC9899736 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few available data indicate that a mutation-based "neoadjuvant" therapy in advanced anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) might convert an initially unresectable primary tumor to resectable and optimize local tumor control. We evaluated a preoperative short-term "neoadjuvant" therapy with a BRAF-directed therapy or, in case of BRAF non-mutated tumors, an mKI/checkpoint inhibitor combination in three patients with ATC stage IVB and C. METHODS In the context of preoperative diagnostics, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment and genetic analysis was started as soon as possible. The antiangiogenetic therapy with lenvatinib was immediately after diagnosis of ATC started as bridging therapy. In case of a BRAF-mutated ATC, a combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib, in case of BRAF-wildtype ATC a combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib was given for 4 weeks. If re-staging has shown a significant therapy response due to a decrease in size of > 50%, surgical resection was reconsidered. A primary tumor resection was performed first. As a second step, limited distant metastasis have been resected approximately 4 weeks after thyroid surgery. After postoperative recovery, the targeted systemic therapy was continued. PATIENTS Two patients presented with BRAF-wildtype ATC stage IVC, one with BRAF-mutated ATC stage IVB. All patients were evaluated by surgery, nuclear medicine and oncology upon diagnosis of ATC. RESULTS In all three cases, the "neoadjuvant" therapy induced a dramatic response and led to local resectability in primarily non-resectable ATC stage IVB or C. We have chosen for the first time a short-term "neoadjuvant" treatment period to reduce the risk of bleeding and/or fistula due to potential rapid tumor shrinkage. The results of surgery after only short-term "neoadjuvant" therapy showed two R0 und one R1 resections. Postoperative histopathological findings confirmed an extent of tumor necrosis or regressive fibrotic tissue between 60 and > 95% in our patients. CONCLUSIONS A short-term mutation-based "neoadjuvant" therapy can achieve local resectability in initially unresectable ATC stage IVB or C. A neoadjuvant treatment period of about 4 weeks seems to show similar response as a treatment duration of at least 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maurer
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - F Eilsberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Wächter
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Riera Knorrenschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Pehl
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - K Holzer
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - A Neubauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Luster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - D K Bartsch
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Song Y, Bai Y, Wang J, Xu G, Wang T, Zhang B. Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibition combined with immunotherapy therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Endocr J 2023; 70:223-228. [PMID: 36351596 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly malignant tumor with invasive nature. Most patients present with locally advanced and/or distant metastatic diseases that are difficult to treat. We report a case of a previously inoperable patient with v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutated ATC. After a trial of neoadjuvant Dabrafenib/Trametinib with immunotherapy, the tumor became operable, and surgical pathology indicated a pathologic complete response (pCR). We also reviewed cases from the literature that utilized neoadjuvant BRAF-directed therapy in ATCs. These cases emphasize that BRAF-and immune-directed therapy is a feasible option in patients with inoperable ATC and may lead to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
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27
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Lorimer C, Cheng L, Chandler R, Garcez K, Gill V, Graham K, Grant W, Sardo Infirri S, Wadsley J, Wall L, Webber N, Wong KH, Newbold K. Dabrafenib and Trametinib Therapy for Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - Real-World Outcomes From UK Centres. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e60-e66. [PMID: 36379836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but aggressive form of thyroid cancer with a median survival of 4 months. Recent advances in molecular profiling have shown that up to half of ATCs harbour the BRAF-V600E mutation. The aim of this study was to provide real-world data and experience on the use of combination therapy dabrafenib and trametinib in patients with BRAF-V600E-mutated advanced ATC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with confirmed BRAF-V600E-mutated ATC, defined as patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC with no locoregional, radical treatment options. Outcomes measured were overall survival, progression-free survival, response rate, discontinuation rate, dose reduction rate and toxicity data. RESULTS Seventeen patients were evaluated and the mean age was 68 years. Ten patients died by the time of censoring. The median duration of follow-up was 12 months (3-43 months). The estimated median overall survival was 6.9 months (95% confidence interval 2.46 months - upper confidence interval not reached) and the median progression-free survival was 4.7 months (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.8 months). Dose interruptions and/or reductions were common, but none of the patients had to permanently discontinue treatment because of toxicities. Severe toxicities (grades 3 and 4) were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the indication of dabrafenib and trametinib in BRAF-V600E-mutated ATC as an effective and well-tolerated treatment in an historically difficult to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lorimer
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Cheng
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
| | - R Chandler
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Garcez
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - V Gill
- St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - K Graham
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Grant
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - J Wadsley
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Wall
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Webber
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - K H Wong
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Newbold
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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28
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Sukrithan V, Jain P, Shah MH, Konda B. Kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancers. ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2023; 3:e220062. [PMID: 37434642 PMCID: PMC10305552 DOI: 10.1530/eo-22-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective The treatment landscape for thyroid cancers has changed rapidly with the availability of kinase inhibitors against VEGFR, BRAF, MEK, NTRK, and RET. We provide an up-to-date review of the role of kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer and discuss upcoming trials. Design & Methods A comprehensive review of the available literature describing kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer was performed. Results and Conclusions Kinase inhibitors have become the standard of care for patients with metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Short-term treatment can re-sensitize differentiated thyroid cancer to radioactive iodine, thereby potentially improving outcomes and sparing toxicities associated with the long-term use of kinase inhibitors. The approval of cabozantinib as salvage therapy for progressive radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer following failure with sorafenib or lenvatinib adds to the available armamentarium of active agents. Vandetanib and cabozantinib have become mainstay treatments for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer regardless of RET mutation status. Selpercatinib and pralsetinib, potent and selective receptor kinase inhibitors with activity against RET, have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for medullary thyroid cancers and other cancers with driver mutations in RET. Dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer provides an effective treatment option for this aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. In order to design the next generation of agents for thyroid cancer, future efforts will need to focus on developing a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to kinase inhibition including bypass signaling and escape mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeth Sukrithan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Prachi Jain
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Manisha H Shah
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhavana Konda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Jungels C, Pita JM, Costante G. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: advances in molecular profiling and targeted therapy. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:1-9. [PMID: 36398690 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) are rare cancers with a globally very poor prognosis, because of their immensely aggressive behaviour, resulting in predominantly advanced stage of disease at diagnosis. Response to available therapies is still disappointing. Aim of the present review is to illustrate the diverse new strategies under investigation, to improve the poor outcome of these patients. RECENT FINDINGS Applying molecular analysis in ATC is unravelling potentially actionable targets of therapy. If a mutation of BRAF V600E is found, a combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib is the recommended treatment. In the presence of another druggable mutation, a specific targeted therapy may be proposed. In the absence of druggable mutations, immunotherapy is an alternative approach, especially in case of significant PD-L1 expression. SUMMARY The molecular profiling of tumour samples is elucidating the genetic alterations involved in ATC development, and new preclinical models are under study to define innovative approaches for individualized treatment of such patients. Hopefully this approach could improve ATC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Jungels
- Department of Oncologic Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jaime Miguel Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Costante
- Department of Oncologic Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to Edit a Thyroid Cancer Cell Line. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:73-84. [PMID: 37486517 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, comprising multiple types of cancer, with distinct clinical-pathological characteristics. The oncogenesis of thyroid cancer is related to genetic alterations in MAPK signaling that induce proliferation and modulate noncoding genes, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. In this context, CRISPR/Cas9 emerges as a potential tool to modify gene sequence and modulate gene expression in thyroid cancer cell lines. In this chapter, we explore some of the current studies in which researchers have applied CRISPR/Cas9 in vitro to investigate thyroid cancer biology (Fig. 5.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Yang S, Ji D, Xue F, Chen T, Wang Y, Ji Q. Neoadjuvant famitinib and camrelizumab, a new combined therapy allowing surgical resection of the primary site for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1770. [PMID: 36535914 PMCID: PMC9875607 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is considered the most lethal thyroid cancer, with an overall 5-year survival rate below 10%. The FDA approved a BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated ATC. However, effective therapeutic options for patients with wild-type BRAF are lacking. CASE In our phase II study, patients having advanced/metastatic solid ATCs were treated with famitinib and camrelizumab, a combination therapy involving a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor and an anti-PD-1 antibody. We report a case of a patient with locally advanced unresectable ATC who underwent this combination therapy, allowing us to perform complete surgical resection followed by post-operative radiation therapy. CONCLISION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the use of famitinib and camrelizumab as a neoadjuvant treatment for ATC with wild-type BRAF. Clinical trial for a novel neoadjuvant approach for ATC are currently open for enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Medical OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Fen Xue
- Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Tongzhen Chen
- PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qinhai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
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Rationale Efficacy and Safety Evidence of Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab Association in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7718-7731. [PMID: 36290887 PMCID: PMC9601195 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are highly aggressive malignant tumors with poor overall prognosis despite multimodal therapy. As ATC are extremely rare, no randomized controlled study has been published for metastatic disease. Thyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, are emerging drugs for ATC. Few studies have reported the efficacity of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib association, resulting in its frequent off-label use. In this review, we discuss rationale efficacy and safety evidence for the association of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in ATC. First, we discuss preclinical rationale for pembrolizumab monotherapy, lenvatinib monotherapy and synergistic action of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in the metastatic setting. We also discuss clinical evidence for immunotherapy and pembrolizumab in ATC through the analysis of studies evaluating immunotherapy, lenvatinib and pembrolizumab lenvatinib association in ATC. In addition, we discuss the safety of this association and potential predictive biomarkers of efficiency.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Sun F, Xing L, Sun X. Towards an era of precise diagnosis and treatment: Role of novel molecular modification-based imaging and therapy for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:980582. [PMID: 36157447 PMCID: PMC9493193 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.980582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated thyroid cancer is the major cause of mortality in thyroid cancer and is difficult to treat. Hence, the essential molecular mechanisms involved in dedifferentiation should be thoroughly investigated. Several studies have explored the biomolecular modifications of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer such as DNA methylation, protein phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation and the new targets for radiological imaging and therapy in recent years. Novel radionuclide tracers and drugs have shown attractive potential in the early diagnosis and treatment of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. We summarized the updated molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation combined with early detection by molecular modification-based imaging to provide more accurate diagnosis and novel therapeutics in the management of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Graduate, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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34
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Fan X, Xie F, Zhang L, Tong C, Zhang Z. Identification of immune-related ferroptosis prognostic marker and in-depth bioinformatics exploration of multi-omics mechanisms in thyroid cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:961450. [PMID: 36060256 PMCID: PMC9428456 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.961450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Factors such as variations in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) gene characteristics could influence the clinical outcome. Ferroptosis and immunity have been verified to play an essential role in various cancers, and could affect the cancer patients’ prognosis. However, their relationship to the progression and prognosis of many types of THCA remains unclear. Methods: First, we extracted prognosis-related immune-related genes and ferroptosis-related genes from 2 databases for co-expression analysis to obtain prognosis-related differentially expressed immune-related ferroptosis genes (PR-DE-IRFeGs), and screened BID and CDKN2A for building a prognostic model. Subsequently, multiple validation methods were used to test the model’s performance and compare its performance with other 4 external models. Then, we explored the mechanism of immunity and ferroptosis in the occurrence, development and prognosis of THCA from the perspectives of anti-tumor immunity, CDKN2A-related competitive endogenous RNA regulatory, copy number variations and high frequency gene mutation. Finally, we evaluated this model’s clinical practice value. Results: BID and CDKN2A were identified as prognostic risk and protective factors, respectively. External data and qRT-PCR experiment also validated their differential expression. The model’s excellent performance has been repeatedly verified and outperformed other models. Risk scores were significantly associated with most immune cells/functions. Risk score/2 PR-DE-IRFeGs expression was strongly associated with BRAF/NRAS/HRAS mutation. Single copy number deletion of CDKN2A is associated with upregulation of CDKN2A expression and worse prognosis. The predicted regulatory network consisting of CYTOR, hsa-miRNA-873-5p and CDKN2A was shown to significantly affect prognosis. The model and corresponding nomogram have been shown to have excellent clinical practice value. Conclusion: The model can effectively predict the THCA patients’ prognosis and guide clinical treatment. Ferroptosis and immunity may be involved in the THCA’s progression through antitumor immunity and BRAF/NRAS/HRAS mutation. CYTOR-hsa-miRNA-873-5p-CDKN2A regulatory networks and single copy number deletion of CDKN2A may also affect THCA′ progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chang Tong
- Pediatric Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyuan Zhang,
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35
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Shonka DC, Ho A, Chintakuntlawar AV, Geiger JL, Park JC, Seetharamu N, Jasim S, Abdelhamid Ahmed AH, Bible KC, Brose MS, Cabanillas ME, Dabekaussen K, Davies L, Dias-Santagata D, Fagin JA, Faquin WC, Ghossein RA, Gopal RK, Miyauchi A, Nikiforov YE, Ringel MD, Robinson B, Ryder MM, Sherman EJ, Sadow PM, Shin JJ, Stack BC, Tuttle RM, Wirth LJ, Zafereo ME, Randolph GW. American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and International Thyroid Oncology Group consensus statement on mutational testing in thyroid cancer: Defining advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted treatment. Head Neck 2022; 44:1277-1300. [PMID: 35274388 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of systemic treatment options leveraging the molecular landscape of advanced thyroid cancer is a burgeoning field. This is a multidisciplinary evidence-based statement on the definition of advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted systemic treatment. METHODS An expert panel was assembled, a literature review was conducted, and best practice statements were developed. The modified Delphi method was applied to assess the degree of consensus for the statements developed by the author panel. RESULTS A review of the current understanding of thyroid oncogenesis at a molecular level is presented and characteristics of advanced thyroid cancer are defined. Twenty statements in topics including the multidisciplinary management, molecular evaluation, and targeted systemic treatment of advanced thyroid cancer are provided. CONCLUSIONS With the growth in targeted treatment options for thyroid cancer, a consensus definition of advanced disease and statements regarding the utility of molecular testing and available targeted systemic therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Shonka
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alan Ho
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Solid Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jong C Park
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Sina Jasim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amr H Abdelhamid Ahmed
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith C Bible
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcia S Brose
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kirsten Dabekaussen
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louise Davies
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A Fagin
- Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raj K Gopal
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce Robinson
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mabel M Ryder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric J Sherman
- Head and Neck Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer J Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan C Stack
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - R Michael Tuttle
- Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lori J Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Angelousi A, Hayes AR, Chatzellis E, Kaltsas GA, Grossman AB. Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a new way forward. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:R85-R103. [PMID: 35521769 PMCID: PMC9175549 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy comprising 1-2% of all thyroid cancers in the United States. Approximately 20% of cases are familial, secondary to a germline RET mutation, while the remaining 80% are sporadic and also harbour a somatic RET mutation in more than half of all cases. Up to 15-20% of patients will present with distant metastatic disease, and retrospective series report a 10-year survival of 10-40% from time of first metastasis. Historically, systemic therapies for metastatic MTC have been limited, and cytotoxic chemotherapy has demonstrated poor objective response rates. However, in the last decade, targeted therapies, particularly multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival in advanced and progressive MTC. Both cabozantinib and vandetanib have been approved as first-line treatment options in many countries; nevertheless, their use is limited by high toxicity rates and dose reductions are often necessary. New generation TKIs, such as selpercatinib or pralsetinib, that exhibit selective activity against RET, have recently been approved as a second-line treatment option, and they exhibit a more favourable side-effect profile. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors may also constitute potential therapeutic options in specific clinical settings. In this review, we aim to present all current therapeutic options available for patients with progressive MTC, as well as new or as yet experimental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Angelousi
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Angelousi or A B Grossman: or
| | - Aimee R Hayes
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleftherios Chatzellis
- Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Department, 251 Hellenic Air Force and VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory A Kaltsas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Angelousi or A B Grossman: or
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Ragusa F, Ferrari SM, Elia G, Paparo SR, Balestri E, Botrini C, Patrizio A, Mazzi V, Guglielmi G, Foddis R, Spinelli C, Ulisse S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Combination Strategies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase or BRAF Inhibitors in Aggressive Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105731. [PMID: 35628540 PMCID: PMC9144613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common (~90%) type of endocrine-system tumor, accounting for 70% of the deaths from endocrine cancers. In the last years, the high-throughput genomics has been able to identify pathways/molecular targets involved in survival and tumor progression. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy individually have many limitations. Regarding the first one, although it greatly reduces the size of the cancer, clinical responses are generally transient and often lead to cancer relapse after initial treatment. For the second one, although it induces longer-lasting responses in cancer patients than targeted therapy, its response rate is lower. The individual limitations of these two different types of therapies can be overcome by combining them. Here, we discuss MAPK pathway inhibitors, i.e., BRAF and MEK inhibitors, combined with checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Several mutations make tumors resistant to treatments. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the patient's individual tumor mutation burden in order to overcome the problem of resistance to therapy and to develop new combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- U.O. Medicina Preventiva Del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.F.); (P.F.)
| | - Claudio Spinelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (S.R.P.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (V.M.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-992318
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.F.); (P.F.)
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Kanai T, Ito T, Morikawa H, Amitani M, Shimizu T, Ohno K, Ono M, Oba T, Maeno K, Ito KI. Surgical resection of the primary tumor prevents an undesirable locoregional condition and improves the quality of life in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Surg Today 2022; 52:1620-1626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-022-02494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Jannin A, Escande A, Al Ghuzlan A, Blanchard P, Hartl D, Chevalier B, Deschamps F, Lamartina L, Lacroix L, Dupuy C, Baudin E, Do Cao C, Hadoux J. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041061. [PMID: 35205809 PMCID: PMC8869821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and undifferentiated form of thyroid cancer. Its prognosis is poor: the median overall survival (OS) of patients varies from 4 to 10 months after diagnosis. However, a doubling of the OS time may be possible owing to a more systematic use of molecular tests for targeted therapies and integration of fast-track dedicated care pathways for these patients in tertiary centers. The diagnostic confirmation, if needed, requires an urgent biopsy reread by an expert pathologist with additional immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. Therapeutic management, defined in multidisciplinary meetings, respecting the patient's choice, must start within days following diagnosis. For localized disease diagnosed after primary surgical treatment, adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy is recommended. In the event of locally advanced or metastatic disease, the prognosis is very poor. Treatment should then involve chemotherapy or targeted therapy and decompressive cervical radiotherapy. Here we will review current knowledge on ATC and provide perspectives to improve the management of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jannin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (A.J.); (B.C.); (C.D.C.)
- H. Warembourg School of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Alexandre Escande
- H. Warembourg School of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
- Academic Radiation Oncology Department, Oscar Lambret Center, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Cancer Medical Pathology and Biology Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Dana Hartl
- Département d’Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Benjamin Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (A.J.); (B.C.); (C.D.C.)
- H. Warembourg School of Medicine, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Frédéric Deschamps
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Paris, France;
| | - Livia Lamartina
- Cancer Medicine Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (L.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | | | - Eric Baudin
- Cancer Medicine Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (L.L.); (E.B.)
| | - Christine Do Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France; (A.J.); (B.C.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Julien Hadoux
- Cancer Medicine Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France; (L.L.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-142116361
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Shih SR, Chen KH, Lin KY, Yang PC, Chen KY, Wang CW, Chen CN, Lin CF, Lin CC. Immunotherapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer: Case series. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1167-1173. [PMID: 35031200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresectable anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited effects on it. Here, we present four cases who underwent immunotherapy for ATC. The patients were aged between 58 and 70 years. Two male patients with pulmonary metastases received pembrolizumab and lenvatinib. However, they died of septic shock and respiratory failure in 2.7 and 1 months, respectively, after the initiation of combination therapy. Another male patient with stage IVB disease was treated with spartalizumab. The tumor remained stable after surgical debulking but slightly progressed after 23 months. He survived for 45.5 months after spartalizumab initiation. A female patient with BRAF-mutant ATC and lung metastases was treated with a combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib, which was complicated with grade 4 transaminitis. The patient subsequently received dabrafenib (a BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (a MEK inhibitor) treatment, which was continued for 10.2 months with a best response of partial remission. She died 18 months after the initial diagnosis (11.4 months after treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib). In conclusion, the treatment responses of immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with other therapies, were highly variable in patients with ATC and should be carefully monitored along with the side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyang-Rong Shih
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Anti-Aging and Health Consultation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hua Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou City, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Ding X, Liang J, Xu H, Lin Y, Khan HH, Shi B. A New Way Out of the Predicament of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma From Existing Data Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:887906. [PMID: 35692397 PMCID: PMC9178175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.887906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an endocrine tumor with a low incidence but a very poor prognosis. The vast majority of patients have a survival time of only three to six months, but a few survive for two years or more. In recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in targeted and immunotherapy in the field of oncology therapy. Although the preliminary study for ATC showed a promising prospect, more clinical trials are needed. It is the best approach to explore the measures that can improve survival time of ATC from the available clinical data, especially those with long survival. METHODS We report on an 82-year-old ATC patient who survived for 3 years and systematically review the clinical characteristics of 45 ATC patients with complete data from the two largest centers in northwest China. In particular, factors related to long-term survival were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS Three years prior, an 82-year-old woman was diagnosed with ATC by core needle biopsy following a physical examination. The thyroid tumor was resected within one month, and then the patient was treated with radiotherapy. The patient was still healthy after three years of follow-up. Analysis of prognostic factors for the 45 reviewed patients showed that those undergoing radical surgery (median overall survival (OS) = 472 days, p = 0.0261) and radiotherapy (median OS = 220 days, p = 0.0136) had better outcomes. In addition, patients younger than 65 years (median OS = 164.5 days, p = 0.0176) and with a lower tumor stage (IV A, median OS = 633.5 days, p = 0.0191) also had a better outcome. CONCLUSION ATC is a highly malignant tumor, but timely early diagnosis and standardized treatment with radical surgery and radiotherapy as the core can achieve good results. Some patients can achieve long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Three wards of Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huayang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hamad Haider Khan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Bingyin Shi,
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Bao L, Xu T, Lu X, Huang P, Pan Z, Ge M. Metabolic Reprogramming of Thyroid Cancer Cells and Crosstalk in Their Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:773028. [PMID: 34926283 PMCID: PMC8674491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.773028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism differs significantly between tumor and normal cells. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and metabolic interplay in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for tumor formation and progression. Tumor cells show changes in both catabolism and anabolism. Altered aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, is a well-recognized characteristic of tumor cell energy metabolism. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells consume more glucose and glutamine. The enhanced anabolism in tumor cells includes de novo lipid synthesis as well as protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Although these forms of energy supply are uneconomical, they are required for the functioning of cancer cells, including those in thyroid cancer (TC). Increasing attention has recently focused on alterations of the TME. Understanding the metabolic changes governing the intricate relationship between TC cells and the TME may provide novel ideas for the treatment of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Bao
- Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical School, Hangzhou, China
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Huang NS, Wei WJ, Xiang J, Chen JY, Guan Q, Lu ZW, Ma B, Sun GH, Wang YL, Ji QH, Wang Y. The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase II Clinical Trial. Thyroid 2021; 31:1808-1813. [PMID: 34610756 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Surgery is the primary treatment for locally advanced thyroid cancer. For some cases, R0/R1 resection could not be achieved at initial diagnosis and neoadjuvant treatment would be an option. Anlotinib is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which demonstrated antitumor activity in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in locally advanced thyroid cancer in the neoadjuvant setting. Methods: This single-arm phase II study investigated the efficacy and safety of anlotinib (12 mg orally daily, 2 weeks on/1 week off) for 2-6 cycles in patients with locally advanced thyroid cancer in the neoadjuvant setting. The key eligibility criteria included age 14-80 years old; locally advanced thyroid cancer that would benefit from surgery, and at least one measurable lesion. Operable patients received surgery after neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Results: A total of 13 patients were enrolled and received an average of 3.5 cycles of anlotinib treatment. The ORR of anlotinib was 76.9% (95% confidence interval: 46.2-95.0%). The R0/R1 resection rate in the intent-to-treat population was 61.5% and in the per-protocol population was 72.7%. The median time to response was 61.5 days, and the disease control rate at 18 weeks was 92.3%. No patients had blood transfusion or tracheotomy. Most adverse events (AEs) were grade 1 or 2 and tended to discontinue when neoadjuvant treatment ceased. Common AEs of all grades were hypertension (76.9%), hypertriglyceridemia (69.2%), proteinuria (53.8%), thyrotropin increase (53.8%), cholesterol elevation (53.8%), and hand-foot syndrome (38.5%). Conclusions: Anlotinib demonstrated antitumor activity in the neoadjuvant treatment and the majority of patients achieved R0/R1 resection. AEs were consistent with the known anlotinib AE profile. These results suggest that anlotinib neoadjuvant treatment represents a new option for locally advanced thyroid cancer. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT04309136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Si Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Ying Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hua Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Brandenburg T, Muchalla P, Theurer S, Schmid KW, Führer D. Therapeutic Effect of Combined Dabrafenib and Trametinib Treatment of BRAF V600E-Mutated Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 10:511-516. [PMID: 34956922 PMCID: PMC8647138 DOI: 10.1159/000518055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) of the thyroid is an exceptionally rare malignancy accounting for <1% of all primary thyroid cancers. Therapy is multimodal including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy but with no consensus for management and therapy. Here, we describe a case of a male patient who presented with a BRAF V600E-mutated PSCC of the thyroid gland showing response to combined dabrafenib and trametinib therapy over a period of >12 months. CASE PRESENTATION A 78-year-old male patient presented with a 3-week history of dysphonia and dyspnoea. Laryngoscopy revealed a mechanical obstruction by a right-sided, subglottical mass, which on cervical ultrasound was highly suggestive of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Additional workup including esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed compression of the oesophagus but no oesophageal infiltration by the tumour. Immunohistochemistry displayed CK19-positive cells indicating epithelial origin of the tumour. CK5/6 and P40 immunohistochemistry confirmed the morphological impression of squamous cell differentiation while staining with thyroid markers TTF-1 and TPO was negative and PAX8 showed a nuclear positive signal. Based on immunohistopathology, presence of TP53 and BRAF V600E mutations, and exclusion of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of other origin, the diagnosis of a PSCC of the thyroid was established. As an individualized treatment concept, we decided to advocate combined BRAF V600E targeting by the multikinase inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib. This led to drastic improvement in patient's quality of life without severe side effects over a period of >12 months. CONCLUSION In this case, molecular diagnosis allowed a highly individualized treatment concept with combined dabrafenib and trametinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Brandenburg
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, Member of ENDO-ERN and EURACAN, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Tim Brandenburg,
| | - Philipp Muchalla
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, Member of ENDO-ERN and EURACAN, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, Member of ENDO-ERN and EURACAN, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, Member of ENDO-ERN and EURACAN, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Endocrine Tumour Center at West German Cancer Center, Member of ENDO-ERN and EURACAN, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Silver Karcioglu A, Iwata AJ, Pusztaszeri M, Abdelhamid Ahmed AH, Randolph GW. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) integrates molecular testing into its framework for managing patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC): Update on the 2021 ATA ATC guidelines. Cancer Cytopathol 2021; 130:174-180. [PMID: 34618407 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Silver Karcioglu
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ayaka J Iwata
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amr H Abdelhamid Ahmed
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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de la Fouchardière C, Wassermann J, Calcagno F, Bardet S, Al Ghuzlan A, Borget I, Borson Chazot F, Do Cao C, Buffet C, Zerdoud S, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Godbert Y, Leboulleux S. [Molecular genotyping in refractory thyroid cancers in 2021: When, how and why? A review from the TUTHYREF network]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:1044-1056. [PMID: 34593218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Refractory thyroid cancers include radio-iodine-refractory cancers, metastatic or locally advanced unresectable medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Their management has been based for several years on the use of multi-target kinase inhibitors, with anti-angiogenic action, with the exception of anaplastic cancers usually treated with chemo- and radiotherapy. The situation has recently evolved due to the availability of molecular genotyping techniques allowing the discovery of rare but targetable molecular abnormalities. New treatment options have become available, more effective and less toxic than the previously available multi-target kinase inhibitors. The management of refractory thyroid cancers is therefore becoming more complex both at a diagnosis level with the need to know when, how and why to look for these molecular abnormalities but also at a therapeutic level, innovative treatments being hardly accessible. The cost of molecular analyzes and the access to treatments need also to be homogenized because disparities could lead to inequality of care at a national or international level. Finally, the strategy of identifying molecular alterations and treating these rare tumors reinforces the importance of a discussion in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Wassermann
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service d'oncologie médicale, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Calcagno
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, département d'oncologie médicale, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Stéphane Bardet
- Centre François-Baclesse, service de médecine nucléaire et UCP thyroïde, 3, avenue du Général Harris, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Gustave-Roussy, service de pathologie morphologique (biopathologie), 39, rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Borget
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Équipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, GRADES, Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Françoise Borson Chazot
- Hôpital Louis-radel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'endocrinologie, 28, avenue doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Christine Do Cao
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Claude-Huriez, service d'endocrinologie diabétologie métabolisme nutrition, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Camille Buffet
- AP-HP, Sorbonne université, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut E3M, DMU Archimède, Institut universitaire du Cancer (IUC), unité thyroïde-tumeurs endocrines du Pr Leenhardt, France
| | - Slimane Zerdoud
- Institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, département de médecine nucléaire, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Hôpital Lyon Sud, service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France; Université Lyon 1, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286, France
| | - Yann Godbert
- Institut Bergonié Bordeaux, département de cancérolgie endocrinienne et médecine nucleaire, 229, cours de l'argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Leboulleux
- Gustave-Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology department, 114, rue Edouard-Vaillant, Villejuif, France
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Yang SR, Tsai MH, Hung CJ, Peng SL, Chiu NT, Huang YH, Tsai HJ. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Successfully Treated With Radiation and Immunotherapy: A Case Report. AACE Clin Case Rep 2021; 7:299-302. [PMID: 34522768 PMCID: PMC8426608 DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare thyroid cancer subtype with a devastating prognosis. Novel treatment strategies are under investigation to improve the survival of patients with ATC. Methods We present a case of recurrent ATC treated with a combination of radiation therapy (RT) and pembrolizumab, a programmed death-1 inhibitor, with a durable complete response. Results A 63-year-old woman underwent total thyroidectomy and left neck lymph node dissection and was diagnosed with papillary carcinoma in December, 2017. She received radioiodine in April, 2018. However, a left neck mass was noted in April, 2018 with biopsy demonstrating ATC with 95% positivity for programmed death-ligand 1 immunostaining. Positron emission tomography showed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the left thyroid bed and multiple lymph nodes in the left retropharyngeal, left neck, and right upper paratracheal areas. Hypofractionated RT for the recurrent areas was initiated in August,2018, and concomitant pembrolizumab was given 2 days after RT. A total of 10 cycles of pembrolizumab (2 mg/kg) were given every 3 weeks. The computed tomography scan after completion of RT and 3 cycles of pembrolizumab showed shrinkage of the neck lymph nodes. The serial follow-up computed tomography scans showed further shrinkage of the lymph nodes, and there was no recurrence of ATC as of October, 2020. Conclusion We describe an ATC case successfully treated with a combination of RT and pembrolizumab with a durable response of 26 months and acceptable toxicities. This result warrants further investigation of this combination regimen in the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Ru Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hung Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jye Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Peng
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Tsing Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Nursing Department of National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Vinh D, Zafereo M. Surgical Considerations in Thyroid Cancer: What the Radiologist Needs to Know. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2021; 31:327-335. [PMID: 34243867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Management of thyroid cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach including head and neck/endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, oncologists, and radiologists. The radiographic evaluation of thyroid cancer is critical for complete and precise staging and affects the surgical approach to address these cancers. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the common thyroid cancer pathologies and surgical considerations in thyroid cancer, focusing on the extent of surgery and the influence of preoperative imaging on surgical decision-making. This article assumes that a diagnosis of thyroid cancer has been made and does not discuss the workup or surveillance of thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vinh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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de Santa-Inez DC, Fuziwara CS, Saito KC, Kimura ET. Targeting the Highly Expressed microRNA miR-146b with CRISPR/Cas9n Gene Editing System in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157992. [PMID: 34360757 PMCID: PMC8348963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and the characterization of the genetic alterations in coding-genes that drive thyroid cancer are well consolidated in MAPK signaling. In the context of non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that, when deregulated, cooperate to promote tumorigenesis by targeting mRNAs, many of which are proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In thyroid cancer, miR-146b-5p is the most overexpressed miRNA associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression, while the antisense blocking of miR-146b-5p results in anti-tumoral effect. Therefore, inactivating miR-146b has been considered as a promising strategy in thyroid cancer therapy. Here, we applied the CRISPR/Cas9n editing system to target the MIR146B gene in an aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell line. For that, we designed two single-guide RNAs cloned into plasmids to direct Cas9 nickase (Cas9n) to the genomic region of the pre-mir-146b structure to target miR-146b-5p and miR-146b-3p sequences. In this plasmidial strategy, we cotransfected pSp-Cas9n-miR-146b-GuideA-puromycin and pSp-Cas9n-miR-146b-GuideB-GFP plasmids in KTC2 cells and selected the puromycin resistant + GFP positive clones (KTC2-Cl). As a result, we observed that the ATC cell line KTC2-Cl1 showed a 60% decrease in the expression of miR-146b-5p compared to the control, also showing reduced cell viability, migration, colony formation, and blockage of tumor development in immunocompromised mice. The analysis of the MIR146B edited sequence shows a 5 nt deletion in the miR-146b-5p region and a 1 nt deletion in the miR-146b-3p region in KTC2-Cl1. Thus, we developed an effective CRISPR/Cas9n system to edit the MIR146B miRNA gene and reduce miR-146b-5p expression which constitutes a potential molecular tool for the investigation of miRNAs function in thyroid cancer.
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Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Insights into Genomics, Microenvironment and New Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133200. [PMID: 34206867 PMCID: PMC8267688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decades, many researchers produced promising data concerning genetics and tumor microenvironment of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). They are trying to tear the veil covering these orphan cancers, suggesting new therapeutic weapons as single or combined therapies. Abstract PDTC and ATC present median overall survival of 6 years and 6 months, respectively. In spite of their rarity, patients with PDTC and ATC represent a significant clinical problem, because of their poor survival and the substantial inefficacy of classical therapies. We reviewed the newest findings about genetic features of PDTC and ATC, from mutations occurring in DNA to alterations in RNA. Therefore, we describe their tumor microenvironments (both immune and not-immune) and the interactions between tumor and neighboring cells. Finally, we recapitulate how this upcoming evidence are changing the treatment of PDTC and ATC.
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