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Reis ÁEDM, Teixeira IS, Maia JM, Luciano LAA, Brandião LM, Silva MLS, Branco LGS, Soriano RN. Maternal nutrition and its effects on fetal neurodevelopment. Nutrition 2024; 125:112483. [PMID: 38823254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a thorough examination of the impact of maternal nutrition on fetal and infant neurodevelopment, focusing on specific nutrients and their critical roles in perinatal and pediatric health. Through a comprehensive narrative review of the literature, this study highlights the importance of a balanced maternal diet rich in nutrients like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), folic acid, iron, and iodine in shaping children's neurological functions. Key findings underscore the influence of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the peri-gestational period on children's cognitive, motor, speech, and socio-emotional development. Deficiencies in essential nutrients, such as DHA, are linked to adverse long-lasting outcomes such as premature birth and intrauterine growth restriction, where a suitable intake of iron and folic acid is vital to prevent neural tube defects and promote healthy brain development. We highlight areas requiring further investigation, particularly regarding iodine's impact and the risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. In conclusion, this research sheds light on our current understanding of maternal nutrition and child neurodevelopment, offering valuable insights for health professionals and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Silva Teixeira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marino Maia
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Marques Brandião
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Spiller P, van Wijngaarden E, Adams HR, Strain JJ, McSorley EM, Mulhern MS, Conway MC, Yeates AJ, Carrington C, Bolger PM, Morgan KM, Taylor CM, Ralston NVC, Crawford MA, Hibbeln JR, Brenna JT, Myers GJ. Net effects explains the benefits to children from maternal fish consumption despite methylmercury in fish. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:195-205. [PMID: 37866693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued precautionary advice to pregnant women to limit fish consumption over concern that the methylmercury content might harm their children's neurodevelopment. This concern was based largely on results from an epidemiological study of mothers primarily exposed to methylmercury from consuming pilot whale. Subsequently, FDA and the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) undertook independent assessments of fish consumption that considered net effects from both fish nutrients, primarily omega-3 fatty acids, as beneficial and methylmercury as harmful. Both assessments estimated that when mothers regularly consume fish during pregnancy, their children are likely to have improved neurodevelopment compared to children of non-fish eaters despite their exposure to methylmercury. These estimated improvements included gains of two to over five full scale IQ points from levels of maternal consumption that are achievable in most of the world. Consistent with those estimates, human research on fish consumption and child neurodevelopment from more than 200,000 mother-child pairs now collectively reports 51 beneficial associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes and three adverse associations, the latter with no discernable pattern. These associations include full scale IQ gains similar to, or somewhat higher than, those estimated by FDA and FAO/WHO. Also consistent with the FDA and FAO/WHO estimates, research has reported beneficial associations with fish consumption when pregnant women are exposed to methylmercury from fish in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reference Dose (RfD). Our analysis evaluates how the net effects approach as utilized by FDA and FAO/WHO provides a holistic explanation for these results with implications for public health policy. This concordance of net effects modeling and empirical scientific evidence supports a clarification of current public health recommendations to focus on greater fish consumption by pregnant women for their children's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spiller
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Heather R Adams
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marie C Conway
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Allison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Clark Carrington
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - P Michael Bolger
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Kara M Morgan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration (retired), College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Rd, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Nicholas V C Ralston
- Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction. Imperial College, London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Room H 3, 34, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health (retired), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Gary J Myers
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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G Bjørkevoll SM, Konijnenberg C, Kvestad I, McCann A, Ueland PM, Næss Sleire S, Dahl L, Kjellevold M, Strand TA, Markhus MW. Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Pregnant Females and Their Infants in Norway: Secondary Analysis from the Mommy's Food Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:3543-3554. [PMID: 37858724 PMCID: PMC10739771 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 and folate are essential micronutrients important for normal infant growth and development. OBJECTIVES The aims were to describe vitamin B12 and folate status in pregnant females and their infants according to commonly used status cutoffs and examine the associations between maternal status, maternal supplement use, and breastfeeding and infant status. METHODS Pregnant females were recruited at 18 wk gestation in Bergen, Norway. Maternal vitamin B12 and folate status were measured at gestational weeks 18 (n = 136) and 36 (n = 116), and infant status was measured at ages 3 (n = 73) and 6 (n = 74) mo. RESULTS At gestational weeks 18 and 36, respectively, 4.4% and 2.6% of the mothers had plasma cobalamin concentrations <148 pmol/L, 0.7% and 6.9% had methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations >0.26 μmol/L, and 3.7% and 30% had folate concentrations <10 nmol/L. None of the females had total homocysteine (t-Hcy) concentrations >13 μmol/L or 3 combined indicator of vitamin B12 (cB12) < -0.5. At 3 and 6 mo, respectively, 4.1% and 5.4% of the infants had cobalamin concentrations <148 pmol/L, 63% and 74% had t-Hcy concentrations >6.5 μmol/L, 59% and 66% had MMA concentrations >0.26 μmol/L, and 47% and 60% had cB12 > -0.5. None of the infants had folate concentrations <10 nmol/L. Several of the vitamin B12 biomarkers in infants were associated with maternal vitamin B12 status during pregnancy. Breastfed infants had lower vitamin B12 status (as indicated by plasma cobalamin, t-Hcy, and cB12) than nonbreastfed infants at both 3 and 6 mo. Use of supplements during pregnancy was associated with better vitamin B12 status among infants at 3 and 6 mo, as indicated by infants' cobalamin and t-Hcy concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency among infants was common and associated with maternal vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Among the mothers, an increase in biochemical folate deficiency was discovered toward the end of gestation. Further studies are needed to investigate clinical consequences. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02610959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Maja G Bjørkevoll
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Carolien Konijnenberg
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Regional Centre for child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Tor A Strand
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway
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Infant iodine status and associations with maternal iodine nutrition, breast-feeding status and thyroid function. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:854-863. [PMID: 35535981 PMCID: PMC9975782 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adequate iodine nutrition during infancy is required for normal thyroid function and, subsequently, brain development. However, data on infant iodine status in the first year of life are scarce. This study aimed to describe infant iodine status and further explore its associations with maternal iodine nutrition, breast-feeding status and thyroid function. In this cohort study, 113 infants were followed up at ages 3, 6 and 11 months in Norway. Infant and maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC), maternal iodine intake, breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC), breast-feeding status and infant thyroid function tests were measured. The median infant UIC was 82 µg/l at the age of 3 months and below the WHO cut-off of 100 µg/l. Infant UIC was adequate later in infancy (median 110 µg/l at ages 6 and 11 months). Infant UIC was associated positively with maternal UIC (β = 0·33, 95 % CI (0·12, 0·54)), maternal iodine intake (β = 0·30, 95 % CI (0·18, 0·42)) and BMIC (β = 0·46, 95 % CI (0·13, 0·79)). Breastfed infants had lower median UIC compared with formula-fed infants at ages 3 months (76 v. 190 µg/l) and 6 months (105 v. 315 µg/l). Neither infant UIC nor BMIC were associated with infant thyroid function tests. In conclusion, breastfed infants in Norway are at risk of insufficient iodine intake during the first months of life. Maternal iodine nutrition is important for providing sufficient iodine intake in infants, and awareness of promoting adequate iodine nutrition for lactating women should be prioritised.
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Dai FC, Wang P, Li Q, Zhang L, Yu LJ, Wu L, Tao RX, Zhu P. Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment: A prospective birth cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1078481. [PMID: 36726814 PMCID: PMC9885498 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1078481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Embryonic neural development is associated with intrauterine nutritional status. However, few cohort studies estimated the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring's early neurodevelopment. Objective To examine the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MD) during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment, including the potential mediating role of cord blood metabolites. Methods Among 1,471 mother-child pairs in a prospective birth cohort study in Hefei, China, we investigated the associations between maternal MD score [calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)] and child neurodevelopment at infancy [assessed using Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3)]. The cord blood metabolic markers (including C-peptide, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) were measured. Results The MD score was negatively associated with communication domain developmental delays in infants [relative risk (RR) with 95% CI: 0.34 (0.16, 0.72)]. Compared with girls, boys born from mothers with lower MD scores during pregnancy were inclined to the failure of the communication domain [RRs with 95% CI for boys: 0.34 (0.14, 0.84); for girls: 0.26 (0.06, 1.18)]. Mediation analysis showed that the association between the maternal MD score and failure of communication domain mediated by C-peptide was 19.4% in boys but not in girls. Conclusion Adhering to the MD during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of poor neurodevelopment, possibly mediated by lower levels of cord blood C-peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-cai Dai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-jun Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-xue Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Rui-xue Tao ✉
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Peng Zhu ✉
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Lv S, Qin R, Jiang Y, Lv H, Lu Q, Tao S, Huang L, Liu C, Xu X, Wang Q, Li M, Li Z, Ding Y, Song C, Jiang T, Ma H, Jin G, Xia Y, Wang Z, Geng S, Du J, Lin Y, Hu Z. Association of Maternal Dietary Patterns during Gestation and Offspring Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2022; 14:730. [PMID: 35215380 PMCID: PMC8878236 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The health effects of diet are long term and persistent. Few cohort studies have investigated the influence of maternal dietary patterns during different gestational periods on offspring's health outcomes. This study investigated the associations between maternal dietary patterns in the mid- and late-gestation and infant's neurodevelopment at 1 year of age in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort (JBC) Study. A total of 1178 mother-child pairs were available for analysis. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate dietary intake at 22-26 and 30-34 gestational weeks (GWs). Neurodevelopment of children aged 1 year old was assessed using Bayley-Ⅲ Screening Test. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Poisson regression were used to extract dietary patterns and to investigate the association between dietary patterns and infant neurodevelopment. After adjusting for potential confounders, the maternal 'Aquatic products, Fresh vegetables and Homonemeae' pattern in the second trimester was associated with a lower risk of being non-competent in cognitive and gross motor development, respectively (cognition: aRR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.94; gross motor: aRR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.91), and the similar pattern, 'Aquatic products and Homonemeae', in the third trimester also showed significant association with decreased risk of failing age-appreciate cognitive and receptive communication development (cognition: aRR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.98; receptive communication: aRR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-0.99). Notably, adherence to the dietary pattern with relatively high aquatic and homonemeae products in both trimesters demonstrated remarkable protective effects on child neurodevelopment with the risk of being non-competent in cognitive and gross motor development decreasing by 59% (95% CI 0.21-0.79) and 63% (95% CI 0.18-0.77), respectively. Our findings suggested that adherence to the 'Aquatic products and Homonemeae' dietary pattern during pregnancy may have optimal effects on offspring's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Qun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shiyao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Qingru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (S.L.); (R.Q.); (Y.J.); (H.L.); (Q.L.); (S.T.); (L.H.); (C.L.); (X.X.); (Q.W.); (M.L.); (Z.L.); (H.M.); (G.J.); (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China;
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
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7
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Kjellevold M, Kuhnle GA, Iversen SA, Markhus MW, Mancha-Cisneros MDM, Gorelli G, Nedreaas K. Small-scale fisheries contribution to food and nutrition security—a case study from Norway. NPJ OCEAN SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 1:5. [PMCID: PMC9533999 DOI: 10.1038/s44183-022-00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Nordic food systems have not been able to reduce the negative development of non-communicable nutrition-related diseases. A shift from a terrestrial animal-based diet toward aquatic foods may enhance the quality of the overall diet and at the same time contribute to climate change mitigation. The aim of the present study is to quantify catches from the Norwegian small-scale fisheries (SSF), compare the catches to recommended dietary intakes, and assess the potential contribution of SSF to local food and nutrition security (FNS). The Norwegian SSF catches are landed in Norway, and thus highly accessible in times of crisis. Here we show that the Norwegian SSF can provide a population of 5 million people with 1–2 portions of seafood weekly (360 g), corresponding to ~70–96% of the recommended intake/person/year of the key nutrients such as vitamin B12, iodine, and the n-3 long-chained poly-unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. These findings provide a basis for policymakers on the potential of the SSF to substantially contribute to national FNS. We call for a more offensive policy where fish as a source of essential micronutrients are implemented in food-based dietary guidelines as an alternative to supplement and fortify other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Kjellevold
- grid.10917.3e0000 0004 0427 3161Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe Aa. Kuhnle
- grid.10917.3e0000 0004 0427 3161Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein A. Iversen
- grid.10917.3e0000 0004 0427 3161Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria W. Markhus
- grid.10917.3e0000 0004 0427 3161Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria del Mar Mancha-Cisneros
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Center for Marine Conservation and Biodiversity, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Giulia Gorelli
- grid.420153.10000 0004 1937 0300Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Kjell Nedreaas
- grid.10917.3e0000 0004 0427 3161Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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8
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Hansen JØ, Sharma S, Horn SJ, Eijsink VGH, Øverland M, Mydland LT. Fecal Excretion and Whole-Body Retention of Macro and Micro Minerals in Atlantic Salmon Fed Torula Yeast Grown on Sugar Kelp Hydrolysate. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082409. [PMID: 34438866 PMCID: PMC8388665 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast is a microbial feed ingredient that can be produced from non-food biomasses. Brown seaweed contains high levels of complex carbohydrates that are not digested to any extent by monogastric animals but can be used as carbon sources for yeast production. The objective of this study was to investigate how minerals originating from brown macroalgae (Saccharina latissima) are incorporated in Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast and to assess the bioavailability of these different minerals as well as their accumulation into different organs of Atlantic salmon. The yeast C. jadinii was produced on a seaweed hydrolysate mixed with a sugar-rich wood hydrolysate in a 9:1 volume ratio and fed to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in two different experiments: a digestibility experiment with 30% dietary inclusion of yeast and a retention experiment with increasing inclusion of yeast (5, 10, and 20%). Seaweed minerals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co) were incorporated to a high degree in the yeast. The apparent fecal excretion of minerals was similar in both experiments, in general, with low excretion of, I, bromine (Br), and arsenic (As) (ranging from 18.0% to 63.5%) and high excretion of iron (Fe), Cu, Mn, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (ranging from 56.9% to <100%), despite the different fish size and fecal sampling method. High levels of Cu, I, Br, and Co in the yeast resulted in a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in retention of these minerals in salmon fed increasing levels of yeast. Despite increasing amounts of these minerals in the feed, whole-body levels of Cu and Mn remained stable, whereas whole-body levels of Co, somewhat unexpectedly, decreased with increased dietary yeast inclusion. The Cd from the yeast had low bioavailability but was concentrated more in the kidney (0.038 mg kg-1) and liver (0.025 mg kg-1) than in muscle (0.0009 mg kg-1). The given Cd level in fish strengthens the indication that it is safe to feed salmon with up to 20% inclusion of seaweed yeast without exceeding the maximum limit for Cd of 0.05 mg kg-1 w.w. in fish meat. The level and retention (p < 0.05) of As were lower in the yeast compared to fishmeal. The high level of iodine in S. latissima (3900 mg kg-1) was partly transferred to the yeast, and salmon fed increasing levels of yeast displayed a linear increase in whole-body I content (p < 0.05). There is, however, a need for a growth experiment with larger fish to draw any firm conclusions regarding food safety. Overall, this study shows that yeast grown on hydrolyzed seaweed can be a suitable mineral source for Atlantic salmon, especially when diets are low in fishmeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Øvrum Hansen
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; (M.Ø.); (L.T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-6723-2666
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; (S.S.); (S.J.H.); (V.G.H.E.)
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; (S.S.); (S.J.H.); (V.G.H.E.)
| | - Vincent G. H. Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; (S.S.); (S.J.H.); (V.G.H.E.)
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; (M.Ø.); (L.T.M.)
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway; (M.Ø.); (L.T.M.)
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9
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Oliveira H, Blocquel C, Santos M, Fretigny M, Correia T, Gonçalves A, Cabado AG, López LB, Raaholt BW, Ferraris F, Iacoponi F, Cubadda F, Mantovani A, Vallet E, Vlaemynck G, Fernández-Arribas J, Eljarrat E, López E, López de Alda M, Panicz R, Sobczak M, Eljasik P, Cunha S, Ferreira R, Fernandes JO, Sousa S, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C, Marques A, Nunes ML. Semi-industrial development of nutritious and healthy seafood dishes from sustainable species. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112431. [PMID: 34293428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to devise innovative, tailor-made, appealing, tasty and semi-industrialized dishes, using sustainable and under-utilized seafood species (bib, common dab, common carp, blue mussel and blue whiting), that can meet the specific nutritional and functional needs of children (8-10-years), pregnant women (20-40-years) and seniors (≥60-years). Hence, contests were organised among cooking schools from 6 European countries and the best recipes/dishes were reformulated, semi-industrially produced and chemically and microbiologically evaluated. The dishes intended for: (i) children and pregnant women had EPA + DHA and I levels that reached the target quantities, supporting the claim as "high in I"; and (ii) seniors were "high in protein" (24.8%-Soup_S and 34.0%-Balls_S of the energy was provided by proteins), "high in vitamin B12", and had Na contents (≤0.4%) below the defined limit. All dishes reached the vitamin D target value. Sausages_C, Roulade_P, Fillet_P and Balls_S had a well-balanced protein/fat ratio. Roulade_P presented the highest n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA ratio (3.3), while Sausages_C the lowest SFA/UNS ratio (0.2). Dishes were considered safe based on different parameters (e.g. Hg-T, PBDEs, Escherichia coli). All represent dietary sources contributing to meet the reference intakes of target nutrients (33->100%), providing valuable options to overcome nutritional and functional imbalances of the three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveira
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | - Marta Santos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | - Tatiana Correia
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana G Cabado
- ANFACO CECOPESCA - Ctra. Colexio Universitario, Pontevedra, 16, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Blanco López
- ANFACO CECOPESCA - Ctra. Colexio Universitario, Pontevedra, 16, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | | | - Francesca Ferraris
- ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Iacoponi
- ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabeth Vallet
- Ethic ocean, Tour ESSOR, 14 rue Scandicci, 93500, Pantin, France.
| | - Geertrui Vlaemynck
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Department Technology and Food Science, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Julio Fernández-Arribas
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther López
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Remigiusz Panicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, Department of Meat Science, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Sobczak
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, Department of Meat Science, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Eljasik
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, Department of Meat Science, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Sara Cunha
- LAQV/Requimte-Faculty Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Ferreira
- LAQV/Requimte-Faculty Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV/Requimte-Faculty Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - António Marques
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, I.P, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P, Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Leonor Nunes
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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10
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Næss S, Markhus MW, Strand TA, Kjellevold M, Dahl L, Stokland AEM, Nedrebø BG, Aakre I. Iodine Nutrition and Iodine Supplement Initiation in Association with Thyroid Function in Mildly-to-Moderately Iodine-Deficient Pregnant and Postpartum Women. J Nutr 2021; 151:3187-3196. [PMID: 34255063 PMCID: PMC8485914 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas the adverse effects of severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy are well documented, the effects of mild-to-moderate deficiency are not well established. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore whether iodine nutrition and timing of iodine supplement initiation are associated with thyroid function in pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS In this cohort study, 137 pregnant women were enrolled and followed up at gestational weeks (GWs) 18 and 36, and 3 and 6 mo postpartum. Thyroid function tests [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4)], urinary iodine and creatinine concentration (UIC:Cr), and iodine intake (including iodine supplement use) were measured at each time point. The associations between thyroid hormone concentrations and UIC:Cr, iodine intakes, and iodine supplement use were estimated using multiple generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS The median UIC at GW18 was 94 μg/L, indicating mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. UIC:Cr (β; 95% CI) per 100 μg/g was negatively associated with fT3 (-0.191; -0.331, -0.051) and fT4 (-0.756; -1.372, -0.141) concentrations. Iodine intake (β; 95% CI) per 100 μg/d was positively associated with TSH (0.099; 0.022, 0.177), and negatively associated with fT3 (-0.084; -0.0141, -0.027) and fT4 (-0.390; -0.599, -0.182) concentrations. Compared with no use of supplement, those initiating an iodine-containing supplement prepregnancy and continuing through pregnancy had lower TSH (estimated means) (1.35 compared with 1.68 mIU/L, P = 0.021), and higher fT3 (4.48 compared with 4.28 pmol/L, P = 0.035) and fT4 (15.2 compared with 14.4 pmol/L, P = 0.024) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Lower iodine availability during pregnancy and postpartum was associated with lower TSH, and higher fT3 and fT4 concentrations. The use of an iodine-containing supplement that was initiated prepregnancy and continuing through pregnancy was associated with lower TSH, and higher fT3 and fT4 concentrations, which may suggest improved thyroid function. These findings support the notion that optimization of iodine intake should start before pregnancy.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02610959.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria W Markhus
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor A Strand
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Elin M Stokland
- Department of Endocrinology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn G Nedrebø
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inger Aakre
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Kvestad I, Hysing M, Kjellevold M, Næss S, Dahl L, Markhus MW. Maternal Cod Intake during Pregnancy and Infant Development in the First Year of Life: Secondary Analyses from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2021; 151:1879-1885. [PMID: 33847344 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy is associated with child neurodevelopment. No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the effect of maternal lean fish consumption during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to examine the effect of increased maternal cod intake during pregnancy on infant general and socio-emotional development in the first year of life, and whether any effects observed were mediated by maternal iodine status. METHODS In an RCT, 133 pregnant women (≤19 weeks of gestation) were randomly assigned to receive 200 g cod fillet twice weekly (intervention) or to continue with their habitual diet (control) for 16 wk. The mothers completed the developmental screening questionnaires Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 2nd edition (ASQ-2) and Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE) when the infants were 3, 6, and 11 mo old. We compared scores between groups using linear mixed-effects models and examined whether iodine status postintervention mediated the effect on child development. RESULTS We found no difference between infants in the intervention and control groups on total ASQ-2 scores (P = 0.633), but a difference on the ASQ:SE scores in favor of the intervention group (20.9 and 20.5 in the intervention group and 26.1 and 26.8 in the control group for 3 and 6 mo, respectively; P = 0.020). There was no difference in change of the scores between the groups over time (P = 0.946). The effect of group on the total ASQ:SE scores was not mediated via maternal urinary iodine concentration postintervention (β = -1.03, SE = 0.68, P = 0.126). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide no evidence for an effect of increased cod intake during pregnancy on general child development in the first year of life, but there was a positive effect on socio-emotional problems. More studies are needed to define the role of fish consumption during pregnancy and the effects on child neurodevelopment.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02610959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synnøve Næss
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria W Markhus
- Department of Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Muhlhausler BS. Maternal Fish Intake and Infant Neurodevelopment: Causality or a Red Herring? J Nutr 2021; 151:1688-1689. [PMID: 34091689 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly S Muhlhausler
- Nutrition and Health, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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