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Titouche Y, Akkou M, Djaoui Y, Mechoub D, Fatihi A, Campaña-Burguet A, Bouchez P, Bouhier L, Houali K, Torres C, Nia Y, Hennekinne JA. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy dairy cows in Algeria: antibiotic resistance, enterotoxin genes and biofilm formation. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:247. [PMID: 38849892 PMCID: PMC11157847 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus can colonize and infect a variety of animal species. In dairy herds, it is one of the leading causes of mastitis cases. The objective of this study was to characterize the S. aureus isolates recovered from nasal swabs of 249 healthy cows and 21 breeders of 21 dairy farms located in two provinces of Algeria (Tizi Ouzou and Bouira). METHODS The detection of enterotoxin genes was investigated by multiplex PCRs. Resistance of recovered isolates to 8 antimicrobial agents was determined by disc-diffusion method. The slime production and biofilm formation of S. aureus isolates were assessed using congo-red agar (CRA) and microtiter-plate assay. Molecular characterization of selected isolates was carried out by spa-typing and Multi-Locus-Sequence-Typing (MLST). RESULTS S. aureus was detected in 30/249 (12%) and 6/13 (28.6%) of nasal swabs in cows and breeders, respectively, and a total of 72 isolates were recovered from positive samples (59 isolates from cows and 13 from breeders). Twenty-six of these isolates (36.1%) harbored genes encoding for staphylococcal enterotoxins, including 17/59 (28.8%) isolates from cows and 9/13 (69.2%) from breeders. Moreover, 49.1% and 92.3% of isolates from cows and breeders, respectively, showed penicillin resistance. All isolates were considered as methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). Forty-five (76.3%) of the isolates from cows were slime producers and 52 (88.1%) of them had the ability to form biofilm in microtiter plates. Evidence of a possible zoonotic transmission was observed in two farms, since S. aureus isolates recovered in these farms from cows and breeders belonged to the same clonal lineage (CC15-ST15-t084 or CC30-ST34-t2228). CONCLUSIONS Although healthy cows in this study did not harbor methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, the nares of healthy cows could be a reservoir of enterotoxigenic and biofilm producing isolates which could have implications in human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.
| | - Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Saad Dahlab, Blida 1.Blida, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Djaoui
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Donia Mechoub
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Allelen Campaña-Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pascal Bouchez
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Laurence Bouhier
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
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Titouche Y, Akkou M, Campaña-Burguet A, González-Azcona C, Djaoui Y, Mechoub D, Fatihi A, Bouchez P, Bouhier L, Houali K, Nia Y, Torres C, Hennekinne JA. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nasal Samples of Healthy Dairy Goats in Algeria. Pathogens 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38787260 PMCID: PMC11124369 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates from the nasal swabs of goats. A total of 232 nasal samples (one per animal) were collected from goats on 13 farms located in two regions of Algeria and were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. The detection of virulence factors was carried out using PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility of the recovered isolates was assessed using the disc diffusion method. The biofilm formation ability was assessed by the Congo red agar method and a microtiter plate assay, and the molecular characterization of isolates was carried out by spa-typing, and for selected isolates also by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Overall, 36 out of 232 nasal swabs (15.5%) contained S. aureus, and 62 isolates were recovered. Regarding the virulence factors, at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin gene was detected in 30 (48.4%) isolates. The gene tst encoding the toxic shock syndrome toxin was detected in fifteen isolates (24.2%), but none of the isolates harbored the gene of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (lukF/S-PV). Nine different spa-types were identified, including the detection of a new one (t21230). The recovered isolates were assigned to three clonal complexes, with CC5 (51.8%) being the most common lineage. Two isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and belonged to ST5 (CC5) and to spa-types t450 and t688. Moreover, 27 (43.5%) of the S. aureus isolates were found to be slime producers in Congo red agar, and all of the recovered isolates could produce biofilms in the microtiter plate assay. Our study showed that the nares of healthy goats could be a reservoir of toxigenic and antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus isolates, including MRSA, which could have implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (Y.D.); (D.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Madjid Akkou
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Allelen Campaña-Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.G.-A.); (C.T.)
| | - Carmen González-Azcona
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.G.-A.); (C.T.)
| | - Yasmina Djaoui
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (Y.D.); (D.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Donia Mechoub
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (Y.D.); (D.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- University Paris Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Pascal Bouchez
- University Paris Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Laurence Bouhier
- University Paris Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (Y.D.); (D.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Yacine Nia
- University Paris Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (C.G.-A.); (C.T.)
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- University Paris Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.F.); (P.B.); (L.B.); (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
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Vougat Ngom R, Jajere SM, Ayissi GJ, Tanyienow A, Moffo F, Watsop HM, Mimboe LM, Mouiche MM, Schüpbach-Regula G, Carmo LP. Unveiling the landscape of resistance against high priority critically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals across Africa: A scoping review. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106173. [PMID: 38503073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The rapid population growth in Africa is associated with an increasing demand for livestock products which in turn can lead to antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial usage in animals contributes to the emergence and selection of resistant bacteria which constitutes a serious public health threat. This study aims to review and summarize the available information on highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs) resistance in livestock production in Africa. This work will help to inform future policies for controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food production chain. A scoping review was conducted according to the Cochrane handbook and following PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting. Primary research studies published after 1999 and reporting resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, and Campylobacter spp to HPCIAs in poultry, cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep in Africa were searched in four databases. A total of 312 articles were included in the review. The majority of the studies (40.7) were conducted in North African countries. More than 49.0% of included studies involved poultry and 26.2% cattle. Cephalosporins and quinolones were the most studied antimicrobial classes. Of the bacteria investigated in the current review, E. coli (41.7%) and Salmonella spp (24.9%) represented the most commonly studied. High levels of resistance against erythromycin in E. coli were found in poultry (MR 96.1%, IQR 83.3-100.0%), cattle (MR 85.7%, IQR 69.2-100.0%), and pigs (MR 94.0%, IQR 86.2-94.0%). In sheep, a high level of resistance was observed in E. coli against nalidixic acid (MR 87.5%, IQR 81.3-93.8%). In goats, the low level of sensibility was noted in S. aureus against streptomycin (MR 86.8%, IQR 19.4-99.0%). The study provides valuable information on HPCIAs resistance in livestock production in Africa and highlights the need for further research and policies to address the public health risk of AMR. This will likely require an investment in diagnostic infrastructure across the continent. Awareness on the harmful impact of AMR in African countries is a requirement to produce more effective and sustainable measures to curb AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Vougat Ngom
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Saleh M Jajere
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Gaspard Ja Ayissi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Akenghe Tanyienow
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Moffo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Hippolyte M Watsop
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Leina M Mimboe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Mohamed Mm Mouiche
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | | | - Luís Pedro Carmo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, Ås 1433, Norway
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Rao RT, Madhavan V, Kumar P, Muniraj G, Sivakumar N, Kannan J. Epidemiology and zoonotic potential of Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolated at Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37923998 PMCID: PMC10625228 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is part of normal flora and also an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections in both humans and animals. Livestock-associated S. aureus (LA-SA) has gained importance in recent years due to its increased prevalence in recent years, becoming a worry in public health view. This study aimed to study the epidemiology of LA-SA strains in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS A total of 255 samples were collected from bovine and other small ruminants like goats and sheep nares (n = 129 and n = 126 respectively). Nasal swab samples were collected from study animals with sterile sample collecting cotton swabs (Hi-Media, Mumbai). Samples were transported to the lab in Cary-Blair Transport media for further analysis. The samples were tested for S. aureus using antibiotic selection and PCR-based assays. The pathogenicity of the bacteria was assessed using chicken embryo models and liver cross-sections were used for histopathology studies. RESULTS The prevalence rate in bovine-associated samples was 42.63% but relatively low in the case of small ruminants associated samples with 28.57% only. The overall prevalence of S. aureus is found to 35.6% and MRSA 10.98% among the study samples. The antibiogram results that LA-SA isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines but resistant to β-lactam drugs. The biofilm formation results showed that the LA-SA isolates are weak to high-capacity biofilm formers. The enterotoxigenic patterns revealed that most of the isolated strains are enterotoxigenic and possess classical enterotoxins. The survival analysis of chicken embryos suggested that the Bovine-associated strains were moderately pathogenic. CONCLUSION The study concluded that economically important livestock animals can act as reservoirs for multi-drug resistant and pathogenic which in-turn is a concern for public health as well as livestock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Relangi Tulasi Rao
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Vinoth Madhavan
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Gnanaraj Muniraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bishop Heber College, Tamil Nadu, Tiruchirapalli, 620017, India
| | - Natesan Sivakumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 625021, India
| | - Jayakumar Kannan
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 625021, India.
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Abdullahi IN, Zarazaga M, Campaña‐Burguet A, Eguizábal P, Lozano C, Torres C. Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius carriage in healthy dogs and cats: a systematic review of their antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic lineages of zoonotic relevance. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3368-3390. [PMID: 36063061 PMCID: PMC9828638 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular ecology of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and their methicillin-resistant strains in healthy dogs and cats could serve as good models to understand the concept of bacterial zoonosis due to animal companionship. This study aims to provide insights into pooled prevalence, genetic lineages, virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among healthy dogs and cats. Original research and brief communication articles published from 2001 to 2021 that reported the nasal detection of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in healthy dogs and cats in the community, homes and outside veterinary clinics were examined and analysed. Forty-nine studies were eligible and included in this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus/methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthy dogs and cats were 10.9% (95% CI: 10.1-11.9)/2.8% (95% CI: 2.4-3.2) and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9-4.8)/0.5% (95% CI: 0.0-1.1), respectively. Conversely, the pooled prevalence of S. pseudintermedius/methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in healthy dogs and cats were 18.3% (95% CI: 17.1-19.7)/3.1% (95% CI: 2.5-3.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6-2.4)/1.2% (95% CI: 0.6-2.3), respectively. Although highly diverse genetic lineages of S. aureus were detected in healthy dogs and cats, MSSA-CC1/CC5/CC22/CC45/CC121/CC398 and MRSA-CC5/CC93/CC22/CC30 were mostly reported in dogs; and MSSA-CC5/CC8/CC15/CC48 and MRSA-CC22/CC30/CC80 in cats. Of note, MSSA-CC398 isolates (spa-types t034 and t5883) were detected in dogs. Genetic lineages often associated with MSSP/MRSP were ST20/ST71, highlighting the frequent detection of the epidemic European MRSP-ST71 clone in dogs. S. aureus isolates carrying the luk-S/F-PV, tst, eta, etb and etd genes were seldomly detected in dogs, and luk-S/F-PV was the unique virulence factor reported in isolates of cats. S. pseudintermedius isolates harbouring the luk-S/F-I, seint and expA genes were frequently found, especially in dogs. High and diverse rates of AMR were noted, especially among MRSA/MRSP isolates. There is a need for additional studies on the molecular characterization of isolates from countries with under-studied nasal staphylococci isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Allelén Campaña‐Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Paula Eguizábal
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
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Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) in Layer Chickens in Kebbi, Nigeria. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial use in animal production for growth enhancement or prophylaxis contributes to the development of AMR. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in poultry and farm attendants in Kebbi, North-Western Nigeria. A total of 207 cloacal and nasal swabs were randomly collected from four farms comprising 50 samples from each poultry farm and only 7 samples from farm attendants. The samples were analysed using routine bacteriological culture and identification techniques. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by PCR assay and AMR profiles of the isolates were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Of the 207 samples examined, 37.5 % (75/200) of layer birds tested positive for MRSA and 71.4 % (5/7) of farm attendants were MRSA positive. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, with an AMR index ˃ 0.3. The findings of this study indicated colonization of layer chickens and humans by multidrug resistant MRSA, thus highlighting the potential role of poultry sources of transmission of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains to humans and vice versa.
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Silva V, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Verbisck N, Tejedor-Junco MT, González-Martin M, Corbera JA, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Nostrils and Buccal Mucosa of Healthy Camels Used for Recreational Purposes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101255. [PMID: 35625101 PMCID: PMC9138023 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several different species of animals host staphylococci as normal microbiota. These animals can be a source of staphylococci zoonotic infections. People with routine or occupational exposure to infected/colonized animals are at risk of a potential transmission. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the presence of S. aureus and other staphylococci in camels used for recreational purposes as well as their antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genetic lineages. A total of 172 samples were collected from 86 healthy camels (nose and mouth) from different farms located in the Canary Islands, Spain. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of virulence genes was studied by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing, spa typing and agr typing were performed in all S. aureus isolates. From the 86 camels tested, 42 staphylococci were isolated, of which there were 11 S. aureus, 13 S. lentus, 12 S. sciuri, 3 S. xylosus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis and S. chromogenes. Staphylococci isolates were resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and fusidic acid. All S. aureus isolates harbored the hla, hlb and hld virulence genes. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to three sequence types (STs) and three spa types. All S. aureus isolates belonged to agr type III. Camels from Gran Canaria used in recreational purposes have a moderate prevalence of S. aureus and other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Nevertheless, S. aureus isolates are susceptible to almost all antibiotics tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | | | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.T.T.-J.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Margarita González-Martin
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.T.T.-J.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.T.T.-J.); (M.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
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Silva V, Correia S, Rocha J, Manaia CM, Silva A, García-Díez J, Pereira JE, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050941. [PMID: 35630384 PMCID: PMC9144820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus have been progressively identified in farm animals and in humans with direct contact with these animals showing that S. aureus may be a major zoonotic pathogen. Therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from cows, their handlers, and their immediate surroundings, and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of the isolates. Mouth and nose swabs of 244 healthy cows (195 Maronesa, 11 Holstein-Friesians, and 28 crossbreeds), 82 farm workers, 53 water and 63 soil samples were collected. Identification of species was carried out by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was assessed based on gene search by PCR. All isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing and spa-typing. From 442 samples, 33 (13.9%), 24 (29.3%), 1 (2%), and 1 (2%) S. aureus were recovered from cows, farm workers, water, and soil samples, respectively. Most of the isolates showed resistance only to penicillin. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 17 sequence types (STs) and 26 spa-types. Some clonal lineages were common to both cows and farm workers such as ST30-t9413, ST72-t148, and ST45-t350. Through a One Health approach, this study revealed that there is a great diversity of clonal lineages of S. aureus in cows and their handlers. Furthermore, some S. aureus lineages are common to cows and handlers, which may suggest a possible transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Correia
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Jaqueline Rocha
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan García-Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.G.-D.); (J.E.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.G.-D.); (J.E.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.S.-L.); (P.P.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.G.-D.); (J.E.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.S.-L.); (P.P.)
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Ben Chehida F, Gharsa H, Tombari W, Selmi R, Khaldi S, Daaloul M, Ben Slama K, Messadi L. First Report of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Gene Characterization Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Healthy Camels from Tunisia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092754. [PMID: 34573722 PMCID: PMC8468875 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) is an important livestock species and is present in more than 46 national entities, with 80% of the camel population inhabiting Africa. In these regions, the role of camels in the livestock economy is highly valuable and a part of this camel herd is valorized on national or international markets for meat production, live animal export or milk production. Even if camels are the species that is most adapted to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands, they can be susceptible to a high number of pathogens, including S. aureus. This latter is often associated with asymptomatic carriage but can also be responsible for several diseases, therefore causing considerable economical losses. Continued monitoring and control assume particular importance in containing the spread of the bacterium since it constitutes an important zoonotic disease. Abstract A total of 318 nasal and rectal swabs were collected from 159 apparently healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius) randomly selected from five regions in southern and central Tunisia and screened for Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Staphylococcus spp. were recovered from 152 of 159 camels studied (95.6%) and in total 258 swabs (81%) were positive. Among these isolates, 16 were coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) (6.2%) and were characterized by biochemical and molecular tests as S. aureus. These were isolated from 14 camels (8.8%) with co-carriage in nasal and rectal mucosa by two camels. All S. aureus isolates recovered were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and were characterized by spa typing and PFGE. Three different spa types were recovered: t729, t4013 and a spa type newly registered as t19687, which was the most common. PFGE analysis revealed seven different patterns and these were characterized by MLST, which revealed five different sequence types (ST6, ST88, ST3583 and two new sequences, ST6504 and ST6506). All isolates harbored different virulence genes, including hld, encoding delta hemolysin; lukE–lukD, encoding bicomponent leukotoxin LukE–LukD; the clfB gene, encoding clumping factor B; the laminin gene, encoding laminin-binding protein; and cap8, encoding capsule type 8. Fifteen isolates harbored hemolysin beta (hlb) and fourteen encoded hemolysin alpha (hla) and hemolysin G2 (hlgv). Adhesin factors, including clfA and fnbB, were detected in five and four isolates respectively. Binding proteins, including collagen (cbp) and elastin-binding protein (ebp), were detected in two S. aureus isolates while fibrinogen-binding protein (fib) was identified in four isolates. This study provides the first set of genotyping data on the population structure and presence of toxin genes of S. aureus strains in Tunisian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Ben Chehida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-71-552-200
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.G.); (K.B.S.)
| | - Wafa Tombari
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Rachid Selmi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
- Veterinary Service, General Directorate of Military Health, Ministry of National Defense, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Sana Khaldi
- Department of Sciences and Pathology of Animal Reproduction, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Monia Daaloul
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (H.G.); (K.B.S.)
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology and General Pathology, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia; (W.T.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (L.M.)
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10
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Shittu AO, Taiwo FF, Froböse NJ, Schwartbeck B, Niemann S, Mellmann A, Schaumburg F. Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat in Nigeria. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:122. [PMID: 34412702 PMCID: PMC8375196 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus can colonize various host species, and human-animal interaction is a significant factor for cross-species transmission. However, data on S. aureus colonization in animals, particularly on ruminants in close contact with humans, is limited. The West African Dwarf (WAD) goat is among the earliest domesticated ruminant associated with rural dwellers and small-holder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to investigate the population structure, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene determinants of S. aureus from the WAD goat in Nigeria. Methods Nasal samples were obtained from the WAD goat in five markets in Osun State, South-West Nigeria. S. aureus was characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of virulence determinants, spa typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Representative isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing, biofilm, and cytotoxicity assay. Results Of the 726 nasal samples obtained from the WAD goat, 90 S. aureus (12.4%) were recovered. Overall, 86 isolates were methicillin-susceptible, and four were mecA-positive (i.e., methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]). A diverse S. aureus clonal population was observed (20 sequence types [STs] and 37 spa types), while 35% (13/37) and 40% (8/20) were new spa types and STs, respectively. Eleven MLST clonal complexes (CC) were identified (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC30, CC45, CC97, CC121, CC133, CC152, CC522). The MRSA isolates were designated as t127-ST852-CC1-SCCmec type VII, t4690-ST152-CC152-SCCmec type Vc, and t8821-ST152-CC152-SCCmec type Vc. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 60% (54/90) of all isolates were associated with ruminant lineages (i.e., CC133, CC522). Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-positive S. aureus was identified in CC1, CC30, CC121, and CC152. For the CC522 isolates, we illustrate their pathogenic potential by the detection of the toxic shock syndrome gene and hemolysins, as well as their strong cytotoxicity and ability to form biofilms. Conclusions This is the first detailed investigation on the genomic content of S. aureus from the WAD goat in Nigeria. The S. aureus population of the WAD goat consists mainly of ruminant-associated lineages (e.g., CC133, CC522), interspersed with human-associated clones, including PVL-positive MRSA CC1 and CC152. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-021-00987-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo Osagie Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Neele Judith Froböse
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bianca Schwartbeck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Niemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Straße 41, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Gómez P, Ruiz-Ripa L, Fernández-Fernández R, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Höfle U, Zarazaga M, Holmes MA, Torres C. Genomic Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus of the Lineage CC130, Including mecC-Carrying MRSA and MSSA Isolates Recovered of Animal, Human, and Environmental Origins. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655994. [PMID: 33841383 PMCID: PMC8027229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates harboring mecC gene belong to clonal complex CC130. This lineage has traditionally been regarded as animal-associated as it lacks the human specific immune evasion cluster (IEC), and has been recovered from a broad range of animal hosts. Nevertheless, sporadic mecC-MRSA human infections have been reported, with evidence of zoonotic transmission in some cases. The objective of this study was to investigate the whole-genome sequences of 18 S. aureus CC130 isolates [13 methicillin-resistant (mecC-MRSA) and five methicillin-susceptible (MSSA)] from different sequences types, obtained from a variety of host species and origins (human, livestock, wild birds and mammals, and water), and from different geographic locations, in order to identify characteristic markers and genomic features. Antibiotic resistance genes found among MRSA-CC130 were those associated with the SSCmecXI element. Most MRSA-CC130 strains carried a similar virulence gene profile. Additionally, six MRSA-CC130 possessed scn-sak and one MSSA-ST130 had lukMF'. The MSSA-ST700 strains were most divergent in their resistance and virulence genes. The pan-genome analysis showed that 29 genes were present solely in MRSA-CC130 (associated with SCCmecXI) and 21 among MSSA-CC130 isolates (associated with phages). The SCCmecXI, PBP3, GdpP, and AcrB were identical at the amino acid level in all strains, but some differences were found in PBP1, PBP2, PBP4, and YjbH proteins. An examination of the host markers showed that the 3' region of the bacteriophage φ3 was nearly identical to the reference sequence. Truncated hlb gene was also found in scn-negative strains (two of them carrying sak-type gene). The dtlB gene of wild rabbit isolates included novel mutations. The vwbp gene was found in the three MSSA-ST700 strains from small ruminants and in one MSSA-ST130 from a red deer; these strains also carried a scn-type gene, different from the human and equine variants. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the three MSSA-ST700 strains and the two MSSA-ST130 strains cluster separately from the remaining MRSA-CC130 strains with the etD2 gene as marker for the main lineage. The presence of the human IEC cluster in some mecC-MRSA-CC130 strains suggests that these isolates may have had a human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gómez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ursula Höfle
- Health and Biotechnology SaBio Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Peterson B, Barnes AN. Feline-Human Zoonosis Transmission in North Africa: A Systematic Review. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:731-744. [PMID: 32706618 PMCID: PMC7526296 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout human history, domestic animal species have represented a unique zoonotic disease risk for the transmission of pathogens ranging from viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal. In North Africa, cats have a particularly long record and occupy a specialized niche within many communities. This systematic review was conducted to analyze the current and historical literature documenting the breadth and variety of zoonoses in North Africa, specifically relating to the domesticated feline. Multiple electronic databases were searched on January 16, 2019, for published reports on feline zoonoses in North Africa. A total of 76 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full assessment. Articles selected for the review ranged in publication dates from 1939 to 2019 and included a case study, cross-sectional surveys, genomic analyses, and a book chapter. The most commonly studied pathogen was Toxoplasma gondii (n = 17) followed by a variety of helminths (n = 10). Of the countries in the target region, most publications were of studies conducted in Egypt (n = 53) followed by Tunisia (n = 12), Algeria (n = 11), Morocco (n = 5), and Libya (n = 3). The results of this review identify a variety of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic diseases associated with cats in North Africa, ranging from historically endemic diseases in both human and animal populations in the region, to emerging infections with recent confirmatory diagnoses. This review describes reported feline zoonoses in North Africa and provides recommendations for their prevention and control. In addition to vaccination campaigns for domesticated felines and postexposure prophylaxis for humans, prompt veterinary and medical care of exposure risks and subsequent infections are essential in limiting the zoonotic disease burden in North African communities of humans and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breck Peterson
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Amber N. Barnes
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Salgueiro V, Manageiro V, Bandarra NM, Ferreira E, Clemente L, Caniça M. Genetic Relatedness and Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from Different Reservoirs: Humans and Animals of Livestock, Poultry, Zoo, and Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091345. [PMID: 32899267 PMCID: PMC7564200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was the characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in 82 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans and animals. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on all S. aureus isolates accordingly, and antibiotic-resistant genes were investigated by genotypic methods. The genetic diversity of S. aureus was studied through spa, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and agr typing methods. The majority of S. aureus from human sources were resistant to cefoxitin (and harbor the mecA gene) and fluoroquinolones, whereas only four strains of S. aureus from animal sources revealed resistance to ciprofloxacin. In the set of S. aureus isolated from humans, the most frequent spa, MLST, and agr group were t032, ST22, and I, respectively. In strains from animal origin the most common spa, MLST, and agr group found were t2383, ST398, and III/not typable, respectively. S. aureus from humans and animals were identified either in clonal complexes CC5, CC30, and CC398, suggesting that they have the same putative founder in their evolution. Considering the three CCs encompassing strains from human and animal reservoirs with different spa-types, we can hypothesize that this might reflect an adaptation to different phylogenetic lineages in those reservoirs (host species) probably associated to genetic diversification of pre-existing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Salgueiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospeção, Departamento do Mar e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Clemente
- INIAV–Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (V.S.); (V.M.); (E.F.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-519-246
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Mourabit N, Arakrak A, Bakkali M, Zian Z, Bakkach J, Laglaoui A. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in north of Morocco. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:602. [PMID: 32799799 PMCID: PMC7429463 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. METHODS From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates. RESULTS The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR = 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070-25.912; p < 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9 and 16.7%, respectively). CONCLUSION Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Mourabit
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health of Tangier, Tetouan, Morocco
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abdelhay Arakrak
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Zeineb Zian
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Joaira Bakkach
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amin Laglaoui
- Biotechnology and Biomolecule Engineering Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Badua AT, Boonyayatra S, Awaiwanont N, Gaban PBV, Mingala CN. Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of mecA-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from milk and nasal carriage of dairy water buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:397-406. [PMID: 33005664 PMCID: PMC7521815 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mastitis is considered as an economically important disease of dairy buffaloes in Asia. This study examined the mastitis milk and nasal swab samples for the detection and genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in water buffaloes. Materials and Methods Staphylococcus aureus was identified based on biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection of nuc gene, whereas MRSA on mecA gene. The disc diffusion test was used to determine the antibiotic resistance and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), spa, and multilocus sequence typing for the genotyping of isolates. Results Staphylococcus aureus was detected on 39/93 milk (41.94%) and 27/384 nasal swab (7.03%) samples. However, only nine isolates (23.08%) harbored the mecA gene from milk samples and three isolates (11.11%) from the nasal carriage. All MRSA isolates exhibited resistance to cefoxitin and penicillin, whereas 50% were found resistant to clindamycin. All these isolates were found susceptible to sulfa-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol, whereas the majority of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and rifampicin. The SCCmec types of the MRSA isolates were type IVc (50.00%), type II (8.33%), type I (8.33%), and non-typeable (33.33%). The spa types and sequence type (ST) identified were t019 (ST30), t701 (ST1649), t311 (ST5), t657 (ST1148), t015 (ST508), t1939 (ST12), t800 (ST9), t091 (ST2454), t138 (ST5991), and t1642 (ST5992). Conclusion Milk and nasal swab samples from dairy water buffaloes were found positive for MRSA. The MRSA isolates were still susceptible to most antibiotics tested. Moreover, the genotypes of some MRSA isolates were found similar to some human MRSA strains, suggesting a possible human to animal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona T Badua
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | | | | | - Paula Blanca V Gaban
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Claro N Mingala
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
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Biofilm Production Ability, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus from Various Veterinary Hospitals. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040264. [PMID: 32260416 PMCID: PMC7238219 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most clinically important zoonotic pathogens, but an understanding of the prevalence, biofilm formulation ability, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes of S. aureus from veterinary hospitals is lacking. By characterizing S. aureus in different origins of veterinary hospitals in Guangzhou, China, in 2019, we identified with the presence of S. aureus in pets (17.1%), veterinarians (31.7%), airborne dust (19.1%), environmental surfaces (4.3%), and medical device surfaces (10.8%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing analyses demonstrated methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) ST398-t571, MSSA ST188-t189, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ST59-t437 were the most prevalent lineage. S. aureus with similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types distributed widely in different kinds of samples. The crystal violet straining assays revealed 100% (3/3) of MRSA ST59 and 81.8% (9/11) of MSSA ST188 showed strong biofilm formulation ability, whereas other STs (ST1, ST5, ST7, ST15, ST88, ST398, ST3154 and ST5353) showed weak biofilm production ability. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the most prevalent leucocidin, staphylococcal enterotoxins, ica operon, and adhesion genes were lukD-lukE (49.0%), sec-sel (15.7%), icaA-icaB-icaC-icaR (100.0%), and fnbB-cidA-fib-ebps-eno (100.0%), respectively. Our study showed that the isolates with strong biofilm production ability had a higher prevalence in clfA, clfB, fnbA and sdrC genes compared to the isolates with weak biofilm production ability. Furthermore, 2 ST1-MRSA isolates with tst gene and 1 ST88-MSSA isolate with lukS/F-PV gene were detected. In conclusion, the clonal dissemination of S. aureus of different origins in veterinary hospitals may have occurred; the biofilm production capacity of S. aureus is strongly correlated with ST types; some adhesion genes such as clfA, clfB, fnbA, and sdrC may pose an influence on biofilm production ability and the emergence of lukS/F-PV and tst genes in S. aureus from veterinary hospitals should raise our vigilance.
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Abdel-Moein KA, Zaher HM. Occurrence of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthy farm animals: a public health concern. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019; 7:55-60. [PMID: 31819891 PMCID: PMC6882481 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2019.1689630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging pathogen causing serious public health threats. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant MRSA among apparently healthy farm animals to shed the light on the potential role of these animals as a reservoir for such pathogen. For this purpose, 195 nasal swabs from apparently healthy farm animals (52 sheep, 51 goats, 47 cattle and 45 buffalo) were screened for multidrug-resistant MRSA. MRSA was isolated using a selective chromogenic medium and identified by colonial characters, Gram’s stain films, conventional biochemical tests, coagulase test, resistance to cefoxitin and amplification of nuc and mecA genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing profile was performed by disk diffusion method to identify multidrug-resistant MRSA. Of 195 samples, 7 yielded MRSA with an overall prevalence 3.6%, whereas the prevalence rates were 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.3% and 2.2% for sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo, respectively. All MRSA isolates were multidrug-resistant strains. The phylogenetic analysis of 2 mecA gene sequences from the obtained isolates revealed that both sequences were clustered in the same clade with those derived from human clinical cases from different countries to highlight the public health burden of such strains. The distribution of multidrug-resistant MRSA among all examined farm animal species being apparently healthy points out that farm animals could represent a potential reservoir for multidrug-resistant MRSA with public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Zaher
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy ruminants: differences in the distribution of clonal types between cattle and small ruminants. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:115-125. [PMID: 31501949 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal flora of animals, and represents one of the leading causes of contagious mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. Sixty-seven epidemiologically unrelated S. aureus isolates from nasal and mastitis milk samples of dairy-producing animals (32 cows, 25 sheep, and 10 goats) were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and spa typing followed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on representative isolates and SCCmec-typing on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (64.2%, 43/67), followed by tetracycline (23.9%, 16/67), erythromycin (22.4%, 15/67), and streptomycin (17.9%, 12/67). In general, 18 spa types (including newly identified t16958) and 13 sequence types (STs) belonging to 8 clonal complexes (CCs) were detected. The cow-associated isolates were mainly assigned to CC5 (n = 18, related to t267-ST97, t521-ST352, t527-ST97, t304-ST6, and t084-ST15), followed by CC398 (n = 6, t937-ST291), CC45 (n = 3, t230-ST45), CC88 (n = 2, t2526-ST88), CC22 (n = 2, t3680-ST22), and CC522 (n = 1, t3576-ST522). Small ruminant isolates were mostly clustered into CC522 (n = 29, related to t3576, t1534, t16958, t7308, t7311, t7305 [ST522], t1534-ST2057, and t5428-ST2079). Two isolates from cows with mastitis were found to be MRSA, exhibited a composite profile of t937-ST291-SCCmecIV. No isolates carried the PVL and mecC genes. A significant difference in clonal types of S. aureus isolates from cows in comparison with those from small ruminants was found. This study demonstrated the circulation of diverse clones of S. aureus among dairy animals in Iran, with a different clonal composition between cows and small ruminants. The current study also reports MRSA-related mastitis in dairy cows, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surveillance.
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19
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Mairi A, Touati A, Pantel A, Zenati K, Martinez AY, Dunyach-Remy C, Sotto A, Lavigne JP. Distribution of Toxinogenic Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from Different Ecological Niches in Algeria. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090500. [PMID: 31466284 PMCID: PMC6784135 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a health problem in Algeria. The objectives of the study were to investigate the global distribution of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA isolates in different ecological niches in this country. In total, 2246 samples were collected from humans, livestock, wild animals, pets, food products and the aquatic environment, from 12 Algerian provinces. A total of 312 S. aureus were detected from 2446 samples (12.7%) in the screened niches. We observed the emergence of toxinogenic S. aureus representing 41% of the isolates. Among them, we noted the diffusion of ST80-IV CA-MRSA PVL + strains isolated in human, animals, and food and genetic diversity of MSSA PVL + isolates. This study suggests an alarming dissemination of MRSA-ST80 PVL + in both human and extra-human sources in Algeria. Moreover, MSSA may become a permanent reservoir of the PVL genes necessary for human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mairi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 30900 Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Alix Pantel
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Nîmes, University of Montpellier, 30900 Montpellier, France
| | - Karima Zenati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Alex Yahiaoui Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Nîmes, University of Montpellier, 30900 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Nîmes, University of Montpellier, 30900 Montpellier, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Nîmes, University of Montpellier, 30900 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Nîmes, University of Montpellier, 30900 Montpellier, France.
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20
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Ruiz-Ripa L, Alcalá L, Simón C, Gómez P, Mama OM, Rezusta A, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus clones in wild mammals in Aragon, Spain, with detection of MRSA ST130-mecC in wild rabbits. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:284-291. [PMID: 31063623 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate in wild mammals in Aragon, northern Spain, to analyse their antimicrobial resistance phenotype/genotype and to characterize the recovered isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Nasal and rectal swabs of 103 mammals were collected in Aragón during the period 2012-2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors were investigated. Molecular characterization was carried out by spa, MLST, agr and SCCmec. Staphylococcus aureus were recovered from 23 animals (22%). Four of the 23 S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Three MRSA were mecC-positive and were isolated from European rabbits and were typed as t843 (ascribed to CC130). The remaining MRSA was a mecA-carrying isolate from European hedgehog, typed as ST1-t386-SCCmecIVa-agrIII and it harboured the blaZ, erm(C), ant(6)-Ia and aph(3´)-IIIa resistance genes. A high diversity of spa-types was detected among the 19 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, which showed high susceptibility to the antimicrobials tested. The tst gene and different combinations of staphylococcal enterotoxins were found. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus were detected in nasal and rectal samples of wild mammals. Wild rabbits could be a reservoir of mecC-MRSA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides information on the presence and characteristics of S. aureus from mammals in a defined geographic region in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - L Alcalá
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Simón
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - O M Mama
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - A Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Zarazaga
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - C Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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21
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Papadopoulos P, Angelidis AS, Papadopoulos T, Kotzamanidis C, Zdragas A, Papa A, Filioussis G, Sergelidis D. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in bulk tank milk, livestock and dairy-farm personnel in north-central and north-eastern Greece: Prevalence, characterization and genetic relatedness. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103249. [PMID: 31421759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased tendency towards raw-milk consumption, which may pose a consumer risk, due to the possible presence of human pathogenic microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and even methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was investigated in 40 dairy (cattle, sheep and goat) farms in northern Greece. S. aureus and MRSA were detected in 47.8% and 4.1% of the 387 samples (raw milk, farmers and animal samples) tested, respectively. Most (81.3%) of the MRSA isolates harbored the mecA gene, whereas the mecC or Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) genes were not detected. Seven spa types were identified, with t127 being the most prevalent. Spa type t034 (CC398) was isolated for the first time from livestock in Greece. Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes were detected in 93.8% of the MRSA isolates. The MRSA isolates were genetically diverse and were all capable of biofilm production. Our results confirm the lurking threat of MRSA in raw milk and dairy farms and suggest the need for surveillance programs starting at the farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos S Angelidis
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Milk and Dairy Products, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Greek Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, 57006, Thermi, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kotzamanidis
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Greek Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, 57006, Thermi, Greece
| | - Antonios Zdragas
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Greek Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, 57006, Thermi, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Filioussis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniel Sergelidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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High diversity of genetic lineages and virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products in Tunisia. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Elmoslemany A, Kandeel M, Zidan K. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among goat farms in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and risk factors. Prev Vet Med 2018; 156:84-90. [PMID: 29891150 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted on 1010 goats from 25 flocks located in the eastern province, Saudi Arabia, to study the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among goat farms. A total of 235 milk samples and 775 nasal swabs were collected for bacteriological investigation. Based on resistance to cefoxitin, 20 isolates were permissively identified as MRSA. PCR with specific primers was used to confirm MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA was 2%; with maximum prevalence in mastitic milk (9.2%) and swabs from animals showed respiratory signs (2.6%), while the lowest prevalence was identified in apparently normal milk (0.6). The standard disk diffusion test was used for in vitro evaluation of isolates resistance profile to 13 antimicrobial agents. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in all MRSA and in 23.5% of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Univariable association between the prevalence of MDR/MRSA strains and management practices indicated a higher prevalence with larger size flocks, where raising animals for both meat and milk production, and where antibiotics were used during the last 30 days, the latter was particularly pertinent to penicillin-streptomycin. Multivariable models indicated that larger flocks (200-400, and >400) were, respectively, 4 and 3.5 fold more likely to have MDR S. aureus compared to smaller flocks (<200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Al-Ahsa Central Lab, Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmoslemany
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh, Egypt
| | - Kamal Zidan
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu Q, Gao Q, Lu H, Meng H, Xie Y, Huang Q, Ma X, Wang H, Qin J, Li Q, Li T, Xia Q, Li M. Phylogenetic analysis and virulence determinant of the host-adapted Staphylococcus aureus lineage ST188 in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:45. [PMID: 29593254 PMCID: PMC5874244 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen of humans and livestock species, but an understanding of the clonal distribution of S. aureus causing different host-species infections in the same geographical environment and within the same period is lacking. By characterizing infections caused by S. aureus in bovine, pediatric, and adult patients in Shanghai, China, between 2012 and 2014, we identified methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) ST188 as the major lineage causing infections in multiple host species. Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that ST188 might evolve from livestock, and there was no significant genomic or virulence difference between ST188 isolated from livestock and humans. The virulence of ST188 is related to its adhesion and nasal colonization ability. This result is in accord with the strong epithelial cell adhesion and biofilm formation properties of ST188. Furthermore, the adhesion- and biofilm-formation-related genes are present in multiple copies and exhibit significantly increased expression in ST188. In conclusion, S. aureus ST188 is the major lineage causing human and livestock infections in Shanghai, China. Due to its high expression of the factors associated with bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, ST188 has the ability to colonize and infect different host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hongwei Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yihui Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Juanxiu Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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25
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de Jong NWM, Vrieling M, Garcia BL, Koop G, Brettmann M, Aerts PC, Ruyken M, van Strijp JAG, Holmes M, Harrison EM, Geisbrecht BV, Rooijakkers SHM. Identification of a staphylococcal complement inhibitor with broad host specificity in equid Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4468-4477. [PMID: 29414776 PMCID: PMC5868266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen capable of causing a broad range of diseases in many different hosts. S. aureus can adapt to its host through modification of its genome (e.g. by acquisition and exchange of mobile genetic elements that encode host-specific virulence factors). Recently, the prophage φSaeq1 was discovered in S. aureus strains from six different clonal lineages almost exclusively isolated from equids. Within this phage, we discovered a novel variant of staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN), a secreted protein that interferes with activation of the human complement system, an important line of host defense. We here show that this equine variant of SCIN, eqSCIN, is a potent blocker of equine complement system activation and subsequent phagocytosis of bacteria by phagocytes. Mechanistic studies indicate that eqSCIN blocks equine complement activation by specific inhibition of the C3 convertase enzyme (C3bBb). Whereas SCIN-A from human S. aureus isolates exclusively inhibits human complement, eqSCIN represents the first animal-adapted SCIN variant that functions in a broader range of hosts (horses, humans, and pigs). Binding analyses suggest that the human-specific activity of SCIN-A is related to amino acid differences on both sides of the SCIN-C3b interface. These data suggest that modification of this phage-encoded complement inhibitor plays a role in the host adaptation of S. aureus and are important to understand how this pathogen transfers between different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke W M de Jong
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.,the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon L Garcia
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Gerrit Koop
- the Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matt Brettmann
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Piet C Aerts
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Ruyken
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Holmes
- the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ewan M Harrison
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Brian V Geisbrecht
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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26
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Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) along the production chain of dairy products in north-western Greece. Food Microbiol 2018; 69:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Rao RT, Jayakumar K, Kumar P. Bovine origin Staphylococcus aureus: A new zoonotic agent? Vet World 2017; 10:1275-1280. [PMID: 29184376 PMCID: PMC5682275 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1275-1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to assess the nature of animal origin Staphylococcus aureus strains. The study has zoonotic importance and aimed to compare virulence between two different hosts, i.e., bovine and ovine origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conventional polymerase chain reaction-based methods used for the characterization of S. aureus strains and chick embryo model employed for the assessment of virulence capacity of strains. All statistical tests carried on R program, version 3.0.4. RESULTS After initial screening and molecular characterization of the prevalence of S. aureus found to be 42.62% in bovine origin samples and 28.35% among ovine origin samples. Meanwhile, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus prevalence is found to be meager in both the hosts. Among the samples, only 6.8% isolates tested positive for methicillin resistance. The biofilm formation quantified and the variation compared among the host. A Welch two-sample t-test found to be statistically significant, t=2.3179, df=28.103, and p=0.02795. Chicken embryo model found effective to test the pathogenicity of the strains. CONCLUSION The study helped to conclude healthy bovines can act as S. aureus reservoirs. Bovine origin S. aureus strains are more virulent than ovine origin strains. Bovine origin strains have high probability to become zoonotic pathogen. Further, gene knock out studies may be conducted to conclude zoonocity of the bovine origin strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Relangi Tulasi Rao
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Jayakumar
- Department of Animal Behaviour & Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavitra Kumar
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai – 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Mrochen DM, Schulz D, Fischer S, Jeske K, El Gohary H, Reil D, Imholt C, Trübe P, Suchomel J, Tricaud E, Jacob J, Heroldová M, Bröker BM, Strommenger B, Walther B, Ulrich RG, Holtfreter S. Wild rodents and shrews are natural hosts of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:590-597. [PMID: 28967544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory mice are the most commonly used animal model for Staphylococcus aureus infection studies. We have previously shown that laboratory mice from global vendors are frequently colonized with S. aureus. Laboratory mice originate from wild house mice. Hence, we investigated whether wild rodents, including house mice, as well as shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus and whether S. aureus adapts to the wild animal host. 295 animals of ten different species were caught in different locations over four years (2012-2015) in Germany, France and the Czech Republic. 45 animals were positive for S. aureus (15.3%). Three animals were co-colonized with two different isolates, resulting in 48 S. aureus isolates in total. Positive animals were found in Germany and the Czech Republic in each studied year. The S. aureus isolates belonged to ten different spa types, which grouped into six lineages (clonal complex (CC) 49, CC88, CC130, CC1956, sequence type (ST) 890, ST3033). CC49 isolates were most abundant (17/48, 35.4%), followed by CC1956 (14/48, 29.2%) and ST890 (9/48, 18.8%). The wild animal isolates lacked certain properties that are common among human isolates, e.g., a phage-encoded immune evasion cluster, superantigen genes on mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes, which suggests long-term adaptation to the wild animal host. One CC130 isolate contained the mecC gene, implying wild rodents might be both reservoir and vector for methicillin-resistant . In conclusion, we demonstrated that wild rodents and shrews are naturally colonized with S. aureus, and that those S. aureus isolates show signs of host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Mrochen
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jeske
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Heba El Gohary
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Reil
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Imholt
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Trübe
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josef Suchomel
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emilie Tricaud
- Institut Claude Bourgelat, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, BIOLYTICS, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Jens Jacob
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Marta Heroldová
- Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institut, Burgstraße 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Birgit Walther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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29
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Ben Said M, Abbassi MS, Gómez P, Ruiz-Ripa L, Sghaier S, Ibrahim C, Torres C, Hassen A. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wastewater treatment plants in Tunisia: occurrence of human and animal associated lineages. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:638-643. [PMID: 28771160 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolated from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Tunis City (Tunisia), during the period 2014-2015. Genetic lineages, antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence factors were determined for the recovered isolates. S. aureus isolates were recovered from 12 of the 62 wastewater samples tested (19.35%), and one isolate/sample was characterized, all of them being methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). Six spa types (t587, t674, t224, t127, t701 and t1534) were found among the 12 isolates, and the spa-t587, associated with the new sequence type ST3245, was the most predominant one (7 isolates). The remaining isolates were assigned to five clonal complexes (CC5, CC97, CC1, CC6 and CC522) according to the sequence-type determined and/or the spa-type detected. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to agrI (n = 3), agrII (n = 7) and agrIII (n = 1); however, one isolate was non-typeable. S. aureus showed resistance to (number of isolates): penicillin (12), erythromycin (7), tetracycline (one) and clindamycin (one). Among the virulence factors investigated, only one isolate harboured the tst gene, encoding the TSST-1 (toxic shock syndrome toxin 1). Despite the low number of studied isolates, the present study reports the occurrence of both human- and animal-associated S. aureus clonal complexes in WWTPs in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Ben Said
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopoles Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de résistance aux antibiotiques LR99ES09, Tunisie
| | - Paula Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain E-mail:
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain E-mail:
| | - Senda Sghaier
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, 20 rue Jebel Lakhdhar, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopoles Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Chourouk Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopoles Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain E-mail:
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Laboratoire de Traitement des Eaux Usées, Centre de Recherche et des Technologies des Eaux (CERTE), Technopoles Borj-Cédria, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
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30
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Islam MZ, Espinosa-Gongora C, Damborg P, Sieber RN, Munk R, Husted L, Moodley A, Skov R, Larsen J, Guardabassi L. Horses in Denmark Are a Reservoir of Diverse Clones of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:543. [PMID: 28421046 PMCID: PMC5376617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Denmark is a country with high prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 in pigs. Even though pig farming is regarded as the main source of human infection or colonization with MRSA CC398, 10-15% of the human cases appear not to be linked to pigs. Following the recent reports of MRSA CC398 in horses in other European countries and the lack of knowledge on S. aureus carriage in this animal species, we carried out a study to investigate whether horses constitute a reservoir of MRSA CC398 in Denmark, and to gain knowledge on the frequency and genetic diversity of S. aureus in horses, including both methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Nasal swabs were collected from 401 horses originating from 74 farms, either at their farms or prior to admission to veterinary clinics. Following culture on selective media, species identification by MALDI-TOF MS and MRSA confirmation by standard PCR-based methods, S. aureus and MRSA were detected in 54 (13%) and 17 (4%) horses originating from 30 (40%) and 7 (9%) farms, respectively. Based on spa typing, MSSA differed genetically from MRSA isolates. The spa type prevalent among MSSA isolates was t127 (CC1), which was detected in 12 horses from 11 farms and represents the most common S. aureus clone isolated from human bacteremia cases in Denmark. Among the 17 MRSA carriers, 10 horses from three farms carried CC398 t011 harboring the immune evasion cluster (IEC), four horses from two farms carried IEC-negative CC398 t034, and three horses from two farms carried a mecC-positive MRSA lineage previously associated with wildlife and domestic ruminants (CC130 t528). Based on whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of the 14 MRSA CC398, t011 isolates belonged to the recently identified horse-adapted clone in Europe and were closely related to human t011 isolates from three Danish equine veterinarians, whereas t034 isolates belonged to pig-adapted clones. Our study confirms that horses carry an equine-specific clone of MRSA CC398 that can be transmitted to veterinary personnel, and reveals that these animals are exposed to MRSA and MSSA clones that are likely to originate from livestock and humans, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zohorul Islam
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Denmark.,Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum InsititutCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Espinosa-Gongora
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Denmark.,Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of DenmarkFrederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Raphael N Sieber
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum InsititutCopenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Arshnee Moodley
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Robert Skov
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum InsititutCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum InsititutCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary MedicineBasseterre, West Indies
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31
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Monecke S, Gavier-Widén D, Hotzel H, Peters M, Guenther S, Lazaris A, Loncaric I, Müller E, Reissig A, Ruppelt-Lorz A, Shore AC, Walter B, Coleman DC, Ehricht R. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in European Wildlife. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168433. [PMID: 27992523 PMCID: PMC5161505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known colonizer and cause of infection among animals and it has been described from numerous domestic and wild animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in a convenience sample of European wildlife and to review what previously has been observed in the subject field. 124 S. aureus isolates were collected from wildlife in Germany, Austria and Sweden; they were characterized by DNA microarray hybridization and, for isolates with novel hybridization patterns, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates were assigned to 29 clonal complexes and singleton sequence types (CC1, CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC9, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC25, CC30, CC49, CC59, CC88, CC97, CC130, CC133, CC398, ST425, CC599, CC692, CC707, ST890, CC1956, ST2425, CC2671, ST2691, CC2767 and ST2963), some of which (ST2425, ST2691, ST2963) were not described previously. Resistance rates in wildlife strains were rather low and mecA-MRSA isolates were rare (n = 6). mecC-MRSA (n = 8) were identified from a fox, a fallow deer, hares and hedgehogs. The common cattle-associated lineages CC479 and CC705 were not detected in wildlife in the present study while, in contrast, a third common cattle lineage, CC97, was found to be common among cervids. No Staphylococcus argenteus or Staphylococcus schweitzeri-like isolates were found. Systematic studies are required to monitor the possible transmission of human- and livestock-associated S. aureus/MRSA to wildlife and vice versa as well as the possible transmission, by unprotected contact to animals. The prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in wildlife as well as its population structures in different wildlife host species warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Standort Arnsberg, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Lazaris
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ruppelt-Lorz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna C. Shore
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Birgit Walter
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David C. Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
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32
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Ben Said M, Abbassi MS, Bianchini V, Sghaier S, Cremonesi P, Romanò A, Gualdi V, Hassen A, Luini MV. Genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk in Tunisia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:473-481. [PMID: 27657910 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major agent of bovine mastitis in dairy herds, causing economic losses in dairy industry worldwide. In addition, milk and milk-products contaminated by Staph. aureus can cause harmful human diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize Staph. aureus strains isolated from dairy farms in Tunisia. Bulk tank milk (n = 32) and individual cow milk (n = 130) samples were collected during the period of 2013-2014. Forty-three Staph. aureus isolates were recovered and typed by spa typing, 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (RS-PCR) and multiplex PCRs for 22 virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance was also investigated with a disc diffusion test. A selected subsample of 22 strains was additionally genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Seventeen spa types were recovered, and t2421 (n = 10), t521 (n = 6) and t2112 (n = 5) were the most common. Fourteen different RS-PCR genotypes grouped into 11 clusters were detected in our study, with predominance of the RVI genotype (n = 24). Eight sequence types were identified and Clonal Complex 97, corresponding to RS-PCR cluster R, was the most common (n = 10), followed by CC1 (n = 4), CC15 (n = 3) and other four accounting for one or two strains. Different combinations of virulence genes were reported, and enterotoxin genes were present in few strains (seh, n = 4; sea, n = 2; sea and seh, n = 2; sec and sel, n = 2). The majority of strains were resistant only to penicillin; only one strain was found to be multiresistant and no methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus was demonstrated. Our study reported the isolation of CC97 from bovine milk in Tunisia for the first time and confirmed the relevance of this lineage in intramammary infection in cows. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This paper describes the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank and individual cow milk in Tunisia. All strains were genotyped by spa typing and RS-PCR, a method based on the amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, and multiplex PCRs for 22 virulence genes. A selected subsample of strains was also genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. All strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Our study evidences a predominance of strains belonging to Clonal Complex 97. Methicillin-resistant strains were not detected, and overall low level of antimicrobial resistance was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ben Said
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisie.,Laboratory Wastewater Treatment, and Research Center of Water Technologies, Techno park Borj Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - M S Abbassi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - V Bianchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
| | - S Sghaier
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisie.,Laboratory Wastewater Treatment, and Research Center of Water Technologies, Techno park Borj Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - A Romanò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
| | - V Gualdi
- Piattaforma Genomica, Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy
| | - A Hassen
- Laboratory Wastewater Treatment, and Research Center of Water Technologies, Techno park Borj Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - M V Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi, Italy
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33
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Baptistão LG, Silva NCC, Bonsaglia ECR, Rossi BF, Castilho IG, Fernandes Junior A, Rall VLM. Presence of Immune Evasion Cluster and Molecular Typing of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food Handlers. J Food Prot 2016; 79:682-6. [PMID: 27052876 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hands and noses of food handlers colonized by Staphylococcus aureus are an important source of food contamination in restaurants and food processing. Several virulence factors can be carried by mobile elements in strains of S. aureus, including the immune evasion cluster (IEC). This gene cluster improves the capacity of S. aureus to evade the human immune response. Many studies have reported the transmission of strains between animals and humans, such as farm workers that have close contact with livestock. However, there are few studies on the transmission between food and food handlers. The aim of this study was to detect the IEC and the mecA gene in strains isolated from food handlers and to type these strains using the spa typing method. Thirty-five strains of S. aureus isolated from the noses and hands of food handlers in three different kitchens were analyzed for the presence of the mecA gene and IEC and by spa typing. All strains were negative for the mecA gene, and the presence of IEC was observed in 10 (28.6%) strains. Fifteen different spa types were observed, with the most frequent being t127 (42.85%) and t002 (11.42%). Strains from the two most prevalent spa types and a novel spa type were typed by multilocus sequence typing. spa types t127, t002, and t13335 were determined to be multilocus sequence types (ST) ST-30, ST-5, and ST-45, respectively. The food handlers may have been contaminated by these strains of S. aureus through food, which is suggested by the low frequency of IEC and by ST that are observed more commonly in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia G Baptistão
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nathalia C C Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;,
| | - Erika C R Bonsaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruna F Rossi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ivana G Castilho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ary Fernandes Junior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vera L M Rall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 18618-689, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
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Lozano C, Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Staphylococcus aureus in Animals and Food: Methicillin Resistance, Prevalence and Population Structure. A Review in the African Continent. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4010012. [PMID: 27681906 PMCID: PMC5029517 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest about Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock, and domestic and wild animals has significantly increased. The spread of different clonal complexes related to livestock animals, mainly CC398, and the recent description of the new mecC gene, make it necessary to know more about the epidemiology and population structure of this microorganism all over the world. Nowadays, there are several descriptions about the presence of S. aureus and/or MRSA in different animal species (dogs, sheep, donkeys, bats, pigs, and monkeys), and in food of animal origin in African countries. In this continent, there is a high diversity of ethnicities, cultures or religions, as well as a high number of wild animal species and close contact between humans and animals, which can have a relevant impact in the epidemiology of this microorganism. This review shows that some clonal lineages associated with humans (CC1, CC15, CC72, CC80, CC101, and CC152) and animals (CC398, CC130 and CC133) are present in this continent in animal isolates, although the mecC gene has not been detected yet. However, available studies are limited to a few countries, very often with incomplete information, and many more studies are necessary to cover a larger number of African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain.
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Rahimi H, Dastmalchi Saei H, Ahmadi M. Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus : Frequency and Antibiotic Resistance in Healthy Ruminants. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e22413. [PMID: 26568802 PMCID: PMC4640094 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen that can colonize the nares of different animals, causing a wide range of infections in various hosts. Objectives: We intended to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in the nasal cavity of healthy ruminants and also to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Materials and Methods: In the present study, healthy cattle (n = 79), sheep (n = 78) and goats (n = 44) were screened for nasal carriage of S. aureus by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were further assessed for the presence of blaZ (encoding penicillin resistance), mecA (encoding methicillin resistance), tetK and tetM (encoding tetracycline resistance), and ermA and ermC (encoding macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance) genes. Results: The proportion of S. aureus-positive nasal swabs from cattle, sheep and goats were four (5.06%), 11 (14.1%) and 11 isolates (25%), respectively. The blaZ gene was detected in 20 out of 26 S. aureus isolates (76.9%), including four cattle (100%), nine sheep (81.8%) and seven goats (63.6%). Two of the four cattle isolates possessing the blaZ gene also had the tetK gene. Of the nine sheep isolates harboring the blaZ gene, one possessed the mecA and tetK genes together. Of the seven goat isolates with blaZ gene, one harbored the tetM gene. None of the S. aureus isolates were positive for the ermA and ermC genes. Conclusions: In contrast to cattle, S. aureus is frequently present in the nose of sheep and goats, which may represent the primary reservoir of S. aureus in small ruminant flocks. This study also showed that nasal isolates of S. aureus from healthy ruminants might be a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IR Iran
| | - Habib Dastmalchi Saei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Habib Dastmalchi Saei, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IR Iran. Tel: +98-442972661, E-mail:
| | - Malahat Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IR Iran
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Sergelidis D, Papadopoulos T, Komodromos D, Sergelidou E, Lazou T, Papagianni M, Zdragas A, Papa A. Isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
from small ruminants and their meat at slaughter and retail level in Greece. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:498-503. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Sergelidis
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - T. Papadopoulos
- National Agricultural Research Foundation - N.AG.RE.F. Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki; N.AG.RE.F Campus; Thermi Greece
| | - D. Komodromos
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Sergelidou
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - T. Lazou
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - M. Papagianni
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - A. Zdragas
- National Agricultural Research Foundation - N.AG.RE.F. Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki; N.AG.RE.F Campus; Thermi Greece
| | - A. Papa
- Department of Microbiology; Medical School; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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