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Numan M, Alouffi A, Almutairi MM, Tanaka T, Ahmed H, Akbar H, Rashid MI, Tsai KH, Ali A. First Detection of Theileria sinensis-like and Anaplasma capra in Ixodes kashmiricus: With Notes on cox1-Based Phylogenetic Position and New Locality Records. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3232. [PMID: 37893956 PMCID: PMC10603726 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ixodes ticks transmit Theileria and Anaplasma species to a wide range of animals. The spreading of ticks and tick-borne pathogens has been attributed to transhumant herds, and research on these uninvestigated issues has been neglected in many countries, including Pakistan. Recently, we used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequences to genetically characterize Ixodes kashmiricus ticks and their associated Rickettsia spp. However, the data on its cox1 sequence and associated Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. are missing. This study aimed to genetically characterize I. kashmiricus based on the cox1 sequence and their associated Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. The I. kashmiricus ticks were collected from small ruminants: sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) of transhumant herds in district Shangla, Dir Upper and Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Out of 129 examined hosts, 94 (72.87%) (56 sheep and 38 goats) were infested by 352 ticks, including adult females (175; 49.7%) followed by nymphs (115; 32.7%) and males (62; 17.6%). For molecular analyses, 121 ticks were subjected to DNA isolation and PCR for the amplification of the cox1 sequence for I. kashmiricus, 18S rDNA for Theileria spp. and 16S rDNA sequences for Anaplasma spp. The obtained cox1 sequence showed 89.29%, 88.78%, and 88.71% identity with Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes gibbosus, and Ixodes apronophorus, respectively. Phylogenetically, the present cox1 sequence clustered with the Ixodes ricinus complex. Additionally, the 18S rDNA sequence showed 98.11% maximum identity with Theileria cf. sinensis and 97.99% identity with Theileria sinensis. Phylogenetically, Theileria spp. clustered with the T. cf. sinensis and T. sinensis. In the case of Anaplasma spp., the 16S rDNA sequence showed 100% identity with Anaplasma capra and phylogenetically clustered with the A. capra. PCR-based DNA detection targeting the amplification of groEL and flaB sequences of Coxiella spp. and Borrelia spp., respectively, was unsuccessful. This is the first phylogenetic report based on cox1 and new locality records of I. kashmiricus, and the associated T. sinensis-like and A. capra. Significant tick surveillance studies are needed in order to determine the epidemiology of Ixodes ticks and their associated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Numan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak ShahZad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54200, Pakistan
| | - Kun-Hsien Tsai
- Global Health Program, Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Mohamed WMA, Moustafa MAM, Kelava S, Barker D, Matsuno K, Nonaka N, Shao R, Mans BJ, Barker SC, Nakao R. Reconstruction of mitochondrial genomes from raw sequencing data provides insights on the phylogeny of Ixodes ticks and cautions for species misidentification. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101832. [PMID: 34607157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology has profoundly been involved in sequencing whole genomes of several organisms in a fast and cost-effective manner. Although HTS provides an alternative biomonitoring method to the time-consuming and taxonomy-expertise dependent morphological approach, still we cannot rule out the possibility of the impediment and misidentification biases. In this article we aim to retrieve whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences from publicly available raw sequencing data for phylogenetic comparison of Ixodes persulcatus. For this comparison, we sequenced whole mitogenomes of four I. persulcatus ticks from Japan and constructed mitogenomes from raw sequencing data of 74 I. persulcatus ticks from China. Bayesian phylogenetic trees were inferred by the concatenated fifteen mitochondrial genes. We further tested our results by the phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences. Our findings showed that 70 constructed mitogenomes from China were clustered with the sequenced four mitogenomes of I. persulcatus from Japan. We also revealed that mitogenome sequences retrieved from two data sets CRR142297 and CRR142298 were clustered with Ixodes nipponensis. Moreover, other two mitogenome sequences from CRR142310 and CRR142311 formed a clade with Ixodes pavlovskyi. The phylogenetic analysis of cox1 gene and ITS2 sequences confirmed the identification errors of these four samples. The overall phylogenetics in our study concluded that accurate morphological identification is necessary before implementing HTS to avoid any misidentification biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Division of Bioinformatics, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed Moustafa
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Samuel Kelava
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dayana Barker
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Renfu Shao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Ben J Mans
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Stephen C Barker
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Idarraga-Bedoya SE, Garcia-Bustos JJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Faccini-Martínez ÁA. Epidemiology of zoonotic tick-borne diseases in Latin America: Are we just seeing the tip of the iceberg? F1000Res 2018; 7:1988. [PMID: 31489178 PMCID: PMC6707394 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17649.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are responsible for transmission of multiple bacterial, parasitic and viral diseases. Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) occur particularly in tropical and also subtropical areas. The frequency of these TBDs has been increasing and extending to new territories in a significant way, partly since ticks' populations are highly favored by prevailing factors such as change in land use patterns, and climate change. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate estimates of mortality, premature mortality, and disability associated about TBDs, more molecular and epidemiological studies in different regions of the world, including Latin America, are required. In the case of this region, there is still a limited number of published studies. In addition, there is recently the emergence and discovering of pathogens not reported previously in this region but present in other areas of the world. In this article we discuss some studies and implications about TBDs in Latin America, most of them, zoonotic and with evolving taxonomical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Franz Tamayo/UNIFRANZ, Cochabamba, Cochabamba, 4780, Bolivia
| | - D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Sanidad Animal, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, 660004, Colombia
| | - Samuel E. Idarraga-Bedoya
- Grupo de Investigación Sanidad Animal, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, 660004, Colombia
| | - Juan J. Garcia-Bustos
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología e Inmunología – Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Magdalena, 470004, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales Macagual, Universidad de La Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, 180002, Colombia
| | - Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, 660004, Colombia
- Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas – Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
| | - Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Idarraga-Bedoya SE, Garcia-Bustos JJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Faccini-Martínez ÁA. Epidemiology of zoonotic tick-borne diseases in Latin America: Are we just seeing the tip of the iceberg? F1000Res 2018; 7:1988. [PMID: 31489178 PMCID: PMC6707394 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17649.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are responsible for transmission of multiple bacterial, parasitic and viral diseases. Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) occur particularly in tropical and also subtropical areas. The frequency of these TBDs has been increasing and extending to new territories in a significant way, partly since ticks' populations are highly favored by prevailing factors such as change in land use patterns, and climate change. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate estimates of mortality, premature mortality, and disability associated about TBDs, more molecular and epidemiological studies in different regions of the world, including Latin America, are required. In the case of this region, there is still a limited number of published studies. In addition, there is recently the emergence and discovering of pathogens not reported previously in this region but present in other areas of the world. In this article we discuss some studies and implications about TBDs in Latin America, most of them, zoonotic and with evolving taxonomical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad Franz Tamayo/UNIFRANZ, Cochabamba, Cochabamba, 4780, Bolivia
| | - D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Sanidad Animal, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, 660004, Colombia
| | - Samuel E. Idarraga-Bedoya
- Grupo de Investigación Sanidad Animal, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, 660004, Colombia
| | - Juan J. Garcia-Bustos
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología e Inmunología – Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Magdalena, 470004, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales Macagual, Universidad de La Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, 180002, Colombia
| | - Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, 660004, Colombia
- Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas – Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, 660003, Colombia
| | - Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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