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Segbefia SP, Asandem DA, Pobee A, Asare B, Prah AD, Baba‐Adam R, Amponsah JA, Kyei‐Baafour E, van der Puije W, Osei F, Teye‐Adjei D, Agyemang S, Brenko T, Bentum‐Ennin L, Tetteh JKA, Bonney KJH, Sakyi SA, Amoah LE, Kusi KA. Expression patterns of immune checkpoint proteins and Plasmodium falciparum-induced cytokines in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected and uninfected individuals: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2280. [PMID: 39086506 PMCID: PMC11286663 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains a major public health problem. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 Hepatitis B Guidelines provide that CHB individuals not requiring antiviral therapy yet are monitored to determine the need for antiviral therapy in the future; however, these tests do not include measurement of cytokines and immune cell characterization. This case-control study compared the cytokine and immune checkpoint protein expression profiles between CHB individuals not yet on antiviral treatment and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-negative individuals. Methods CD4 and CD8 T cells from CHB and HBV-negative individuals were characterized for immune checkpoint proteins programmed cell death-1 (PD1), T cell Immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (CD152), and a memory marker CXCR3 (CD183) using flow cytometry. Malaria-induced cytokine expression levels were determined by stimulating their blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain antigens (CSP, AMA-1, and TRAP) in whole blood assays, and cytokine levels were measured using a 13-plex Luminex kit. Results HBV-negative and CHB individuals had comparable levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, a proportion of the CD4+ and CD8+ populations from both groups, which were CXCR3+, expressed PD-1 and CD152. The ability to produce cytokines in response to malaria antigen stimulation was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion These findings support excluding CHB individuals from antiviral therapy at this stage of infection. However, CHB individuals require regular monitoring to determine the need for later antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selorm P. Segbefia
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryCollege of Health Sciences, KNUSTKumasiGhana
| | - Diana A. Asandem
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Virology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Abigail Pobee
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Bright Asare
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Ahu Diana Prah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Rawdat Baba‐Adam
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Jones Amo Amponsah
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Eric Kyei‐Baafour
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - William van der Puije
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Frank Osei
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Doreen Teye‐Adjei
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Seth Agyemang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Theophilus Brenko
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Lutterodt Bentum‐Ennin
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - John K. A. Tetteh
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Kofi J. H. Bonney
- Department of Virology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and DentistryCollege of Health Sciences, KNUSTKumasiGhana
| | - Linda E. Amoah
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Kwadwo A. Kusi
- Department of Immunology, NMIMR, College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
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Alshammary AF, Farzan R, Alsobaie SF, Alageel AA, Ali Khan I. Strategy for immunological analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine marker studies with chronic hepatitis B virus in Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1613-1618. [PMID: 37579699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of infectious disease in the global population, and its prevalence has been increasing globally. Human HBV infection is complex, involving both innate and adaptive immune systems. Cytokines play a role in both physiologic and pathologic processes in the liver. This study was designed to screen serum levels using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and genetic variants in the TNF-α and IL6 genes using polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The aim of this study was to screen the serum levels and genotype levels with TNF-α (C-308 T/G-308A) and IL-6 (G-174 C) genes in HBV patients and control subjects. METHODS In this study, we have selected 50 HBV patients and 40 control subjects from Saudi Population. Patient serum samples was used for measuring the serum levels and PCR analysis using RFLP analysis. Prior to this, HBV patients were confirmed with PCR analysis followed by Sanger sequencing analysis. RESULTS The current study results confirmed positive association in serum levels (p < 0.05) and negative association with both genotype and allele frequencies in TNF-α (C-308 T) and IL-6 (G-174 C) genes among HBV patients and controls (p > 0.05). Positive associations between blood levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were confirmed, while negative associations were found between PCR investigations involving the TNF-α (G-308A) and IL-6 (G-174 C) genes with the HBV prevalence in the Saudi population. CONCLUSION This study confirmed serum levels are strongly associated with HBV patients in the Saudi population. However, PCR studies showed the negative association with the couple of variants selected for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal F Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Farzan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah F Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A Alageel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Vimali J, Yong YK, Murugesan A, Vishnupriya K, Ashwin R, Daniel EA, Balakrishnan P, Raju S, Rosmawati M, Velu V, Larsson M, Shankar EM. Plasma interleukin-7 correlation with human immunodeficiency virus RNA and CD4+ T cell counts, and interleukin-5 with circulating hepatitis B virus DNA may have implications in viral control. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1019230. [PMID: 36405584 PMCID: PMC9668853 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1019230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic viral infections represent a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Chronic HBV, HCV, and HIV infections result in cytokine perturbations that may hold key implications in understanding the complex disease mechanisms driving virus persistence and/or resolution. Here, we determined the levels of various plasma cytokines using a commercial Bio-Plex Luminex cytokine array in chronic HBV (n = 30), HCV (n = 15), and HIV (n = 40) infections and correlated with corresponding plasma viral loads (PVLs) and liver parameters. We observed differential perturbations in cytokine profiles among the study groups. The cytokines levels positively correlated with PVL and liver transaminases. The monocyte-derived cytokines viz., MIP-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α, and Th2 cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 showed a better correlation with liver enzymes as compared to their corresponding PVLs. Our investigation also identified two cytokines viz., IL-5 and IL-7 that inversely correlated with HBV DNA and HIV PVLs, respectively. Regression analysis adjusted for age showed that every increase of IL-5 by one unit was associated with a reduction in HBV PVL by log10 0.4, whereas, every elevation by a unit of IL-7 was associated with decreased HIV PVL by log10 2.5. We also found that IL-7 levels correlated positively with absolute CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected patients. We concluded that plasma IL-5 and IL-7 may likely have a key role on viral control in HBV and HIV infections, respectively. A noteworthy increase in cytokines appears to bear protective and pathological significance, and indeed is reflective of the host's versatile immune armory against viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisheela Vimali
- Infection Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Yean Kong Yong
- Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amudhan Murugesan
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College and Hospital, Theni, India
| | | | - Rajeev Ashwin
- Infection Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Evangeline Ann Daniel
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - Pachamuthu Balakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Sivadoss Raju
- State Public Health Laboratory, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Rosmawati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M. Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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Zhang J, Liu K, Zhang G, Ling N, Chen M. Interleukin-17A pretreatment attenuates the anti-hepatitis B virus efficacy of interferon-alpha by reducing activation of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcriptional complex in hepatitis B virus-expressing HepG2 cells. Virol J 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35144643 PMCID: PMC8830041 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some cytokine signaling pathways can interact with interferon (IFN)-α pathway and thus regulate cell responses to IFN-α. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) were found to be elevated in both the peripheral blood and liver in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, how IL-17A affects the anti-HBV activity of IFN-α remains unclear. Methods The effects of IL-17A on anti-HBV activity of IFN-α were evaluated in HBV-expressing HepG2 cells (HepG2-HBV1.3) with IL-17A pretreatment and IFN-α stimulation. Culture supernatant levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA, or intracellular expression of HBsAg and HBcAg were detected by ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), or western blotting (WB). The expression of canonical IFN-α signaling pathway components, including the interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR), Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1), Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2), the Interferon Stimulated Gene Factor 3 complex (ISGF3) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), was also examined by RT-qPCR, Immunofluorescence or WB. The effects of IL-17A were further investigated by the suppression of the IL-17A pathway with a TRAF6 inhibitor. Results Compared to IFN-α stimulation alone, IL-17A pretreatment followed by IFN-α stimulation increased the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA, and decreased the levels of ISGF3 complex (phosphorylated (p)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1)/p-STAT2/IRF9) and antiviral-related ISGs (ISG15, ISG20 and Mx1). Interestingly, IL-17A pretreatment increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, SOCS3 and USP18, which were also the ISGs negatively regulating activity of ISGF3. Moreover, IFNAR1 protein expression declined more sharply in the group with IL-17A pretreatment than in the group with IFN-α stimulation alone. Blocking the IL-17A pathway reversed the effects of IL-17A on the IFN-α-induced activation of ISGF3 and anti-HBV efficacy. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that IL-17A pretreatment could attenuate IFN-α-induced anti-HBV activity by upregulating negative regulators of the critical transcriptional ISGF3 complex. Thus, this might be a potential target for improving response to IFN-α therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01753-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Leshan, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Chen M, Fan Z, Hu B, Song Y, Wei H, Qiu R, Zhu W, Xu W, Wang F. Pathogenicity of the newly emerged Lagovirus europaeus GI.2 strain in China in experimentally infected rabbits. Vet Microbiol 2021; 265:109311. [PMID: 34965497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In April 2020, rabbit hemorrhagic virus type 2 (Lagovirus europaeus GI.2), which causes highly infectious fatal rabbit hemorrhagic disease, was emerged in China. The phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome sequence of GI.2 showed that it belonged to the non-recombinant GI.3/GI.2 genotype. However, the pathogenicity of this GI.2 strain differed from that of early typical GI.2 strains in Europe. To prevent the spread of the new strain in China, its pathogenicity urgently needs to be studied. Thus, viral shedding and distribution as well as clinical symptoms, histopathological changes, and serum cytokines were studied in experimentally GI.2/SC2020-infected rabbit adults and kits. The kit group showed a shorter survival time after the challenge than the adult group did. The mortality rate was higher in the kits (80 %) than in the adults (30 %). Viral RNA could be detected in both nasal and fecal swabs, and the main dissemination route appeared to be the fecal route. Viral RNA rapidly increased in the blood of the adults and kits at 6 h post-infection, indicating that blood viral load testing can be used for early diagnosis. The most affected organs were the liver and spleen, and the lesions were more severe in the kits than in the adults. The liver contained the highest viral RNA levels. Moreover, serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were increased in the infected rabbits. In conclusion, our findings will help to understand the evolutionary trends and pathogenic characteristics of GI.2 strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Houjun Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Rulong Qiu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Weizhong Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
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