1
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Waghode P, Quadir SS, Choudhary D, Sharma S, Joshi G. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a potential gene silencing strategy for diabetes and associated complications: challenges and future perspectives. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:365-383. [PMID: 38932822 PMCID: PMC11196550 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective This article critically reviews the recent search on the use of Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) in the process of gene regulation that has been harnessed to silence specific genes in various cell types, including those involved in diabetes complications. Significance Diabetes, a prevalent and severe condition, poses life-threatening risks due to elevated blood glucose levels. It results from inadequate insulin production by the pancreas or ineffective insulin utilization by the body. Recent research suggests siRNA could hold promise in addressing diabetes complications. Methods In this review, we discussed several subjects, including diabetes; its function, and common treatment options. An in-depth analysis of gene silencing method for siRNA and role of siRNA in diabetes, focusing on its impact on glucose homeostasis, diabetic retinopathy, wound healing, diabetic nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic atherosclerosis, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Result siRNA-based treatment has the potential to target specific genes without disrupting several other endogenous pathways, which decreases the risk of off-target effects. In addition, siRNA has the capability to provide long-term efficacy with a single dose which will reduce treatment options and enhance patient compliance. Conclusion In the context of diabetic complications, siRNA has been explored as a potential therapeutic tool to modulate the expression of genes involved in various processes associated with diabetes-related issues such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Neuropathy, Nephropathy, wound healing. The use of siRNA in these contexts is still largely experimental, and challenges such as delivery to specific tissues, potential off-target effects, and long-term safety need to be addressed. Additionally, the development of siRNA-based therapies for clinical use in diabetic complications is an active area of research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01405-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali Waghode
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, deemed to be University, Vile Parle West, 400056 Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, 313001 Udaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Deepak Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, 313001 Udaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, deemed to be University, Vile Parle West, 400056 Mumbai, Maharashtra India
| | - Garima Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, 313001 Udaipur, Rajasthan India
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2
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Lin HL, Mohamed Shukri FN, Yih ES, Sha GH, Jing GS, Jin GW, Hoong CW, Ying CQ, Panda BP, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK. Newer therapeutic approaches towards the management of diabetes mellitus: an update. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:362-375. [PMID: 31663302 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by an elevation of blood glucose levels, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The prevalence of the disease has been rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Despite advances in the management of diabetes mellitus, it remains a growing epidemic that has become a significant public health burden due to its high healthcare costs and its complications. There is no cure has yet been found for the disease, however, treatment modalities include insulin and antidiabetic agents along with lifestyle modifications are still the mainstay of therapy for diabetes mellitus. The treatment spectrum for the management of diabetes mellitus has rapidly developed in recent years, with new class of therapeutics and expanded indications. This article focused on the emerging therapeutic approaches other than the conventional pharmacological therapies, which include stem cell therapy, gene therapy, siRNA, nanotechnology and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L Lin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Eric S Yih
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Grace H Sha
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Grace S Jing
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gan W Jin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow W Hoong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choong Q Ying
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bibhu P Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat K Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia -
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3
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siRNA-Mediated MELK Knockdown Induces Accelerated Wound Healing with Increased Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021326. [PMID: 36674843 PMCID: PMC9861445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wounds remain a significant problem for the healthcare system, affecting the clinical outcome, patients' quality of life, and financial costs. Reduced wound healing times would improve clinical, economic, and social aspects for both patients and the healthcare system. Skin wound healing has been studied for years, but effective therapy that leads to accelerated wound healing remains to be discovered. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of MELK silencing to accelerate wound healing. A vectorless, transient knockdown of the MELK gene using siRNA was performed in a murine skin wound model. The wound size, total collagen, type 3 collagen, vessel size, vessel number, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, number of mast cells, and immune infiltration by CD45, CD11b, CD45, and CD8a cells were evaluated. We observed that treatment with MELK siRNA leads to significantly faster wound closing associated with increased collagen deposition.
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4
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Song J, Hu L, Liu B, Jiang N, Huang H, Luo J, Wang L, Zeng J, Huang F, Huang M, Cai L, Tang L, Chen S, Chen Y, Wu A, Zheng S, Chen Q. The Emerging Role of Immune Cells and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Wounds Healing. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4119-4138. [PMID: 35898820 PMCID: PMC9309318 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s371939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor wound healing in individuals with diabetes has long plagued clinicians, and immune cells play key roles in the inflammation, proliferation and remodeling that occur in wound healing. When skin integrity is damaged, immune cells migrate to the wound bed through the actions of chemokines and jointly restore tissue homeostasis and barrier function by exerting their respective biological functions. An imbalance of immune cells often leads to ineffective and disordered inflammatory responses. Due to the maladjusted microenvironment, the wound is unable to smoothly transition to the proliferation and remodeling stage, causing it to develop into a chronic refractory wound. However, chronic refractory wounds consistently lead to negative outcomes, such as long treatment cycles, high hospitalization rates, high medical costs, high disability rates, high mortality rates, and many adverse consequences. Therefore, strategies that promote the rational distribution and coordinated development of immune cells during wound healing are very important for the treatment of diabetic wounds (DW). Here, we explored the following aspects by performing a literature review: 1) the current situation of DW and an introduction to the biological functions of immune cells; 2) the role of immune cells in DW; and 3) existing (or undeveloped) therapies targeting immune cells to promote wound healing to provide new ideas for basic research, clinical treatment and nursing of DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houqiang Huang
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - JieSi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Cai
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunli Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Pandey S, Shaif M, Ansari TM, Shamim A, Kushwaha P. Leveraging Potential of Nanotherapeutics in Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:678-686. [PMID: 35240693 DOI: 10.1055/a-1749-4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the most common complications associated with diabetes mellitus. DFUs are displayed as open sores or wounds located on the bottom of the foot as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DFUs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and can subsequently lead to hospitalization and lower limb amputation if not recognized and treated on time. An immense challenge to conventional treatments is caused by the chronic nature of diabetic foot syndrome and it has led to the emergence of nanotechnology-based therapeutics. The greatest advantages of these nanotherapeutics are their unique biological, chemical, and physical properties. The present review highlights the augmentation of bacterial infections relating to delayed healing of DFUs and the potential of nanotherapeutics such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, siRNA-based nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, and nanofibers in accelerating wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Pandey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Shaif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Tarique M Ansari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam Kushwaha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli-Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
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6
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Haque ST, Saha SK, Haque ME, Biswas N. Nanotechnology-based therapeutic applications: in vitro and in vivo clinical studies for diabetic wound healing. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7705-7747. [PMID: 34709244 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds often indicate chronic complications that are difficult to treat. Unfortunately, existing conventional treatment modalities often cause unpremeditated side effects, given the need to develop alternative therapeutic phenotypes that are safe or have minimal side effects and risks. Nanotechnology-based platforms, including nanotherapeutics, nanoparticles (NPs), nanofibers, nanohydrogels, and nanoscaffolds, have garnered attention for their groundbreaking potential to decipher the biological environment and offer personalized treatment methods for wound healing. These nanotechnology-based platforms can successfully overcome the impediments posed by drug toxicity, existing treatment modalities, and the physiology and complexity of the wound sites. Furthermore, studies have shown that they play an essential role in influencing angiogenesis, collagen production, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, which are integral in skin repair mechanisms. In this review, we emphasized the importance of various nanotechnology-based platforms for healing diabetic wounds and report on the innovative preclinical and clinical outcomes of different nanotechnology-based platforms. This review also outlined the limitations of existing conventional treatment modalities and summarized the physiology of acute and chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tanzina Haque
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neugdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Md Enamul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN-46202, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY-12208, USA.
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7
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Otsuka T, Kan HM, Laurencin CT. Regenerative Engineering Approaches to Scar-Free Skin Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Farahani M, Shafiee A. Wound Healing: From Passive to Smart Dressings. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100477. [PMID: 34174163 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The universal increase in the number of patients with nonhealing skin wounds imposes a huge social and economic burden on the patients and healthcare systems. Although, the application of traditional wound dressings contributes to an effective wound healing outcome, yet, the complexity of the healing process remains a major health challenge. Recent advances in materials and fabrication technologies have led to the fabrication of dressings that provide proper conditions for effective wound healing. The 3D-printed wound dressings, biomolecule-loaded dressings, as well as smart and flexible bandages are among the recent alternatives that have been developed to accelerate wound healing. Additionally, the new generation of wound dressings contains a variety of microelectronic sensors for real-time monitoring of the wound environment and is able to apply required actions to support the healing progress. Moreover, advances in manufacturing flexible microelectronic sensors enable the development of the next generation of wound dressing substrates, known as electronic skin, for real-time monitoring of the whole physiochemical markers in the wound environment in a single platform. The current study reviews the importance of smart wound dressings as an emerging strategy for wound care management and highlights different types of smart dressings for promoting the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Farahani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- UQ Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
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9
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Duran-Mota JA, Yani JQ, Almquist BD, Borrós S, Oliva N. Polyplex-Loaded Hydrogels for Local Gene Delivery to Human Dermal Fibroblasts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4347-4361. [PMID: 34081451 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cutaneous healing leading to chronic wounds affects between 2 and 6% of the total population in most developed countries and it places a substantial burden on healthcare budgets. Current treatments involving antibiotic dressings and mechanical debridement are often not effective, causing severe pain, emotional distress, and social isolation in patients for years or even decades, ultimately resulting in limb amputation. Alternatively, gene therapy (such as mRNA therapies) has emerged as a viable option to promote wound healing through modulation of gene expression. However, protecting the genetic cargo from degradation and efficient transfection into primary cells remain significant challenges in the push to clinical translation. Another limiting aspect of current therapies is the lack of sustained release of drugs to match the therapeutic window. Herein, we have developed an injectable, biodegradable and cytocompatible hydrogel-based wound dressing that delivers poly(β-amino ester)s (pBAEs) nanoparticles in a sustained manner over a range of therapeutic windows. We also demonstrate that pBAE nanoparticles, successfully used in previous in vivo studies, protect the mRNA load and efficiently transfect human dermal fibroblasts upon sustained release from the hydrogel wound dressing. This prototype wound dressing technology can enable the development of novel gene therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Duran-Mota
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Júlia Quintanas Yani
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Almquist
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Nuria Oliva
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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10
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Ezhilarasu H, Vishalli D, Dheen ST, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approach for Diabetic Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1234. [PMID: 32630377 PMCID: PMC7353122 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease characterized by a state of hyperglycemia (higher level of glucose in the blood than usual). DM and its complications can lead to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). DFU is associated with impaired wound healing, due to inappropriate cellular and cytokines response, infection, poor vascularization, and neuropathy. Effective therapeutic strategies for the management of impaired wound could be attained through a better insight of molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing. Nanotherapeutics-based agents engineered within 1-100 nm levels, which include nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds, are recent promising treatment strategies for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Nanoparticles are smaller in size and have high surface area to volume ratio that increases the likelihood of biological interaction and penetration at wound site. They are ideal for topical delivery of drugs in a sustained manner, eliciting cell-to-cell interactions, cell proliferation, vascularization, cell signaling, and elaboration of biomolecules necessary for effective wound healing. Furthermore, nanoparticles have the ability to deliver one or more therapeutic drug molecules, such as growth factors, nucleic acids, antibiotics, and antioxidants, which can be released in a sustained manner within the target tissue. This review focuses on recent approaches in the development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for enhancing diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Vishalli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed to be University”, Karad, Maharashtra 415539, India;
| | - S. Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (H.E.); (S.T.D.); (B.-H.B.)
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11
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Bhattamisra SK, Shin LY, Saad HIBM, Rao V, Candasamy M, Pandey M, Choudhury H. Interlink Between Insulin Resistance and Neurodegeneration with an Update on Current Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:174-183. [PMID: 32418534 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200518102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interlink between diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been identified by several researchers. Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are found to be affected with cognitive impairments leading to learning and memory deficit, while patients with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) showed less severe levels of these impairments in the brain. This review aimed to discuss the connection between insulin with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (AD and PD) and the current therapeutic approached mediated through insulin for management of neurodegenerative diseases. An extensive literature search was conducted using keywords "insulin"; "insulin resistance"; "Alzheimer's disease"; "Parkinson's disease" in public domains of Google scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Selected articles were used to construct this review. Studies have shown that impaired insulin signaling contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, tau proteins and α-synuclein in the brain. Whereas, improvement in insulin signaling slows down the progression of cognitive decline. Various therapeutic approaches for altering the insulin function in the brain have been researched. Besides intranasal insulin, other therapeutics like PPAR-γ agonists, neurotrophins, stem cell therapy and insulin-like growth factor-1 are under investigation. Research has shown that insulin insensitivity in T2DM leads to neurodegeneration through mechanisms involving a variety of extracellular, membrane receptor, and intracellular signaling pathway disruptions. Some therapeutics, such as intranasal administration of insulin and neuroactive substances have shown promise but face problems related to genetic background, accessibility to the brain, and invasiveness of the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yuen Shin
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Vikram Rao
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Uppal S, Italiya KS, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Nanoparticulate-based drug delivery systems for small molecule anti-diabetic drugs: An emerging paradigm for effective therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:20-42. [PMID: 30268916 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in diabetes has facilitated improved delivery of small molecule drugs which could dramatically improve the quality of life for diabetics. Conventional dosage forms of the anti-diabetic drugs exhibit variable/less bioavailability and short half-life, demanding frequent dosing and causing increased side-effects resulting in ineffectiveness of therapy and non-compliance with the patients. Considering the chronic nature of diabetes, nanotechnology-based approaches are more promising in terms of providing site-specific delivery of drugs with higher bioavailability and reduced dosage regimen. Nanomedicines act at the cellular and molecular levels to enhance the uptake of the drug into the cells or block the efflux mechanisms thus retaining the drug inside the cell for a longer duration of time. Many studies have hinted at the possibility of administering peptide drugs like glucagon like peptides orally by encapsulation into nanoparticles. Nanoparticles also allow further modifications including their encapsulation into microparticles, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-PEGylation- or functionalization with ligands for active targeting. Nevertheless, such remarkable benefits are fraught with their long-term safety concerns, regulatory hurdles, limitations of scale-up and ineffective patent protection which have hindered their commercialization. This review summarizes the latest advances in the area of nanoformulations as applied to the delivery of anti-diabetics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The present work describes the latest advancements in the area of nanoformulations for anti-diabetic therapy along with highlighting the advantages that these nanoformulations offer at molecular level for diabetes. Although several potent orally active anti-hyperglycemic agents are available, the current challenges in efficient management of diabetes include optimization of the present therapies to ensure an optimum and stable level of glucose, and also to reduce the occurrence of long term complications associated with diabetes. Nanoformulations because of their high surface area to volume ratio provide improved efficacy, targeting their delivery to the desired site of action tends to minimize adverse effects and administration of peptide drugs by oral route is also possible by encapsulating them in nanoparticles. As we reflect on the success and failures of latest research on nanoformulations for the treatment of diabetes, it is important not to dwell on lack of FDA approvals but rather define future directions that guarantee more effective anti-diabetic treatment. In proposed review we have explored the latest advancement in anti-diabetic nanotechnology based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Uppal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Kishan S Italiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS-PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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13
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Abstract
Diabetes is a condition that is not completely treatable but life of a diabetic patient can be smoothed by preventing or delaying the associate conditions like diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, impaired wound healing process, etc. Apart from conventional methods to regulate diabetic condition, new techniques using siRNA have been emerged to prevent the associated conditions. This paper focuses on how siRNA used as a tool to silence the expression of genes which plays critical role in pathogenesis of these conditions. A marked improvement in wound-healing process of diabetic patients has been observed with siRNA treatment by silencing of Keap1 gene. Glucagon plays critical role in glucose homoeostasis and increases blood glucose level during hypoglycaemia. Glucose homoeostasis is impaired in diabetic patient and suppressing the expression of glucagon secretion with siRNA is used to suppress the progress of diabetes. Similarly, silencing expression of several factors has demonstrated improvement of treatment of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and inflammation by the use of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shende
- a Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management , SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai , India
| | - Chirag Patel
- a Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management , SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai , India
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14
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Xue M, Zhao R, Lin H, Jackson C. Delivery systems of current biologicals for the treatment of chronic cutaneous wounds and severe burns. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:219-241. [PMID: 29567398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While wound therapy remains a clinical challenge in current medical practice, much effort has focused on developing biological therapeutic approaches. This paper presents a comprehensive review of delivery systems for current biologicals for the treatment of chronic wounds and severe burns. The biologicals discussed here include proteins such as growth factors and gene modifying molecules, which may be delivered to wounds free, encapsulated, or released from living systems (cells, skin grafts or skin equivalents) or biomaterials. Advances in biomaterial science and technologies have enabled the synthesis of delivery systems such as scaffolds, hydrogels and nanoparticles, designed to not only allow spatially and temporally controlled release of biologicals, but to also emulate the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment. These technologies represent an attractive field for regenerative wound therapy, by offering more personalised and effective treatments.
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15
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Mottaghitalab F, Rastegari A, Farokhi M, Dinarvand R, Hosseinkhani H, Ou KL, Pack DW, Mao C, Dinarvand M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F. Prospects of siRNA applications in regenerative medicine. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:312-329. [PMID: 28385649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has established its reputation in the field of tissue engineering owing to its ability to silence the proteins that inhibit tissue regeneration. siRNA is capable of regulating cellular behavior during tissue regeneration processes. The concept of using siRNA technology in regenerative medicine derived from its ability to inhibit the expression of target genes involved in defective tissues and the possibility to induce the expression of tissue-inductive factors that improve the tissue regeneration process. To date, siRNA has been used as a suppressive biomolecule in different tissues, such as nervous tissue, bone, cartilage, heart, kidney, and liver. Moreover, various delivery systems have been applied in order to deliver siRNA to the target tissues. This review will provide an in-depth discussion on the development of siRNA and their delivery systems and mechanisms of action in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastegari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Meshkat Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Soares MA, Cohen OD, Low YC, Sartor RA, Ellison T, Anil U, Anzai L, Chang JB, Saadeh PB, Rabbani PS, Ceradini DJ. Restoration of Nrf2 Signaling Normalizes the Regenerative Niche. Diabetes 2016; 65:633-46. [PMID: 26647385 PMCID: PMC5314719 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia impairs intracellular redox homeostasis and contributes to impaired diabetic tissue regeneration. The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is a critical regulator of the endogenous antioxidant response system, and its dysfunction has been implicated in numerous pathologies. Here we characterize the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on Nrf2 signaling within a diabetic cutaneous regeneration model. We characterized the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway within models of diabetic cutaneous wound regeneration. We assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant gene expression following alterations in the Nrf2 suppressor Keap1 and the subsequent changes in Nrf2 signaling. We also developed a topical small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy to restore redox homeostasis within diabetic wounds. Western blotting demonstrated that chronic hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress inhibits nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and impairs activation of antioxidant genes, thus contributing to ROS accumulation. Keap1 inhibition increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased antioxidant gene expression, and reduced ROS production to normoglycemic levels, both in vitro and in vivo. Topical siKeap1 therapy resulted in improved regenerative capacity of diabetic wounds and accelerated closure. We report that chronic hyperglycemia weakens the endogenous antioxidant response, and the consequences of this defect are manifested by intracellular redox dysregulation, which can be restored by Keap1 inhibition. Targeted siRNA-based therapy represents a novel, efficacious strategy to reestablish redox homeostasis and accelerate diabetic cutaneous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Soares
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Oriana D Cohen
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yee Cheng Low
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rita A Sartor
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Trevor Ellison
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Utkarsh Anil
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lavinia Anzai
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jessica B Chang
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Pierre B Saadeh
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Piul S Rabbani
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel J Ceradini
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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17
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Boateng J, Catanzano O. Advanced Therapeutic Dressings for Effective Wound Healing--A Review. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3653-3680. [PMID: 26308473 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced therapeutic dressings that take active part in wound healing to achieve rapid and complete healing of chronic wounds is of current research interest. There is a desire for novel strategies to achieve expeditious wound healing because of the enormous financial burden worldwide. This paper reviews the current state of wound healing and wound management products, with emphasis on the demand for more advanced forms of wound therapy and some of the current challenges and driving forces behind this demand. The paper reviews information mainly from peer-reviewed literature and other publicly available sources such as the US FDA. A major focus is the treatment of chronic wounds including amputations, diabetic and leg ulcers, pressure sores, and surgical and traumatic wounds (e.g., accidents and burns) where patient immunity is low and the risk of infections and complications are high. The main dressings include medicated moist dressings, tissue-engineered substitutes, biomaterials-based biological dressings, biological and naturally derived dressings, medicated sutures, and various combinations of the above classes. Finally, the review briefly discusses possible prospects of advanced wound healing including some of the emerging physical approaches such as hyperbaric oxygen, negative pressure wound therapy and laser wound healing, in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Ovidio Catanzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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18
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Tokatlian T, Cam C, Segura T. Porous hyaluronic acid hydrogels for localized nonviral DNA delivery in a diabetic wound healing model. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1084-91. [PMID: 25694196 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of impaired wounds requires the use of biomaterials that can provide mechanical and biological queues to the surrounding environment to promote angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and wound closure. Porous hydrogels show promotion of angiogenesis, even in the absence of proangiogenic factors. It is hypothesized that the added delivery of nonviral DNA encoding for proangiogenic growth factors can further enhance this effect. Here, 100 and 60 μm porous and nonporous (n-pore) hyaluronic acid-MMP hydrogels with encapsulated reporter (pGFPluc) or proangiogenic (pVEGF) plasmids are used to investigate scaffold-mediated gene delivery for local gene therapy in a diabetic wound healing mouse model. Porous hydrogels allow for significantly faster wound closure compared with n-pore hydrogels, which do not degrade and essentially provide a mechanical barrier to closure. Interestingly, the delivery of pDNA/PEI polyplexes positively promotes granulation tissue formation even when the DNA does not encode for an angiogenic protein. And although transfected cells are present throughout the granulation tissue surrounding, all hydrogels at 2 weeks, pVEGF delivery does not further enhance the angiogenic response. Despite this, the presence of transfected cells shows promise for the use of polyplex-loaded porous hydrogels for local gene delivery in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talar Tokatlian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California, Los Angeles; 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095-1592 USA
| | - Cynthia Cam
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Los Angeles; 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095-1592 USA
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California, Los Angeles; 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095-1592 USA
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19
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Dreifke MB, Jayasuriya AA, Jayasuriya AC. Current wound healing procedures and potential care. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 48:651-62. [PMID: 25579968 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe current and future potential wound healing treatments for acute and chronic wounds. The current wound healing approaches are based on autografts, allografts, and cultured epithelial autografts, and wound dressings based on biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. The Food and Drug Administration approved wound healing dressings based on several polymers including collagen, silicon, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. The new potential therapeutic intervention for wound healing includes sustained delivery of growth factors, and siRNA delivery, targeting microRNA, and stem cell therapy. In addition, environment sensors can also potentially utilize to monitor and manage microenvironment at wound site. Sensors use optical, odor, pH, and hydration sensors to detect such characteristics as uric acid level, pH, protease level, and infection - all in the hopes of early detection of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dreifke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA
| | - Amil A Jayasuriya
- Undergraduate Program, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA.
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