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Purifoy EJ, Mruk K. Differential Roles of Diet on Development and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Larval Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2024; 21:214-222. [PMID: 38621204 PMCID: PMC11035855 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful model organism for studying development and regeneration. However, there is a lack of a standardized reference diet for developmental and regeneration experiments. Most studies evaluate the rate of growth, survival, and fecundity. In this study, we compare three diets and their effects on growth and regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Fish were fed daily for 1 week with daily measurements of overall length and width of spinal injury. Fish fed a live rotifer diet grew 32%, whereas a commercially available diet only led to a 4% increase in body length. Similarly, differences in rate of regeneration were observed with over 80% of rotifer-fed larvae forming a glial bridge after injury compared to <10% of zebrafish fed with the commercial diet. Our data highlight the need for establishing a standardized diet for regeneration studies to improve research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Purifoy
- Wyoming Research Scholars Program and University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Karen Mruk
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Smolińska K, Sobczyński J, Szopa A, Wnorowski A, Tomaszewska E, Muszyński S, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Czernecki T, Bielak A, Dobrowolska K, Smoliński K, Klebaniuk R, Dobrowolski P. Innovative high fat diet establishes a novel zebrafish model for the study of visceral obesity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3012. [PMID: 38321127 PMCID: PMC10847117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex chronic condition associated with multiple health risks, including visceral obesity, which is particularly detrimental. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying obesity and its associated pathologies, a novel zebrafish model was established using an innovative high-fat diet (HFD). The primary goal was to induce visceral obesity in zebrafish and study the associated structural changes. To achieve this, a unique HFD consisting of 40% beef fat (HFD40) was developed and supplemented with magnesium aluminometasilicate to improve stability in a high humidity environment. Feeding regimens were initiated for both juvenile (starting at 2 weeks post-fertilization, lasting 18 weeks) and adult zebrafish (3 months post-fertilization, 8 weeks feeding duration). The innovative dietary approach successfully induced visceral obesity in both juvenile and adult zebrafish. This new model provides a valuable tool to study obesity-related pathologies, metabolic syndrome, and potential therapeutic interventions. Most importantly, the low-cost and easy-to-prepare composition of HFD40 was seamlessly incorporated into the water without the need for separation, was readily absorbed by the fish and induced rapid weight gain in the zebrafish population. In conclusion, this study presents a novel HFD40 composition enriched with a high beef fat concentration (40%), which represents a significant advance in the development of an experimental zebrafish model for the study of visceral obesity and associated metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smolińska
- Chronic Wounds Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 7, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jan Sobczyński
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St. 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czernecki
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Dietitian Service, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Bielak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dobrowolska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kacper Smoliński
- Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Żwirki I Wigury St. 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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3
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Paull GC, Lee CJ, Tyler CR. Beyond compliance: harmonising research and husbandry practices to improve experimental reproducibility using fish models. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:253-264. [PMID: 37817305 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Reproducibility in animal research is impacted by the environment, by husbandry practices in the laboratory and by the animals' provenance. These factors, however, are often not adequately considered by researchers. A disconnect between researchers and animal care staff can result in inappropriate housing and husbandry decisions for scientific studies with those animals. This is especially the case for the research in neuro-behaviour, epigenetics, and the impact of climate change, as heritable phenotypic, behavioural or physiological changes are known to result from the animals' environmental housing, husbandry, provenance and prior experience. This can lead to greater variation (even major differences) in data outcomes among studies, driving scientific uncertainties. Herein, we illustrate some of the endpoints measured in fish studies known to be intrinsically linked to the environment and husbandry conditions and assess the significance of housing and husbandry practice decisions for research adopting these endpoints for different fish species. We highlight the different priorities and challenges faced by researchers and animal care staff and how harmonising their activities and building greater understanding of how husbandry practices affect the fish will improve reproducibility in research outcomes. We furthermore illustrate how improving engagement between stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, can better underpin fish husbandry decisions and where researchers could help to drive best husbandry practices through their own research with fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Paull
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Carole J Lee
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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4
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Karuppasamy M, English KG, Henry CA, Manzini MC, Parant JM, Wright MA, Ruparelia AA, Currie PD, Gupta VA, Dowling JJ, Maves L, Alexander MS. Standardization of zebrafish drug testing parameters for muscle diseases. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050339. [PMID: 38235578 PMCID: PMC10820820 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscular diseases predominantly affect skeletal and cardiac muscle, resulting in muscle weakness, impaired respiratory function and decreased lifespan. These harmful outcomes lead to poor health-related quality of life and carry a high healthcare economic burden. The absence of promising treatments and new therapies for muscular disorders requires new methods for candidate drug identification and advancement in animal models. Consequently, the rapid screening of drug compounds in an animal model that mimics features of human muscle disease is warranted. Zebrafish are a versatile model in preclinical studies that support developmental biology and drug discovery programs for novel chemical entities and repurposing of established drugs. Due to several advantages, there is an increasing number of applications of the zebrafish model for high-throughput drug screening for human disorders and developmental studies. Consequently, standardization of key drug screening parameters, such as animal husbandry protocols, drug compound administration and outcome measures, is paramount for the continued advancement of the model and field. Here, we seek to summarize and explore critical drug treatment and drug screening parameters in the zebrafish-based modeling of human muscle diseases. Through improved standardization and harmonization of drug screening parameters and protocols, we aim to promote more effective drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Karuppasamy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Katherine G. English
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clarissa A. Henry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - John M. Parant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Melissa A. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Avnika A. Ruparelia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Victorian Node, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vandana A. Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J. Dowling
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Williams MB, Green GBH, Palmer JW, Fay CX, Chehade SB, Lawrence AL, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Harris ML, Watts SA. Replacement of Dietary Fish Protein with Bacterial Protein Results in Decreased Adiposity Coupled with Liver Gene Expression Changes in Female Danio rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102057. [PMID: 38234580 PMCID: PMC10792695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective use of Danio rerio as a preclinical model requires standardization of macronutrient sources to achieve scientific reproducibility across studies and labs. Objective Our objective was to evaluate a bacterial-based single-cell protein (SCP) for the production of open-source standardized diets with defined health characteristics for the zebrafish research community. Methods We completed a 16-wk feeding trial using juvenile D. rerio 31 d postfertilization (10 tanks per diet and 14 D. rerio per tank) with formulated diets containing either a typical fish protein ingredient [standard reference (SR) diet] or a novel bacterial SCP source [bacterial protein (BP) diet]. At the end of the feeding trial, growth metrics, body composition, reproductive success, and bulk transcriptomics of the liver (RNAseq on female D. rerio with confirmatory rtPCR) were performed for each diet treatment. Results D. rerio fed the BP diet had body weight gains equivalent to the D. rerio fed fish protein, and females had significantly lower total carcass lipid, indicating reduced adiposity. Reproductive success was similar between treatments, suggesting normal physiological function. Genes differentially expressed in female D. rerio fed the BP diet compared with females fed the SR diet were overrepresented in the gene ontologies of metabolism, biosynthesis of cholesterol precursors and products, and protein unfolding responses. Conclusion Protein source substantially affected body growth metrics and composition as well as gene expression. These data support the development of an open-source diet utilizing an ingredient that correlates with improved health profiles and reduced variability in notable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - George BH Green
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joseph W Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christian X Fay
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sophie B Chehade
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Addison L Lawrence
- Agriculture and Lifesciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robert J Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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6
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Sharpton TJ, Lu Y, Kent ML, Watts SA, Varga ZM. Tenth Aquatic Models of Human Disease Conference 2022 Workshop Report: Aquatics Nutrition and Reference Diet Development. Zebrafish 2023; 20:243-249. [PMID: 38117219 PMCID: PMC10733753 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in biomedical research requires rigorous studies and reproducible outcomes. However, despite recent achievements, standard reference diets (SRDs) for aquatic model organisms, vital for supporting scientific rigor and reproducibility, are yet to be adopted. At this workshop, we presented findings from a 7-month diet test study, tightly coordinated and conducted across three aquatic research facilities: Zebrafish International Resource Center (ZIRC), Kent and Sharpton laboratories (Oregon State University), and Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center (XGSC, Texas State University). We compared the impact of two commercial diets and a suggested zebrafish SRD on general fish husbandry, microbiome composition, and health in three fish species (zebrafish, Xiphophorus, and Medaka), and three zebrafish wild-type strains. We reported outcomes, gathered community feedback, and addressed the aquatic research community's need for SRD development. Discussions underscored the influence of diet on aquatic research variability, emphasizing the need for SRDs to control cross-experiment and cross-laboratory reproducibility. Species-specific reference diets are essential for model organism health and consistent research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zoltan M. Varga
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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7
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Turko AJ, Firth BL, Craig PM, Eliason EJ, Raby GD, Borowiec BG. Physiological differences between wild and captive animals: a century-old dilemma. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246037. [PMID: 38031957 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-based research dominates the fields of comparative physiology and biomechanics. The power of lab work has long been recognized by experimental biologists. For example, in 1932, Georgy Gause published an influential paper in Journal of Experimental Biology describing a series of clever lab experiments that provided the first empirical test of competitive exclusion theory, laying the foundation for a field that remains active today. At the time, Gause wrestled with the dilemma of conducting experiments in the lab or the field, ultimately deciding that progress could be best achieved by taking advantage of the high level of control offered by lab experiments. However, physiological experiments often yield different, and even contradictory, results when conducted in lab versus field settings. This is especially concerning in the Anthropocene, as standard laboratory techniques are increasingly relied upon to predict how wild animals will respond to environmental disturbances to inform decisions in conservation and management. In this Commentary, we discuss several hypothesized mechanisms that could explain disparities between experimental biology in the lab and in the field. We propose strategies for understanding why these differences occur and how we can use these results to improve our understanding of the physiology of wild animals. Nearly a century beyond Gause's work, we still know remarkably little about what makes captive animals different from wild ones. Discovering these mechanisms should be an important goal for experimental biologists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Turko
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3C5
| | - Britney L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Goleta, CA 93117, USA
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
| | - Brittney G Borowiec
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Sieler MJ, Al-Samarrie CE, Kasschau KD, Varga ZM, Kent ML, Sharpton TJ. Disentangling the link between zebrafish diet, gut microbiome succession, and Mycobacterium chelonae infection. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:38. [PMID: 37563644 PMCID: PMC10413624 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact the zebrafish gut microbiome. Given the microbiome's important role in mediating host physiology and the potential for diet to drive variation in microbiome composition, we sought to clarify how three different dietary formulations that are commonly used in zebrafish facilities impact the gut microbiome. We compared the composition of gut microbiomes in approximately 60 AB line adult (129- and 214-day-old) zebrafish fed each diet throughout their lifespan. RESULTS Our analysis finds that diet has a substantial impact on the composition of the gut microbiome in adult fish, and that diet also impacts the developmental variation in the gut microbiome. We further evaluated how 214-day-old fish microbiome compositions respond to exposure of a common laboratory pathogen, Mycobacterium chelonae, and whether these responses differ as a function of diet. Our analysis finds that diet determines the manner in which the zebrafish gut microbiome responds to M. chelonae exposure, especially for moderate and low abundance taxa. Moreover, histopathological analysis finds that male fish fed different diets are differentially infected by M. chelonae. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that diet drives the successional development of the gut microbiome as well as its sensitivity to exogenous exposure. Consequently, investigators should carefully consider the role of diet in their microbiome zebrafish investigations, especially when integrating results across studies that vary by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sieler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | | | - Kristin D Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Zoltan M Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
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9
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Williams M, Green GBH, Palmer JW, Fay CX, Chehade SB, Lawrence AL, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Harris ML, Watts SA. Replacement of Dietary Fish Protein With Bacterial Single Cell Protein Results in Decreased Adiposity Coupled With Liver Expression Changes in Female Danio Rerio. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3044822. [PMID: 37398488 PMCID: PMC10312982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3044822/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Effective use of Danio rerio as a preclinical model requires standardization of macronutrient sources to achieve scientific reproducibility across studies and labs. Our objective was to evaluate single cell protein (SCP) for production of open-source standardized diets with defined heath characteristics for the zebrafish research community. We completed a 16-week feeding trial using juvenile D. rerio 31 days post-fertilization (dpf) (10 tanks per diet, 14 D. rerio per tank) with formulated diets containing either a typical fish protein ingredient or a novel bacterial SCP source. At the end of the feeding trial, growth metrics, body composition, reproductive success, and bulk transcriptomics of the liver (RNAseq on female D. rerio only with confirmatory rtPCR) were performed for each diet treatment. Results D. rerio fed the SCP containing diet had body weight gains equivalent to the D. rerio fed fish protein, and females had significantly lower total carcass lipid, indicating reduced adiposity. Reproductive success was similar between treatments. Genes differentially expressed in female D. rerio provided the bacterial SCP compared to females given fish protein were overrepresented in the gene ontologies of metabolism, biosynthesis of cholesterol precursors and products, and protein unfolding responses. Conclusion These data support the development of an open-source diet utilizing an ingredient that correlates with improved health profiles and reduced variability in notable outcomes.
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10
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Gao S, Lin X, Shi Y, Zhou H, Zheng X, Li M, Lin T. A New Hypoglycemic Prenylated Indole Alkaloid N-Oxide from Endophytic Fungus Pallidocercospora crystalline. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108767. [PMID: 37240113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new prenylated indole alkaloid-Penicimutamide C N-oxide (1), a new alkaloid penicimutamine A (2), along with six known alkaloids were isolated from an endophytic fungus Pallidocercospora crystallina. A simple and accurate method was used to determine the N-O bond in the N-oxide group of 1. By using a β-cell ablation diabetic zebrafish model, compounds 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 showed significantly hypoglycemic activities under the concentration of 10 μM. Further studies revealed that compounds 1 and 8 lowered the glucose level through promoting glucose uptake in zebrafish. In addition, all eight compounds showed no acute toxicity, teratogenicity, nor vascular toxicity in zebrafish under the concentrations range from 2.5 μΜ to 40 μM. Importantly, these results provide new lead compounds for the development of antidiabetes strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yeqin Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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11
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Green GB, Williams MB, Chehade SB, Flowers JT, Morrow CD, Lawrence AL, Bej AK, Watts SA. Body Metrics and the Gut Microbiome in Response to Macronutrient Limitation in the Zebrafish Danio rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100065. [PMID: 37304849 PMCID: PMC10257228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy and predictable physiologic homeostasis is paramount in animal models for biomedical research. Proper macronutrient intake is an essential and controllable environmental factor for maintaining animal health and promoting experimental reproducibility. Objective and Methods Evaluate reductions in dietary macronutrient composition on body weight metrics, composition, and gut microbiome in Danio rerio. Methods D. rerio were fed reference diets deficient in either protein or lipid content for 14 weeks. Results Diets of reduced-protein or reduced-fat resulted in lower weight gain than the standard reference diet in male and female D. rerio. Females fed the reduced-protein diet had increased total body lipid, suggesting increased adiposity compared with females fed the standard reference diet. In contrast, females fed the reduced-fat diet had decreased total body lipid compared with females fed the standard reference diet. The microbial community in male and female D. rerio fed the standard reference diet displayed high abundances of Aeromonas, Rhodobacteraceae, and Vibrio. In contrast, Vibrio spp. were dominant in male and female D. rerio fed a reduced-protein diet, whereas Pseudomonas displayed heightened abundance when fed the reduced-fat diet. Predicted functional metagenomics of microbial communities (PICRUSt2) revealed a 3- to 4-fold increase in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) functional category of steroid hormone biosynthesis in both male and female D. rerio fed a reduced-protein diet. In contrast, an upregulation of secondary bile acid biosynthesis and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies was concomitant with a downregulation in steroid hormone biosynthesis in females fed a reduced-fat diet. Conclusions These study outcomes provide insight into future investigations to understand nutrient requirements to optimize growth, reproductive, and health demographics to microbial populations and metabolism in the D. rerio gut ecosystem. These evaluations are critical in understanding the maintenance of steady-state physiologic and metabolic homeostasis in D. rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 20xx;x:xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B.H. Green
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sophie B. Chehade
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Flowers
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Addison L. Lawrence
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Agriculture and Life Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Asim K. Bej
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- J. Frank Barefield, Jr. Department of Criminal Justice, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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12
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Lu K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Liang XF. Role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) in mediating nutrient metabolism in zebrafish. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:67. [PMID: 36840800 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most economical source of energy in fish feeds, but most fish have limited ability to utilize carbohydrates. It has been reported that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (pck1) is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic processes. However, direct evidence is lacking to fully understand the relationship between pck1 and glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we generated a pck1 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR/cas9 system, and a high-carbohydrate diet was provided to 60 days post-fertilization (dpf) for 8 weeks. We found that pck1-deficient zebrafish displayed decreased plasma glucose, elevated mRNA levels of glycolysis-related genes (gck, pfk, pk), and reduced the transcriptional levels of gluconeogenic genes (pck1, fbp1a) in liver. We also found decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and lipid accumulation and in pck1-/- zebrafish, along with downregulation of genes for lipolysis (acaca) and lipogenesis (cpt1). In addition, the observation of HE staining revealed that the total muscle area of pck1-/- was substantially less than that of WT zebrafish and real-time PCR suggested that GH/IGF-1 signaling (ulk2, stat1b) may be suppressed in pck1-deficient fish. Taken together, these findings suggested that pck1 may play an important role in the high-carbohydrate diet utilization of fish and significantly affected lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in zebrafish. pck1 knockout mutant line could facilitate a further mechanism study of pck1-associated metabolic regulation and provide new information for improving carbohydrate utilization traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhuang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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13
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Sieler M, Al-Samarrie C, Kasschau K, Varga Z, Kent M, Sharpton T. Common laboratory diets differentially influence zebrafish gut microbiome's successional development and sensitivity to pathogen exposure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2530939. [PMID: 36778316 PMCID: PMC9915791 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2530939/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact the zebrafish gut microbiome. Given the microbiome's important role in mediating host physiology and the potential for diet to drive variation in microbiome composition, we sought to clarify how three different dietary formulations that are commonly used in zebrafish facilities impact the gut microbiome. We compared the composition of gut microbiomes in approximately 60 AB line adult (4- and 7-month-old) zebrafish fed each diet throughout their lifespan. Results Our analysis finds that diet has a substantial impact on the composition of the gut microbiome in adult fish, and that diet also impacts the developmental variation in the gut microbiome. We further evaluated whether the 7-month-old fish microbiome compositions that result from dietary variation are differentially sensitive to infection by a common laboratory pathogen, Mycobacterium chelonae. Our analysis finds that the gut microbiome's sensitivity to M. chelonae infection varies as a function of diet, especially for moderate and low abundance taxa. Conclusions Overall, our results indicate that diet drives the successional development of the gut microbiome as well as its sensitivity to exogenous exposure. Consequently, investigators should carefully consider the role of diet in their microbiome zebrafish investigations, especially when integrating results across studies that vary by diet.
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14
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Mele S, Martelli F, Lin J, Kanca O, Christodoulou J, Bellen HJ, Piper MDW, Johnson TK. Drosophila as a diet discovery tool for treating amino acid disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:85-105. [PMID: 36567227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid disorders (AADs) are a large group of rare inherited conditions that collectively impact one in 6500 live births, often resulting in rapid neurological decline and death during infancy. For several AADs, including phenylketonuria, dietary modification prevents physiological deterioration and ameliorates symptoms. Despite this remarkable potential for treatment success, dietary therapy for most AADs remains largely unexplored. Although animal models have provided novel insights into AAD mechanisms, few have been used for therapeutic diet discovery. Here, we find that of all the animal models, Drosophila is particularly well suited for nutrigenomic disease modelling, having amino acid pathways conserved with humans, exceptional genetic tractability, and the unique availability of a synthetic customisable diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mele
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Felipe Martelli
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jiayi Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew D W Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Travis K Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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15
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Ochocki AJ, Kenney JW. A gelatin-based feed for precise and non-invasive drug delivery to adult zebrafish. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:286278. [PMID: 36606734 PMCID: PMC10165467 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of adult zebrafish as a model organism has increased in recent years, there is room to refine methods, such as drug delivery, to make them less invasive and more precise. Here, we describe the development of a non-invasive gelatin-based feed method that is tailored to animals based on their body mass. The feed was readily eaten by zebrafish (<1 min) with minimal leaching of compound when placed in water (<5% in 5 min). As a proof of principle, we fed fish a NMDA receptor antagonist (MK-801, 4 mg kg-1) prior to the novel tank test. We found that MK-801 caused a general decrease in predator-avoidance/anxiety-like behavior (bottom dwelling) and an increase in locomotion in male fish, but not females. Our simple, easy to prepare and individually tailored gelatin-based feed enables precisely dosed, non-invasive drug delivery to adult-stage zebrafish for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander J Ochocki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Justin W Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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16
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Adatto I, Lawrence C, Krug L, Zon LI. The effects of intensive feeding on reproductive performance in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278302. [PMID: 36445925 PMCID: PMC9707780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is among the most widely used model animals in scientific research. Historically, these fish have been reared in the laboratory using simple methods developed by home aquarists. For laboratories with high demand for breeding and generation turn-over, however, there has been a shift away from this approach towards one that leverages techniques, tools, and feeds from commercial aquaculture to help accelerate growth rates and decrease generation times. While these advances have improved efficiency, the effects of feeding zebrafish diets that are designed to grow disparately related cold-water fish species to market size quickly are not well-understood. To explore the impacts that intensive feeding protocols may have on this species, groups of zebrafish larvae from two different wild-type lines were stocked into treatment tanks at a standard density of 10 fish per liter and were administered either a "high" or "low" food diet for a maximum of 63 days. During their growth phase, the "high" food diet group received at least 8x more rotifers and at least 2x more Artemia than the "low" food diet group. Growth, survival, and reproductive performance (fecundity and viability) were measured in these fish and in their offspring. We found that fish that were fed more grew more rapidly and were able to reproduce earlier than fish that were fed less, but they were also more likely to produce higher proportions of non-viable embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Adatto
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lauren Krug
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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17
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Russo C, Drewery M, Chang CT, Savage M, Sanchez L, Varga Z, Kent ML, Walter R, Lu Y. Assessment of Various Standard Fish Diets on Growth and Fecundity of Platyfish ( Xiphophorus maculatus) and Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Zebrafish 2022; 19:181-189. [PMID: 35862011 PMCID: PMC9595639 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several small freshwater fish species are utilized as models for human conditions and disease in biomedical research. Research animal diets are generally tailored to optimize growth, fecundity, and produce healthy research animals. However, a lack of reference diets presents a barrier in comparative studies between aquatic animal models and even among laboratories using the same species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine feeding regime and dietary effects on growth and fecundity in two commonly used freshwater fish, platyfish and medaka. From 1 through 6 months of age, platyfish and medaka were fed one of three feeding regime/diets: (1) our custom feeding regime consists of commercial flake food, beef liver paste, and live brine shrimp (CON); (2) a commercially available zebrafish diet, Gemma (GEM); and (3) a laboratory defined reference feeding regime (WAT). Weight, size, brood numbers, and survival rates for both species were measured monthly. Numbers of platyfish fry and hatch rate of medaka embryos were also determined. We observed that custom feeding regime (CON) fed platyfish and medaka grew larger, exhibited a higher survival rate, and had higher fecundity than WAT or GEM fed fish. These observations suggest that diets and regimes designed for zebrafish are not optimal to maintain platyfish or medaka. Thus, base diets, with clearly defined components and regimes, need to be developed with compositions that can be adjusted in a species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Merritt Drewery
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn T. Chang
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Markita Savage
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Lindsey Sanchez
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ronald Walter
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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18
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Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158233. [PMID: 35897799 PMCID: PMC9368664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: “How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?” Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body’s antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.
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19
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Green GB, Williams MB, Chehade SB, Morrow CD, Watts SA, Bej AK. High-throughput amplicon sequencing datasets of the metacommunity DNA of the gut microbiota of Zebrafish Danio rerio fed diets with differential quantities of protein and fat contents. Data Brief 2022; 42:108313. [PMID: 35669004 PMCID: PMC9163692 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present high-throughput amplicon sequence (HTS) datasets of the gut microbiota of male and female Zebrafish Danio rerio fed diets consisting of sub-optimal and above-optimal quantities of proteins and fats. The HTS datasets were generated using an Illumina MiSeq targeting the V4 hypervariable segment of the 16S rRNA gene. The raw sequence reads were quality checked, demultiplexed into FASTQ files, denoised using DADA2 (q2-dada2 denoise-paired), and subsampled. Taxonomic ids were then assigned to amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) against the silva-138-99-nb-classifier for taxonomic output using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME2 v2021.4). The resultant taxa list was generated at the phylum level to confirm the applicability of the HTS dataset using the "qiime taxa collapse" command. These HTS datasets of the metagenome can be accessed through the BioSample Submission Portal (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/) under the BioProject IDs PRJNA772302 and PRJNA772305.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B. H. Green
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Sophie B. Chehade
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Asim K. Bej
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
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20
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Žák J, Roy K, Dyková I, Mráz J, Reichard M. Starter feed for carnivorous species as a practical replacement of bloodworms for a vertebrate model organism in ageing, the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:894-908. [PMID: 35195903 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a controlled diet is unfortunate in a promising model organism for ageing, the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri Jubb, 1971). Currently captive N. furzeri are fed bloodworms but it is not known whether this is an optimal diet. Replacing bloodworms with a practical dry feed would reduce diet variability. In the present study, we estimated the nutritional value of the diet ingested by wild fish and determined the fish-body amino acid profile as a proxy for their nutritional requirements. We compared the performance of fish fed four commercial feeds containing 46%-64% protein to that achieved with bloodworms and that of wild fish. Wild fish target a high-protein (60%) diet and this is supported by their superior performance on high-protein diets in captivity. In contrast, feeds for omnivores led to slower growth, lower fecundity and unnatural liver size. In comparison to wild fish, a bloodworm diet led to lower body condition, overfeeding and male liver enlargement. Out of the four dry feeds tested, the fish fed Aller matched wild fish in body condition and liver size, and was comparable to bloodworms in terms of growth and fecundity. A starter feed for carnivorous species appears to be a practical replacement for bloodworms for N. furzeri. The use of dry feeds improved performance in comparison to bloodworms and thus may contribute to reducing response variability and improving research reproducibility in N. furzeri research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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21
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Kasprzak R, Grzeszkiewicz AB, Górecka A. Performance of Co-Housed Neon Tetras ( Paracheirodon innesi) and Glowlight Rasboras ( Trigonostigma hengeli) Fed Commercial Flakes and Lyophilized Natural Food. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123520. [PMID: 34944294 PMCID: PMC8697964 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little to no research has been conducted thus far regarding aquarium fish nutrition. In order to ensure the welfare of house-kept ornamentals, such studies should take into account that there are distinct biological differences occurring between different fish species/taxa, especially in regard to the structure of their digestive organs. Accordingly, a 12-week trial was executed to assess the effects of two commercial flakes and a mix of lyophilized natural food on the condition of co-reared neon tetras, Paracheirodon innesi (Characidae), and glowlight rasboras, Trigonostigma hengeli (Danionidae). The four feeding groups were as follows: (T)-Tetra flakes; (O)-Omega flakes; (TO)-Tetra + Omega; (TOL)-Tetra + Omega + Lyophilizate (twice a week). There were no differences in final body weight (FBW) between the feeding groups of either species, but in the case of neon tetras, FBW increased significantly from the initial value only for the T group. However, histological observations and measurements of digestive organs (livers, intestines) showed pronounced differences between the two species. The supplementation with natural food in group TOL caused lipoid hepatic degeneration only in the rasboras. The healthiest histological structure of livers and longest intestinal folds were found in group T of the tetras and group TO of the rasboras. Whole-mount staining for bone and cartilage did not reveal any significant deformities or differences in terms of bone mineralization. In conclusion, it was outlined that concurrent feeding of co-housed, anatomically diverse ornamental fish species is a highly ambiguous task, because the nutritional strategy applied for a community tank may yield radically divergent effects, most of which may remain unnoticed when depending only on external body observations and measurements. Most emphatically, this was highlighted in regard to the dietary supplementation with natural food-although no significant effects were observed in neon tetras, severe lipoid liver degeneration occurred in glowlight rasboras.
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22
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Williams MB, Palmer JW, Chehade SB, Hall AJ, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Harris ML, Sun LY, Watts SA. Effect of Long-Term Consumption of Poultry Egg Products on Growth, Body Composition, and Liver Gene Expression in Zebrafish, Danio rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab134. [PMID: 34993387 PMCID: PMC8718328 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poultry eggs are a low-cost, high-protein nutrient package that can be consumed as part of quality diets. However, consumption of poultry egg products is historically contentious, which highlights the importance of investigating impacts of long-term egg consumption on metabolic health. OBJECTIVE Our study utilized the zebrafish, Danio rerio, a newly defined model of human metabolic health, to understand the metabolic consequence of consuming egg products in lieu of other well-described protein sources. METHODS Reference diets were formulated to contain multisource protein with casein and fish protein hydrolysate (CON; control protein sources), the protein sources that have been historically utilized in numerous reference diets. These proteins were then partially replaced with either whole egg (WE; protein and lipid source), egg white (EW; protein source), wheat gluten (WG; cereal protein source), or a high-lipid-content diet containing a multisource protein with casein and fish protein hydrolysate (HFCON; isonitrogenous and isolipidic with the WE diet) in a 34-wk trial (n = 8 tanks, 10 fish per tank). Daily feeding was initiated at the early juvenile life stage and terminated at the late reproductive adult stage. RESULTS The amino acid composition of control versus egg product diets did not vary substantially, although methionine and lysine were apparently limiting in fish fed WG. At termination, fish fed EW as the protein source had weight gain and body composition similar to those fed the CON diet. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose did not differ between any dietary treatment. Assessment of the liver transcriptome using RNAseq revealed no differential gene expression between zebrafish fed CON or WE diets. Zebrafish fed WG had lower weight gain in males. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consumption of egg products promoted metabolic health equal to that of historically relevant proteins. These data support the value of egg products for maintaining long-term metabolic health in animal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joseph W Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sophie B Chehade
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex J Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert J Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Liou Y Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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23
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Di Chiacchio IM, Paiva IM, de Abreu DJM, Carvalho EEN, Martínez PJ, Carvalho SM, Mulero V, Murgas LDS. Bee pollen as a dietary supplement for fish: Effect on the reproductive performance of zebrafish and the immunological response of their offspring. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:300-307. [PMID: 34656757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bee pollen, a natural resource collected by bees, is rich in many nutrients, therefore it may represent a useful dietary supplement. Different uses of bee pollen are proposed due to its beneficial health properties, which includes the capacity to improve animal performance and promote immunostimulation. Animal nutrition can directly affect adults and their offspring, and larval stage is a critical moment for fish due to high mortality related to immune challenges. Thus, the present study attempted to evaluate the effects of adding bee pollen to a zebrafish diet, specifically, analyzing the effects on reproduction and immunity transference to descendants. Zebrafish adults received control diets based on commercial flakes and live food Artemia sp. nauplii or bee pollen-supplemented diets, administered three times a day, at the same time. The animals received the diets over 60 d, and throughout this period, they were tested for: egg production per female, total number of eggs, embryo viability rate, larval survival rate after exposure to spring viremia of carp virus and to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and larval neutrophil recruitment after tail wounding. Bee pollen supplementation failed to improve egg production and embryo viability, and was unable to substitute flakes in zebrafish breeders. Instead, the offspring of breeders fed with bee pollen supplemented diets showed longer survival upon virus exposure and higher neutrophil migration to wounds. These results indicate that bee pollen can influence vertical immunity through important mechanisms related to offspring immunity in the early stages, when larval immune system is not fully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela M Di Chiacchio
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil; Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Isadora M Paiva
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Danilo J M de Abreu
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisângela E N Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro J Martínez
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Stephan M Carvalho
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Luis David S Murgas
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, UFLA, 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
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24
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Thompson WA, Vijayan MM. Venlafaxine deposition in the zygote disrupts the endocrine control of growth in juvenile zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111665. [PMID: 34252433 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant venlafaxine can be found at levels nearing μg/L in waterways receiving municipal wastewater effluent, exposing non-target organisms, such as fish, to this chemical. We showed previously that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine alters neurodevelopment and behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the zygotic deposition of venlafaxine disrupts endocrine pathways related to growth in zebrafish. This was carried out by microinjecting embryos (1-4 cell stage) with either 0, 1, or 10 ng venlafaxine. Zygotic venlafaxine deposition reduced the growth of fish after 30 days post-fertilization. Specific growth rate was particularly impacted by 1 ng venlafaxine. This growth retardation corresponded with the disruption of endocrine pathways involved in growth and metabolism. Venlafaxine exposed embryos displayed reduced transcript abundance of key genes involved in anabolic hormone action. Early-life venlafaxine exposure also reduced whole-body insulin and glucose content in juveniles. Target-tissue glucose uptake measurements indicated that high venlafaxine deposition preferentially increased glucose uptake to the brain. Zygotic venlafaxine did not affect feed intake nor altered the transcript abundance of key feeding-related peptides. Taken together, zygotic venlafaxine deposition compromises zebrafish growth by disrupting multiple endocrine pathways, and this study has identified key markers for potential use in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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25
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Watts SA, D'Abramo LR. Standardized Reference Diets for Zebrafish: Addressing Nutritional Control in Experimental Methodology. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:511-527. [PMID: 34270334 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-034809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ideal of experimental methodology in animal research is the reduction or elimination of environmental variables or consistency in their application. In lab animals, diet has been recognized as a very influential response variable. Reproducibility in research using rodents required the development of a unique diet of consistent ingredient and nutrient composition to allow for cross-comparisons of lab results, spatially and temporally. These diets are commonly referred to as standard reference diets (SRDs). The established validity of published nutritional requirements combined with the cooperation of commercial partners led to species-specific reference diets commonly used by the research community. During the last several decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a widespread alternative animal model, but specific knowledge of their nutrition is lacking. We present a short-term approach for developing an SRD for zebrafish, similar to that eventually attained for rodents over decades. Imminent development of an open-formulation, commercially produced SRD for zebrafish will notably advance translational biomedical science. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA;
| | - Louis R D'Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA;
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26
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Langa X, Neuhaus P, Lains D, Stewart TJ, Borel N, Certal AC, Monteiro JF, Aleström P, Diaz E, Piragyte I, Bräutigam L, Vázquez R, Hlushchuk R, Gfeller L, Mestrot A, Bigalke M, Varga ZM, Mercader N. A Systematic Analysis of Metal and Metalloid Concentrations in Eight Zebrafish Recirculating Water Systems. Zebrafish 2021; 18:252-264. [PMID: 34227897 PMCID: PMC8392081 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals and metalloids are integral to biological processes and play key roles in physiology and metabolism. Nonetheless, overexposure to some metals or lack of others can lead to serious health consequences. In this study, eight zebrafish facilities collaborated to generate a multielement analysis of their centralized recirculating water systems. We report a first set of average concentrations for 46 elements detected in zebrafish facilities. Our results help to establish an initial baseline for trouble-shooting purposes, and in general for safe ranges of metal concentrations in recirculating water systems, supporting reproducible scientific research outcomes with zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Langa
- Division Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Neuhaus
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Lains
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Theodora J Stewart
- London Metallomics Facility, King's College London and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Borel
- European Zebrafish Resource Center, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ana C Certal
- Fish Platform, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Monteiro
- Fish Platform, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Aleström
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Eduardo Diaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Indre Piragyte
- Division Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Comparative Medicine, Zebrafish Core Facility, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- Division microCT, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Gfeller
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Mestrot
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bigalke
- Laboratory/Soil Science, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoltan M Varga
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Division Developmental Biology and Regeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Frederickson SC, Steinmiller MD, Blaylock TR, Wisnieski ME, Malley JD, Pandolfo LM, Castranova D. Comparison of Juvenile Feed Protocols on Growth and Spawning in Zebrafish. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:298-305. [PMID: 33653438 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, zebrafish, Danio rerio, have become a mainstream laboratory animal model, yet zebrafish husbandry practices remain far from standardized. Feeding protocols play a critical role in the health, wellbeing, and productivity of zebrafish laboratories, yet they vary significantly between facilities. In this study, we compared our current feeding protocol for juvenile zebrafish (30 dpf to 75 dpf), a 3:1mixture of fish flake and freeze-dried krill fed twice per day with live artemia twice per day (FKA), to a diet of Gemma Micro 300 fed once per day with live artemia once per day (GMA). Our results showed that juvenile EK wild-type zebrafish fed GMA were longer and heavier than juveniles fed FKA. As compared with FKA-fed juveniles, fish fed GMA as juveniles showed better reproductive performance as measured by spawning success, fertilization rate, and clutch size. As adults, fish from both feeding protocols were acclimated to our standard adult feeding protocol, and the long-term effects of juvenile diet were assessed. At 2 y of age, the groups showed no difference in mortality or fecundity. Reproductive performance is a crucial aspect of zebrafish research, as much of the research focuses on the developing embryo. Here we show that switching juvenile zebrafish from a mixture of flake and krill to Gemma Micro 300 improves reproductive performance, even with fewer feedings of live artemia, thus simplifying husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Frederickson
- Research Animal Management Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (Charles River Contractor), Bethesda Maryland;,
| | - Mark D Steinmiller
- Research Animal Management Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (Charles River Contractor), Bethesda Maryland
| | - Tiffany Rae Blaylock
- Research Animal Management Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (Charles River Contractor), Bethesda Maryland
| | - Mike E Wisnieski
- Research Animal Management Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (Charles River Contractor), Bethesda Maryland
| | - James D Malley
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren M Pandolfo
- Research Animal Management Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (Charles River Contractor), Bethesda Maryland
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28
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Stevens CH, Reed BT, Hawkins P. Enrichment for Laboratory Zebrafish-A Review of the Evidence and the Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030698. [PMID: 33807683 PMCID: PMC8001412 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The zebrafish is one of the most commonly used animals in scientific research, but there remains a lack of consensus over good practice for zebrafish housing and care. One such area which lacks agreement is whether laboratory zebrafish should be provided with environmental enrichment—additions or modifications to the basic laboratory environment which aim to improve welfare, such as plastic plants in tanks. The need for the provision of appropriate environmental enrichment has been recognised in other laboratory animal species, but some scientists and animal care staff are hesitant to provide enrichment for zebrafish, arguing that there is little or no evidence that enrichment can benefit zebrafish welfare. This review aims to summarise the current literature on the effects of enrichment on zebrafish physiology, behaviour and welfare, and identifies some forms of enrichment which are likely to benefit zebrafish. It also considers the possible challenges that might be associated with introducing more enrichment, and how these might be addressed. Abstract Good practice for the housing and care of laboratory zebrafish Danio rerio is an increasingly discussed topic, with focus on appropriate water quality parameters, stocking densities, feeding regimes, anaesthesia and analgesia practices, methods of humane killing, and more. One area of current attention is around the provision of environmental enrichment. Enrichment is accepted as an essential requirement for meeting the behavioural needs and improving the welfare of many laboratory animal species, but in general, provision for zebrafish is minimal. Some of those involved in the care and use of zebrafish suggest there is a ‘lack of evidence’ that enrichment has welfare benefits for this species, or cite a belief that zebrafish do not ‘need’ enrichment. Concerns are also sometimes raised around the practical challenges of providing enrichments, or that they may impact on the science being undertaken. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that various forms of enrichment are preferred by zebrafish over a barren tank, and that enriched conditions can improve welfare by reducing stress and anxiety. This review explores the effects that enrichment can have on zebrafish behaviour, physiology and welfare, and considers the challenges to facilities of providing more enrichment for the zebrafish they house.
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29
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Chowanadisai W, Hart MD, Strong MD, Graham DM, Rucker RB, Smith BJ, Keen CL, Messerli MA. Genetic and Genomic Advances in Developmental Models: Applications for Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:971-978. [PMID: 32135011 PMCID: PMC7360451 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that dietary components influence and interact with genes important to metabolism. How such influences impact developmental regulation and programming or risks of chronic diseases remains unclear. Nutrition is recognized to affect development and chronic diseases, but our understanding about how genes essential to nutrient metabolism regulate development and impact risks of these diseases remains unclear. Historically, mammalian models, especially rodents such as rats and mice, have been the primary models used for nutrition and developmental nutrition science, although their complexity and relatively slow rate of development often compromise rapid progress in resolving fundamental, genetic-related questions. Accordingly, the objective of this review is to highlight the opportunities for developmental models in the context of uncovering the function of gene products that are relevant to human nutrition and provide the scientific bases for these opportunities. We present recent studies in zebrafish related to obesity as applications of developmental models in nutritional science. Although the control of external factors and dependent variables, such as nutrition, can be a challenge, suggestions for standardizations related to diet are made to improve consistency in findings between laboratories. The review also highlights the need for standardized diets across different developmental models, which could improve consistency in findings across laboratories. Alternative and developmental animal models have advantages and largely untapped potential for the advancement of nutrigenomics and nutritionally relevant research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Morgan D Strong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Rucker
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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30
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Fowler LA, Dennis-Cornelius LN, Dawson JA, Barry RJ, Davis JL, Powell ML, Yuan Y, Williams MB, Makowsky R, D'Abramo LR, Watts SA. Both Dietary Ratio of n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acids and Total Dietary Lipid Are Positively Associated with Adiposity and Reproductive Health in Zebrafish. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa034. [PMID: 32258992 PMCID: PMC7108797 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial findings have been reported in human and animal studies regarding the influence of n-6 (ω-6) to n-3 (ω-3) fatty acid ratios on obesity and health. Two confounding factors may be related to interactions with other dietary lipid components or sex-specific differences in fatty acid metabolism. OBJECTIVE This study investigated main and interactive effects of total dietary lipid, ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, and sex on growth, adiposity, and reproductive health in wild-type zebrafish. METHODS Male and female zebrafish (3 wk old) were fed 9 diets consisting of 3 ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (1.4:1, 5:1, and 9.5:1) varied within 3 total lipid amounts (80, 110, and 140 g/kg) for 16 wk. Data were then collected on growth, body composition (determined by chemical carcass analysis), and female reproductive success (n = 32 breeding events/diet over 4 wk). Main and interactive effects of dietary lipid and sex were evaluated with regression methods. Significant differences within each dietary lipid component were relative to the intercept/reference group (80 g/kg and 1.4:1 ratio). RESULTS Dietary lipid and sex interacted in their effects on body weight (P = 0.015), total body length (P = 0.003), and total lipid mass (P = 0.029); thus, these analyses were stratified by sex. Female spawning success decreased as dietary total lipid and fatty acid ratio increased (P = 0.030 and P = 0.026, respectively). While total egg production was not associated with either dietary lipid component, females fed the 5:1 ratio produced higher proportions of viable embryos compared with the 1.4:1 ratio [median (95% CI): 0.915 (0.863, 0.956) vs 0.819 (0.716, 0.876); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Further characterization of dietary lipid requirements will help define healthy balances of dietary lipid, while the sex-specific responses to dietary lipid identified in this study may partially explain sex disparities in the development of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Fowler
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - John A Dawson
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James L Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Louis R D'Abramo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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31
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Williams MB, Watts SA. Current basis and future directions of zebrafish nutrigenomics. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31890052 PMCID: PMC6935144 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review investigates the current state of nutrigenomics in the zebrafish animal models. The zebrafish animal model has been used extensively in the study of disease onset and progression and associated molecular changes. In this review, we provide a synopsis of nutrigenomics using the zebrafish animal model. Obesity and dyslipidemia studies describe the genomics of dietary-induced obesity in relation to high-fat/high-calorie diets. Inflammation and cardiovascular studies describe dietary effects on the expression of acute inflammatory markers and resulting chronic inflammatory issues including atherosclerosis. We also evaluated the genomic response to bioactive dietary compounds associated with metabolic disorders. Carbohydrate metabolism and β-cell function studies describe the impacts of high-carbohydrate dietary challenges on nutritional programming. We also report tumorigenesis in relation to dietary carcinogen exposure studies that can result in permanent genomic changes. Vitamin and mineral deficiency studies demonstrate transgenerational genomic impacts of micronutrients in the diet and temporal expression changes. Circadian rhythm studies describe the relation between metabolism and natural temporal cycles of gene expression that impacts health. Bone formation studies describe the role of dietary composition that influences bone reabsorption regulation. Finally, this review provides future directions in the use of the zebrafish model for nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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