1
|
Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Kalanj-Bognar S, Heffer M, Blažetić S. Methodological Pitfalls of Investigating Lipid Rafts in the Brain: What Are We Still Missing? Biomolecules 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38397393 PMCID: PMC10886647 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to succinctly examine the methodologies used in lipid raft research in the brain and to highlight the drawbacks of some investigative approaches. Lipid rafts are biochemically and biophysically different from the bulk membrane. A specific lipid environment within membrane domains provides a harbor for distinct raftophilic proteins, all of which in concert create a specialized platform orchestrating various cellular processes. Studying lipid rafts has proved to be arduous due to their elusive nature, mobility, and constant dynamic reorganization to meet the cellular needs. Studying neuronal lipid rafts is particularly cumbersome due to the immensely complex regional molecular architecture of the central nervous system. Biochemical fractionation, performed with or without detergents, is still the most widely used method to isolate lipid rafts. However, the differences in solubilization when various detergents are used has exposed a dire need to find more reliable methods to study particular rafts. Biochemical methods need to be complemented with other approaches such as live-cell microscopy, imaging mass spectrometry, and the development of specific non-invasive fluorescent probes to obtain a more complete image of raft dynamics and to study the spatio-temporal expression of rafts in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Heffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Senka Blažetić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matveeva M, Lefebvre M, Chahinian H, Yahi N, Fantini J. Host Membranes as Drivers of Virus Evolution. Viruses 2023; 15:1854. [PMID: 37766261 PMCID: PMC10535233 DOI: 10.3390/v15091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling the adaptation of viruses to host cells are generally poorly documented. An essential issue to resolve is whether host membranes, and especially lipid rafts, which are usually considered passive gateways for many enveloped viruses, also encode informational guidelines that could determine virus evolution. Due to their enrichment in gangliosides which confer an electronegative surface potential, lipid rafts impose a first control level favoring the selection of viruses with enhanced cationic areas, as illustrated by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Ganglioside clusters attract viral particles in a dynamic electrostatic funnel, the more cationic viruses of a viral population winning the race. However, electrostatic forces account for only a small part of the energy of raft-virus interaction, which depends mainly on the ability of viruses to form a network of hydrogen bonds with raft gangliosides. This fine tuning of virus-ganglioside interactions, which is essential to stabilize the virus on the host membrane, generates a second level of selection pressure driven by a typical induced-fit mechanism. Gangliosides play an active role in this process, wrapping around the virus spikes through a dynamic quicksand-like mechanism. Viruses are thus in an endless race for access to lipid rafts, and they are bound to evolve perpetually, combining speed (electrostatic potential) and precision (fine tuning of amino acids) under the selective pressure of the immune system. Deciphering the host membrane guidelines controlling virus evolution mechanisms may open new avenues for the design of innovative antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Fantini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR_S 1072, 13015 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (M.L.); (H.C.); (N.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Awoniyi LO, Cunha DM, Sarapulov AV, Hernández-Pérez S, Runsala M, Tejeda-González B, Šuštar V, Balci MÖ, Petrov P, Mattila PK. B cell receptor-induced protein dynamics and the emerging role of SUMOylation revealed by proximity proteomics. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261119. [PMID: 37417469 PMCID: PMC10445728 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful B cell activation, which is critical for high-affinity antibody production, is controlled by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). However, we still lack a comprehensive protein-level view of the very dynamic multi-branched cellular events triggered by antigen binding. Here, we employed APEX2 proximity biotinylation to study antigen-induced changes, 5-15 min after receptor activation, at the vicinity of the plasma membrane lipid rafts, wherein BCR enriches upon activation. The data reveals dynamics of signaling proteins, as well as various players linked to the subsequent processes, such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling and endocytosis. Interestingly, our differential expression analysis identified dynamic responses in various proteins previously not linked to early B cell activation. We demonstrate active SUMOylation at the sites of BCR activation in various conditions and report its functional role in BCR signaling through the AKT and ERK1/2 axes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luqman O. Awoniyi
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Diogo M. Cunha
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Alexey V. Sarapulov
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sara Hernández-Pérez
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Runsala
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Blanca Tejeda-González
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vid Šuštar
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M. Özge Balci
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Petar Petrov
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pieta K. Mattila
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The formation of membrane vesicles is a common feature in all eukaryotes. Lipid rafts are the best-studied example of membrane domains for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and their existence also is suggested in Archaea membranes. Lipid rafts are involved in the formation of transport vesicles, endocytic vesicles, exocytic vesicles, synaptic vesicles and extracellular vesicles, as well as enveloped viruses. Two mechanisms of how rafts are involved in vesicle formation have been proposed: first, that raft proteins and/or lipids located in lipid rafts associate with coat proteins that form a budding vesicle, and second, vesicle budding is triggered by enzymatic generation of cone-shaped ceramides and inverted cone-shaped lyso-phospholipids. In both cases, induction of curvature is also facilitated by the relaxation of tension in the raft domain. In this Review, we discuss the role of raft-derived vesicles in several intracellular trafficking pathways. We also highlight their role in different pathways of endocytosis, and in the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) through budding inwards from the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane, because rafts inside MVB membranes are likely to be involved in loading RNA into ILVs. Finally, we discuss the association of glycoproteins with rafts via the glycocalyx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sapoń
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Mańka
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Teresa Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Janas
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maja M, Tyteca D. Alteration of cholesterol distribution at the plasma membrane of cancer cells: From evidence to pathophysiological implication and promising therapy strategy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999883. [PMID: 36439249 PMCID: PMC9682260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched domains are nowadays proposed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, death and invasion, with important implications in tumor progression. They could therefore represent promising targets for new anticancer treatment. However, although diverse strategies have been developed over the years from directly targeting cholesterol membrane content/distribution to adjusting sterol intake, all approaches present more or less substantial limitations. Those data emphasize the need to optimize current strategies, to develop new specific cholesterol-targeting anticancer drugs and/or to combine them with additional strategies targeting other lipids than cholesterol. Those objectives can only be achieved if we first decipher (i) the mechanisms that govern the formation and deformation of the different types of cholesterol-enriched domains and their interplay in healthy cells; (ii) the mechanisms behind domain deregulation in cancer; (iii) the potential generalization of observations in different types of cancer; and (iv) the specificity of some alterations in cancer vs. non-cancer cells as promising strategy for anticancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the homeostasis, roles and membrane distribution of cholesterol in non-tumorigenic cells. We will then integrate documented alterations of cholesterol distribution in domains at the surface of cancer cells and the mechanisms behind their contribution in cancer processes. We shall finally provide an overview on the potential strategies developed to target those cholesterol-enriched domains in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ton Tran HT, Li C, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW. NEU1 and NEU3 enzymes alter CD22 organization on B cells. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 36425332 PMCID: PMC9680808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The B cell membrane expresses sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, also called Siglecs, that are important for modulating immune response. Siglecs have interactions with sialoglycoproteins found on the same membrane (cis-ligands) that result in homotypic and heterotypic receptor clusters. The regulation and organization of these clusters, and their effect on cell activation, is not clearly understood. We investigated the role of human neuraminidase enzymes NEU1 and NEU3 on the clustering of CD22 on B cells using confocal microscopy. We observed that native NEU1 and NEU3 activity influence the cluster size of CD22. Using single-particle tracking, we observed that NEU3 activity increased the lateral mobility of CD22, which was in contrast to the effect of exogenous bacterial NEU enzymes. Moreover, we show that native NEU1 and NEU3 activity influenced cellular Ca2+ levels, supporting a role for these enzymes in regulating B cell activation. Our results establish a role for native NEU activity in modulating CD22 organization and function on B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Thuc Ton Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caishun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Louie AY, Tingling J, Dray E, Hussain J, McKim DB, Swanson KS, Steelman AJ. Dietary Cholesterol Causes Inflammatory Imbalance and Exacerbates Morbidity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2523-2539. [PMID: 35577367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia-induced hospitalization and death, but how host factors function to influence disease susceptibility or severity has not been fully elucidated. Cellular cholesterol levels may affect the pathogenesis of influenza infection, as cholesterol is crucial for viral entry and replication, as well as immune cell proliferation and function. However, there is still conflicting evidence on the extent to which dietary cholesterol influences cholesterol metabolism. In this study, we examined the effects of a high-cholesterol diet in modulating the immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in mice. Mice were fed a standard or a high-cholesterol diet for 5 wk before inoculation with mouse-adapted human IAV (Puerto Rico/8/1934), and tissues were collected at days 0, 4, 8, and 16 postinfection. Cholesterol-fed mice exhibited dyslipidemia characterized by increased levels of total serum cholesterol prior to infection and decreased triglycerides postinfection. Cholesterol-fed mice also displayed increased morbidity compared with control-fed mice, which was neither a result of immunosuppression nor changes in viral load. Instead, transcriptomic analysis of the lungs revealed that dietary cholesterol caused upregulation of genes involved in viral-response pathways and leukocyte trafficking, which coincided with increased numbers of cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and infiltrating dendritic cells. Morbidity as determined by percent weight loss was highly correlated with numbers of cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as granulocytes. Taken together, dietary cholesterol promoted IAV morbidity via exaggerated cellular immune responses that were independent of viral load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Louie
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Joseph Tingling
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Evan Dray
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jamal Hussain
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Daniel B McKim
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; and
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; and
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; .,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; and.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Y, Li X, Wang T, Li W. Core Fucosylation Regulates the Function of Pre-BCR, BCR and IgG in Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844427. [PMID: 35401499 PMCID: PMC8990897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the membrane molecules involved in immune response are glycosylated. N-glycans linked to asparagine (Asn) of immune molecules contribute to the protein conformation, surface expression, stability, and antigenicity. Core fucosylation catalyzed by core fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is the most common post-translational modification. Core fucosylation is essential for evoking a proper immune response, which this review aims to communicate. First, FUT8 deficiency suppressed the interaction between μHC and λ5 during pre-BCR assembly is given. Second, we described the effects of core fucosylation in B cell signal transduction via BCR. Third, we investigated the role of core fucosylation in the interaction between helper T (TH) cells and B cells. Finally, we showed the role of FUT8 on the biological function of IgG. In this review, we discussed recent insights into the sites where core fucosylation is critical for humoral immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xueying Li
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tiantong Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhe Li,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nazere K, Takahashi T, Hara N, Muguruma K, Nakamori M, Yamazaki Y, Morino H, Maruyama H. Amyloid Beta Is Internalized via Macropinocytosis, an HSPG- and Lipid Raft-Dependent and Rac1-Mediated Process. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:804702. [PMID: 36187354 PMCID: PMC9524458 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.804702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular amyloid β peptide (Aβ) accumulation has drawn attention in relation to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease in addition to its extracellular deposition as senile plaque. Cellular uptake of extracellular Aβ is one of the possible mechanisms by which intracellular Aβ deposits form. Given the relevance of Aβ inside cells, it is important to understand the mechanism by which it is taken up by them. In this study, we elucidated that Neuro2A and SH-SY5Y cells internalize specifically oligomerized Aβ in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or treatment with trypsin diminished the internalization of oAβ, suggesting that the oAβ uptake might be both a lipid raft-dependent and heparan sulfate proteoglycan-mediated process. Treatment with a macropinocytosis inhibitor (ethylisopropyl amiloride and wortmannin) also drastically reduced the uptake of oligomer-Aβ (oAβ). oAβ-treated cells exhibited an increase in Rac1 activity, indicating that macropinocytosis induced by oAβ is regulated by these small GTPases. These findings suggest that macropinocytosis is a major endocytic route through which oAβ42 enters cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyoumu Nazere
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tetsuya Takahashi
| | - Naoyuki Hara
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Muguruma
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suresh P, London E. Using cyclodextrin-induced lipid substitution to study membrane lipid and ordered membrane domain (raft) function in cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183774. [PMID: 34534531 PMCID: PMC9128603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods for efficient cyclodextrin-induced lipid exchange have been developed in our lab. These make it possible to almost completely replace the lipids in the outer leaflet of artificial membranes or the plasma membranes of living cells with exogenous lipids. Lipid replacement/substitution allows detailed studies of how lipid composition and asymmetry influence the structure and function of membrane domains and membrane proteins. In this review, we both summarize progress on cyclodextrin exchange in cells, mainly by the use of methyl-alpha cyclodextrin to exchange phospholipids and sphingolipids, and discuss the issues to consider when carrying out lipid exchange experiments upon cells. Issues that impact interpretation of lipid exchange are also discussed. This includes how overly naïve interpretation of how lipid exchange-induced changes in domain formation can impact protein function.
Collapse
|
11
|
Secretome and Tunneling Nanotubes: A Multilevel Network for Long Range Intercellular Communication between Endothelial Cells and Distant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157971. [PMID: 34360735 PMCID: PMC8347715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cellular interface between the blood and tissues, the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is involved in the control of key functions including vascular tone, permeability and homeostasis, leucocyte trafficking and hemostasis. EC regulatory functions require long-distance communications between ECs, circulating hematopoietic cells and other vascular cells for efficient adjusting thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, infection and immunity. This intercellular crosstalk operates through the extracellular space and is orchestrated in part by the secretory pathway and the exocytosis of Weibel Palade Bodies (WPBs), secretory granules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). WPBs and secretory granules allow both immediate release and regulated exocytosis of messengers such as cytokines, chemokines, extracellular membrane proteins, coagulation or growth factors. The ectodomain shedding of transmembrane protein further provide the release of both receptor and ligands with key regulatory activities on target cells. Thin tubular membranous channels termed tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) may also connect EC with distant cells. EVs, in particular exosomes, and TNTs may contain and transfer different biomolecules (e.g., signaling mediators, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs) or pathogens and have emerged as a major triggers of horizontal intercellular transfer of information.
Collapse
|
12
|
Draberova L, Tumova M, Draber P. Molecular Mechanisms of Mast Cell Activation by Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670205. [PMID: 34248949 PMCID: PMC8260682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are potent immune sensors of the tissue microenvironment. Within seconds of activation, they release various preformed biologically active products and initiate the process of de novo synthesis of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This process is regulated at multiple levels. Besides the extensively studied IgE and IgG receptors, toll-like receptors, MRGPR, and other protein receptor signaling pathways, there is a critical activation pathway based on cholesterol-dependent, pore-forming cytolytic exotoxins produced by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. This pathway is initiated by binding the exotoxins to the cholesterol-rich membrane, followed by their dimerization, multimerization, pre-pore formation, and pore formation. At low sublytic concentrations, the exotoxins induce mast cell activation, including degranulation, intracellular calcium concentration changes, and transcriptional activation, resulting in production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Higher toxin concentrations lead to cell death. Similar activation events are observed when mast cells are exposed to sublytic concentrations of saponins or some other compounds interfering with the membrane integrity. We review the molecular mechanisms of mast cell activation by pore-forming bacterial exotoxins, and other compounds inducing cholesterol-dependent plasma membrane perturbations. We discuss the importance of these signaling pathways in innate and acquired immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Magda Tumova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zampieri LX, Silva-Almeida C, Rondeau JD, Sonveaux P. Mitochondrial Transfer in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063245. [PMID: 33806730 PMCID: PMC8004668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on their tissue of origin, genetic and epigenetic marks and microenvironmental influences, cancer cells cover a broad range of metabolic activities that fluctuate over time and space. At the core of most metabolic pathways, mitochondria are essential organelles that participate in energy and biomass production, act as metabolic sensors, control cancer cell death, and initiate signaling pathways related to cancer cell migration, invasion, metastasis and resistance to treatments. While some mitochondrial modifications provide aggressive advantages to cancer cells, others are detrimental. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge about mitochondrial transfers that can occur between cancer and nonmalignant cells. Among different mechanisms comprising gap junctions and cell-cell fusion, tunneling nanotubes are increasingly recognized as a main intercellular platform for unidirectional and bidirectional mitochondrial exchanges. Understanding their structure and functionality is an important task expected to generate new anticancer approaches aimed at interfering with gains of functions (e.g., cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance) or damaged mitochondria elimination associated with mitochondrial transfer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Use of Streptolysin O (SLO) to Study the Function of Lipid Rafts. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 32430837 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0467-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) produces the pore-forming toxin, streptolysin O (SLO). SLO sequesters cholesterol and induces a plasma membrane repair process that removes the pores via a lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. The impact SLO has on membranes makes it an effective toxin for investigating the function of lipid rafts in cellular processes. Lipid rafts are essential for B-cell activation. Indeed, antigen-stimulated B-cell receptors (BCRs) require localization with lipid rafts for efficient signaling and internalization. SLO treatment impairs BCR activation by competing for lipid rafts. Here, disrupting lipid rafts using SLO and assessing the effects on BCR activation by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry are described.
Collapse
|
15
|
Giovagnoni C, Crivelli SM, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P. Immunofluorescence Labeling of Lipid-Binding Proteins CERTs to Monitor Lipid Raft Dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2187:327-335. [PMID: 32770516 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0814-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful and widely used tool in molecular biology. Over the years, the discovery and development of lipid-binding fluorescent probes has established new research possibilities to investigate lipid composition and dynamics in the cell. For instance, fluorescence microscopy has allowed the investigation of lipid localization and density in specific cell compartments such as membranes or organelles. Often, the characteristics and the composition of lipid-enriched structures are determined by analyzing the distribution of a fluorescently labeled lipid probe, which intercalates in lipid-enriched platforms, or specifically binds to parts of the lipid molecule. However, in many cases antibodies targeting proteins have higher specificity and are easier to generate. Therefore, we propose to use both antibodies targeting lipid transporters and lipid binding probes to better monitor lipid membrane changes. As an example, we visualize lipid rafts using the fluorescently labeled-B-subunit of the cholera toxin in combination with antibodies targeting ceramide-binding proteins CERTs, central molecules in the metabolism of sphingolipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Giovagnoni
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone M Crivelli
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mario Losen
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ye L, Li G, Goebel A, Raju AV, Kong F, Lv Y, Li K, Zhu Y, Raja S, He P, Li F, Mwangi SM, Hu W, Srinivasan S. Caspase-11-mediated enteric neuronal pyroptosis underlies Western diet-induced colonic dysmotility. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3621-3636. [PMID: 32484462 PMCID: PMC7324173 DOI: 10.1172/jci130176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric neuronal degeneration, as seen in inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes, can lead to gastrointestinal dysmotility. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death but little is known about its role in enteric neuronal degeneration. We observed higher levels of cleaved caspase-1, a marker of pyroptosis, in myenteric ganglia of overweight and obese human subjects compared with normal-weight subjects. Western diet-fed (WD-fed) mice exhibited increased myenteric neuronal pyroptosis, delayed colonic transit, and impaired electric field stimulation-induced colonic relaxation responses. WD increased TLR4 expression and cleaved caspase-1 in myenteric nitrergic neurons. Overactivation of nitrergic neuronal NF-κB signaling resulted in increased pyroptosis and delayed colonic motility. In caspase-11-deficient mice, WD did not induce nitrergic myenteric neuronal pyroptosis and colonic dysmotility. To understand the contributions of saturated fatty acids and bacterial products to the steps leading to enteric neurodegeneration, we performed in vitro experiments using mouse enteric neurons. Palmitate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased nitrergic, but not cholinergic, enteric neuronal pyroptosis. LPS gained entry to the cytosol in the presence of palmitate, activating caspase-11 and gasdermin D, leading to pyroptosis. These results support a role of the caspase-11-mediated pyroptotic pathway in WD-induced myenteric nitrergic neuronal degeneration and colonic dysmotility, providing important therapeutic targets for enteric neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Goebel
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Abhinav V. Raju
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Feng Kong
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shreya Raja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gastroenterology Research, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kara S, Amon L, Lühr JJ, Nimmerjahn F, Dudziak D, Lux A. Impact of Plasma Membrane Domains on IgG Fc Receptor Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1320. [PMID: 32714325 PMCID: PMC7344230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid cell membranes not only represent the physical boundaries of cells. They also actively participate in many cellular processes. This contribution is facilitated by highly complex mixtures of different lipids and incorporation of various membrane proteins. One group of membrane-associated receptors are Fc receptors (FcRs). These cell-surface receptors are crucial for the activity of most immune cells as they bind immunoglobulins such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). Based on distinct mechanisms of IgG binding, two classes of Fc receptors are now recognized: the canonical type I FcγRs and select C-type lectin receptors newly referred to as type II FcRs. Upon IgG immune complex induced cross-linking, these receptors are known to induce a multitude of cellular effector responses in a cell-type dependent manner, including internalization, antigen processing, and presentation as well as production of cytokines. The response is also determined by specific intracellular signaling domains, allowing FcRs to either positively or negatively modulate immune cell activity. Expression of cell-type specific combinations and numbers of receptors therefore ultimately sets a threshold for induction of effector responses. Mechanistically, receptor cross-linking and localization to lipid rafts, i.e., organized membrane microdomains enriched in intracellular signaling proteins, were proposed as major determinants of initial FcR activation. Given that immune cell membranes might also vary in their lipid compositions, it is reasonable to speculate, that the cell membrane and especially lipid rafts serve as an additional regulator of FcR activity. In this article, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the interplay of lipid rafts and IgG binding FcRs with a focus on the plasma membrane composition and receptor localization in immune cells, the proposed mechanisms underlying this localization and consequences for FcR function with respect to their immunoregulatory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kara
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer J Lühr
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Nano-Optics, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Subramaniam S. Rhes Tunnels: A Radical New Way of Communication in the Brain's Striatum? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900231. [PMID: 32236969 PMCID: PMC7310467 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in the striatum (Rhes) is a striatal enriched protein that promotes the formation of thin membranous tubes resembling tunneling nanotubes (TNT)-"Rhes tunnels"-that connect neighboring cell and transport cargoes: vesicles and proteins between the neuronal cells. Here the literature on TNT-like structures is reviewed, and the implications of Rhes-mediated TNT, the mechanisms of its formation, and its potential in novel cell-to-cell communication in regulating striatal biology and disease are emphasized. Thought-provoking ideas regarding how Rhes-mediated TNT, if it exists, in vivo, would radically change the way neurons communicate in the brain are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shewell LK, Day CJ, Jen FEC, Haselhorst T, Atack JM, Reijneveld JF, Everest-Dass A, James DBA, Boguslawski KM, Brouwer S, Gillen CM, Luo Z, Kobe B, Nizet V, von Itzstein M, Walker MJ, Paton AW, Paton JC, Torres VJ, Jennings MP. All major cholesterol-dependent cytolysins use glycans as cellular receptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4926. [PMID: 32494740 PMCID: PMC7244308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) form pores in cholesterol-rich membranes, but cholesterol alone is insufficient to explain their cell and host tropism. Here, we show that all eight major CDCs have high-affinity lectin activity that identifies glycans as candidate cellular receptors. Streptolysin O, vaginolysin, and perfringolysin O bind multiple glycans, while pneumolysin, lectinolysin, and listeriolysin O recognize a single glycan class. Addition of exogenous carbohydrate receptors for each CDC inhibits toxin activity. We present a structure for suilysin domain 4 in complex with two distinct glycan receptors, P1 antigen and αGal/Galili. We report a wide range of binding affinities for cholesterol and for the cholesterol analog pregnenolone sulfate and show that CDCs bind glycans and cholesterol independently. Intermedilysin binds to the sialyl-TF O-glycan on its erythrocyte receptor, CD59. Removing sialyl-TF from CD59 reduces intermedilysin binding. Glycan-lectin interactions underpin the cellular tropism of CDCs and provide molecular targets to block their cytotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K. Shewell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Freda E.-C. Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - John M. Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Arun Everest-Dass
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - David B. A. James
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Stephan Brouwer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine M. Gillen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhenyao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mark J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Galkina SI, Fedorova NV, Golenkina EA, Stadnichuk VI, Sud’ina GF. Cytonemes Versus Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Fight of Neutrophils with Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020586. [PMID: 31963289 PMCID: PMC7014225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils can phagocytose microorganisms and destroy them intracellularly using special bactericides located in intracellular granules. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can catch and kill pathogens extracellularly using the same bactericidal agents. For this, live neutrophils create a cytoneme network, and dead neutrophils provide chromatin and proteins to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Cytonemes are filamentous tubulovesicular secretory protrusions of living neutrophils with intact nuclei. Granular bactericides are localized in membrane vesicles and tubules of which cytonemes are composed. NETs are strands of decondensed DNA associated with histones released by died neutrophils. In NETs, bactericidal neutrophilic agents are adsorbed onto DNA strands and are not covered with a membrane. Cytonemes and NETs occupy different places in protecting the body against infections. Cytonemes can develop within a few minutes at the site of infection through the action of nitric oxide or actin-depolymerizing alkaloids of invading microbes. The formation of NET in vitro occurs due to chromatin decondensation resulting from prolonged activation of neutrophils with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) or other stimuli, or in vivo due to citrullination of histones with peptidylarginine deiminase 4. In addition to antibacterial activity, cytonemes are involved in cell adhesion and communications. NETs play a role in autoimmunity and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Galkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.G.); (G.F.S.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5408 (S.I.G.)
| | - Natalia V. Fedorova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
| | | | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.G.); (G.F.S.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5408 (S.I.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Casas-Tintó S, Portela M. Cytonemes, Their Formation, Regulation, and Roles in Signaling and Communication in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225641. [PMID: 31718063 PMCID: PMC6888727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories are involved in cell–cell signaling in development, patterning, and differentiation, but also in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Brain tumor cells in glioblastoma extend ultralong membrane protrusions (named tumor microtubes, TMs), which contribute to invasion, proliferation, radioresistance, and tumor progression. Here we review the mechanisms underlying cytoneme formation, regulation, and their roles in cell signaling and communication in epithelial cells and other cell types. Furthermore, we discuss the recent discovery of glial cytonemes in the Drosophila glial cells that alter Wingless (Wg)/Frizzled (Fz) signaling between glia and neurons. Research on cytoneme formation, maintenance, and cell signaling mechanisms will help to better understand not only physiological developmental processes and tissue homeostasis but also cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC. Av. del Doctor Arce, 37. 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-T.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34915854738 (S.C.-T.); +61394792522 (M.P.)
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.C.-T.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34915854738 (S.C.-T.); +61394792522 (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gold MR, Reth MG. Antigen Receptor Function in the Context of the Nanoscale Organization of the B Cell Membrane. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:97-123. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays a central role in the self/nonself selection of B lymphocytes and in their activation by cognate antigen during the clonal selection process. It was long thought that most cell surface receptors, including the BCR, were freely diffusing and randomly distributed. Since the advent of superresolution techniques, it has become clear that the plasma membrane is compartmentalized and highly organized at the nanometer scale. Hence, a complete understanding of the precise conformation and activation mechanism of the BCR must take into account the organization of the B cell plasma membrane. We review here the recent literature on the nanoscale organization of the lymphocyte membrane and discuss how this new information influences our view of the conformational changes that the BCR undergoes during activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vásquez A, Baena A, González LA, Restrepo M, Muñoz CH, Vanegas-García A, Ortiz-Reyes B, Abdoel N, Rojas M, García LF, Vásquez G. Altered recruitment of Lyn, Syk and ZAP-70 into lipid rafts of activated B cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Cell Signal 2019; 58:9-19. [PMID: 30840855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that B cells from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) could be hyperactivated due to changes in their lipid rafts (LR) composition, leading to altered BCR-dependent signals. This study aimed to characterize possible alterations in the recruitment of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) into B cells LR from SLE patients. Fifteen patients with SLE and ten healthy controls were included. Circulating B cells were isolated by negative selection and stimulated with goat Fab´2 anti-human IgM/IgG. LR were isolated with a non-ionic detergent and ultracentrifuged on 5-45% discontinuous sucrose gradients. Proteins from each fraction were analyzed by Western Blot. Total levels of Lyn, Syk, and ZAP-70 in resting B cells were similar in SLE patients and healthy controls. Upon BCR activation, Lyn, Syk and ZAP-70 recruitment into LR increased significantly in B cells of healthy controls and patients with inactive SLE. In contrast, in active SLE patients there was a great heterogeneity in the recruitment of signaling molecules and the recruitment of ZAP-70 was mainly observed in patients with decreased Syk recruitment into LR of activated B cells. The reduction in Flotilin-1 and Lyn recruitment in SLE patients seem to be associated with disease activity. These findings suggest that in SLE patients the PTK recruitment into B cell LR is dysregulated and that B cells are under constant activation through BCR signaling. The decrease of Lyn and Syk, the expression of ZAP-70 by B cells and the increase in Calcium fluxes in response to BCR stimulation in active SLE patients, further support that B cells from SLE patients are under constant activation through BCR signaling, as has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Sede de investigación Universitaria (SIU), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53, # 61-30, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés Baena
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Sede de investigación Universitaria (SIU), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53, # 61-30, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis A González
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Restrepo
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos H Muñoz
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Sección Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana Vanegas-García
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Sección Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Reyes
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Sede de investigación Universitaria (SIU), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53, # 61-30, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nursamaa Abdoel
- Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Reumáticas, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Carcas, Venezuela
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Sede de investigación Universitaria (SIU), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53, # 61-30, Medellín, Colombia; Unidad de Citometria, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Luis F García
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Sede de investigación Universitaria (SIU), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53, # 61-30, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Sede de investigación Universitaria (SIU), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 53, # 61-30, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Inhibitory Effect of Carotenoids on Ligand-induced Lipid Raft Translocation of Immunoreceptors. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:149-158. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
- Shijonawate Gakuen University
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jash E, Prasad P, Kumar N, Sharma T, Goldman A, Sehrawat S. Perspective on nanochannels as cellular mediators in different disease conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:76. [PMID: 30409198 PMCID: PMC6222982 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), also known as membrane nanochannels, are actin-based structures that facilitate cytoplasmic connections for rapid intercellular transfer of signals, organelles and membrane components. These dynamic TNTs can form de novo in animal cells and establish complex intercellular networks between distant cells up to 150 μm apart. Within the last decade, TNTs have been discovered in different cell types including tumor cells, macrophages, monocytes, endothelial cells and T cells. It has also been further elucidated that these nanotubes play a vital role in diseased conditions such as cancer, where TNT formation occurs at a higher pace and is used for rapid intercellular modulation of chemo-resistance. Viruses such as HIV, HSV and prions also hijack the existing TNT connections between host cells for rapid transmission and evasion of the host immune responses. The following review aims to describe the heterogeneity of TNTs, their role in different tissues and disease conditions in order to enhance our understanding on how these nanotubes can be used as a target for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eshna Jash
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Peeyush Prasad
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Taruna Sharma
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Aaron Goldman
- Mitra Biotech, Integrative Immuno-Oncology Center, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Seema Sehrawat
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mattes B, Scholpp S. Emerging role of contact-mediated cell communication in tissue development and diseases. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:431-442. [PMID: 30255333 PMCID: PMC6182708 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells of multicellular organisms are in continuous conversation with the neighbouring cells. The sender cells signal the receiver cells to influence their behaviour in transport, metabolism, motility, division, and growth. How cells communicate with each other can be categorized by biochemical signalling processes, which can be characterised by the distance between the sender cell and the receiver cell. Existing classifications describe autocrine signals as those where the sender cell is identical to the receiver cell. Complementary to this scenario, paracrine signalling describes signalling between a sender cell and a different receiver cell. Finally, juxtacrine signalling describes the exchange of information between adjacent cells by direct cell contact, whereas endocrine signalling describes the exchange of information, e.g., by hormones between distant cells or even organs through the bloodstream. In the last two decades, however, an unexpected communication mechanism has been identified which uses cell protrusions to exchange chemical signals by direct contact over long distances. These signalling protrusions can deliver signals in both ways, from sender to receiver and vice versa. We are starting to understand the morphology and function of these signalling protrusions in many tissues and this accumulation of findings forces us to revise our view of contact-dependent cell communication. In this review, we will focus on the two main categories of signalling protrusions, cytonemes and tunnelling nanotubes. These signalling protrusions emerge as essential structural components of a vibrant communication network in the development and tissue homeostasis of any multicellular organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mattes
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia L, Shi Y, Wen Y, Li W, Feng J, Chen C. The roles of TNFAIP2 in cancers and infectious diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5188-5195. [PMID: 30145807 PMCID: PMC6201362 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα‐induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2) is a primary response gene of TNFα. TNFAIP2 is highly expressed in immune cells and the urinary bladder. The expression of TNFAIP2 is regulated by multiple transcription factors and signalling pathways, including NF‐κB, KLF5 and retinoic acid. Physiologically, TNFAIP2 appears to be a multiple functional mediator not only for inflammation, angiogenesis and tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation but also as a regulator of cell proliferation and migration. The expression of TNFAIP2 is frequently abnormal in human cancers and in infectious diseases. Due to its significant functions in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, TNFAIP2 could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Biology, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yundong Shi
- Department of Biology, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Medical College of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weidle UH, Rohwedder I, Birzele F, Weiss EH, Schiller C. LST1: A multifunctional gene encoded in the MHC class III region. Immunobiology 2018; 223:699-708. [PMID: 30055863 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The LST1 gene is located in the MHC class III cluster between the MHC class I and II regions. While most genes in this cluster have been sufficiently characterised, a definitive function and expression pattern for LST1 still remains elusive. In the present review we describe its promotor, gene organisation, splice variants and expression in human tissues, cell lines and cancer. We focus on LST1 expression in inflammation and discuss known correlations with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Current data on LST1 polymorphisms and their known associations with pathologies are also discussed in detail. We summarize the potential functions that have been described for the full-length LST1 protein including its function as a transmembrane adaptor protein with inhibitory signal transduction and its role as a membrane scaffold facilitating the formation of tunnelling nanotubes. We also discuss further potential functions by compiling all known LST1-interacting proteins. Furthermore, we address knowledge gaps and conflictive issues regarding disease association, non-hematopoietic expression and the discrepancy between RNA and protein expression data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Zentrum Seniorenstudium, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hohenstaufenstrasse 1, 80801 München, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth H Weiss
- Zentrum Seniorenstudium, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hohenstaufenstrasse 1, 80801 München, Germany; Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Schiller
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Santos AL, Preta G. Lipids in the cell: organisation regulates function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1909-1927. [PMID: 29427074 PMCID: PMC11105414 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are fundamental building blocks of all cells and play important roles in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including inflammation, autoimmune disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The lipid composition of different organelles can vary substantially from cell to cell, but increasing evidence demonstrates that lipids become organised specifically in each compartment, and this organisation is essential for regulating cell function. For example, lipid microdomains in the plasma membrane, known as lipid rafts, are platforms for concentrating protein receptors and can influence intra-cellular signalling. Lipid organisation is tightly regulated and can be observed across different model organisms, including bacteria, yeast, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that lipid organisation is evolutionarily conserved. In this review, we summarise the importance and function of specific lipid domains in main cellular organelles and discuss recent advances that investigate how these specific and highly regulated structures contribute to diverse biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001 and Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giulio Preta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun L, Chen L, Bai L, Xia Y, Yang X, Jiang W, Sun W. Reactive oxygen species mediates 50-Hz magnetic field-induced EGF receptor clustering via acid sphingomyelinase activation. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:678-684. [PMID: 29659325 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1466208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) could elicit biological effects including carcinogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms by which these ELF-EMFs interact with biological system are currently unclear. Previously, we found that a 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) exposure could induce epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clustering and phosphorylation on cell membranes. In the present experiment, the possible roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MF-induced EGFR clustering were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human amnion epithelial (FL) cells were exposed to a 50-Hz MF with or without N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). EGFR clustering on cellular membrane surface was analyzed using confocal microscopy after indirect immunofluorescence staining. The intracellular ROS level and acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity were detected using an ROS assay kit and an Amplex® Red Sphingomyelinase Assay Kit, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that exposure of FL cells to a 50-Hz MF at 0.4 mT for 15 min significantly enhanced the ROS level, induced EGFR clustering and increased ASMase activity. However, pretreatment with NAC or PDTC, the scavenger of ROS, not only counteracted the effects of a 50-Hz MF on ROS level and AMS activity, but also inhibited the EGFR clustering induced by MF exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present and previous data suggest that ROS mediates the MF-induced EGFR clustering via ASMase activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Sun
- a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,b The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Liangjing Chen
- a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lina Bai
- a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yongpeng Xia
- a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wei Jiang
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- a Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,c Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
López-Ortega O, Santos-Argumedo L. Myosin 1g Contributes to CD44 Adhesion Protein and Lipid Rafts Recycling and Controls CD44 Capping and Cell Migration in B Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1731. [PMID: 29321775 PMCID: PMC5732150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and adhesion are critical for immune system function and involve many proteins, which must be continuously transported and recycled in the cell. Recycling of adhesion molecules requires the participation of several proteins, including actin, tubulin, and GTPases, and of membrane components such as sphingolipids and cholesterol. However, roles of actin motor proteins in adhesion molecule recycling are poorly understood. In this study, we identified myosin 1g as one of the important motor proteins that drives recycling of the adhesion protein CD44 in B lymphocytes. We demonstrate that the lack of Myo1g decreases the cell-surface levels of CD44 and of the lipid raft surrogate GM1. In cells depleted of Myo1g, the recycling of CD44 was delayed, the delay seems to be caused at the level of formation of recycling complex and entry into recycling endosomes. Moreover, a defective lipid raft recycling in Myo1g-deficient cells had an impact both on the capping of CD44 and on cell migration. Both processes required the transportation of lipid rafts to the cell surface to deliver signaling components. Furthermore, the extramembrane was essential for cell expansion and remodeling of the plasma membrane topology. Therefore, Myo1g is important during the recycling of lipid rafts to the membrane and to the accompanied proteins that regulate plasma membrane plasticity. Thus, Myosin 1g contributes to cell adhesion and cell migration through CD44 recycling in B lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestes López-Ortega
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sezgin E, Levental I, Mayor S, Eggeling C. The mystery of membrane organization: composition, regulation and roles of lipid rafts. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:361-374. [PMID: 28356571 PMCID: PMC5500228 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1264] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular plasma membranes are laterally heterogeneous, featuring a variety of distinct subcompartments that differ in their biophysical properties and composition. A large number of studies have focused on understanding the basis for this heterogeneity and its physiological relevance. The membrane raft hypothesis formalized a physicochemical principle for a subtype of such lateral membrane heterogeneity, in which the preferential associations between cholesterol and saturated lipids drive the formation of relatively packed (or ordered) membrane domains that selectively recruit certain lipids and proteins. Recent studies have yielded new insights into this mechanism and its relevance in vivo, owing primarily to the development of improved biochemical and biophysical technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Seong J, Huang M, Sim KM, Kim H, Wang Y. FRET-based Visualization of PDGF Receptor Activation at Membrane Microdomains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1593. [PMID: 28487538 PMCID: PMC5431615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) senses extracellular growth factors and transfer the signals inside the cells regulating cell proliferation, migration and survival. It has been controversial at which membrane microdomains PDGFRs reside and how they control such diverse intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we developed a novel PDGFR biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which can detect the real-time PDGFR activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolutions. To study subcellular PDGFR activity at membrane microdomains, this PDGFR biosensor was further targeted in or outside lipid rafts via different lipid modification signals. The results suggest that, in response to PDGF stimulation, PDGFR activity is evenly distributed at different membrane microdomains, while integrin-mediated signaling events have inhibitory effects on the activation of PDGFR specifically located in lipid rafts but not outside rafts, implying the role of lipid microdomains as segregated signaling platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Seong
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea. .,Biological Chemistry Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea. .,Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kyoung Mi Sim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyunbin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chasen NM, Asady B, Lemgruber L, Vommaro RC, Kissinger JC, Coppens I, Moreno SNJ. A Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Carbonic Anhydrase-Related Protein of Toxoplasma gondii Is Important for Rhoptry Biogenesis and Virulence. mSphere 2017; 2:e00027-17. [PMID: 28529974 PMCID: PMC5437132 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00027-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs) have previously been described as catalytically inactive proteins closely related to α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs). These CARPs are found in animals (both vertebrates and invertebrates) and viruses as either independent proteins or domains of other proteins. We report here the identification of a new CARP (TgCA_RP) in the unicellular organism Toxoplasma gondii that is related to the recently described η-class CA found in Plasmodium falciparum. TgCA_RP is posttranslationally modified at its C terminus with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor that is important for its localization in intracellular tachyzoites. The protein localizes throughout the rhoptry bulbs of mature tachyzoites and to the outer membrane of nascent rhoptries in dividing tachyzoites, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using specific antibodies. T. gondii mutant tachyzoites lacking TgCA_RP display a growth and invasion phenotype in vitro and have atypical rhoptry morphology. The mutants also exhibit reduced virulence in a mouse model. Our results show that TgCA_RP plays an important role in the biogenesis of rhoptries. IMPORTANCEToxoplasma gondii is an intracellular pathogen that infects humans and animals. The pathogenesis of T. gondii is linked to its lytic cycle, which starts when tachyzoites invade host cells and secrete proteins from specialized organelles. Once inside the host cell, the parasite creates a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) where it divides. Rhoptries are specialized secretory organelles that contain proteins, many of which are secreted during invasion. These proteins have important roles not only during the initial interaction between parasite and host but also in the formation of the PV and in the modification of the host cell. We report here the identification of a new T. gondii carbonic anhydrase-related protein (TgCA_RP), which localizes to rhoptries of mature tachyzoites. TgCA_RP is important for the morphology of rhoptries and for invasion and growth of parasites. TgCA_RP is also critical for parasite virulence. We propose that TgCA_RP plays a role in the biogenesis of rhoptries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Chasen
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Beejan Asady
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Inmetro-RJ, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica C. Kissinger
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia N. J. Moreno
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li X, Ding Y, Zi M, Sun L, Zhang W, Chen S, Xu Y. CD19, from bench to bedside. Immunol Lett 2017; 183:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
36
|
Gilbert S, Loranger A, Omary MB, Marceau N. Keratin impact on PKCδ- and ASMase-mediated regulation of hepatocyte lipid raft size - implication for FasR-associated apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3262-73. [PMID: 27422101 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are epithelial cell intermediate filament (IF) proteins that are expressed as pairs in a cell-differentiation-regulated manner. Hepatocytes express the keratin 8 and 18 pair (denoted K8/K18) of IFs, and a loss of K8 or K18, as in K8-null mice, leads to degradation of the keratin partner. We have previously reported that a K8/K18 loss in hepatocytes leads to altered cell surface lipid raft distribution and more efficient Fas receptor (FasR, also known as TNFRSF6)-mediated apoptosis. We demonstrate here that the absence of K8 or transgenic expression of the K8 G62C mutant in mouse hepatocytes reduces lipid raft size. Mechanistically, we find that the lipid raft size is dependent on acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase, also known as SMPD1) enzyme activity, which is reduced in absence of K8/K18. Notably, the reduction of ASMase activity appears to be caused by a less efficient redistribution of surface membrane PKCδ toward lysosomes. Moreover, we delineate the lipid raft volume range that is required for an optimal FasR-mediated apoptosis. Hence, K8/K18-dependent PKCδ- and ASMase-mediated modulation of lipid raft size can explain the more prominent FasR-mediated signaling resulting from K8/K18 loss. The fine-tuning of ASMase-mediated regulation of lipid rafts might provide a therapeutic target for death-receptor-related liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Gilbert
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec (HDQ), Québec, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Anne Loranger
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec (HDQ), Québec, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Normand Marceau
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval and Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec (HDQ), Québec, Canada G1R 2J6
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Varshney P, Yadav V, Saini N. Lipid rafts in immune signalling: current progress and future perspective. Immunology 2016; 149:13-24. [PMID: 27153983 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of proteins and lipids that harbour many receptors and regulatory molecules and so act as a platform for signal transduction. They float freely within the liquid-disordered bilayer of cellular membranes and can cluster to form larger ordered domains. Alterations in lipid rafts are commonly found to be associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases and recent reports have shown that the raft domains can also be perturbed by targeting raft proteins through microRNAs. Over the last few years, the importance of lipid rafts in modulating both innate and acquired immune responses has been elucidated. Various receptors present on immune cells like B cells, T cells, basophils and mast cells associate with lipid rafts on ligand binding and initiate signalling cascades leading to inflammation. Furthermore, disrupting lipid raft integrity alters lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion, IgE signalling, and B-cell and T-cell activation. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent progress in understanding the role of lipid rafts in the modulation of immune signalling and its related therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Varshney
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang Y, Li X, Sun L, Feng B, Sun W. Acid sphingomyelinase mediates 50-Hz magnetic field-induced EGF receptor clustering on lipid raft. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 36:593-600. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1147583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Xingwen Li
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,
- Cixi Sanitary Supervision Station, Cixi, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Liyuan Sun
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Bioelectromagnetics Key Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China,
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McCoy-Simandle K, Hanna SJ, Cox D. Exosomes and nanotubes: Control of immune cell communication. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 71:44-54. [PMID: 26704468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is critical to coordinate the activity and behavior of a multicellular organism. The cells of the immune system not only must communicate with similar cells, but also with many other cell types in the body. Therefore, the cells of the immune system have evolved multiple ways to communicate. Exosomes and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are two means of communication used by immune cells that contribute to immune functions. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types that can mediate intercellular communication and in the immune system they are proposed to play a role in antigen presentation and modulation of gene expression. TNTs are membranous structures that mediate direct cell-cell contact over several cell diameters in length (and possibly longer) and facilitate the interaction and/or the transfer of signals, material and other cellular organelles between connected cells. Recent studies have revealed additional, but sometimes conflicting, structural and functional features of both exosomes and TNTs. Despite the new and exciting information in exosome and TNT composition, origin and in vitro function, biologically significant functions are still being investigated and determined. In this review, we discuss the current field regarding exosomes and TNTs in immune cells providing evaluation and perspectives of the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kessler McCoy-Simandle
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Samer J Hanna
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Gruss MRRC 306, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gruia AT, Suciu M, Barbu-Tudoran L, Azghadi SMR, Cristea MI, Nica DV, Vaduva A, Muntean D, Mic AA, Mic FA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Differentiating to Adipocytes Accumulate Autophagic Vesicles Instead of Functional Lipid Droplets. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:863-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T. Gruia
- Regional Center for Immunology of Transplantation; Clinical Emergency County Hospital; 10 Iosif Bulbuca Blvd. 300736 Timisoara Romania
| | - Maria Suciu
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. 300041 Timisoara Romania
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Azghadi
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. 300041 Timisoara Romania
| | - Mirabela I. Cristea
- Regional Center for Immunology of Transplantation; Clinical Emergency County Hospital; 10 Iosif Bulbuca Blvd. 300736 Timisoara Romania
| | - Dragos V. Nica
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. 300041 Timisoara Romania
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies; Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine; Timisoara Romania
| | - Adrian Vaduva
- Department of Microscopical Morphology-Morphopathology; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara Romania
| | - Danina Muntean
- Department of Pathophysiology; “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara; 14 Tudor Vladimirescu st. 300173 Timisoara Romania
| | - Ani Aurora Mic
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. 300041 Timisoara Romania
- INCD “Victor Babes” Bucuresti; Romania
| | - Felix A. Mic
- Department of Functional Sciences; “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. 300041 Timisoara Romania
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rees JS, Li XW, Perrett S, Lilley KS, Jackson AP. Protein Neighbors and Proximity Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2848-56. [PMID: 26355100 PMCID: PMC4638030 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r115.052902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Within cells, proteins can co-assemble into functionally integrated and spatially restricted multicomponent complexes. Often, the affinities between individual proteins are relatively weak, and proteins within such clusters may interact only indirectly with many of their other protein neighbors. This makes proteomic characterization difficult using methods such as immunoprecipitation or cross-linking. Recently, several groups have described the use of enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling reagents that covalently tag the neighbors of a targeted protein with a small molecule such as fluorescein or biotin. The modified proteins can then be isolated by standard pulldown methods and identified by mass spectrometry. Here we will describe the techniques as well as their similarities and differences. We discuss their applications both to study protein assemblies and to provide a new way for characterizing organelle proteomes. We stress the importance of proteomic quantitation and independent target validation in such experiments. Furthermore, we suggest that there are biophysical and cell-biological principles that dictate the appropriateness of enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling methods to address particular biological questions of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Rees
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QW, the §Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QR, and
| | - Xue-Wen Li
- the ‖National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sarah Perrett
- the ‖National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- the §Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QR, and
| | - Antony P Jackson
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QW,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Effect of Leflunomide on the Abnormal Expression of Lipid Rafts and F-Actin in B Lymphocytes from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:832916. [PMID: 26090500 PMCID: PMC4452103 DOI: 10.1155/2015/832916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purposes. To investigate the possible changes in B cell subsets and in B cell expression patterns of lipid rafts (LRs) and F-actin in patients with SLE and whether leflunomide treatment may have effect on these changes. Methods. The B cell subsets and LRs expression were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and F-actin expression was examined by confocal microscopy. Results. CD27+IgD+ B cell subsets were significantly decreased while CD38+CD95+ B cell subsets increased in SLE patients. The LRs levels of B cells were remarkably increased and positively correlated with SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA titer in SLE patients. The expression level of LRs was significantly higher in CD38+ B cells than CD38− B cells and negatively correlated with C3 levels. The increased expression of LRs was associated with reduced expression of F-actin in the B cells from active SLE patients. Furthermore, in vitro treatment of the cells with A771726 reduced the expression level of LRs, attenuated the overaggregation of LRs, and normalized the distribution of F-actin. Conclusions. There were abnormalities in B cell subsets and LRs and F-actin expression of B cell from SLE patients. Modulation of B cell expression of LRs and F-actin by LEF could be a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu L, Auzins A, Sun X, Xu Y, Harnischfeger F, Lu Y, Li Z, Chen YH, Zheng W, Liu W. The synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is dependent on CD19-PI3K module and cytoskeleton remodeling molecules. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:223-34. [PMID: 25979433 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0614-287rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains are important in the initiation of BCR signaling. Although it is known that lipid rafts promote the coclustering of BCR and Lyn kinase microclusters within the B cell IS, the molecular mechanism of the recruitment of lipid rafts into the B cell IS is not understood completely. Here, we report that the synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is dependent on the cytoskeleton-remodeling proteins, RhoA and Vav. Such an event is also efficiently regulated by motor proteins, myosin IIA and dynein. Further evidence suggests the synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is, by principle, an event triggered by BCR signaling molecules and second messenger molecules. BCR-activating coreceptor CD19 potently enhances such an event depending on its cytoplasmic Tyr421 and Tyr482 residues. The enhancing function of the CD19-PI3K module in synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is also confirmed in human peripheral blood B cells. Thus, these results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the recruitment of lipid raft microdomains in B cell IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Arturs Auzins
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fiona Harnischfeger
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hua Chen
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- *MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang R, Yang J, Chu TW, Hartley JM, Kopeček J. Multimodality imaging of coiled-coil mediated self-assembly in a "drug-free" therapeutic system. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1054-65. [PMID: 25612325 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Two complementary coiled-coil peptides CCE/CCK are used to develop a "drug free" therapeutic system, which can specifically kill cancer cells without a drug. CCE is attached to the Fab' fragment of anti-CD20 1F5 antibody (Fab'-CCE), and CCK is conjugated in multiple grafts to poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (P-(CCK)x ). Two conjugates are consecutively administered: First, Fab'-CCE coats peptide CCE at CD20 antigen of lymphoma cell surface; second, CCE/CCK biorecognition between Fab'-CCE and P-(CCK)x leads to coiled-coil formation, CD20 crosslinking, membrane reorganization, and ultimately cell apoptosis. To prove that two conjugates can assemble at cell surface, multiple fluorescence imaging studies are performed, including 2-channel FMT, 3D confocal microscopy, and 4-color FACS. Confocal microscopy shows colocalization of two fluorescently labeled conjugates on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) Raji cell surface, indicating "two-step" targeting specificity. The fluorescent images also reveal that these two conjugates can disrupt normal membrane lipid distribution and form lipid raft clusters, leading to cancer cell apoptosis. This "two-step" biorecognition capacity is further demonstrated in a NHL xenograft model, using fluorescent images at whole-body, tissue and cell levels. It is also found that delaying injection of P-(CCK)x can significantly enhance targeting efficacy. This high-specificity therapeutics provide a safe option to treat NHL and other B cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Te-Wei Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Hartley
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zheng X, Li AS, Zheng H, Zhao D, Guan D, Zou H. Different associations of CD45 isoforms with STAT3, PKC and ERK regulate IL-6-induced proliferation in myeloma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119780. [PMID: 25781885 PMCID: PMC4363322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulation, both CD45RO and CD45RB, but not CD45RA, translocate to lipid rafts. However, the significance of this distinct translocation and the downstream signals in CD45 isoforms-participated IL-6 signal are not well understood. Using sucrose fractionation, we found that phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT1 were mainly localized in lipid rafts in response to IL-6 stimulation, despite both STAT3 and STAT1 localizing in raft and non-raft fractions in the presence or absence of IL-6. On the other hand, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphorylated ERK were localized in non-raft fractions regardless of the existence of IL-6. The rafts inhibitor significantly impeded the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT1 and nuclear translocation, but had little effect on (and only postponing) the phosphorylation of ERK. This data suggests that lipid raft-dependent STAT3 and STAT1 pathways are dominant pathways of IL-6 signal in myeloma cells. Interestingly, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 but not STAT1 in CD45+ cells was significantly higher compared to that of CD45- cells, while the phosphorylation level of ERK in CD45+ myeloma cells was relatively low. Furthermore, exogenously expressed CD45RO/RB significantly enhanced STAT3, protein kinase C (PKC) and downstream NF-κB activation; however, CD45RA/RB inhibited IL-6-induced ERK phosphorylation. CD45 also enhanced the nuclear localization of STAT3 but not that of STAT1. In response to IL-6 stimulation, CD45RO moved into raft compartments and formed a complex with STAT3 and PKC in raft fraction, while CD45RA remained outside of lipid rafts and formed a complex with ERK in non-raft fraction. This data suggests a different role of CD45 isoforms in IL-6-induced signaling, indicating that while CD45RA/RB seems inhibit the rafts-unrelated ERK pathway, CD45RO/RB may actually work to enhance the rafts-related STAT3 and PKC/NF-κB pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- Department of Oncology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Allison S. Li
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dagang Guan
- Department of Oncology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Department of Oncology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Long J, Tokhunts R, Old WM, Houel S, Rodgriguez-Blanco J, Singh S, Schilling N, J Capobianco A, Ahn NG, Robbins DJ. Identification of a family of fatty-acid-speciated sonic hedgehog proteins, whose members display differential biological properties. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1280-1287. [PMID: 25732819 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) proteins are proteolytically processed into a biologically active form that is covalently modified by cholesterol and palmitate. However, most studies of HH biogenesis have characterized protein from cells in which HH is overexpressed. We purified Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) from cells expressing physiologically relevant levels and showed that it was more potent than SHH isolated from overexpressing cells. Furthermore, the SHH in our preparations was modified with a diverse spectrum of fatty acids on its amino termini, and this spectrum of fatty acids varied dramatically depending on the growth conditions of the cells. The fatty acid composition of SHH affected its trafficking to lipid rafts as well as its potency. Our results suggest that HH proteins exist as a family of diverse lipid-speciated proteins that might be altered in different physiological and pathological contexts in order to regulate distinct properties of HH proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.,The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Robert Tokhunts
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.,Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - William M Old
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Stephane Houel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Jezabel Rodgriguez-Blanco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Samer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Neal Schilling
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.,Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Natalie G Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu T, Liu W, Yang C, Ba X, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zeng X. Lipid raft-associated β
-adducin is required for PSGL-1-mediated neutrophil rolling on P-selectin. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:297-306. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0114-016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
48
|
Abstract
Human germinal center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) is specifically expressed only in germinal center (GC) B lymphocytes and GC-derived lymphomas. HGAL protein decreases lymphocyte motility by inhibiting the ability of myosin to translocate actin via direct interaction with F-actin and myosin II and by activating RhoA signaling via direct interactions with RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors. HGAL protein also regulates B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling by directly binding to and enhancing Syk kinase activity and activation of its downstream effectors. Herein we demonstrate that HGAL protein can be myristoylated and palmitoylated and that these modifications localize HGAL to cellular membrane raft microdomains with distinct consequences for BCR signaling and chemoattractant-induced cell mobility. In BCR signaling, raft localization of HGAL facilitates interaction with Syk and modulation of the BCR activation and signaling, which induces HGAL phosphorylation and redistribution from lipid raft to bulk membrane and cytoplasm, followed by degradation. In contrast, HGAL myristoylation and palmitoylation avert its inhibitory effects on chemoattractant-induced cell motility. These findings further elucidate the growing and complex role of HGAL in B-cell biology and suggest that membrane-bound and cytoplasmic HGAL protein differently regulates distinct biological processes.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kornberg TB. Cytonemes and the dispersion of morphogens. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 3:445-63. [PMID: 25186102 PMCID: PMC4199865 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are cellular protrusions that have been implicated in many types of mechanosensory activities. Morphogens are signaling proteins that regulate the patterned development of embryos and tissues. Both have long histories that date to the beginnings of cell and developmental biology in the early 20th century, but recent findings tie specialized filopodia called cytonemes to morphogen movement and morphogen signaling. This review explores the conceptual and experimental background for a model of paracrine signaling in which the exchange of morphogens between cells is directed to sites where cytonemes directly link cells that produce morphogens to cells that receive and respond to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guo P, Preuett B, Krishna P, Xiao X, Shiota C, Wiersch J, Gaffar I, Tulachan S, El-Gohary Y, Song Z, Gittes G. Barrier function of the coelomic epithelium in the developing pancreas. Mech Dev 2014; 134:67-79. [PMID: 25266457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tight spatial regulation of extracellular morphogen signaling within the close confines of a developing embryo is critical for proper organogenesis. Given the complexity of extracellular signaling in developing organs, together with the proximity of adjacent organs that use disparate signaling pathways, we postulated that a physical barrier to signaling may exist between organs in the embryo. Here we describe a previously unrecognized role for the embryonic coelomic epithelium in providing a physical barrier to contain morphogenic signaling in the developing mouse pancreas. This layer of cells appears to function both to contain key factors required for pancreatic epithelial differentiation, and to prevent fusion of adjacent organs during critical developmental windows. During early foregut development, this barrier appears to play a role in preventing splenic anlage-derived activin signaling from inducing intestinalization of the pancreas-specified epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Barry Preuett
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Prasadan Krishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - John Wiersch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Iliana Gaffar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tulachan
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Elizabeth Health Center, 1044 Belmont Avenue, Youngstown, OH 44501, USA
| | - Yousef El-Gohary
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - George Gittes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|