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Fountas S, Petinaki E, Bolaris S, Kargakou M, Dafopoulos S, Zikopoulos A, Moustakli E, Sotiriou S, Dafopoulos K. The Roles of GDF-9, BMP-15, BMP-4 and EMMPRIN in Folliculogenesis and In Vitro Fertilization. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3775. [PMID: 38999341 PMCID: PMC11242125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) contributes to early ovarian development and oocyte survival. Higher concentrations of GDF-9 in follicular fluid (FF) are associated with oocyte nuclear maturation and optimal embryo development. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), GDF-9 affects the ability of the oocyte to fertilize and subsequent embryonic development. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) is involved in the regulation of ovarian function and affects oocyte development. During IVF, BMP-15 contributes to the formation of competent blastocysts. BMP-15 may play a role in embryo implantation by affecting endometrial receptivity. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) is involved in the regulation of follicle growth and development and affects granulosa cell (GC) differentiation. In relation to IVF, BMP-4 is important for embryonic development, influences cell fate and differentiation, and plays a role in facilitating embryo-endometrial interactions during the implantation process. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is associated with ovulation and follicle rupture, promotes the release of mature eggs, and affects the modification of the extracellular matrix of the follicular environment. In IVF, EMMPRIN is involved in embryo implantation by modulating the adhesive properties of endometrial cells and promotes trophoblastic invasion, which is essential for pregnancy to occur. The purpose of the current article is to review the studies and recent findings of GDF-9, BMP-15, BMP-4 and EMMPRIN as fundamental factors in normal follicular development and in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafeim Fountas
- Fertility and Sterility Unit, Elena Venizelou General-Maternity District Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Stamatis Bolaris
- Fertility and Sterility Unit, Elena Venizelou General-Maternity District Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Magdalini Kargakou
- Fertility and Sterility Unit, Elena Venizelou General-Maternity District Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dafopoulos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Efthalia Moustakli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sotirios Sotiriou
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- ART Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Shim GJ, Lee CO, Lee JT, Jung HM, Kwon TG. Potentiating effect of AMD3100 on bone morphogenetic protein-2 induced bone regeneration. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 46:22. [PMID: 38884872 PMCID: PMC11183024 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-024-00431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, is currently prescribed for activating the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, AMD3100 was shown to potentiate bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-induced bone formation by stimulating the trafficking of mesenchymal cells. However, optimization of the strategic combination of AMD3100 and BMP-2 has not yet been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMD3100 on BMP-2-induced bone regeneration in vitro and in a mouse calvarial defect healing model. METHODS In vitro osteoblastic differentiation and cell migration after sequential treatments with AMD3100 and BMP-2 were analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and calcium accumulation. Migration capacity was evaluated after treating mesenchymal cells with AMD3100 and/or BMP-2. A critical-size calvarial defect model was used to evaluate bone formation after sequential or continuous treatment with AMD3100 and BMP-2. The degree of bone formation in the defect was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining. RESULTS Compared with single treatment using either AMD3100 or BMP-2 alone, sequential treatment with AMD3100 followed by BMP-2 on mesenchymal cells increased osteogenic differentiation. Application of AMD3100 and subsequent BMP-2 significantly activated cell migration on mesenchymal cell than BMP-2 alone or AMD3100 alone. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis showed that continuous intraperitoneal (IP) injection of AMD3100 resulted significantly increased new bone formation in BMP-2 loaded scaffold in calvarial defect than control groups without AMD3100 IP injection. Additionally, both single IP injection of AMD3100 and subsequent BMP-2 injection to the scaffold in calvarial defect showed pronounced new bone formation compared to continuous BMP-2 treatment without AMD3100 treatment. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that single or continuous injection of AMD3100 can potentiate BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation and bone regeneration. This strategic combination of AMD3100 and BMP-2 may be a promising therapy for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Jo Shim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, and Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung O Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, and Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Tae Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, and Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Moon Jung
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geon Kwon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, and Kyungpook National University Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Siljamäki E, Riihilä P, Suwal U, Nissinen L, Rappu P, Kallajoki M, Kähäri VM, Heino J. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling, invasion, and growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by PLX8394. Oncogene 2023; 42:3633-3647. [PMID: 37864034 PMCID: PMC10691969 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. The prognosis of patients with metastatic cSCC is poor emphasizing the need for new therapies. We have previously reported that the activation of Ras/MEK/ERK1/2 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad2 signaling in transformed keratinocytes and cSCC cells leads to increased accumulation of laminin-332 and accelerated invasion. Here, we show that the next-generation B-Raf inhibitor PLX8394 blocks TGF-β signaling in ras-transformed metastatic epidermal keratinocytes (RT3 cells) harboring wild-type B-Raf and hyperactive Ras. PLX8394 decreased phosphorylation of TGF-β receptor II and Smad2, as well as p38 activity, MMP-1 and MMP-13 synthesis, and laminin-332 accumulation. PLX8394 significantly inhibited the growth of human cSCC tumors and in vivo collagen degradation in xenograft model. In conclusion, our data indicate that PLX8394 inhibits several serine-threonine kinases in malignantly transformed human keratinocytes and cSCC cells and inhibits cSCC invasion and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. We identify PLX8394 as a potential therapeutic compound for advanced human cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Siljamäki
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ujjwal Suwal
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Rappu
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Heino
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Life Technologies and InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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Takase K, Fukui T, Oe K, Sawauchi K, Yoshikawa R, Yamamoto Y, Hayashi S, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R, Niikura T. Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteogenic differentiation of human induced membrane-derived cells in Masquelet technique. Injury 2023:S0020-1383(23)00343-1. [PMID: 37062672 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Masquelet technique is a relatively new method for large bone defect treatment. In this technique, grafted bone tissue is used, and after the cement is removed, the induced membrane (IM; that form around the cement spacers placed in the bone defect region) is thought to play an important role in promoting bone formation. On the other hand, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is known to promote fracture healing and angiogenesis through mechanical stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation of human induced membrane-derived cells (IMCs). METHODS Seven patients who had been treated using the Masquelet technique were enrolled. The IM was harvested during the second stage of the technique. IMCs were isolated, cultured in growth medium, and then divided into two groups: (1) control group, IMCs cultured in osteogenic medium without LIPUS, and (2) LIPUS group, IMCs cultured in osteogenic medium with LIPUS treatment. Adherent cells from the IM samples were harvested after the first passage and evaluated for cell surface protein expression using immunostaining. A cell proliferation assay was used to count the number of IMCs using a hemocytometer. Osteogenic differentiation capability was assessed using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red S staining, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cell surface antigen profiling revealed that the IMCs contained cells positive for the mesenchymal stem cell-related markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. No significant difference in cell numbers was found between the control and LIPUS groups. The ALP activity of IMCs in the LIPUS group was significantly higher than that in the control group on days 7 and 14. Alizarin red S staining intensity was significantly higher in the LIPUS group than in the control group on day 21. Runx2 and VEGF expression was significantly upregulated on days 7 and 14, respectively, compared with levels in the control group. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the significant effect of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation of human IMCs. This study indicates that LIPUS can be used as an additional tool for the enhancement of the healing process of the Masquelet technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Takase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fukui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sawauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuya Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, 13-9 Rokutanji-cho, Nishinomiya 662-0918, Japan.
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Wang P, Meng X, Xue J, Fan C, Wang J. Genome-wide analysis for nanofiber induced global gene expression profile: A study in MC3T3-E1 cells by RNA-Seq. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113143. [PMID: 36682297 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers are one of the attractive biomaterials that can provide unique environments to direct cell behaviors. However, how nanofiber structure affects the global gene expression of laden cells remains unclear. Herein, high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is applied to analyze the transcriptome of the MC3T3-E1 cells (a model osteoblast cell line) cultured on electrospun nanofibers. The cell-adhesive poly(L-lactide) nanofibers and membranes are developed by the mussel-inspired coating of gelatin-dopamine conjugate under H2O2-mediated oxidation. The MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on nanofibers exhibit elongated morphology and increased proliferation compared with those on membranes. The differences in global gene expression profiles are determined by RNA-seq, in which 905 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified. Significantly, the DEGs related to cytoskeleton, promotion of cell cycle progression, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation, are higher expressed in the cells on nanofibers, while the DEGs involved in cell-cycle arrest and osteoblast mineralization are up-regulated in the cells on membranes. This study elucidates the roles of nanofiber structure in affecting gene expression of laden cells at the whole transcriptome level, and it will lay the foundation for understanding nanofiber-guided cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyue Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Changjiang Fan
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, PR China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, PR China.
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Rux D, Helbig K, Han B, Cortese C, Koyama E, Han L, Pacifici M. Primary Cilia Direct Murine Articular Cartilage Tidemark Patterning Through Hedgehog Signaling and Ambulatory Load. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1097-1116. [PMID: 35060644 PMCID: PMC9177786 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) is essential for body movement but is highly susceptible to degenerative diseases and has poor self-repair capacity. To improve current subpar regenerative treatments, developmental mechanisms of AC should be clarified and, specifically, how its postnatal multizone organization is acquired. Primary cilia are cell surface organelles crucial for mammalian tissue morphogenesis. Although their importance for chondrocyte function is appreciated, their specific roles in postnatal AC morphogenesis remain unclear. To explore these mechanisms, we used a murine conditional loss-of-function approach (Ift88-flox) targeting joint-lineage progenitors (Gdf5Cre) and monitored postnatal knee AC development. Joint formation and growth up to juvenile stages were largely unaffected. However, mature AC (aged 2 months) exhibited disorganized extracellular matrix, decreased aggrecan and collagen II due to reduced gene expression (not increased catabolism), and marked reduction of AC modulus by 30%-50%. In addition, and unexpectedly, we discovered that tidemark patterning was severely disrupted, as was hedgehog signaling, and exhibited specificity based on regional load-bearing functions of AC. Interestingly, Prg4 expression was markedly increased in highly loaded sites in mutants. Together, our data provide evidence that primary cilia orchestrate postnatal AC morphogenesis including tidemark topography, zonal matrix composition, and ambulation load responses. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rux
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Helbig
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney Cortese
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Aykul S, Huang L, Wang L, Das NM, Reisman S, Ray Y, Zhang Q, Rothman NJ, Nannuru KC, Kamat V, Brydges S, Troncone L, Johnsen L, Yu PB, Fazio S, Lees-Shepard J, Schutz K, Murphy AJ, Economides AN, Idone V, Hatsell SJ. ACVR1 antibodies exacerbate heterotopic ossification in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) by activating FOP-mutant ACVR1. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:153792. [PMID: 35511419 PMCID: PMC9197526 DOI: 10.1172/jci153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder whose most debilitating pathology is progressive and cumulative heterotopic ossification (HO) of skeletal muscles, ligaments, tendons, and fascia. FOP is caused by mutations in the type I BMP receptor gene ACVR1, which enable ACVR1 to utilize its natural antagonist, activin A, as an agonistic ligand. The physiological relevance of this property is underscored by the fact that HO in FOP is exquisitely dependent on activation of FOP-mutant ACVR1 by activin A, an effect countered by inhibition of anti–activin A via monoclonal antibody treatment. Hence, we surmised that anti-ACVR1 antibodies that block activation of ACVR1 by ligands should also inhibit HO in FOP and provide an additional therapeutic option for this condition. Therefore, we generated anti-ACVR1 monoclonal antibodies that block ACVR1’s activation by its ligands. Surprisingly, in vivo, these anti-ACVR1 antibodies stimulated HO and activated signaling of FOP-mutant ACVR1. This property was restricted to FOP-mutant ACVR1 and resulted from anti-ACVR1 antibody–mediated dimerization of ACVR1. Conversely, wild-type ACVR1 was inhibited by anti-ACVR1 antibodies. These results uncover an additional property of FOP-mutant ACVR1 and indicate that anti-ACVR1 antibodies should not be considered as therapeutics for FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Aykul
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Lily Huang
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Lili Wang
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Nanditha M Das
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Sandra Reisman
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Yonaton Ray
- Department of Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Aging/Age-Related Disorders, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Nyanza J Rothman
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Kalyan C Nannuru
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Vishal Kamat
- Department of Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Susannah Brydges
- Velocigene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Luca Troncone
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Laura Johnsen
- Research Program Management, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Paul B Yu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Research Council, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - John Lees-Shepard
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Kevin Schutz
- Antibody Engineering, Adimab, Lebanon, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarryrtown, United States of America
| | - Aris N Economides
- Genome Engineering Technologies, and Skeletal Diseases, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Vincent Idone
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
| | - Sarah J Hatsell
- Skeletal Diseases Therapeutic Focus Area, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States of America
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Komori T, Ji Y, Pham H, Jani P, Kilts TM, Kram V, Li L, Young MF. Type
VI
collagen regulates endochondral ossification in the temporomandibular joint. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10617. [PMID: 35509631 PMCID: PMC9059467 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years there has been a keen interest in developing regenerative treatment for temporomandibular joint–osteoarthritis (TMJ‐OA). Currently, there is no consensus treatment due to the limited self‐healing ability of articular cartilage and lack of understanding of the complex mechanisms regulating cartilage development in the TMJ. Endochondral ossification, the process of subchondral bone formation through chondrocyte differentiation, is critical for TMJ growth and development, and is tightly regulated by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Type VI collagen is a highly expressed ECM component in the TMJ cartilage, yet its specific functions are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated α2(VI)‐deficient (Col6a2‐knockout [KO]) mice, which are unable to secret or incorporate type VI collagen into their ECM. Compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, the TMJ condyles of Col6a2‐KO mice exhibit decreased bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and a larger bone marrow space, suggesting the α2(VI)‐deficient condyles have a failure in endochondral ossification. Differentiating chondrocytes are the main source of bone cells during endochondral ossification. Our study shows there is an increased number of chondrocytes in the proliferative zone and decreased Col10‐expressing chondrocytes in Col6a2‐KO cartilage, all pointing to abnormal chondrocyte differentiation and maturation. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis identified distinct gene expression profiles related to cell cycle and ECM organization that were altered in the mutant condyles. These data also suggest that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) activity was deregulated during chondrocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated an upregulation of Col2 and Acan expression in Col6a2‐KO cartilage. Moreover, the expression of pSmad1/5/8 and Runx2 was decreased in the Col6a2‐KO cartilage compared with WT controls. Taken together, our data indicate that type VI collagen expressed in the TMJ cartilage is important for endochondral ossification, possibly by modulating the ECM and altering/disrupting signaling pathways important for TMJ chondrocyte differentiation. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Komori
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Youngmi Ji
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Hai Pham
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Priyam Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Tina M. Kilts
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Li Li
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
| | - Marian F. Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland US
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Sugii H, Albougha MS, Adachi O, Tomita H, Tomokiyo A, Hamano S, Hasegawa D, Yoshida S, Itoyama T, Maeda H. Activin A Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13491. [PMID: 34948289 PMCID: PMC8704413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation and promotes tissue healing. Previously, we reported that expression of activin A was upregulated around the damaged periodontal tissue including periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and alveolar bone, and activin A promoted PDL-related gene expression of human PDL cells (HPDLCs). However, little is known about the biological function of activin A in alveolar bone. Thus, this study analyzed activin A-induced biological functions in preosteoblasts (Saos2 cells). Activin A promoted osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells. Activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1, an activin type I receptor, was more strongly expressed in Saos2 cells than in HPDLCs, and knockdown of ALK1 inhibited activin A-induced osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells. Expression of ALK1 was upregulated in alveolar bone around damaged periodontal tissue when compared with a nondamaged site. Furthermore, activin A promoted phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 during osteoblastic differentiation of Saos2 cells and knockdown of ALK1 inhibited activin A-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 in Saos2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that activin A promotes osteoblastic differentiation of preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 pathway and could be used as a therapeutic product for the healing of alveolar bone as well as PDL tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Mhd Safwan Albougha
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Orie Adachi
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiroka Tomita
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
- OBT Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Tomohiro Itoyama
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.S.A.); (O.A.); (H.T.); (S.H.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (S.Y.); (T.I.)
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10
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Dronkers E, van Herwaarden T, van Brakel TJ, Sanchez-Duffhues G, Goumans MJ, Smits AM. Activin A and ALK4 Identified as Novel Regulators of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Epicardial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765007. [PMID: 34977017 PMCID: PMC8716764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, the mesothelial layer covering the heart, is a crucial cell source for cardiac development and repair. It provides cells and biochemical signals to the heart to facilitate vascularization and myocardial growth. An essential element of epicardial behavior is epicardial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (epiMT), which is the initial step for epicardial cells to become motile and invade the myocardium. To identify targets to optimize epicardium-driven repair of the heart, it is vital to understand which pathways are involved in the regulation of epiMT. Therefore, we established a cell culture model for human primary adult and fetal epiMT, which allows for parallel testing of inhibitors and stimulants of specific pathways. Using this approach, we reveal Activin A and ALK4 signaling as novel regulators of epiMT, independent of the commonly accepted EMT inducer TGFβ. Importantly, Activin A was able to induce epicardial invasion in cultured embryonic mouse hearts. Our results identify Activin A/ALK4 signaling as a modulator of epicardial plasticity which may be exploitable in cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Dronkers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tessa van Herwaarden
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J van Brakel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anke M Smits
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Anke M Smits,
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11
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Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling promotes osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and induces regeneration of periodontal tissues. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105323. [PMID: 34896864 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few clinical treatments to regenerate periodontal tissue lost due to severe endodontic and periodontal disease have yet been developed. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods for the regeneration of periodontal tissue is expected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, on the osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro, and the function of SP600125 on the regeneration of alveolar bone in vivo. DESIGN Alizarin red S staining, quantitative RT-PCR, and western blotting analysis was performed to determine whether SP600125 affects osteoblastic differentiation of human PDLSCs (HPDLSCs) and bone-related intracellular signaling. The effect of SP600125 on the regeneration of alveolar bone was assessed by using a rat periodontal defect model. The healing of periodontal defects was evaluated using micro-CT scans and histological analysis. RESULTS SP600125 promoted the osteoblastic differentiation such as Alizarin red S-positive mineralized nodule formation and the expression of osteoblast-related genes in HPDLSCs under osteogenic conditions. In addition, this inhibitor upregulated the BMP2 expression and the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in HPDLSCs under the same conditions. The inhibition of Smad1/5/8 signaling by LDN193189 suppressed the SP600125-induced osteoblastic differentiation of HPDLSCs. Furthermore, the application of SP600125 promoted the regeneration of not only alveolar bone but also PDL tissue in periodontal defects. CONCLUSION This study suggested that inhibition of JNK signaling promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of HPDLSCs through BMP2-Smad1/5/8 signaling, leading to the regeneration of periodontal tissues such as alveolar bone and PDL tissue.
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12
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Zheng M, Erhardt S, Ai D, Wang J. Bmp Signaling Regulates Hand1 in a Dose-Dependent Manner during Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189835. [PMID: 34576009 PMCID: PMC8465227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling pathway and the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor Hand1 are known key regulators of cardiac development. In this study, we investigated the Bmp signaling regulation of Hand1 during cardiac outflow tract (OFT) development. In Bmp2 and Bmp4loss-of-function embryos with varying levels of Bmp in the heart, Hand1 is sensitively decreased in response to the dose of Bmp expression. In contrast, Hand1 in the heart is dramatically increased in Bmp4 gain-of-function embryos. We further identified and characterized the Bmp/Smad regulatory elements in Hand1. Combined transfection assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicated that Hand1 is directly activated and bound by Smads. In addition, we found that upon the treatment of Bmp2 and Bmp4, P19 cells induced Hand1 expression and favored cardiac differentiation. Together, our data indicated that the Bmp signaling pathway directly regulates Hand1 expression in a dose-dependent manner during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Di Ai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Mollentze J, Durandt C, Pepper MS. An In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9919361. [PMID: 34539793 PMCID: PMC8443361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering and transplantation, has generated a great deal of enthusiasm. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues, most commonly, bone marrow but more recently adipose tissue, dental pulp, and Wharton's jelly, to name a few. MSCs display varying phenotypic profiles and osteogenic differentiating capacity depending and their site of origin. MSCs have been successfully differentiated into osteoblasts both in vitro an in vivo but discrepancies exist when the two are compared: what happens in vitro does not necessarily happen in vivo, and it is therefore important to understand why these differences occur. The osteogenic process is a complex network of transcription factors, stimulators, inhibitors, proteins, etc., and in vivo experiments are helpful in evaluating the various aspects of this osteogenic process without distractions and confounding variables. With that in mind, the results of in vitro experiments need to be carefully considered and interpreted with caution as they do not perfectly replicate the conditions found within living organisms. This is where in vivo experiments help us better understand interactions that might occur in the osteogenic process that cannot be replicated in vitro. Potentially, these differences could also be exploited to develop an optimal MSC cell therapeutic product that can be used for bone disorders. There are many bone disorders, most of which cause a great deal of discomfort. Clinically acceptable protocols could be developed in which MSCs are used to aid in bone regeneration providing relief for patients with chronic pain. The aim of this review is to examine the differences between studies conducted in vitro and in vivo with regard to the osteogenic process to better define the gaps in current osteogenic research. By better understanding osteogenic differentiation, we can better define treatment strategies for various bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Mollentze
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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14
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El-Rashidy AA, El Moshy S, Radwan IA, Rady D, Abbass MMS, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Effect of Polymeric Matrix Stiffness on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: Concise Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2950. [PMID: 34502988 PMCID: PMC8434088 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have a multi-differentiation potential into specialized cell types, with remarkable regenerative and therapeutic results. Several factors could trigger the differentiation of MSCs into specific lineages, among them the biophysical and chemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including its stiffness, composition, topography, and mechanical properties. MSCs can sense and assess the stiffness of extracellular substrates through the process of mechanotransduction. Through this process, the extracellular matrix can govern and direct MSCs' lineage commitment through complex intracellular pathways. Hence, various biomimetic natural and synthetic polymeric matrices of tunable stiffness were developed and further investigated to mimic the MSCs' native tissues. Customizing scaffold materials to mimic cells' natural environment is of utmost importance during the process of tissue engineering. This review aims to highlight the regulatory role of matrix stiffness in directing the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, addressing how MSCs sense and respond to their ECM, in addition to listing different polymeric biomaterials and methods used to alter their stiffness to dictate MSCs' differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiah A. El-Rashidy
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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15
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Zolty R. Novel Experimental Therapies for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:817-857. [PMID: 34429666 PMCID: PMC8380049 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s236743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and devastating disease characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling leading to vascular rarefaction with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. Often PAH will cause death from right heart failure. Current PAH-targeted therapies improve functional capacity, pulmonary hemodynamics and reduce hospitalization. Nevertheless, today PAH still remains incurable and is often refractory to medical therapy, underscoring the need for further research. Over the last three decades, PAH has evolved from a disease of unknown pathogenesis devoid of effective therapy to a condition whose cellular, genetic and molecular underpinnings are unfolding. This article provides an update on current knowledge and summarizes the progression in recent advances in pharmacological therapy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Zolty
- Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lied Transplant Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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16
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Inhibiting Endothelial Cell Function in Normal and Tumor Angiogenesis Using BMP Type I Receptor Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122951. [PMID: 34204675 PMCID: PMC8231556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, i.e., the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing endothelial cell (EC)-lined vessels, is critical for tissue development and also contributes to neovascularization-related diseases, such as cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are among many secreted cytokines that regulate EC function. While several pharmacological anti-angiogenic agents have reached the clinic, further improvement is needed to increase clinical efficacy and to overcome acquired therapy resistance. More insights into the functional consequences of targeting specific pathways that modulate blood vessel formation may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Here, we synthesized and identified two macrocyclic small molecular compounds termed OD16 and OD29 that inhibit BMP type I receptor (BMPRI)-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and downstream gene expression in ECs. Of note, OD16 and OD29 demonstrated higher specificity against BMPRI activin receptor-like kinase 1/2 (ALK1/2) than the commonly used small molecule BMPRI kinase inhibitor LDN-193189. OD29, but not OD16, also potently inhibited VEGF-induced extracellular regulated kinase MAP kinase phosphorylation in ECs. In vitro, OD16 and OD29 exerted strong inhibition of BMP9 and VEGF-induced ECs migration, invasion and cord formation. Using Tg (fli:EGFP) zebrafish embryos, we found that OD16 and OD29 potently antagonized dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV), intra segmental vessel (ISV), and subintestinal vessel (SIV) formation during embryonic development. Moreover, the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell-induced tumor angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos was significantly decreased by OD16 and OD29. Both macrocyclic compounds might provide a steppingstone for the development of novel anti-angiogenesis therapeutic agents.
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Teramachi J, Tenshin H, Hiasa M, Oda A, Bat-Erdene A, Harada T, Nakamura S, Ashtar M, Shimizu S, Iwasa M, Sogabe K, Oura M, Fujii S, Kagawa K, Miki H, Endo I, Haneji T, Matsumoto T, Abe M. TAK1 is a pivotal therapeutic target for tumor progression and bone destruction in myeloma. Haematologica 2021; 106:1401-1413. [PMID: 32273474 PMCID: PMC8094086 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.234476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with tumor progression, the bone marrow microenvironment is skewed in multiple myeloma (MM), which underlies the unique pathophysiology of MM and confers aggressiveness and drug resistance in MM cells. TGF-b-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) mediates a wide range of intracellular signaling pathways. We demonstrate here that TAK1 is constitutively overexpressed and phosphorylated in MM cells, and that TAK1 inhibition suppresses the activation of NF-κB, p38MAPK, ERK and STAT3 in order to decrease the expression of critical mediators for MM growth and survival, including PIM2, MYC, Mcl- 1, IRF4, and Sp1, along with a substantial reduction in the angiogenic factor VEGF in MM cells. Intriguingly, TAK1 phosphorylation was also induced along with upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in cocultures with MM cells, which facilitated MM cell-BMSC adhesion while inducing IL-6 production and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) expression by BMSC. TAK1 inhibition effectively impaired MM cell adhesion to BMSC to disrupt the support of MM cell growth and survival by BMSC. Furthermore, TAK1 inhibition suppressed osteoclastogenesis enhanced by RANKL in cocultures of bone marrow cells with MM cells, and restored osteoblastic differentiation suppressed by MM cells or inhibitory factors for osteoblastogenesis overproduced in MM. Finally, treatment with the TAK1 inhibitor LLZ1640-2 markedly suppressed MM tumor growth and prevented bone destruction and loss in mouse MM models. Therefore, TAK1 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic option targeting not only MM cells but also the skewed bone marrow microenvironment in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Teramachi
- Dept. of Histology-Oral Histology and Dept. of Hematology, Tokushima University,Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tenshin
- Dept. of Hematology and Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Dept. of Hematology and Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ariunzaya Bat-Erdene
- Dept of Hematology, Tokushima University and University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mohannad Ashtar
- Dept. of Hematology and Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,Tokushima University, Japan
| | - So Shimizu
- Dept. of Hematology and Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Masami Iwasa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Sogabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oura
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Miki
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Chronomedicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Haneji
- Department of Histology and Oral Histology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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18
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Wan P, Long E, Li Z, Zhu Y, Su W, Zhuo Y. TET-dependent GDF7 hypomethylation impairs aqueous humor outflow and serves as a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1639-1657. [PMID: 33388417 PMCID: PMC8058441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss, affecting more than 70 million individuals worldwide. Circulatory disturbances of aqueous humor (AH) have long been central pathological contributors to glaucomatous lesions. Thus, targeting the AH outflow is a promising approach to treat glaucoma. However, the epigenetic mechanisms initiating AH outflow disorders and the targeted treatments remain to be developed. Studying glaucoma patients, we identified GDF7 (growth differentiation factor 7) hypomethylation as a crucial event in the onset of AH outflow disorders. Regarding the underlying mechanism, the hypomethylated GDF7 promoter was responsible for the increased GDF7 production and secretion in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Excessive GDF7 protein promoted trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis through bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/Smad signaling and upregulated pro-fibrotic genes, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN). GDF7 protein expression formed a positive feedback loop in glaucomatous TM (GTM). This positive feedback loop was dependent on the activated TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzyme, which kept the GDF7 promoter region hypomethylated. The phenotypic transition in TM fortified the AH outflow resistance, thus elevating the intraocular pressure (IOP) and attenuating the nerve fiber layer. This methylation-dependent mechanism is also confirmed by a machine-learning model in silico with a specificity of 84.38% and a sensitivity of 89.38%. In rhesus monkeys, we developed GDF7 neutralization therapy to inhibit TM fibrosis and consequent AH outflow resistance that contributes to glaucoma. The neutralization therapy achieved high-efficiency control of the IOP (from 21.3 ± 0.3 to 17.6 ± 0.2 mmHg), a three-fold improvement in the outflow facility (from 0.1 to 0.3 μL/min · mmHg), and protection of nerve fibers. This study provides new insights into the epigenetic mechanism of glaucoma and proposes an innovative GDF7 neutralization therapy as a promising intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erping Long
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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19
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Chakraborty J, Ghosh S. Cellular Proliferation, Self-Assembly, and Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Silk Fibroin Gelatin-Based 3D Bioprinted Constructs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8309-8320. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Chakraborty
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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20
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Lee H, Seidl C, Sun R, Glinka A, Niehrs C. R-spondins are BMP receptor antagonists in Xenopus early embryonic development. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5570. [PMID: 33149137 PMCID: PMC7642414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays key roles in development, stem cells, adult tissue homeostasis, and disease. How BMP receptors are extracellularly modulated and in which physiological context, is therefore of prime importance. R-spondins (RSPOs) are a small family of secreted proteins that co-activate WNT signaling and function as potent stem cell effectors and oncogenes. Evidence is mounting that RSPOs act WNT-independently but how and in which physiological processes remains enigmatic. Here we show that RSPO2 and RSPO3 also act as BMP antagonists. RSPO2 is a high affinity ligand for the type I BMP receptor BMPR1A/ALK3, and it engages ZNRF3 to trigger internalization and degradation of BMPR1A. In early Xenopus embryos, Rspo2 is a negative feedback inhibitor in the BMP4 synexpression group and regulates dorsoventral axis formation. We conclude that R-spondins are bifunctional ligands, which activate WNT- and inhibit BMP signaling via ZNRF3, with implications for development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Lee
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Ghorbaninejad M, Khademi-Shirvan M, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Epidrugs: novel epigenetic regulators that open a new window for targeting osteoblast differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:456. [PMID: 33115508 PMCID: PMC7594482 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a critical step in the treatment of bone defects and skeletal disorders, which present challenges for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine. Thus, it is necessary to understand the regulatory agents involved in osteogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms are considered to be the primary mediators that regulate gene expression during MSC differentiation. In recent years, epigenetic enzyme inhibitors have been used as epidrugs in cancer therapy. A number of studies mentioned the role of epigenetic inhibitors in the regulation of gene expression patterns related to osteogenic differentiation. This review attempts to provide an overview of the key regulatory agents of osteogenesis: transcription factors, signaling pathways, and, especially, epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, we propose to introduce epigenetic enzyme inhibitors (epidrugs) and their applications as future therapeutic approaches for bone defect regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Khademi-Shirvan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Han S, Kim J, Lee G, Kim D. Mechanical Properties of Materials for Stem Cell Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000247. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Beom Han
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ki Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Lee
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hwee Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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23
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Hoeksma J, van der Zon GCM, Ten Dijke P, den Hertog J. Cercosporamide inhibits bone morphogenetic protein receptor type I kinase activity in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045971. [PMID: 32820031 PMCID: PMC7522027 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish models are well-established tools for investigating the underlying mechanisms of diseases. Here, we identified cercosporamide, a metabolite from the fungus Ascochyta aquiliqiae, as a potent bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) type I kinase inhibitor through a zebrafish embryo phenotypic screen. The developmental defects in zebrafish, including lack of the ventral fin, induced by cercosporamide were strikingly similar to the phenotypes caused by renowned small-molecule BMPR type I kinase inhibitors and inactivating mutations in zebrafish BMPRs. In mammalian cell-based assays, cercosporamide blocked BMP/SMAD-dependent transcriptional reporter activity and BMP-induced SMAD1/5-phosphorylation. Biochemical assays with a panel of purified recombinant kinases demonstrated that cercosporamide directly inhibited kinase activity of type I BMPRs [also called activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs)]. In mammalian cells, cercosporamide selectively inhibited constitutively active BMPR type I-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. Importantly, cercosporamide rescued the developmental defects caused by constitutively active Alk2 in zebrafish embryos. We believe that cercosporamide could be the first of a new class of molecules with potential to be developed further for clinical use against diseases that are causally linked to overactivation of BMPR signaling, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Hoeksma
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C M van der Zon
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Salhotra A, Shah HN, Levi B, Longaker MT. Mechanisms of bone development and repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32901139 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding microenvironment - including inflammatory, endothelial and Schwann cells - persists throughout adulthood, enabling restoration of tissue to its homeostatic functional state. The isolation of a single skeletal stem cell population through cell surface markers and the development of single-cell technologies are enabling precise elucidation of cellular activity and fate during bone repair by providing key insights into the mechanisms that maintain and regenerate bone during homeostasis and repair. Increased understanding of bone development, as well as normal and aberrant bone repair, has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone disease and ageing-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Salhotra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harsh N Shah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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Mang T, Kleinschmidt-Doerr K, Ploeger F, Schoenemann A, Lindemann S, Gigout A. BMPR1A is necessary for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, whereas BMPR1B prevents hypertrophic differentiation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs246934. [PMID: 32764110 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BMP2 stimulates bone formation and signals preferably through BMP receptor (BMPR) 1A, whereas GDF5 is a cartilage inducer and signals preferably through BMPR1B. Consequently, BMPR1A and BMPR1B are believed to be involved in bone and cartilage formation, respectively. However, their function is not yet fully clarified. In this study, GDF5 mutants with a decreased affinity for BMPR1A were generated. These mutants, and wild-type GDF5 and BMP2, were tested for their ability to induce dimerization of BMPR1A or BMPR1B with BMPR2, and for their chondrogenic, hypertrophic and osteogenic properties in chondrocytes, in the multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C3H10T1/2 and the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. Mutants with the lowest potency for inducing BMPR1A-BMPR2 dimerization exhibited minimal chondrogenic and osteogenic activities, indicating that BMPR1A is necessary for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. BMP2, GDF5 and the GDF5 R399E mutant stimulated expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophy markers in C3H10T1/2 cells and chondrocytes. However, GDF5 R399E, which induces the dimerization of BMPR1B and BMPR2 more potently than GDF5 or BMP2, displayed reduced hypertrophic activity. Therefore, we postulate that stronger BMPR1B signaling, compared to BMPR1A signaling, prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy and acts as a cartilage stabilizer during joint morphogenesis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mang
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sven Lindemann
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anne Gigout
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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26
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Justice CM, Cuellar A, Bala K, Sabourin JA, Cunningham ML, Crawford K, Phipps JM, Zhou Y, Cilliers D, Byren JC, Johnson D, Wall SA, Morton JEV, Noons P, Sweeney E, Weber A, Rees KEM, Wilson LC, Simeonov E, Kaneva R, Yaneva N, Georgiev K, Bussarsky A, Senders C, Zwienenberg M, Boggan J, Roscioli T, Tamburrini G, Barba M, Conway K, Sheffield VC, Brody L, Mills JL, Kay D, Sicko RJ, Langlois PH, Tittle RK, Botto LD, Jenkins MM, LaSalle JM, Lattanzi W, Wilkie AOM, Wilson AF, Romitti PA, Boyadjiev SA. A genome-wide association study implicates the BMP7 locus as a risk factor for nonsyndromic metopic craniosynostosis. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1077-1090. [PMID: 32266521 PMCID: PMC7415527 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) for sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNCS) provided important insights into the genetics of midline CS. In this study, we performed a GWAS for a second midline NCS, metopic NCS (mNCS), using 215 non-Hispanic white case-parent triads. We identified six variants with genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 × 10-8): rs781716 (P = 4.71 × 10-9; odds ratio [OR] = 2.44) intronic to SPRY3; rs6127972 (P = 4.41 × 10-8; OR = 2.17) intronic to BMP7; rs62590971 (P = 6.22 × 10-9; OR = 0.34), located ~ 155 kb upstream from TGIF2LX; and rs2522623, rs2573826, and rs2754857, all intronic to PCDH11X (P = 1.76 × 10-8, OR = 0.45; P = 3.31 × 10-8, OR = 0.45; P = 1.09 × 10-8, OR = 0.44, respectively). We performed a replication study of these variants using an independent non-Hispanic white sample of 194 unrelated mNCS cases and 333 unaffected controls; only the association for rs6127972 (P = 0.004, OR = 1.45; meta-analysis P = 1.27 × 10-8, OR = 1.74) was replicated. Our meta-analysis examining single nucleotide polymorphisms common to both our mNCS and sNCS studies showed the strongest association for rs6127972 (P = 1.16 × 10-6). Our imputation analysis identified a linkage disequilibrium block encompassing rs6127972, which contained an enhancer overlapping a CTCF transcription factor binding site (chr20:55,798,821-55,798,917) that was significantly hypomethylated in mesenchymal stem cells derived from fused metopic compared to open sutures from the same probands. This study provides additional insights into genetic factors in midline CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Justice
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHGRI, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Araceli Cuellar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, 4625 2nd Avenue, Research Building II, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Krithi Bala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, 4625 2nd Avenue, Research Building II, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jeremy A Sabourin
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHGRI, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen Crawford
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie M Phipps
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jo C Byren
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven A Wall
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenny E V Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Craniofacial Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Noons
- Birmingham Craniofacial Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sweeney
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England, UK
| | - Astrid Weber
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England, UK
| | - Katie E M Rees
- Clinical Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise C Wilson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emil Simeonov
- National Institute of Pediatrics, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Yaneva
- National Genetic Laboratory, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Maichin Dom", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kiril Georgiev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Assen Bussarsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 'St. Ivan Rilski', Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Craig Senders
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marike Zwienenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James Boggan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Section of Experimental Biology, Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Kristin Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Dr, S416 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lawrence Brody
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, NHGRI, Bethesda, NIHMD, USA
| | - James L Mills
- Epidemiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denise Kay
- Division of Genetics, NYS Department of Health, Wadsworth CenterAlbany, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Sicko
- Division of Genetics, NYS Department of Health, Wadsworth CenterAlbany, NY, USA
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rachel K Tittle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary M Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, and MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Section of Experimental Biology, Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander F Wilson
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHGRI, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 145 N Riverside Dr, S416 CPHB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Simeon A Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, 4625 2nd Avenue, Research Building II, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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27
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Siljamäki E, Rappu P, Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM, Heino J. H-Ras activation and fibroblast-induced TGF-β signaling promote laminin-332 accumulation and invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Matrix Biol 2020; 87:26-47. [PMID: 31655292 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. The molecular basis of cSCC progression to invasive and metastatic disease is still incompletely understood. Here, we show that fibroblasts and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling promote laminin-332 synthesis in cancer cells in an activated H-Ras-dependent manner, which in turn promotes cancer cell invasion. Immunohistochemical analysis of sporadic UV-induced invasive human cSCCs (n = 208) revealed prominent cSCC cell specific immunostaining for laminin-332 γ2 chain, located in the majority of cases (90%, n = 173) in the invasive edge of the tumors. To mimic the progression of cSCC we established 3D spheroid cocultures using primary skin fibroblasts and HaCaT/ras-HaCaT human keratinocytes. Our results indicate that in 3D spheroids, unlike in monolayer cultures, TGF-β upregulates laminin-332 production, but only in cells that harbour oncogenic H-Ras. Accumulation of laminin-332 was prevented by both H-Ras knock down and inhibition of TGF-β signaling by SB431542 or RAdKD-ALK5 kinase-defective adenovirus. Furthermore, fibroblasts accelerated the invasion of ras-HaCaT cells through collagen I gels in a Ras/TGF-β signaling dependent manner. In conclusion, we demonstrate the presence of laminin-332 in the invasive front of cSCC tumors and report a new Ras/TGF-β-dependent mechanism that promotes laminin-332 accumulation and cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Siljamäki
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pekka Rappu
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland; The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Centre Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland; The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Centre Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland; The Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Centre Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Heino
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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28
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Chen R, Hao Z, Chen X, Fu Q, Ma Y. Neuropeptide Y enhances proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:102022. [PMID: 31987472 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, emerging evidence has illustrated the indispensable role of sympathetic neurotransmitters and their receptors in cartilage mediation. The presence of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-positive sympathetic nerve fibres in cartilage and NPY-secretion function in chondrocytes raises the possibility of NPY directly regulating the function of chondrocytes. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the effect of NPY and its receptors on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Results showed NPY, especially at a concentration of 10-10 M, to significantly enhance proliferation of ATDC5 cells. Moreover, NPY effectively facilitated early chondrogenesis and late hypertrophy/mineralisation of ATDC5 cells via Y1 receptor signalling, rather than via Y2 receptor signalling. Taken together, the results help us to understand how NPY and its receptors affect the function of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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29
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Fortin J, Tian R, Zarrabi I, Hill G, Williams E, Sanchez-Duffhues G, Thorikay M, Ramachandran P, Siddaway R, Wong JF, Wu A, Apuzzo LN, Haight J, You-Ten A, Snow BE, Wakeham A, Goldhamer DJ, Schramek D, Bullock AN, Dijke PT, Hawkins C, Mak TW. Mutant ACVR1 Arrests Glial Cell Differentiation to Drive Tumorigenesis in Pediatric Gliomas. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:308-323.e12. [PMID: 32142668 PMCID: PMC7105820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are aggressive pediatric brain tumors for which there is currently no effective treatment. Some of these tumors combine gain-of-function mutations in ACVR1, PIK3CA, and histone H3-encoding genes. The oncogenic mechanisms of action of ACVR1 mutations are currently unknown. Using mouse models, we demonstrate that Acvr1G328V arrests the differentiation of oligodendroglial lineage cells, and cooperates with Hist1h3bK27M and Pik3caH1047R to generate high-grade diffuse gliomas. Mechanistically, Acvr1G328V upregulates transcription factors which control differentiation and DIPG cell fitness. Furthermore, we characterize E6201 as a dual inhibitor of ACVR1 and MEK1/2, and demonstrate its efficacy toward tumor cells in vivo. Collectively, our results describe an oncogenic mechanism of action for ACVR1 mutations, and suggest therapeutic strategies for DIPGs.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Activin Receptors, Type I/chemistry
- Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Glioma/drug therapy
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/pathology
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Lactones/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Oligodendroglia/pathology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- SOXC Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXC Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Fortin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Ruxiao Tian
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ida Zarrabi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Graham Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Midory Thorikay
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Siddaway
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Jong Fu Wong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Annette Wu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lorraine N Apuzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Jillian Haight
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Annick You-Ten
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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30
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Xu T, Luo Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Gu C, Li L, Qian D, Cai W, Fan J, Yin G. Exosomal miRNA-128-3p from mesenchymal stem cells of aged rats regulates osteogenesis and bone fracture healing by targeting Smad5. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32178675 PMCID: PMC7077029 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered an effective therapeutic treatment for a variety of diseases including bone fracture. However, there are associated complications along with MSCs transplantation. There is evidence to show that exosomes (Exos) derived from MSCs exert a similar paracrine function. In addition, repair capabilities of MSCs decline with age. Hence, this study aims to confirm whether the Exos protective function on osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing from aged MSCs was attenuated. This information was used in order to investigate the underlying mechanism. MSCs were successfully isolated and identified from young and aged rats, and Exos were then obtained. Aged-Exos exhibited significantly attenuated effects on MSCs osteogenic differentiation in vitro and facture healing in vivo. Using miRNA array analysis, it was shown that miR-128-3p was markedly upregulated in Aged-Exos. In vitro experiments confirmed that Smad5 is a direct downstream target of miR-128-3p, and was inhibited by overexpressed miR-128-3p. A series gain- and loss- function experiment indicated that miR-128-3P serves a suppressor role in the process of fracture healing. Furthermore, effects caused by miR-128-3P mimic/inhibitor were reversed by the application of Smad5/siSmad5. Taken together, these results suggest that the therapeutic effects of MSCs-derived Exos may vary according to differential expression of miRNAs. Exosomal miR-128-3P antagomir may act as a promising therapeutic strategy for bone fracture healing, especially for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Brązert M, Kranc W, Celichowski P, Ożegowska K, Budna-Tukan J, Jeseta M, Pawelczyk L, Bruska M, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Kempisty B. Novel markers of human ovarian granulosa cell differentiation toward osteoblast lineage: A microarray approach. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4403-4414. [PMID: 31702034 PMCID: PMC6797957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), are responsible for a number of processes associated with folliculogenesis and oogenesis. The primary functions of GCs in the individual phases of follicle growth are: Hormone production in response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), induction of ovarian follicle atresia through specific molecular markers and production of nexus cellular connections for communication with the oocyte. In recent years, interest in obtaining stem cells from particular tissues, including the ovary, has increased. Special attention has been paid to the novel properties of GCs during long‑term in vitro culture. It has been demonstrated that the usually recycled material in the form of follicular fluid can be a source of cells with stem‑like properties. The study group consisted of patients enrolled in the in vitro fertilization procedure. Total RNA was isolated from GCs at 4 time points (after 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of culture) and was used for microarray expression analysis (Affymetrix® Human HgU 219 Array). The expression of 22,480 transcripts was examined. The selection of significantly altered genes was based on a P‑value <0.05 and expression higher than two‑fold. The leucine rich repeat containing 17, collagen type I α1 chain, bone morphogenetic protein 4, twist family bHLH transcription factor 1, insulin like growth factor binding protein 5, GLI family zinc finger 2 and collagen triple helix repeat containing genes exhibited the highest changes in expression. Reverse‑transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed to validate the results obtained in the analysis of expression microarrays. The direction of expression changes was validated in the majority of cases. The presented results indicated that GCs have the potential of cells that can differentiate towards osteoblasts in long‑term in vitro culture conditions. Increased expression of genes associated with the osteogenesis process suggests a potential for uninduced change of GC properties towards the osteoblast phenotype. The present study, therefore, suggests that GCs may become an excellent starting material in obtaining stable osteoblast cultures. GCs differentiated towards osteoblasts may be used in regenerative and reconstructive medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Brązert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ożegowska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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32
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Raja E, Morikawa M, Nishida J, Tanabe R, Takahashi K, Seeherman HJ, Saito N, Todo T, Miyazono K. Tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A6 sensitizes glioma-initiating cells towards bone morphogenetic protein-induced apoptosis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3486-3496. [PMID: 31483918 PMCID: PMC6825014 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays important roles in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal form of brain tumor. BMP reduces GBM tumorigenicity through its differentiation‐ and apoptosis‐inducing effects on glioma‐initiating cells (GIC). However, some GIC do not respond to the tumor suppressive effects of BMP. Using a phosphoreceptor tyrosine kinase array, we found that EPHA6 (erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor A6) phosphorylation was regulated by BMP‐2 signaling in some GIC. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas showed that EPHA6 expression was lower in patients with GBM than in the normal brain, and that high EPHA6 expression was correlated with better prognosis. EPHA6 receptor increased the susceptibility of both sensitive and resistant GIC to BMP‐2‐induced apoptosis. The cooperative effect on apoptosis induction depended on the kinase activity of BMP type I receptor but was independent of EPHA6 kinase function. Overexpression of the EPHA6 receptor in GIC resulted in the formation of a protein complex of EPHA6 receptor and the BMP type I receptor ALK‐2, which was associated with BMP‐induced apoptosis in GIC. Intracranial injection of GIC into nude mice showed that gain‐of‐function of EPHA6 together with BMP‐2 pretreatment slowed GBM tumor progression in the mouse brain and promoted mouse survival. In summary, EPHA6 together with BMP‐2 signaling led to apoptotic cell death in GIC, and thus is a putative tumor suppressor in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Hong S, Hu S, Kang Z, Liu Z, Yang W, Zhang Y, Yang D, Ruan W, Yu G, Sun L, Chen L. Identification of functional lncRNAs based on competing endogenous RNA network in osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2232-2244. [PMID: 31486078 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adult human mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into osteoblast, which plays crucial roles in bone regeneration and repair. Some transcriptional factors (TFs), such as BMP-2 and RUNX2, have been demonstrated to control the differentiation processes. It is important to discover more key regulators in osteoblast differentiation. Recently, some studies found long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participating in osteoblast differentiation, such as MALAT1, DANCR, and ANCR. In this study, we performed a network-based computational analysis to investigate the lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) crosstalks via integrating microRNA (miRNA)-RNA interactions, gene coexpression, and protein-protein interactions. First, multiple topology analyses were performed to osteoblast-differentiation-related lncRNA-mRNA network (ODLMN). Several lncRNAs with central topology structures were identified as key regulators. Results showed that these lncRNAs participated in osteoblast differentiation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ras signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs exert functions by involving in close modules. Second, after performing module searching in ODLMN, two functional modules were identified, which played crucial roles through involving in PI3K/protein kinase B, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathways. Third, a subset of core lncRNA-TF crosstalks that might form feedback loops to control the biological processes in osteoblast differentiation was identified. These core lncRNA-TF feedback loops showed more TF binding affinity than other lncRNAs. All these results can help us to uncover the molecular mechanism and provide new targets for bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hong
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Supei Hu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Weibin Yang
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Wenhui Ruan
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Osteoarthritis Trauma, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Thielen NGM, van der Kraan PM, van Caam APM. TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090969. [PMID: 31450621 PMCID: PMC6769927 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this family include the TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Signaling by this protein family uniquely activates SMAD-dependent signaling and transcription but also activates SMAD-independent signaling via MAPKs such as ERK and TAK1. This review will address the pivotal role of the TGFβ family in cartilage biology by listing several TGFβ family members and describing their signaling and importance for cartilage maintenance. In addition, it is discussed how (pathological) processes such as aging, mechanical stress, and inflammation contribute to altered TGFβ family signaling, leading to disturbed cartilage metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G M Thielen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Xiao M, Yao B, Zhang BD, Bai Y, Sui W, Wang W, Yu Q. Stromal-derived Factor-1α signaling is involved in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla via the Smad and Erk signaling pathways. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Ye F, Xu H, Yin H, Zhao X, Li D, Zhu Q, Wang Y. The role of BMP6 in the proliferation and differentiation of chicken cartilage cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204384. [PMID: 31260450 PMCID: PMC6602178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6 may play an important role in skeletal system development and progression. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of BMP6 in cartilage cell proliferation and differentiation remains unknown. In this study, cartilage cells were isolated from shanks of chicken embryos and treated with different concentrations of Growth Hormone. Cell proliferation potential was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and CCK-8 assays in vitro. The results showed that at 48 h, the Collagen II and BMP6 expression levels in 50 ng/μl GH-treated cartilage cells were significantly higher than in groups treated with 100 ng/μl or 200 ng/μl GH. We further observed that knockdown of BMP6 in cartilage cells led to significantly decreased expression mRNAs and proteins of Collagen II and Collagen X. Moreover, the suppression of BMP6 expression by a specific siRNA led to significantly decreased expression mRNA levels of IGF1R, JAK2, PKC, PTH, IHH and PTHrP and decreased protein levels of PKC, IHH and PTHrP. Taken together, our data suggest that BMP6 may play a critical role in chicken cartilage cell proliferation and differentiation through the regulation of IGF1, JAK2, PKC, PTH, and IHH-PTHrP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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37
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Liu M, Sun F, Feng Y, Sun X, Li J, Fan Q, Liu M. MicroRNA-132-3p represses Smad5 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells under cyclic tensile stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:143-157. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Cruz ACC, Cardozo FTGDS, Magini RDS, Simões CMO. Retinoic acid increases the effect of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180317. [PMID: 30810639 PMCID: PMC6382324 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and retinoic acid (RA) are osteoinductive factors that stimulate endogenous mechanisms of bone repair which can be applied on management of osseous defects in oral and maxillofacial fields. OBJECTIVE Considering the different results of RA on osteogenesis and its possible use to substitute/potency BMP-2 effects, this study evaluated the outcomes of BMP-2, RA, and BMP-2+RA treatments on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the signaling pathway(s) involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS ASCs were treated every other day with basic osteogenic medium (OM) alone or supplemented with BMP-2, RA, or BMP-2+RA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the r-nitrophenol method. Extracellular matrix mineralization was evaluated using von Kossa staining and calcium quantification. Expression of osteonectin and osteocalcin mRNA were determined using qPCR. Smad1, Smad4, phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, BMP-4, and BMP-7 proteins expressions were analyzed using western blotting. Signaling pathway was evaluated using the IPA® software. RESULTS RA promoted the highest ALP activity at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, in comparison to BMP-2 and BMP-2+RA. BMP-2+RA best stimulated phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 protein expression at day 7 and Smad4 expression at days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were best stimulated by BMP-2+RA at day 7. Matrix mineralization was most improved by BMP-2+RA at days 12 and 32. Additionally, BMP-2+RA promoted the highest BMP signaling pathway activation at days 7 and 14, and demonstrated more activation of differentiation of bone-forming cells than OM alone. CONCLUSIONS In summary, RA increased the effect of BMP-2 on osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Cristiane Cabral Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| | | | - Ricardo de Souza Magini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
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Discovery of Heterotopic Bone-Inducing Activity in Hard Tissues and the TGF-β Superfamily. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113586. [PMID: 30428615 PMCID: PMC6274805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a unique organ because it can be experimentally induced in soft tissues by implanting a single growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Heterotopic bone-inducing activity was found in demineralized bone matrix in 1965. The characterization of this activity in bone enabled the purification and molecular cloning of BMPs and showed that they are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Assay systems developed for this bone-inducing activity revealed the molecular mechanisms of the intracellular signaling of members of the superfamily, including BMPs. Moreover, they are being applied to elucidate molecular mechanisms and to develop novel therapeutics for a disease caused by an abnormality in BMP signaling.
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40
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Aisenbrey EA, Bryant SJ. The role of chondroitin sulfate in regulating hypertrophy during MSC chondrogenesis in a cartilage mimetic hydrogel under dynamic loading. Biomaterials 2018; 190-191:51-62. [PMID: 30391802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for cartilage regeneration, but readily undergo terminal differentiation. The aim of this study was two-fold: a) investigate physiochemical cues from a cartilage-mimetic hydrogel under dynamic compressive loading on MSC chondrogenesis and hypertrophy and b) identify whether Smad signaling and p38 MAPK signaling mediate hypertrophy during MSC chondrogenesis. Human MSCs were encapsulated in photoclickable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels containing chondroitin sulfate and RGD, cultured under dynamic compressive loading or free swelling for three weeks, and evaluated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Loading inhibited hypertrophy in the cartilage-mimetic hydrogel indicated by a reduction in pSmad 1/5/8, Runx2, and collagen X proteins, while maintaining chondrogenesis by pSmad 2/3 and collagen II proteins. Inhibiting pSmad 1/5/8 under free swelling culture significantly reduced collagen X protein, similar to the loading condition. Chondroitin sulfate was necessary for load-inhibited hypertrophy and correlated with enhanced S100A4 expression, which is downstream of the osmotic responsive transcription factor NFAT5. Inhibiting p38 MAPK under loading reduced S100A4 expression, and upregulated Runx2 and collagen X protein. Findings from this study indicate that chondroitin sulfate with dynamic loading create physiochemical cues that support MSC chondrogenesis and attenuate hypertrophy through Smad 1/5/8 inhibition and p38 MAPK upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Aisenbrey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA; Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA.
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Katagiri T, Tsukamoto S, Kuratani M. Heterotopic bone induction via BMP signaling: Potential therapeutic targets for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Bone 2018; 109:241-250. [PMID: 28754575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
More than 50years ago, Marshal M. Urist detected "heterotopic bone-inducing activity" in demineralized bone matrix. This unique activity was referred to as "bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)" because it was sensitive to trypsin digestion. Purification of the bone-inducing activity from demineralized bone matrix using a bone-inducing assay in vivo indicated that the original "BMP" consisted of a mixture of new members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. The establishment of new in vitro assay systems that reflect the bone-inducing activity of BMPs in vivo have revealed the functional receptors and downstream effectors of BMPs. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic bone formation in soft tissues similar to the event induced by the transplantation of BMPs in skeletal muscle. In patients with FOP, genetic mutations have been identified in the ACVR1 gene, which encodes the BMP receptor ALK2. The mutations in ALK2 associated with FOP are hypersensitive to type II receptor kinases. Recently, activin A, a non-osteogenic member of the TGF-β family, was identified as the ligand of the mutant ALK2 in FOP, and various types of signaling inhibitors for mutant ALK2 are currently under development to establish effective treatments for FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; Project of Clinical and Basic Research for FOP, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Sho Tsukamoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; Project of Clinical and Basic Research for FOP, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Mai Kuratani
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
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Wang H, Jin W, Li H. Genetic polymorphisms in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA gene predisposes individuals to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine via the smad signaling pathway. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:61. [PMID: 29458345 PMCID: PMC5819076 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-1966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the 4A > C and -349C > T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA (BMPR-IA) gene, which significantly associated with the occurrence and the extent of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the cervical spine. Methods The SNPs in BMPR-IA gene were genotyped, and the association with the occurrence and severity of OPLL were evaluated in 356 OPLL patients and 617 non-OPLL controls. In stably transfected mouse embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10T1/2), the expression levels of the BMPR-IA gene and Smad4 protein as well as phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 were detected by Western blotting. In addition, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) activity of osteogenesis specificity protein was assessed using the ALP quantitation and osteocalcin radioimmunoassay kit, respectively. Results The 4A > C and the -349C > T polymorphisms of BMPR-IA gene were significantly associated with the development of OPLL in the cervical spine. The C allele type in 4A > C polymorphism significantly increases the occurrence and the extent of OPLL. The T allele type in -349C > T polymorphism significantly increases the susceptibility to OPLL, but not the extent of OPLL. The current results further validate our previous observations. The expression levels of BMPR-IA gene were significantly increased in pcDNA3.1/BMPR-IA (mutation type, MT -349C > T; MT 4A > C; MT -349C > T and 4A > C) vector-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells compared to the wild type (WT) vector-transfected cells. The levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and ALP activity were significantly increased in pcDNA3.1/BMPR-IA (MT -349C > T) vector-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells compared to the WT vector-transfected cells. However, no significant differences were observed in the protein levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and the ALP activity between MT A/C and WT vector-transfected cells. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the Smad4 protein levels among the experimental groups, as well as in the OC activity between WT vector-transfected and MT C/T, MT A/C, MT C/T and MT A/C vector-transfected cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that Smad signaling pathway may play important roles in the pathological process of OPLL induced by SNPs in BMPR-IA gene. These results will help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the SNP and gene susceptibility to OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Weitao Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Li J, Ye L, Shi X, Chen J, Feng F, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Shen J, Li P, Jiang WG, He J. Repulsive guidance molecule B inhibits metastasis and is associated with decreased mortality in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15678-89. [PMID: 26910889 PMCID: PMC4941269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) are co-receptors of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), and might be involved in lung and other cancers. We evaluated repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) expression in 165 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors and 22 normal lung tissue samples, and validated the results in an independent series of 131 samples. RGMB was downregulated in NSCLC (P ≤ 0.001), possibly through promoter hypermethylation. Reduced RGMB expression was observed in advanced-stage tumors (P = 0.017) and in tumors with vascular invasion (P < 0.01), and was significantly associated with poor overall survival (39 vs. 62 months, P < 0.001) and with disease-associated patient mortality (P = 0.015). RGMB knockdown promoted cell adhesion, invasion and migration, in both NSCLC cell lines and an in vivo mouse model, which enhanced metastatic potential. Conversely, RGMB overexpression and secretion suppressed cancer progression. The tumor-suppressing effect of RGMB was exerted through inhibition of the Smad1/5/8 pathway. Our results demonstrate that RGMB is an important inhibitor of NSCLC metastasis and that low RGMB expression is a novel predictor or a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff-China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Fenglan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yaoqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yiren Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff-China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Tabe S, Hikiji H, Ariyoshi W, Hashidate-Yoshida T, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Okinaga T, Seta Y, Tominaga K, Nishihara T. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 4 is involved in chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16701. [PMID: 29196633 PMCID: PMC5711957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids have important structural and functional roles in cells and are the main components of cellular membranes. Glycerophospholipids are formed via the de novo pathway (Kennedy pathway) and are subsequently matured in the remodeling pathway (Lands’ cycle). Lands’ cycle consists of two steps: deacylation of phospholipids by phospholipases A2 and reacylation of lysophospholipids by lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). LPLATs play key roles in the maturation and maintenance of the fatty acid composition of biomembranes, and cell differentiation. We examined whether LPLATs are involved in chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells, which can differentiate into chondrocytes. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 4 (LPCAT4) mRNA expression and LPCAT enzymatic activity towards 18:1-, 18:2-, 20:4-, and 22:6-CoA increased in the late stage of chondrogenic differentiation, when mineralization occurred. LPCAT4 knockdown decreased mRNA and protein levels of chondrogenic markers as well as Alcian blue staining intensity and alkaline phosphatase activity in ATDC5 cells. These results suggest that LPCAT4 plays important roles during the transition of chondrocytes into hypertrophic chondrocytes and/or a mineralized phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Tabe
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Hisako Hikiji
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hashidate-Yoshida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), AMED, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.,Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuji Seta
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
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MicroRNA-21 regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by targeting Smad5. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16608. [PMID: 29192241 PMCID: PMC5709498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental and craniofacial tissues that exhibit high potential for differentiation into osteoblasts. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been established to play important roles in MSC osteogenesis. In the current study, we report that miR-21 was down-regulated in osteogenically differentiated PDLSCs. Overexpression of miR-21 significantly inhibited osteogenesis of hPDLSC, whereas its inhibition demonstrated the opposite effects. Furthermore, SMAD family member 5 (Smad5) was predicted to be a downstream target of miR-21 and was shown to undergo up-regulation in PDLSCs induced toward osteogenesis. Moreover, Smad5 and Runx2, which are the critical transcription factors in osteogenic differentiation, were predicted to be targets of miR-21. Suppression of miR-21 expression increased the level of Smad5 in vitro and during in vivo transplantation experiments. Furthermore, suppression of Smad5 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and decreased the protein level of Runx2. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-21 be mechanistically implicated in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by targeting Smad5.
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Taketomi T, Onimura T, Yoshiga D, Muratsu D, Sanui T, Fukuda T, Kusukawa J, Nakamura S. Sprouty2 is involved in the control of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through the FGF and BMP signaling pathways. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:1106-1114. [PMID: 28921936 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) play essential roles in bone formation and osteoblast activity through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Smad pathways. Sprouty family members are intracellular inhibitors of the FGF signaling pathway, and four orthologs of Sprouty have been identified in mammals. In vivo analyses have revealed that Sprouty2 is associated with bone formation. However, the mechanism by which the Sprouty family controls bone formation has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the involvement of Sprouty2 in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. We examined Sprouty2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells, and found that high levels of Sprouty2 expression were induced by basic FGF stimulation. Overexpression of Sprouty2 in MC3T3-E1 cells resulted in suppressed proliferation compared with control cells. Sprouty2 negatively regulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after basic FGF stimulation, and of Smad1/5/8 after BMP stimulation. Furthermore, Sprouty2 suppressed the expression of osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin mRNA, which are markers of osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, Sprouty2 inhibited osteoblast matrix mineralization. These results suggest that Sprouty2 is involved in the control of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by downregulating the FGF-ERK1/2 and BMP-Smad pathways, and suppresses the induction of markers of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onimura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigo Yoshiga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daichi Muratsu
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Heath DA, Pitman JL, McNatty KP. Molecular forms of ruminant BMP15 and GDF9 and putative interactions with receptors. Reproduction 2017; 154:521-534. [PMID: 28733348 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic factor 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are oocyte-secreted factors with demonstrable effects on ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate. However, the molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 produced by oocytes remain unclear. The aims herein, using Western blotting (WB) procedures with specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), were to identify the molecular forms of BMP15 and GDF9 synthesised and secreted by isolated ovine (o) and bovine (b) oocytes in vitro The mabs were known to recognise the biological forms of BMP15 or GDF9 since they had previously been shown to inhibit their bioactivities in vitro and in vivo Using recombinant variants of oBMP15 and oGDF9, including a cysteine mutant form of oBMP15 (S356C) and a human (h) BMP15:GDF9 heterodimer (cumulin), it was established that the mabs were able to identify monomeric, dimeric, promature and higher-molecular-weight forms of BMP15 and GDF9 and cumulin (GDF9 mab only). After using non-reducing, reducing and reducing + cross-linking conditions, the major oocyte-secreted forms of o and b BMP15 and GDF9 were the cleaved and uncleaved monomeric forms of the promature proteins. There was no evidence for dimeric or heterodimeric forms of either mature BMP15 or GDF9. From in silico modelling studies using transforming growth factor beta (TGFB), activin or BMP crystal templates, and both present and previously published data, a model is proposed to illustrate how the monomeric forms of BMP15 and GDF9 may interact with their type II and type I cell-surface receptors to initiate the synergistic actions of these growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Heath
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Janet L Pitman
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Zhao W, Jin K, Li J, Qiu X, Li S. Delivery of stromal cell-derived factor 1α for in situ tissue regeneration. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:22. [PMID: 28670340 PMCID: PMC5492719 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ tissue regeneration approach aims to exploit the body's own biological resources and reparative capability and recruit host cells by utilizing cell-instructive biomaterials. In order to immobilize and release bioactive factors in biomaterials, it is important to engineer the load effectiveness, release kinetics and cell recruiting capabilities of bioactive molecules by using suitable bonding strategies. Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) is one of the most potent chemokines for stem cell recruitment, and SDF-1α-loaded scaffolds have been used for the regeneration of many types of tissues. This review summarizes the strategies to incorporate SDF-1α into scaffolds, including direct loading or adsorption, polyion complexes, specific heparin-mediated interaction and particulate system, which may be applied to the immobilization of other chemokines or growth factors. In addition, we discuss the application of these strategies in the regeneration of tissues such as blood vessel, myocardium, cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Kaixiang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Xuefeng Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Mitrofan CG, Appleby SL, Nash GB, Mallat Z, Chilvers ER, Upton PD, Morrell NW. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10 enhance tumor necrosis factor-α-induced monocyte recruitment to the vascular endothelium mainly via activin receptor-like kinase 2. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28646109 PMCID: PMC5566526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10 (BMP9/BMP10) are circulating cytokines with important roles in endothelial homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of BMP9 and BMP10 in mediating monocyte-endothelial interactions using an in vitro flow adhesion assay. Herein, we report that whereas BMP9/BMP10 alone had no effect on monocyte recruitment, at higher concentrations both cytokines synergized with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) to increase recruitment to the vascular endothelium. The BMP9/BMP10-mediated increase in monocyte recruitment in the presence of TNFα was associated with up-regulated expression levels of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells. Using siRNAs to type I and II BMP receptors and the signaling intermediaries (Smads), we demonstrated a key role for ALK2 in the BMP9/BMP10-induced surface expression of E-selectin, and both ALK1 and ALK2 in the up-regulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. The type II receptors, BMPR-II and ACTR-IIA were both required for this response, as was Smad1/5. The up-regulation of cell surface adhesion molecules by BMP9/10 in the presence of TNFα was inhibited by LDN193189, which inhibits ALK2 but not ALK1. Furthermore, LDN193189 inhibited monocyte recruitment induced by TNFα and BMP9/10. BMP9/10 increased basal IκBα protein expression, but did not alter p65/RelA levels. Our findings suggest that higher concentrations of BMP9/BMP10 synergize with TNFα to induce the up-regulation of endothelial selectins and adhesion molecules, ultimately resulting in increased monocyte recruitment to the vascular endothelium. This process is mediated mainly via the ALK2 type I receptor, BMPR-II/ACTR-IIA type II receptors, and downstream Smad1/5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Gabriela Mitrofan
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ and
| | - Sarah L Appleby
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ and
| | - Gerard B Nash
- the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ and
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ and
| | - Paul D Upton
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ and
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ and
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