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Chen X, Liu X, Cai D, Wang W, Cui C, Yang J, Xu X, Li Z. Sequencing-based network analysis provides a core set of genes for understanding hemolymph immune response mechanisms against Poly I:C stimulation in Amphioctopus fangsiao. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108544. [PMID: 36646339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic viruses can spread rapidly and widely in seawater for their high infective ability. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a viral dsRNA analog, is an immunostimulant that has been proved to activate various immune responses of immune cells in invertebrate. Hemolymph is a critical site that host immune response in invertebrates, and its transcriptome information obtained from Amphioctopus fangsiao stimulated by Poly I:C is crucial for understanding the antiviral molecular mechanisms of this species. In this study, we analyzed gene expression data in A. fangsiao hemolymph tissue within 24 h under Poly I:C stimulation and found 1082 and 299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Union set (1,369) DEGs were selected for subsequent analyses. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were carried out for identifying DEGs related to immunity. Several significant immune-related terms and pathways, such as toll-like receptor signaling pathways term, inflammatory response term, TNF signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway were identified. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for examining the relationships among immune-related genes. Finally, 12 hub genes, including EGFR, ACTG1, MAP2K1, and other nine hub genes, were identified based on the KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI network. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the expression profile of 12 hub genes. This research provides a reference for solving the problem of high mortality of A. fangsiao and other mollusks and provides a reference for the future production of some disease-resistant A. fangsiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipan Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Dequan Cai
- Weihai Marine Development Research Institute, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiju Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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2
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Chen X, Li Y, Bao X, Zhang E, Cui C, Liu X, Luo Q, Yang J, Li Z, Xu X. Transcriptome profiling based on protein-protein networks provides a core set of genes for understanding blood immune response mechanisms against LPS stress in Amphioctopus fangsiao. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104509. [PMID: 35963309 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are significant pathogens in the ocean, posing serious threats to marine organisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a characteristic chemical constituent in Gram-negative bacteria that can be recognized by the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of immune cells. This system is often used to simulate the invasion of bacteria. Blood is a transport channel for immune cells, and its transcriptome information obtained from Amphioctopus fangsiao stimulated by LPS is essential for understanding the antibacterial biological mechanisms of this species. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of A. fangsiao blood within 24h under LPS stress and found 778 and 561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24h, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed to search for immune-related DEGs. The relationships among immune genes were examined by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, 16 hub genes were identified based on the PPI network and KEGG enrichment analysis. The expression profiles of these genes were verified using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). This research provides valuable resources for the healthy culture of A. fangsiao and helps us understand the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipan Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Enshuo Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiju Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qihao Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai, 264004, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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3
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Das JR, Jerebtsova M, Tang P, Li J, Yu J, Ray PE. Circulating fibroblast growth factor-2 precipitates HIV nephropathy in mice. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048980. [PMID: 34308967 PMCID: PMC8326767 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
People of African ancestry living with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) are at risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Children with HIVAN frequently show high plasma fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) levels; however, the role of circulating FGF-2 in the pathogenesis of childhood HIVAN is unclear. Here, we explored how circulating FGF-2 affected the outcome of HIVAN in young HIV-Tg26 mice. Briefly, we demonstrated that FGF-2 was preferentially recruited in the kidneys of mice without pre-existing kidney disease, precipitating HIVAN by activating phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in renal epithelial cells, without inducing the expression of HIV-1 genes. Wild-type mice injected with recombinant adenoviral FGF-2 (rAd-FGF-2) vectors carrying a secreted form of human FGF-2 developed transient and reversible HIVAN-like lesions, including proteinuria and glomerular enlargement. HIV-Tg26 mice injected with rAd-FGF-2 vectors developed more-significant proliferative and pro-fibrotic inflammatory lesions, similar to those seen in childhood HIVAN. These lesions were partially reversed by treating mice with the FGF/VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD173074. These findings suggest that high plasma FGF-2 levels may be an independent risk factor for precipitating HIVAN in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jharna R. Das
- Children's National Hospital,Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Marina Jerebtsova
- Children's National Hospital,Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Pingtao Tang
- Children's National Hospital,Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jinliang Li
- Children's National Hospital,Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Child Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Patricio E. Ray
- Child Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Liu Y, Xue Q, Li A, Li K, Qin X. Mechanisms exploration of herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen on cerebral ischemia based on metabonomics and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112688. [PMID: 32101772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal pair of HuangQi-DanShen (HD) is frequently used for treating brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia (CI) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). AIM OF THE STUDY The present work was designed to reveal the active mechanism of HD against CI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our work, an integrated approach combined 1H-NMR based metabonomics and network pharmacology was applied to decipher the protection of HD against MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion)-induced CI rats. Meanwhile, the indicator of neurological deficit and TTC staining were used to estimate the efficacy of HD. RESULTS The results of neurological deficit test and TTC staining suggested HD could improve the brain injury in CI rats. The metabonomic result indicated that HD could significantly ameliorate 8 serum metabolites in CI rats, which were linked 71 corresponding targeted proteins obtained by Metscape. In addition, 84 targets related HD against CI were obtained by network pharmacology. At last, 5 important targets were screened as hopeful targets for the treatment of CI through integrating them. CONCLUSION The integrated method coupled 1H-NMR based metabonomics with network pharmacology provided the insights into the mechanisms of TCM in treating CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueTao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - QianQian Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - AiPing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - XueMei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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Iioka H, Saito K, Sakaguchi M, Tachibana T, Homma K, Kondo E. Crumbs3 is a critical factor that regulates invasion and metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma via the specific interaction with FGFR1. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2740-2753. [PMID: 30980524 PMCID: PMC6766893 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell polarity regulator Crumbs3 (Crb3), a mammalian homolog within the Drosophila Crb gene family, was initially identified as an essential embryonic development factor. It is recently implicated in tumor suppression, though its specific functions are controversial. We here demonstrate that Crb3 strongly promotes tumor invasion and metastasis of human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Crb3 centrality to tumor migration was supported by strong expression at invasive front and metastatic foci of colonic adenocarcinoma of the patient tissues. Accordingly, two different Crb3‐knockout (KO) lines, Crb3‐KO (Crb3 −/−) DLD‐1 and Crb3‐KO WiDr from human colonic adenocarcinomas, were generated by the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. Crb3‐KO DLD‐1 cells exhibited loss of cellular mobility in vitro and dramatic suppression of liver metastases in vivo in contrast to the wild type of DLD‐1. Unlike DLD‐1, Crb3‐KO WiDr mobility and metastasis were unaffected, which were similar to wild‐type WiDr. Proteome analysis of Crb3‐coimmunopreciptated proteins identified different respective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) isotypes specifically bound to Crb3 isoform a through their intracellular domain. In DLD‐1, Crb3 showed membranous localization of FGFR1 leading to its functional activation, whereas Crb3 bound to cytoplasmic FGFR4 in WiDr without FGFR1 expression, leading to cellular growth. Correlative expression between Crb3 and FGFR1 was consistently detected in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer patient tissues. Taking these together, Crb3 critically accelerates cell migration, namely invasion and metastasis of human colon cancers, through specific interaction to FGFR1 on colon cancer cells. What's new? Epithelial cell polarity regulator Crumbs3 (Crb3) was initially identified as an essential embryonic development factor. More recently, it has been implicated in tumor suppression, though its specific functions remain controversial. Here, the authors demonstrate that Crb3 strongly promotes tumor invasion and metastasis of human colon adenocarcinoma cells. They identify among the binding partners of Crb3 the FGF receptors family, which is pivotal to tumor cell dynamics including proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Crb3 colocalizes with FGFR1 to activate downstream signaling and critically accelerate tumor migration and metastasis of human colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Iioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ken Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Pathology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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6
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Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (MAPK/ERK pathway) is a signaling pathway activated as a cellular response to various stimuli and for regulating the proliferation and survival of several types of eukaryotic cells, among others a wide variety of tumor cells. Mutations of the proteins involved in this pathway have been discovered in several tumor entities, indicating their inhibition as a potential therapeutic target. BRAF inhibitors have been in the clinical use since 2011. Several MEK inhibitors have been studied for metastatic cancer treatment in the recent past. After trametinib, cobimetinib is another potent, selective oral MEK1/2 inhibitor that was approved by European Medicine Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015 for treatment of malignant melanoma in a combination with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Andrlová
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meiss
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Reimer C, Rubin CJ, Sharifi AR, Ha NT, Weigend S, Waldmann KH, Distl O, Pant SD, Fredholm M, Schlather M, Simianer H. Analysis of porcine body size variation using re-sequencing data of miniature and large pigs. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:687. [PMID: 30231878 PMCID: PMC6146782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domestication has led to substantial phenotypic and genetic variation in domestic animals. In pigs, the size of so called minipigs differs by one order of magnitude compared to breeds of large body size. We used biallelic SNPs identified from re-sequencing data to compare various publicly available wild and domestic populations against two minipig breeds to gain better understanding of the genetic background of the extensive body size variation. We combined two complementary measures, expected heterozygosity and the composite likelihood ratio test implemented in “SweepFinder”, to identify signatures of selection in Minipigs. We intersected these sweep regions with a measure of differentiation, namely FST, to remove regions of low variation across pigs. An extraordinary large sweep between 52 and 61 Mb on chromosome X was separately analyzed based on SNP-array data of F2 individuals from a cross of Goettingen Minipigs and large pigs. Results Selective sweep analysis identified putative sweep regions for growth and subsequent gene annotation provided a comprehensive set of putative candidate genes. A long swept haplotype on chromosome X, descending from the Goettingen Minipig founders was associated with a reduction of adult body length by 3% in F2 cross-breds. Conclusion The resulting set of genes in putative sweep regions implies that the genetic background of body size variation in pigs is polygenic rather than mono- or oligogenic. Identified genes suggest alterations in metabolic functions and a possible insulin resistance to contribute to miniaturization. A size QTL located within the sweep on chromosome X, with an estimated effect of 3% on body length, is comparable to the largest known in pigs or other species. The androgen receptor AR, previously known to influence pig performance and carcass traits, is the most obvious potential candidate gene within this region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5009-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reimer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany. .,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - C-J Rubin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedicinska centrum BMC, Husargatan 3, 75237, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A R Sharifi
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - N-T Ha
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Höltystraße 10, 31535, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K-H Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine - Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - O Distl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine - Foundation, Bünteweg 17p, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - S D Pant
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Boorooma St., Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - M Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary- and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M Schlather
- School of Business Informatics and Mathematics, University of Mannheim, A5 6, 68131, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H Simianer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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8
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Mohan ML, Chatterjee A, Ganapathy S, Mukherjee S, Srikanthan S, Jolly GP, Anand RS, Naga Prasad SV. Noncanonical regulation of insulin-mediated ERK activation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3112-3122. [PMID: 28877982 PMCID: PMC5662266 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kγ) plays a role in ERK activation following G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. Here we show that PI3Kγ noncanonically regulates ERK phosphorylation in a kinase-independent mechanism, irrespective of the upstream signals. PI3Kγ sequesters PP2A, allowing sustained ERK function. Classically Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kγ) plays a role in extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation following G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation. Knock-down of PI3Kγ unexpectedly resulted in loss of ERK activation to receptor tyrosine kinase agonists such as epidermal growth factor or insulin. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or primary adult cardiac fibroblasts isolated from PI3Kγ knock-out mice (PI3KγKO) showed decreased insulin-stimulated ERK activation. However, expression of kinase-dead PI3Kγ resulted in rescue of insulin-stimulated ERK activation. Mechanistically, PI3Kγ sequesters protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), disrupting ERK–PP2A interaction, as evidenced by increased ERK–PP2A interaction and associated PP2A activity in PI3KγKO MEFs, resulting in decreased ERK activation. Furthermore, β-blocker carvedilol-mediated β-arrestin-dependent ERK activation is significantly reduced in PI3KγKO MEF, suggesting accelerated dephosphorylation. Thus, instead of classically mediating the kinase arm, PI3Kγ inhibits PP2A by scaffolding and sequestering, playing a key parallel synergistic step in sustaining the function of ERK, a nodal enzyme in multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Arunachal Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Swetha Ganapathy
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sromona Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sowmya Srikanthan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - George P Jolly
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Rohit S Anand
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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9
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Vargas VE, Myers DA, Kaushal KM, Ducsay CA. Expression of StAR and Key Genes Regulating Cortisol Biosynthesis in Near Term Ovine Fetal Adrenocortical Cells: Effects of Long-Term Hypoxia. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:230-238. [PMID: 28468567 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117707056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated decreased expression of key genes regulating cortisol biosynthesis in long-term hypoxic (LTH) sheep fetal adrenals compared to controls. We also showed that inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK inhibitor UO126 limited adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)-induced cortisol production in ovine fetal adrenocortical cells (FACs), suggesting a role for ERKs in cortisol synthesis. This study was designed to determine whether the previously observed decrease in LTH cytochrome P45011A1/cytochrome P450c17 (CYP11A1/CYP17) in adrenal glands was maintained in vitro, and whether ACTH alone with or without UO126 treatment had altered the expression of CYP11A1, CYP17, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in control versus LTH FACs. Ewes were maintained at high altitude (3820 m) from ∼40 days of gestation (dG). At 138 to 141 dG, fetal adrenal glands were collected from LTH (n = 5) and age-matched normoxic controls (n = 6). Fetal adrenocortical cells were challenged with ACTH (10-8 M) with or without UO126 (10 µM) for 18 hours. Media samples were collected for cortisol analysis and messenger RNA (mRNA) for CYP11A1, CYP17, and StAR was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cortisol was higher in the LTH versus control ( P < .05). StAR mRNA was decreased in LTH versus control ( P < .05). U0126 alone had no effect on mRNA in either group. UO126 prevented the increase in CYP11A1 and CYP17 in control FACs. Basal CYP11A1 and CYP17 were not different in LTH versus control. ACTH increased CYP11A1 and CYP17 only in control FACs ( P < .05). U1026 attenuated the ACTH response indicative of a role for ERK in CYP11A1 and CYP17 expression. ACTH may require additional factors in FACs to fully regulate StAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Vargas
- 1 Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dean A Myers
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kanchan M Kaushal
- 1 Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charles A Ducsay
- 1 Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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10
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Ottaiano TF, Andrade SS, de Oliveira C, Silva MCC, Buri MV, Juliano MA, Girão MJBC, Sampaio MU, Schmaier AH, Wlodawer A, Maffei FHA, Oliva MLV. Plasma kallikrein enhances platelet aggregation response by subthreshold doses of ADP. Biochimie 2017; 135:72-81. [PMID: 28115185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human plasma kallikrein (huPK) potentiates platelet responses to subthreshold doses of ADP, although huPK itself, does not induce platelet aggregation. In the present investigation, we observe that huPK pretreatment of platelets potentiates ADP-induced platelet activation by prior proteolysis of the G-protein-coupled receptor PAR-1. The potentiation of ADP-induced platelet activation by huPK is mediated by the integrin αIIbβ3 through interactions with the KGD/KGE sequence motif in huPK. Integrin αIIbβ3 is a cofactor for huPK binding to platelets to support PAR-1 hydrolysis that contributes to activation of the ADP signaling pathway. This activation pathway leads to phosphorylation of Src, AktS473, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK, and to Ca2+ release. The effect of huPK is blocked by specific antagonists of PAR-1 (SCH 19197) and αIIbβ3 (abciximab) and by synthetic peptides comprising the KGD and KGE sequence motifs of huPK. Further, recombinant plasma kallikrein inhibitor, rBbKI, also blocks this entire mechanism. These results suggest a new function for huPK. Formation of plasma kallikrein lowers the threshold for ADP-induced platelet activation. The present observations are consistent with the notion that plasma kallikrein promotes vascular disease and thrombosis in the intravascular compartment and its inhibition may ameliorate cardiovascular disease and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana F Ottaiano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Sheila S Andrade
- Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; Charitable Association of Blood Collection - COLSAN São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleide de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Mariana C C Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Buri
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Manoel J B C Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil; Charitable Association of Blood Collection - COLSAN São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Misako U Sampaio
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francisco H A Maffei
- Department of Orthopedics and Surgery, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza V Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil.
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11
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De Wit R, Boonstra J, Verkleij AJ, Post JA. Large Scale Screening Assay for the Phosphorylation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108705719800300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are serine/threonine kinases that are activated by phosphorylation and are involved in the cellular response to various physiologic stimuli and stress conditions. Because MAP kinases play an important role in cellular functioning, a screening assay to determine the phosphorylation of MAP kinase upon various conditions was desirable. Therefore, we have developed a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Cell-ELISA), in which the phosphorylated forms of p42MAPK and p44MAPK are detected. We show that in this Cell-ELISA, MAP kinase becomes phosphorylated in a dose- and time-dependent manner under proliferative or stress conditions. This dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation agrees with observations using classical gel-electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques. Furthermore, we show that our assay is applicable to different cell types and that serum-starvation is not required for detection of an increase in MAP kinase phosphorylation. From these experiments, it is concluded that the Cell-ELISA is a reliable and fast method for quantitative detection of the phosphorylation, and thus the activation, of MAP kinase. This assay is applicable for a large-scale screening of the effectivity of biological or chemical compounds that modulate the cellular response to physiologic stimuli or stress through phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate De Wit
- Institute of Biomembranes, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Boonstra
- Institute of Biomembranes, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie J. Verkleij
- Institute of Biomembranes, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Andries Post
- Institute of Biomembranes, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Gramajo-Bühler MC, Zelarayán L, Sánchez-Toranzo G. Involvement of Protein cAMP-dependent Kinase, Phospholipase A2 and Phospholipase C in Sperm Acrosome Reaction of Chinchilla lanigera. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:150-7. [PMID: 26699205 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in fertilization are the centre of attention in order to determine the conditions required to reproduce in vitro the events that take place in vivo, with special interest in endangered species. Previous data from mouse sperm, where acrosome reaction (AR) occurs more often in the interstitium of the cumulus oophorus, contribute to strengthen the use of progesterone as a physiological inducer of this process. We studied the participation of protein kinase A (PKA), phospholipases A2 and C (PLA2 , PLC) in the AR induced by progesterone from Chinchilla epididymal spermatozoa. The addition of db-cAMP to the incubation medium caused an increase of 58% in the AR, while the use of H89 (30 μm), a PKA inhibitor, reflected a decrease of 40% in the percentage of reacted gametes. The assays conducted with arachidonic acid showed a maximum increase of 23% in the AR. When gametes were pre-incubated with PLA2 inhibitors, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect was observed. The addition of phorbol12-myristate13-acetate (10 μm) revealed higher percentages of AR induction (60%). When PLC was inhibited with neomycin and U73122, a dose-dependent decrease in AR percentages was observed. Combined inhibition of PKA, PLA2 and PLC, AR values similar to control were obtained. This work shows evidence, for the first time in Chinchilla, that progesterone activates the AC/cAMP/PKA system as well as sperm phospholipases and that these signalling pathways participate jointly and cooperatively in AR. These results contribute to the understanding of the complex regulation that is triggered in sperm after the effect of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gramajo-Bühler
- Department of Developmental Biology, Higher Institute for Biological Research, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - L Zelarayán
- Faculty of biochemistry, chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology 'Dr. Francisco Barbieri', National University of Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - G Sánchez-Toranzo
- Faculty of biochemistry, chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology 'Dr. Francisco Barbieri', National University of Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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13
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Castillo AF, Orlando U, Helfenberger KE, Poderoso C, Podesta EJ. The role of mitochondrial fusion and StAR phosphorylation in the regulation of StAR activity and steroidogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:73-9. [PMID: 25540920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein regulates the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, i.e. the delivery of cholesterol from the outer (OMM) to the inner (IMM) mitochondrial membrane. StAR is a 37-kDa protein with an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence that is cleaved off during mitochondrial import to yield 30-kDa intramitochondrial StAR. StAR acts exclusively on the OMM and its activity is proportional to how long it remains on the OMM. However, the precise fashion and the molecular mechanism in which StAR remains on the OMM have not been elucidated yet. In this work we will discuss the role of mitochondrial fusion and StAR phosphorylation by the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) as part of the mechanism that regulates StAR retention on the OMM and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Castillo
- Biomedical Research Institute, INBIOMED, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Ulises Orlando
- Biomedical Research Institute, INBIOMED, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Katia E Helfenberger
- Biomedical Research Institute, INBIOMED, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Biomedical Research Institute, INBIOMED, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Podesta
- Biomedical Research Institute, INBIOMED, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), C1121ABG, Argentina.
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14
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Lee JJ, Han JH, Jung SH, Lee SG, Kim IS, Cuong NM, Huong TT, Khanh PN, Kim YH, Yun YP, Ma JY, Myung CS. Antiplatelet action of indirubin-3'-monoxime through suppression of glycoprotein VI-mediated signal transduction: a possible role for ERK signaling in platelets. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:182-92. [PMID: 25451564 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the antiplatelet activity of indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3O) and the underlying mechanisms. In a rat carotid artery injury model, oral administration (20 mg/kg/day) of I3O for 3 days significantly prolonged occlusion time, and ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In washed platelets in vitro, I3O potently inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation by suppressing phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) phosphorylation, subsequently blocking diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid (AA) formation, P-selectin secretion and the production of thromboxane B2. Platelet aggregation induced by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, was inhibited by I3O. Both I3O and U0126, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, markedly reduced collagen-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p47, resulting in the blockade of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated AA metabolite production in AA-treated platelets. I3O suppressed phosphorylation of JNK, p38, GSK-3β, and AKT. I3O inhibited glycoprotein VI (GPVI), as a collagen receptor, by suppressing the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase Syk of GPVI and the phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and ERK1/2 stimulated by convulxin, as a specific stimulator. Our results indicate that an antiplatelet effect of I3O is due to the suppression of GPVI-mediated signaling pathways. In collagen-stimulated platelets, ERK1/2 phosphorylation is adenylyl cyclase-dependent and leads to the modulation of PKC-p47 signaling and COX-1-mediated AA-metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Manh Cuong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thu Huong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Ngoc Khanh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Cayla M, Rachidi N, Leclercq O, Schmidt-Arras D, Rosenqvist H, Wiese M, Späth GF. Transgenic analysis of the Leishmania MAP kinase MPK10 reveals an auto-inhibitory mechanism crucial for stage-regulated activity and parasite viability. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004347. [PMID: 25232945 PMCID: PMC4169501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan pathogens of the genus Leishmania have evolved unique signaling mechanisms that can sense changes in the host environment and trigger adaptive stage differentiation essential for host cell infection. The signaling mechanisms underlying parasite development remain largely elusive even though Leishmania mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been linked previously to environmentally induced differentiation and virulence. Here, we unravel highly unusual regulatory mechanisms for Leishmania MAP kinase 10 (MPK10). Using a transgenic approach, we demonstrate that MPK10 is stage-specifically regulated, as its kinase activity increases during the promastigote to amastigote conversion. However, unlike canonical MAPKs that are activated by dual phosphorylation of the regulatory TxY motif in the activation loop, MPK10 activation is independent from the phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue, which is largely constitutive. Removal of the last 46 amino acids resulted in significantly enhanced MPK10 activity both for the recombinant and transgenic protein, revealing that MPK10 is regulated by an auto-inhibitory mechanism. Over-expression of this hyperactive mutant in transgenic parasites led to a dominant negative effect causing massive cell death during amastigote differentiation, demonstrating the essential nature of MPK10 auto-inhibition for parasite viability. Moreover, phosphoproteomics analyses identified a novel regulatory phospho-serine residue in the C-terminal auto-inhibitory domain at position 395 that could be implicated in kinase regulation. Finally, we uncovered a feedback loop that limits MPK10 activity through dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue of the TxY motif. Together our data reveal novel aspects of protein kinase regulation in Leishmania, and propose MPK10 as a potential signal sensor of the mammalian host environment, whose intrinsic pre-activated conformation is regulated by auto-inhibition. Leishmaniasis is an important human disease caused by Leishmania parasites. A crucial aspect of Leishmania infectivity is its capacity to sense different environments and adapt for survival inside insect vector and vertebrate host by stage differentiation. This process is triggered by environmental changes encountered in these organisms, including temperature and pH shifts, which usually are sensed and transduced by signaling cascades including protein kinases and their substrates. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of the Leishmania mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK10 using protein purified from transgenic parasites and combining site-directed mutagenesis and activity tests. We demonstrate that this kinase is activated during parasite differentiation and regulated by an atypical mechanism involving auto-inhibition, which is essential for parasite viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cayla
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Heidi Rosenqvist
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
- Protein Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Wiese
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gerald F. Späth
- Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Duarte A, Castillo AF, Podestá EJ, Poderoso C. Mitochondrial fusion and ERK activity regulate steroidogenic acute regulatory protein localization in mitochondria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100387. [PMID: 24945345 PMCID: PMC4063759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, known as the transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, is facilitated by StAR, the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein. We have described that mitochondrial ERK1/2 phosphorylates StAR and that mitochondrial fusion, through the up-regulation of a fusion protein Mitofusin 2, is essential during steroidogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial StAR together with mitochondrial active ERK and PKA are necessary for maximal steroid production. Phosphorylation of StAR by ERK is required for the maintenance of this protein in mitochondria, observed by means of over-expression of a StAR variant lacking the ERK phosphorylation residue. Mitochondrial fusion regulates StAR levels in mitochondria after hormone stimulation. In this study, Mitofusin 2 knockdown and mitochondrial fusion inhibition in MA-10 Leydig cells diminished StAR mRNA levels and concomitantly mitochondrial StAR protein. Together our results unveil the requirement of mitochondrial fusion in the regulation of the localization and mRNA abundance of StAR. We here establish the relevance of mitochondrial phosphorylation events in the correct localization of this key protein to exert its action in specialized cells. These discoveries highlight the importance of mitochondrial fusion and ERK phosphorylation in cholesterol transport by means of directing StAR to the outer mitochondrial membrane to achieve a large number of steroid molecules per unit of StAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Duarte
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Fernanda Castillo
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J. Podestá
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ye J, Yuan L. Inhibition of P38 MAPK Reduces Tumor Conditioned Medium-Induced Angiogenesis in Co-Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1162-9. [PMID: 17485858 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor conditioned medium (CM) has been widely used to stimulate endothelial cells to form capillary-like structures in in vitro angiogenesis models. We report herein the effect of HT1080 and A549 CM after they were mixed with microvascular endothelial cells medium-2 (EGM-2) on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both HT1080 and A549 CM decreased HUVEC proliferation, to different extents. While A549 CM significantly increased capillary-like structure formation in a co-culture system, no effect of HT1080 was apparent. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) blocked both basal and A549 CM induced capillary-like structure formation, but inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and that of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK) MAPK had no such effect. Activation of ERK MAPK was inhibited by both CMs, whereas p38 MAPK was inactivated by HT1080 and activated by A549 CM and a control. Neither CM had an effect on JNK MAPK. The results suggest that p38 MAPK played a critical role in capillary-like structure formation in the co-culture, partly via promotion of apoptosis in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
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18
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Lu ZQ, Tang LM, Zhao GJ, Yao YM, Zhu XM, Dong N, Yu Y. Overactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and suppression of mitofusin-2 expression are two independent events in high mobility group box 1 protein-mediated T cell immune dysfunction. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:529-41. [PMID: 23697559 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a critical proinflammatory cytokine, has recently been identified to be an immunostimulatory signal involved in sepsis-related immune dysfunction when released extracellularly, but the potential mechanism involved remains elusive. Here, we showed that the treatment with HMGB1 in vitro inhibited T lymphocyte immune response and expression of mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2; a member of the mitofusin family) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Upregulation of Mfn-2 expression attenuated the suppressive effect of HMGB1 on T cell immune function. The phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was markedly upregulated by treating with high amount of HMGB1, while pretreatment with ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK-specific inhibitors (U0126 and SB203580) could attenuate suppression of T cell immune function and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activation induced by HMGB1, respectively. HMGB1-induced activity of ERK1/2 and p38 was not fully inhibited in the presence of U0126 or SB203580. Interestingly, overexpression of Mfn-2 had no marked effect on HMGB1-mediated activation of MAPK, but could attenuate the suppressive effect of HMGB1 on the activity of NFAT. Thus, the mechanisms involved in HMGB1-induced T cell immune dysfunction in vitro at least partly include suppression of Mfn-2 expression, overactivation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and intervention of NFAT activation, while the protective effect of Mfn-2 on T cell immune dysfunction induced by HMGB1 is dependent on other signaling pathway associated with NFAT, but not MAPK. Taken together, we conclude that overactivation of MAPK and suppression of Mfn-2 expression are two independent events in HMGB1-mediated T cell immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, P. R. China.
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19
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Chen HH, Zhou XL, Shi YL, Yang J. Roles of p38 MAPK and JNK in TGF-β1-induced human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:93-8. [PMID: 23376055 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite aggressive therapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the roles of p38 MAPK and JNK in TGF-β1-induced human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which could be a possible mechanism of IPF. METHODS A549 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (3 ng/mL) for 48 h to induce EMT. The expression of mesenchymal phenotypic markers including desmin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, and expression of epithelial phenotypic markers including E-cadherin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) were detected by Western blot. The roles of p38 MAPK and JNK in TGF-β1-mediated EMT were investigated using gene silencing and inhibitor SB-203580 and SP-600125. RESULTS The data showed that TGF-β1 induced A549 cells with an alveolar epithelial type II cell phenotype to undergo EMT. The process of EMT was accompanied by morphological alteration and expression of the myofibroblast marker desmin, α-SMA and vimentin, concomitant with a downregulation of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin, ZO-1 and AQP5. TGF-β1-induced EMT occurred through phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK and was inhibited by inhibitor SB-203580 and SP-600125 and gene silencing. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 induces A549 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) to undergo EMT partially via p38 MAPK and JNK activation and supports the concept of EMT in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-hua Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Xu A, Shi G, Liu F, Ge B. Caenorhabditis elegans mom-4 is required for the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Protein Cell 2012; 4:53-61. [PMID: 23212155 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the cellular response to microbial infection and environmental stress. Activation of p38 is mediated through phosphorylation by upstream MAPKK, which in turn is activated by MAPKKK. In the Caenorhabditis elegans, the p38 MAPK (also called PMK-1) signaling pathway has been shown to be required in its resistance to bacterial infection. However, how different upstream MAP2Ks and MAP3Ks specifically contribute to the activation of PMK-1 in response to bacterial infection still is not clearly understood. By using double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) and genetic mutants of C. elegans, we demonstrate that C. elegans MOM-4, a mammalian TAK1 homolog, is required for the resistance of C. elegans to a P. aeruginosa infection. We have also found that the MKK-4 of C. elegans is required for P. aeruginosa resistance, but not through the regulation of DLK-1. In summary, our results indicate that different upstream MAPKKKs or MAPKKs regulate the activation of PMK-1 in response to P. Aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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ERK1/2 MAP kinases: structure, function, and regulation. Pharmacol Res 2012; 66:105-43. [PMID: 22569528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1090] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ERK1 and ERK2 are related protein-serine/threonine kinases that participate in the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade. This cascade participates in the regulation of a large variety of processes including cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, cell migration, cell survival, differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, and transcription. MEK1/2 catalyze the phosphorylation of human ERK1/2 at Tyr204/187 and then Thr202/185. The phosphorylation of both tyrosine and threonine is required for enzyme activation. Whereas the Raf kinase and MEK families have narrow substrate specificity, ERK1/2 catalyze the phosphorylation of hundreds of cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates including regulatory molecules and transcription factors. ERK1/2 are proline-directed kinases that preferentially catalyze the phosphorylation of substrates containing a Pro-Xxx-Ser/Thr-Pro sequence. Besides this primary structure requirement, many ERK1/2 substrates possess a D-docking site, an F-docking site, or both. A variety of scaffold proteins including KSR1/2, IQGAP1, MP1, β-Arrestin1/2 participate in the regulation of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase cascade. The regulatory dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 is mediated by protein-tyrosine specific phosphatases, protein-serine/threonine phosphatases, and dual specificity phosphatases. The combination of kinases and phosphatases make the overall process reversible. The ERK1/2 catalyzed phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factors including those of Ets, Elk, and c-Fos represents an important function and requires the translocation of ERK1/2 into the nucleus by active and passive processes involving the nuclear pore. These transcription factors participate in the immediate early gene response. The activity of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade is increased in about one-third of all human cancers, and inhibition of components of this cascade by targeted inhibitors represents an important anti-tumor strategy. Thus far, however, only inhibition of mutant B-Raf (Val600Glu) has been found to be therapeutically efficacious.
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22
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Cortez V, Santana M, Marques AP, Mota A, Rosmaninho-Salgado J, Cavadas C. Regulation of catecholamine release in human adrenal chromaffin cells by β-adrenoceptors. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:387-93. [PMID: 22261351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal gland plays a fundamental role in the response to a variety of stress situations. After a stress condition, adrenal medullary chromaffin cells release, by exocytosis, high quantities of catecholamine (epinephrine, EP; norepinephrine, NE), especially EP. Once in the blood stream, catecholamines reach different target organs, and induce their biological actions through the activation of different adrenoceptors. Adrenal gland cells may also be activated by catecholamines, through hormonal, paracrine and/or autocrine system. The presence of functional adrenoceptors on human adrenal medulla and their involvement on catecholamines secretion was not previously evaluated. In the present study we investigated the role of β(1)-, β(2)- and β(3)-adrenoceptors on catecholamine release from human adrenal chromaffin cells in culture. We observed that the β-adrenoceptor agonist (isoproterenol) and β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist (salbutamol) stimulated catecholamine (NE and EP) release from human adrenal chromaffin cells. Furthermore, the β(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist (ICI 118,551; 100 nM) and β(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist (SR 59230A; 100 nM) inhibited the catecholamine release stimulated by isoproterenol and nicotine in chromaffin cells. The β(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist (atenolol; 100 nM) did not change the isoproterenol- neither the nicotine-evoked catecholamine release from human adrenal chromaffin cells. Moreover, our results show that the protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase C (PLC) are intracellular mechanisms involved in the catecholamine release evoked by salbutamol. In conclusion, our data suggest that the activation of β(2)- and β(3)-adrenoceptors modulate the basal and evoked catecholamine release, NE and EP, via an autocrine positive feedback loop in human adrenal chromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Cortez
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Yu H, Guo Y, Mi L, Wang X, Li L, Gao W. Mitofusin 2 inhibits angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 16:205-11. [PMID: 21106870 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410385683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Myocardial hypertrophy is a common clinical finding leading to heart failure and sudden death. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a hyperplasia suppressor protein, is downregulated in hypertrophic heart. This study examined the role of Mfn2 in myocardial hypertrophy and its potential signal pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS In in vitro studies, neonatal cardiac myocytes were isolated and cultured. Incubation of cultured cardiomycytes with angiotensin II (Ang II) inhibited gene expression of Mfn2; induced cell hypertrophy and protein synthesis; and activated protein kinase Akt. Pretreatment of cells with AdMfn2-a replication-deficient adenoviral vector encoding rat Mfn2 gene-upregulated Mfn2 expression and subsequently attenuated Ang II-induced cell hypertrophy; protein synthesis; and Akt activation. In in vivo studies, direct gene delivery of AdMfn2 into myocardium decreased the infusion of Ang II-induced atrial natriuretic factor (ANF, a hypertrophic marker) expression and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Consistently, upregulation of Mfn2 in myocardium decreased the thicknesses of anterior and posterior walls of left ventricle (LV) and the ratio of LV mass/body weight in Ang II-treated rats. Of note, AdGFP (control for AdMfn2) did not affect the effects of Ang II in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of Mfn2 inhibits Ang II-induced myocardial hypertrophy. In this process, inhibition of Akt activation seems to play a significant role. These findings indicate Mfn2 is a critical protein in modulating myocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
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24
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Roles of Ets-1 and p70S6 kinase in chondrogenic and gliogenic specification of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells. Mech Dev 2010; 127:169-82. [PMID: 20085809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been shown to promote the chondrogenic and gliogenic specification of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells through Notch signaling [Nakanishi, K., Chan, S.Y., Ito, K., 2007. Notch signaling is required for the chondrogenic specification of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells. Mech. Dev. 124, 190-203; Ijuin, K., Nakanishi, K., Ito, K., 2008. Different downstream pathways for Notch signaling are required for gliogenic and chondrogenic specification of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells. Mech. Dev. 125, 462-474]. In the present study, we analyzed FGF signaling pathways in chondrogenic and gliogenic specification. The promotion of chondrogenesis by FGF-2 was significantly suppressed by U0126, an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk) pathway, and by Erk-1 siRNA. Chondrogenesis was also prevented by the dominant negative Ets-1 expression vector. In contrast, Ets-1 was irrelevant to gliogenesis. The promotion of gliogenesis by FGF-2 was not only inhibited by U0126 but also by LY294002 and rapamycin, inhibitors of the Akt pathway, and by Akt-1 siRNA. Furthermore, gliogenesis was dramatically prevented by blocking the expression of p70S6 kinase (p70S6k), which is activated by both the Erk and Akt pathways, with p70S6k siRNA. These results suggest that Ets-1 activated by the Erk pathway promotes chondrogenic specification and p70S6k activated by both the Erk and Akt pathways plays an important role in gliogenic specification.
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25
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Lee SK, Kim Y, Kim SS, Lee JH, Cho K, Lee SS, Lee ZW, Kwon KH, Kim YH, Suh-Kim H, Yoo JS, Park YM. Differential expression of cell surface proteins in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured with or without basic fibroblast growth factor containing medium. Proteomics 2009; 9:4389-405. [PMID: 19655310 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, which have the capability to differentiate into various mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. However, they lose the capability of multi-lineage differentiation after several passages. It is known that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increases growth rate, differentiation potential, and morphological changes of MSCs in vitro. In this report, we have used 2-DE coupled to MS to identify differentially expressed proteins at the cell membrane level in MSCs growing in bFGF containing medium. The cell surface proteins isolated by the biotin-avidin affinity column were separated by 2-DE in triplicate experiments. A total of 15 differentially expressed proteins were identified by quadrupole-time of flight tandem MS. Nine of the proteins were upregulated and six proteins were downregulated in the MSCs cultured with bFGF containing medium. The expression level of three actin-related proteins, F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1, actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2, and myosin regulatory light chain 2, was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results indicate that the expression levels of F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1, actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2, and myosin regulatory light chain 2 are important in bFGF-induced morphological change of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kwang Lee
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Ge C, Xiao G, Jiang D, Yang Q, Hatch NE, Roca H, Franceschi RT. Identification and functional characterization of ERK/MAPK phosphorylation sites in the Runx2 transcription factor. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32533-43. [PMID: 19801668 PMCID: PMC2781667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Runx2 transcription factor is required for commitment of mesenchymal cells to bone lineages and is a major regulator of osteoblast-specific gene expression. Runx2 is subject to a number of post-transcriptional controls including selective proteolysis and phosphorylation. We previously reported that Runx2 is phosphorylated and activated by the ERK/MAPK pathway (Xiao, G., Jiang, D., Thomas, P., Benson, M. D., Guan, K., Karsenty, G., and Franceschi, R. T. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4453-4459). In this study, we used a combination of in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation analysis, mass spectroscopy, and functional assays to identify two sites at Ser(301) and Ser(319) within the proline/serine/threonine domain of Runx2 that are required for this regulation. These sites are phosphorylated by activated ERK1 in vitro and in cell culture. In addition to confirming ERK-dependent phosphorylation at Ser(319), mass spectroscopy identified two other ERK-phosphorylated sites at Ser(43) and Ser(510). Furthermore, introduction of S301A,S319A mutations rendered Runx2 resistant to MAPK-dependent activation and reduced its ability to stimulate osteoblast-specific gene expression and differentiation after transfection into Runx2-null calvarial cells and mesenchymal cells. In contrast, S301E,S319E Runx2 mutants had enhanced transcriptional activity that was minimally dependent on MAPK signaling, consistent with the addition of a negative charge mimicking serine phosphorylation. These results emphasize the important role played by Runx2 phosphorylation in the control of osteoblast gene expression and provide a mechanism to explain how physiological signals acting on bone through the ERK/MAPK pathway can stimulate osteoblast-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Ge
- From the
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- the
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240
| | - Di Jiang
- From the
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Qian Yang
- From the
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- From the
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Hernan Roca
- From the
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- From the
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078 and
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27
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Farhat FP, Martins CB, Ribeiro Graciani De Lima LH, Isoldi MC, Castrucci AMDL. MELANOPSIN AND CLOCK GENES: REGULATION BY LIGHT AND ENDOTHELIN IN THE ZEBRAFISH ZEM-2S CELL LINE. Chronobiol Int 2009; 26:1090-119. [DOI: 10.3109/07420520903249005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Imai A, Sugiyama M, Furui T, Tamaya T. Gi protein-mediated translocation of serine/threonine phosphatase to the plasma membrane and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 26:37-41. [PMID: 16390708 DOI: 10.1080/01443610500378590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a crucial enzyme in apoptosis control, has been demonstrated within the plasma membrane as well as in the soluble fraction. This study aimed to examine hormonal translocation of PP2A to the plasma membrane in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-responsive ovarian cancer cells. Apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines Caov-3 and SK-Ov-3 was quantified by nuclear morphology after staining with Hoechst 33342 dye. PP2A protein and activity in plasma membrane were assessed by immunohistochemical staining with PP2A-specific antibodies and by the measurement of the dephosphorylation of phosphopeptide highly selective for the PP2A, respectively. Incubation for 48 h with a GnRH antagonist cetrorelix caused parallel increases in the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and the membrane-associated PP2A activity; half-maximal effects occurred with 5 nmol/l cetrorelix. PP2A protein was also localised to the plasma membrane when the cell lines were exposed to cetrorelix. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, but not cholera toxin, completely inhibited cetrorelix-stimulated apoptotic cell death and PP2A redistribution. These findings demonstrate that translocation of PP2A to plasma membrane is closely coupled to the onset of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells exposed to GnRH antagonist. These GnRH-induced cellular events may be mediated through pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein-linked GnRH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
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29
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Chakraborty S, Kang B, Huang F, Guo YL. Mouse embryonic stem cells lacking p38alpha and p38delta can differentiate to endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. Differentiation 2009; 78:143-50. [PMID: 19539422 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (p38) are important signaling molecules that regulate various cellular processes. Four isoforms of p38 family, p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma, and p38delta, have been identified in mammalian cells. Previous studies have shown that p38alpha knockout is embryonic lethal in mice. At the cellular level, p38alpha is abundantly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but p38alpha knockout (p38alpha-/-) ESCs can differentiate to endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and neurons. We speculate that the lost function of p38alpha in p38alpha-/- ESCs may be compensated for by the redundant function of other isoforms. To test this hypothesis, we used siRNA approach to knock down the expression of p38delta, the second abundant isoform in ESCs. ESCs stably expressing p38delta siRNA were established from p38alpha-/- ESCs, resulting in 80% reduction of p38delta mRNA expression. However, these ESCs, deficient of both p38alpha and p38delta, could still differentiate into ECs and SMCs. We extended our investigation to test if these cells can differentiate into epithelial cells in which p38delta has been shown to regulate epidermis differentiation. Our results demonstrate again that ESC differentiation to epithelial cells is independent of p38alpha and p38delta. We conclude that p38alpha and p38delta are not essential for ESC differentiating into ECs, SMCs, or epithelial cells although numerous studies have shown that the two kinases regulate various cellular activities in aforementioned cells. Our results highlight the possibility that p38 MAP kinases may play less significant roles in ESC differentiation than in the regulation of cellular activities of fully differentiated somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samujjwal Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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30
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Bouma HR, Ploeg RJ, Schuurs TA. Signal transduction pathways involved in brain death-induced renal injury. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:989-97. [PMID: 19422328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys derived from brain death organ donors show an inferior survival when compared to kidneys derived from living donors. Brain death is known to induce organ injury by evoking an inflammatory response in the donor. Neuronal injury triggers an inflammatory response in the brain, leading to endothelial dysfunction and the release of cytokines in the circulation. Serum levels of interleukin-6, -8, -10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are increased after brain death. Binding with cytokine-receptors in kidneys stimulates activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), selectins, adhesion molecules and production of chemokines leading to cellular influx. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-kinases) mediate inflammatory responses and together with NF-kappaB they seem to play an important role in brain death induced renal injury. Altering the activation state of MAP-kinases could be a promising drug target for early intervention to reduce cerebral injury related donor kidney damage and improve outcome after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute of Drug Exploration, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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D'Souza WN, Chang CF, Fischer AM, Li M, Hedrick SM. The Erk2 MAPK regulates CD8 T cell proliferation and survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7617-29. [PMID: 19017950 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of T cell responses is determined by proliferation and survival decisions made by the responding cells. We now demonstrate that the Erk MAPK pathway plays a critical role in these cell fate decisions within CD8 T cells. While Erk1 is dispensable for all aspects of CD8 T cell activation, Erk2 is required for the proliferation of CD8 T cells activated in the absence of costimulation. Surprisingly, Erk2 is not required for proliferation following the addition of a costimulatory signal in vitro, or upon viral infection in vivo, but regulates the size of the responding population by enhancing cell survival. An important component of this Erk2-derived signal is the transcriptional regulation of Bcl-2 family members Bcl-x(L) and Bim, and impaired Erk2-deficient CD8 T cell survival can be rescued by genetic ablation of Bim. These studies ascribe multifaceted functions specific to Erk2 in CD8 T cell activation, proliferation, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren N D'Souza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Science, Molecular Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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32
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Mendis C, Campbell K, Das R, Yang D, Jett M. Effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK591 on early molecular and signaling events induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FEBS J 2008; 275:3088-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Voong LN, Slater AR, Kratovac S, Cressman DE. Mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 regulates the class II transactivator. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9031-9. [PMID: 18245089 PMCID: PMC2431044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706487200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of major histocompatibility class II genes is necessary for proper antigen presentation and induction of an immune response. This expression is initiated by the class II transactivator, CIITA. The establishment of the active form of CIITA is controlled by a series of post-translational events, including GTP binding, ubiquitination, and dimerization. However, the role of phosphorylation is less clearly defined as are the consequences of phosphorylation on CIITA activity and the identity of the kinases involved. In this study we show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) interact directly with CIITA, targeting serine residues in the amino terminus of the protein, including serine 288. Inhibition of this phosphorylation by dominant-negative forms of ERK or by treatment of cells with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 resulted in the increase in CIITA-mediated gene expression from a class II promoter, enhanced the nuclear concentration of CIITA, and impaired its ability to bind to the nuclear export factor, CRM1. In contrast, inhibition of ERK1/2 activity had little effect on serine-to-alanine mutant forms of CIITA. These data suggest a model whereby ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of CIITA down-regulates CIITA activity by priming it for nuclear export, thus providing a means for cells to tightly regulate the extent of antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilien N Voong
- Department of Biology, Sarah Lawrence College, 1 Mead Way, Bronxville, NY 10708, USA
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34
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Guo YL, Ye J, Huang F. p38alpha MAP kinase-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate to endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurons. Dev Dyn 2008; 236:3383-92. [PMID: 17994546 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
p38 MAP kinase alpha (p38alpha) regulates various cellular processes in adult cells, but little is known about its function in stem cells. We investigated the potential of wild type and p38alpha deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and neurons. Our differentiation methods allowed simultaneous development of all these cell types. ECs formed monolayers similar to mature ECs and could assemble into vessel-like structures. SMCs had well-organized actin filaments with morphology similar to adult SMCs. Neurons exhibited well-developed cell bodies and elongated axons. Deletion of the p38alpha gene did not significantly compromise ESC differentiation since p38alpha-/- cells could express cell-specific markers and displayed similar overall morphology to the cells differentiated from p38alpha+/+ ESCs. Although p38alpha regulates various cellular activities of adult SMCs, ECs, and neurons, our data demonstrate that p38alpha is not essential for ESC differentiation to these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA.
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35
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Li C, Ge B, Nicotra M, Stern JNH, Kopcow HD, Chen X, Strominger JL. JNK MAP kinase activation is required for MTOC and granule polarization in NKG2D-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:3017-22. [PMID: 18287025 PMCID: PMC2268577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712310105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the activating receptor NKG2D with its ligands is a major stimulatory pathway for cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. Here, the signaling pathway involved after NKG2D ligation is examined. Either incubation of the NKG2D-bearing human NKL tumor cell line with K562 target cells or cross-linking with NKG2D mAb induced strong activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Selective inhibition of JNK MAP kinase with four different means of inhibition greatly reduced NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity toward target cells and furthermore, blocked the movement of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC), granzyme B (a component of cytotoxic granules), and paxillin (a scaffold protein) to the immune synapse. NKG2D-induced activation of JNK kinase was also blocked by inhibitors of Src protein tyrosine kinases and phospholipase PLCgamma, upstream of JNK. Similarly, a second MAP kinase pathway through ERK was previously shown to be required for NK cell cytotoxicity. Thus, activation of two MAP kinase pathways is required for cytotoxic granule and MTOC polarization and for cytotoxicity of human NK cells when NKG2D is ligated.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Cell Polarity/immunology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microtubule-Organizing Center/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
- Paxillin/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Matthew Nicotra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Joel N. H. Stern
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Hernan D. Kopcow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jack L. Strominger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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36
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Izevbigie EB, Howard CB, Lee KS. V. Amygdalina: Folk Medicine, Analysis, and Potential Application for Cancer Treatment. CURR PHARM ANAL 2008; 4:20-24. [PMID: 27134615 DOI: 10.2174/157341208783497579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Folk medicine (FM) is practiced by people without access to conventional medical services; it usually involves the use of natural remedies such as herbs or vegetable substances. Before the use of pharmaceutical drugs, and surgical procedures, these healing methods were used, and are still in use today. It is estimated that twenty five percent of all therapeutic drugs trace their origins to plants, and almost two-thirds of the people of the world rely on their healing powers. One hundred years ago, health care in the U.S. was provided by a highly competitive medical sect, and quite infrequently, folk medicine practitioners were patronized. However, FM usage in the U.S. has increased drastically during the past decade. National surveys of adults (18 years of age or older) show that one in three adults use unconventional therapies or Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the U.S. The rate of CAM usage is more than eighty percent among cancer patients. Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is well known for its medicinal importance. Fractionation of the VA extracts with solvents of varying polarities, by silica gels analyses, UV Spectrophotometer, HPLC, TLC and NMR techniques have yielded some biologically-active fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B Izevbigie
- The Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Phytoceuticals, Cancer Prevention and Therapies, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - C B Howard
- NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - K S Lee
- NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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37
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Duchêne S, Audouin E, Crochet S, Duclos MJ, Dupont J, Tesseraud S. Involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in insulin-induced S6K1 activation in avian cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 34:63-73. [PMID: 17166687 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, insulin regulates S6K1, a key enzyme involved in the control of protein synthesis, via the well-documented phosphoinositide-3'kinase (PI3K) pathway. Conversely, S6K1 is activated by insulin in avian muscle despite the relative insulin insensitivity of the PI3K pathway in this tissue. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is another insulin sensitive pathway. The aim of this study was to explore the potential involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in the control of p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) in avian species. Firstly, we characterized ERK1/2 MAPK in various chicken tissues. ERK2 was the only isoform detected in avian species whatever the tissue studied. We also showed that ERK2 is activated in vivo by insulin in chicken muscle. The regulation and the role of ERK2 in insulin signaling were next investigated in chicken hepatoma cells (LMH) and primary myoblasts. Insulin stimulation led to ERK2 and S6K1 phosphorylation, and concomitantly increased kinase activity. U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK MAPK pathway, completely abolished insulin-induced S6K1 phosphorylation and activity in chicken myoblasts, whereas its effect was only partial in LMH cells. In conclusion, these results show that ERK1/2 MAPK is involved in the control of S6K1 by insulin in chicken cells, particularly myoblasts.
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Effects of steroids, interferon-2B, or interluekin 1B on apoptosis of fibroblasts from keloid, hypertrophic scars, and normal skin and related signal pathway. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-007-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Koike C, Moore R, Negishi M. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase is an endogenous signal retaining the nuclear constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) in the cytoplasm of mouse primary hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71:1217-21. [PMID: 17314319 PMCID: PMC2100393 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.034538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR) is sequestered in the cytoplasm of liver cells before its activation by therapeutic drugs and xenobiotics such as phenobarbital (PB) and 1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP) in mouse liver, the regulatory mechanism of which remains poorly understood. Given the finding that epidermal growth factor repressed PB activation of CAR-mediated transcription (Mol Pharmacol 65:172-180, 2004), here we investigated the regulatory role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated signal in sequestering CAR in the cytoplasm of mouse primary hepatocytes. HGF treatment effectively repressed the induction of endogenous CYP2b10 gene by PB and TCPOBOP in mouse primary hepatocytes. On the other hand, inhibition by 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(methylthio)butadiene (U0126) of an HGF downstream kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) induced the Cyp2b10 gene and up-regulated the CAR-regulated promoter activity in the absence of TCPOBOP. HGF treatment increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in the cytosol, thus decreasing the TCPOBOP-induced nuclear accumulation of CAR. In contrast, U0126 dephosphorylated ERK1/2 and increased nuclear CAR accumulation in the absence of TCPOBOP. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the HGF-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is the endogenous signal that sequesters CAR in the cytoplasm of mouse primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Koike
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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40
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Chen H, Bai J, Ye J, Liu Z, Chen R, Mao W, Li A, Zhou J. JWA as a functional molecule to regulate cancer cells migration via MAPK cascades and F-actin cytoskeleton. Cell Signal 2007; 19:1315-27. [PMID: 17336041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 01/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are thought to mediate diverse biological functions such as cell growth, differentiation and migration. Activated MAPK may affect microtubule (MT) which is essential for cellular polarity, differentiation and motility. Data in this study show that JWA, a newly identified novel microtubule-associated protein (MAP) was essential for the rearrangement of F-actin cytoskeleton and activation of MAPK cascades induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and phorbol ester (PMA). Over-expression of JWA alone in HeLa, B16 and HCCLM3 cancer cells effectively inhibited cellular migration; whereas, cellular migration was significantly accelerated when cells were deficient in JWA expression. The mechanism underlying these phenomena might be due to JWA affected F-actin rearrangement. Furthermore, JWA deficiency blocked anti-migratory effect produced by As2O3 but enhanced the migratory effect initiated by PMA in HeLa cells. JWA SDR-SLR motifs are not only critical for the MAPK cascades activation, but also for cell migration. Further studies found that JWA differentially regulated cell migration via ERK downstream effectors focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, JWA regulated-tumor cellular migration might involve MAPK cascades activation and F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement mechanisms. Our data provide an unexpected role for JWA in tumor cell migration behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Chen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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Mazharian A, Roger S, Berrou E, Adam F, Kauskot A, Nurden P, Jandrot-Perrus M, Bryckaert M. Protease-activating receptor-4 induces full platelet spreading on a fibrinogen matrix: involvement of ERK2 and p38 and Ca2+ mobilization. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:5478-87. [PMID: 17200114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609881200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the involvement of protease-activating receptor PAR1 and PAR4 is well established in platelet aggregation, their role in platelet adhesion and spreading has yet to be characterized. We investigated platelet adhesion and spreading on a fibrinogen matrix after PAR1 and PAR4 stimulation in correlation with the activation of two MAPKs, ERK2 and p38. Of the two PAR-activating peptides (PAR-APs), PAR1-AP and PAR4-AP, which both induce adhesion, only PAR4-AP induced full platelet spreading. Although both PAR1-AP and PAR4-AP induced ADP secretion, which is required for platelet spreading, only PAR4-AP induced sustained Ca(2+) mobilization. In these conditions of PAR4 induction, ERK2 and p38 activation were involved in platelet spreading but not in platelet adhesion. p38 phosphorylation was dependent on ADP signaling through P2Y12, its receptor. ERK2 phosphorylation was triggered through integrin alphaIIbbeta3 outside-in signaling and was dependent on the Rho pathway. ERK2 and p38 activation induced phosphorylation of the myosin light chain and actin polymerization, respectively, necessary for cytoskeleton reorganization. These findings provide the first evidence that thrombin requires PAR4 for the full spreading response. ERK2 and p38 and sustained Ca(2+) mobilization, involved in PAR4-induced platelet spreading, contribute to the stabilization of platelet thrombi at sites of high thrombin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mazharian
- U689 INSERM, IFR139, Hôpital Lariboisière, 8 rue Guy Patin, 75010 Paris, France
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42
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Lam HW, Lin HC, Lao SC, Gao JL, Hong SJ, Leong CW, Yue PYK, Kwan YW, Leung AYH, Wang YT, Lee SMY. The angiogenic effects ofAngelica sinensis extract on HUVEC in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2007; 103:195-211. [PMID: 17497682 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in a wide range of physiological processes such as wound healing and fetal development. Many diseases are associated with imbalances in regulation of angiogenesis, in which it is either excessive or there is insufficient blood vessel formation. Angelica sinensis (AS), commonly used in the prescriptions of Chinese medicine, is a potential candidate for curing such diseases. However, biological effects of AS on angiogenesis and underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. This investigation describes the angiogenic effects of AS extract on human endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. The extract was demonstrated, by XTT assay and microscopic cell counting, to stimulate the proliferation of HUVEC; in addition, flow cytometry analysis indicated that the extract increased the percentage of HUVEC in the S phase. The wound healing migration assay illustrated that a dramatic increase in migration could be measured in AS extract-treated HUVEC. Meanwhile, the number of invaded cells and the mean tube length were significantly increased in AS extract treatment groups. The extract was also demonstrated to promote changes in subintestinal vessels (SIVs) in zebrafish, one feature of angiogenesis. In addition, AS extract was found by real-time PCR to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression. In a bead-based immunoassay, higher levels of p38 and JNK 1/2 expression were also observed in effusions compared with control cells. All results suggest that Angelica sinensis extract can promote angiogenesis, and that the angiogenic effects involve p38 and JNK 1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio-Wa Lam
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao, China
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43
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Nyati MK, Feng FY, Maheshwari D, Varambally S, Zielske SP, Ahsan A, Chun PY, Arora VA, Davis MA, Jung M, Ljungman M, Canman CE, Chinnaiyan AM, Lawrence TS. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Down-regulates Phospho-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 via Activation of MKP-1 in Response to Radiation. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11554-9. [PMID: 17178844 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage and in radiation resistance. Although much effort has focused on the relationship between ATM and other nuclear signal transducers, little is known about interactions between ATM and mitogenic signaling pathways. In this study, we show a novel relationship between ATM kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a key mitogenic stimulator. Activation of ATM by radiation down-regulates phospho-ERK1/2 and its downstream signaling via increased expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase MKP-1 in both cell culture and tumor models. This dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 is independent of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity and is associated with radioresistance. These findings show a new function for ATM in the control of mitogenic pathways affecting cell signaling and emphasize the key role of ATM in coordinating the cellular response to DNA damage.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/radiation effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- DNA Damage
- DNA Replication
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Immediate-Early Proteins/radiation effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/radiation effects
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Phosphatase 1
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/radiation effects
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Son DJ, Lim Y, Park YH, Chang SK, Yun YP, Hong JT, Takeoka GR, Lee KG, Lee SE, Kim MR, Kim JH, Park BS. Inhibitory effects of Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark extract on platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through suppressions of arachidonic acid liberation and ERK1/2 MAPK activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 108:148-51. [PMID: 16766151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The antiplatelet and antiproliferative activities of extract of Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark (taheebo) were investigated using washed rabbit platelets and cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. n-Hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed marked and selective inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid (AA) in a dose-dependent manner. These fractions, especially the chloroform fraction, also significantly suppressed AA liberation induced by collagen in [(3)H]AA-labeled rabbit platelets. The fractions, especially the chloroform fraction, potently inhibited cell proliferation and DNA synthesis induced by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and inhibited the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by PDGF-BB, in the same concentration range that inhibits VSMC proliferation and DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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45
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Buitrago CG, Ronda AC, de Boland AR, Boland R. MAP kinases p38 and JNK are activated by the steroid hormone 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in the C2C12 muscle cell line. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:698-708. [PMID: 16215981 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In chick skeletal muscle cell primary cultures, we previously demonstrated that 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3], the hormonally active form of vitamin D, increases the phosphorylation and activity of the extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase isoforms ERK1 and ERK2, their subsequent translocation to the nucleus and involvement in DNA synthesis stimulation. In this study, we show that other members of the MAP kinase superfamily are also activated by the hormone. Using the muscle cell line C2C12 we found that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 within 1 min phosphorylates and increases the activity of p38 MAPK. The immediately upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/MKK6) were also phosphorylated by the hormone suggesting their participation in p38 activation. 1Alpha,25(OH)2D3 was able to dephosphorylate/activate the ubiquitous cytosolic tyrosine kinase c-Src in C2C12 cells and studies with specific inhibitors imply that Src participates in hormone induced-p38 activation. Of relevance, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 induced in the C2C12 line the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activating protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP-kinase 2) and subsequent phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in a p38 kinase activation-dependent manner. Treatment with the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, blocked p38 phosphorylation caused by the hormone and inhibited the phosphorylation of its downstrean substrates. 1Alpha,25(OH)2D3 also promotes the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK 1/2), the response is fast (0.5-1 min) and maximal phosphorylation of the enzyme is observed at physiological doses of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (1 nM). The relative contribution of ERK-1/2, p38, and JNK-1/2 and their interrelationships in hormonal regulation of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Buitrago
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica & Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Pandya N, Santani D, Jain S. Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinases in Cardiovascular Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:247-54. [PMID: 16252017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2005.tb00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade important advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular events underlying cellular responses to extracellular signals. Increased understanding of signal transduction mechanisms and gene regulation involved in cardiovascular diseases has created opportunities for the discovery of novel therapeutic compounds useful for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. One of the best-studied signalling routes is the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signal transduction pathway, which plays a crucial role in many aspects of cardiovascular responses. Here, our current understanding of the MAP kinase pathway is reviewed, as well as recent advances in the design of novel agents that are able to modulate the activity of these signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy and Research, Wadhwan City-363030, Dist. Surendranagar, India.
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47
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Zhuang ZH, Zhou Y, Yu MC, Silverman N, Ge BX. Regulation of Drosophila p38 activation by specific MAP2 kinase and MAP3 kinase in response to different stimuli. Cell Signal 2006; 18:441-8. [PMID: 16014325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli and environmental stress. Activation of p38 is mediated through phosphorylation by upstream MAPKK, which in turn is activated by MAPKKK. However, the mechanism of how different upstream MAP2Ks and MAP3Ks specifically contribute to p38 activation in response to different stimuli is still not clearly understood. By using double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in Drosophila cells, we demonstrate that D-MKK3 is a major MAP2K responsible for D-p38 activation by UV, heat shock, NaCl or peptiodglycan (PGN). Stimulation of UV and PGN activates D-p38 through D-MEKK1, heat shock-induced activation of D-p38 signals through both D-MEKK1 and D-ASK1. On the other hand, maximal activation of D-p38 by NaCl requires the expression of four MAP3Ks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Heng Zhuang
- Signal Transduction Lab of Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences [corrected] Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [corrected] PR China
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48
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Wang JHC, Thampatty BP. An introductory review of cell mechanobiology. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2006; 5:1-16. [PMID: 16489478 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-005-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loads induce changes in the structure, composition, and function of living tissues. Cells in tissues are responsible for these changes, which cause physiological or pathological alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This article provides an introductory review of the mechanobiology of load-sensitive cells in vivo, which include fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Many studies have shown that mechanical loads affect diverse cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, ECM gene and protein expression, and the production of soluble factors. Major cellular components involved in the mechanotransduction mechanisms include the cytoskeleton, integrins, G proteins, receptor tyrosine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stretch-activated ion channels. Future research in the area of cell mechanobiology will require novel experimental and theoretical methodologies to determine the type and magnitude of the forces experienced at the cellular and sub-cellular levels and to identify the force sensors/receptors that initiate the cascade of cellular and molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H-C Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 210 Lothrop St. BST, E1640, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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49
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Chang X, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Inhibition of growth factor-induced Ras signaling in vascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis by 3,3'-diindolylmethane. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:541-50. [PMID: 16199440 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), an indole derivative produced on consumption of broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to have multiple anticancer effects in both in vivo and in vitro models. The present study was carried out to clarify the mechanism of DIM's antiangiogenic activity. We found that DIM can inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Consistent with this inhibition, VEGF-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was greatly reduced. However, VEGF receptor phosphorylation induced by VEGF was not affected by DIM, indicating that DIM does not exert a direct and specific effect on the tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor. Further studies showed that DIM had a similar inhibitory effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by a variety of growth factors. Furthermore, Ras-GTP content, which dramatically increased after HUVECs were challenged by either individual growth factors or serum, was reduced by approximately 80% with 25 muM DIM treatment, which in turn resulted in the reduced activities of Raf and MEK, culminating in the drop of ERK1/2 activation. Overexpression of constitutively active GTPase mutant, Ras G12V, in HUVECs reversed the inhibitory effect of DIM on ERK1/2 activation. In a rodent Matrigel plug model, the presence of DIM strongly reduced VEGF-induced neovascularization, indicating that DIM is active in vivo. These data provide evidence that DIM inhibits Ras signaling induced by VEGF and other growth factors, which interferes with its downstream biological effects necessary for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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50
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Singh SK, Sarkar C, Mallick S, Saha B, Bera R, Bhadra R. Human placental lipid induces melanogenesis through p38 MAPK in B16F10 mouse melanoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 18:113-21. [PMID: 15760340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanogenesis is one of the characteristic functional activities of melanocyte/melanoma and is regulated via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) pathways. Placental total lipid fraction (PTLF), prepared from a hydroalcoholic extract of fresh term human placenta contains sphingolipids and was recently shown to stimulate melanogenesis via up-regulation of the key enzyme tyrosinase in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. How such lipids mediate their effects on pigmentation and tyrosinase expression is a particularly important aspect of melanogenesis. To study the signaling that leads to tyrosinase expression, we have investigated the roles of the MAPK and Akt/PKB pathways in B16F10 melanoma cells in melanogenesis in response to PTLF. Treatment of cells with PTLF led to the time dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, completely blocked the PTLF-induced melanogenesis by inhibiting promoter activity and subsequent expression of tyrosinase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002 a blocker of the Akt signaling pathway, or an inhibitor of MEK (MAPK/ERK Kinase), PD98059 when included along with PTLF was found to potentiate PTLF-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK together with tyrosinase expression and melanogenesis. The results suggest that the activation of p38 MAPK plays a crucial role in PTLF-induced B16F10 melanogenesis by up-regulating tyrosinase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Singh
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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