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Bell M, Lange S, Sejdiu BI, Ibanez J, Shi H, Sun X, Meng X, Nguyen P, Sutton M, Wagner J, Kc A, Langfitt D, Patil SL, Tan H, Pandey RV, Li Y, Yuan ZF, Anido AA, Ho M, Sheppard H, Vogel P, Yu J, Peng J, Chi H, Babu MM, Krenciute G, Gottschalk S. Modular chimeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers enhance the antitumour activity of CAR T cells via JAK/STAT signalling. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:380-396. [PMID: 38036617 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of cytokines in solid tumours hinders maintenance of the antitumour activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Cytokine receptor signalling pathways in CAR T cells can be activated by transgenic expression or injection of cytokines in the tumour, or by engineering the activation of cognate cytokine receptors. However, these strategies are constrained by toxicity arising from the activation of bystander cells, by the suboptimal biodistribution of the cytokines and by downregulation of the cognate receptor. Here we show that replacement of the extracellular domains of heterodimeric cytokine receptors in T cells with two leucine zipper motifs provides optimal Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling. Such chimeric cytokine receptors, which can be generated for common γ-chain receptors, interleukin-10 and -12 receptors, enabled T cells to survive cytokine starvation without induction of autonomous cell growth, and augmented the effector function of CAR T cells in vitro in the setting of chronic antigen exposure and in human tumour xenografts in mice. As a modular design, leucine zippers can be used to generate constitutively active cytokine receptors in effector immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bell
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shannon Lange
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Besian I Sejdiu
- Center of Excellence for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jorge Ibanez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Sutton
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anil Kc
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deanna Langfitt
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sagar L Patil
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Haiyan Tan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ram Vinay Pandey
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alejandro Allo Anido
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Madan Babu
- Center of Excellence for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Baumgartner F, Bamopoulos SA, Faletti L, Hsiao HJ, Holz M, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Solé-Boldo L, Horne A, Gosavi S, Özerdem C, Singh N, Liebig S, Ramamoorthy S, Lehmann M, Demel U, Kühl AA, Wartewig T, Ruland J, Wunderlich FT, Schick M, Walther W, Rose-John S, Haas S, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Feske S, Ehl S, Glauben R, Keller U. Activation of gp130 signaling in T cells drives T H17-mediated multi-organ autoimmunity. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadc9662. [PMID: 38377177 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adc9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling axis is a major regulator of inflammation. Activating mutations in the gene encoding gp130 and germline gain-of-function mutations in STAT3 (STAT3GOF) are associated with multi-organ autoimmunity, severe morbidity, and adverse prognosis. To dissect crucial cellular subsets and disease biology involved in activated gp130 signaling, the gp130-JAK-STAT3 axis was constitutively activated using a transgene, L-gp130, specifically targeted to T cells. Activating gp130 signaling in T cells in vivo resulted in fatal, early onset, multi-organ autoimmunity in mice that resembled human STAT3GOF disease. Female mice had more rapid disease progression than male mice. On a cellular level, gp130 signaling induced the activation and effector cell differentiation of T cells, promoted the expansion of T helper type 17 (TH17) cells, and impaired the activity of regulatory T cells. Transcriptomic profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from these mice revealed commonly dysregulated genes and a gene signature that, when applied to human transcriptomic data, improved the segregation of patients with transcriptionally diverse STAT3GOF mutations from healthy controls. The findings demonstrate that increased gp130-STAT3 signaling leads to TH17-driven autoimmunity that phenotypically resembles human STAT3GOF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Baumgartner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanos A Bamopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hsiang-Jung Hsiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Holz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, a partnership between DKFZ and Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Llorenç Solé-Boldo
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arik Horne
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sanket Gosavi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ceren Özerdem
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikita Singh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Liebig
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malte Lehmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- iPATH.Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Demel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Wartewig
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank T Wunderlich
- Obesity and Cancer, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- EPO GmbH Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Haas
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ - ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, a partnership between DKFZ and Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Gaggioli MR, Jones AG, Panagi I, Washington EJ, Loney RE, Muench JH, Brennan RG, Thurston TLM, Ko DC. A single amino acid in the Salmonella effector SarA/SteE triggers supraphysiological activation of STAT3 for anti-inflammatory target gene expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580367. [PMID: 38405869 PMCID: PMC10888966 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica cause an estimated 1 million cases of gastroenteritis annually in the United States. These serovars use secreted protein effectors to mimic and reprogram host cellular functions. We previously discovered that the secreted effector SarA (Salmonella anti-inflammatory response activator; also known as SteE) was required for increased intracellular replication of S. Typhimurium and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). SarA facilitates phosphorylation of STAT3 through a region of homology with the host cytokine receptor gp130. Here, we demonstrate that a single amino acid difference between SarA and gp130 is critical for the anti-inflammatory bias of SarA-STAT3 signaling. An isoleucine at the pY+1 position of the YxxQ motif in SarA (which binds the SH2 domain in STAT3) causes increased STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of anti-inflammatory target genes. This isoleucine, completely conserved in ~4000 Salmonella isolates, renders SarA a better substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation by GSK-3. GSK-3 is canonically a serine/threonine kinase that nonetheless undergoes tyrosine autophosphorylation at a motif that has an invariant isoleucine at the pY+1 position. Our results provide a molecular basis for how a Salmonella secreted effector achieves supraphysiological levels of STAT3 activation to control host genes during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angela G. Jones
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ioanna Panagi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erica J. Washington
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rachel E. Loney
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Richard G. Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Teresa L. M. Thurston
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Lead contact
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Rose-John S, Jenkins BJ, Garbers C, Moll JM, Scheller J. Targeting IL-6 trans-signalling: past, present and future prospects. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:666-681. [PMID: 37069261 PMCID: PMC10108826 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key immunomodulatory cytokine that affects the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Classical IL-6 signalling involves the binding of IL-6 to the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor α-subunit (hereafter termed 'mIL-6R') and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) signal-transducing subunit. By contrast, in IL-6 trans-signalling, complexes of IL-6 and the soluble form of IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) signal via membrane-bound gp130. A third mode of IL-6 signalling - known as cluster signalling - involves preformed complexes of membrane-bound IL-6-mIL-6R on one cell activating gp130 subunits on target cells. Antibodies and small molecules have been developed that block all three forms of IL-6 signalling, but in the past decade, IL-6 trans-signalling has emerged as the predominant pathway by which IL-6 promotes disease pathogenesis. The first selective inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signalling, sgp130, has shown therapeutic potential in various preclinical models of disease and olamkicept, a sgp130Fc variant, had promising results in phase II clinical studies for inflammatory bowel disease. Technological developments have already led to next-generation sgp130 variants with increased affinity and selectivity towards IL-6 trans-signalling, along with indirect strategies to block IL-6 trans-signalling. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the biological outcomes of IL-6-mediated signalling and the potential for targeting this pathway in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rose-John
- Biochemical Institute, Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC:I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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McFarlane A, Pohler E, Moraga I. Molecular and cellular factors determining the functional pleiotropy of cytokines. FEBS J 2023; 290:2525-2552. [PMID: 35246947 PMCID: PMC10952290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble factors vital for mammalian physiology. Cytokines elicit highly pleiotropic activities, characterized by their ability to induce a wide spectrum of functional responses in a diverse range of cell subsets, which makes their study very challenging. Cytokines activate signalling via receptor dimerization/oligomerization, triggering activation of the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling pathway. Given the strong crosstalk and shared usage of key components of cytokine signalling pathways, a long-standing question in the field pertains to how functional diversity is achieved by cytokines. Here, we discuss how biophysical - for example, ligand-receptor binding affinity and topology - and cellular - for example, receptor, JAK and STAT protein levels, endosomal compartment - parameters contribute to the modulation and diversification of cytokine responses. We review how these parameters ultimately converge into a common mechanism to fine-tune cytokine signalling that involves the control of the number of Tyr residues phosphorylated in the receptor intracellular domain upon cytokine stimulation. This results in different kinetics of STAT activation, and induction of specific gene expression programs, ensuring the generation of functional diversity by cytokines using a limited set of signalling intermediaries. We describe how these first principles of cytokine signalling have been exploited using protein engineering to design cytokine variants with more specific and less toxic responses for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McFarlane
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Chen T, Shi L, Wang D, Tang D. Regulatory role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:64. [PMID: 35546404 PMCID: PMC9097439 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence shows that the development of IBD is always accompanied by the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GM), causing a decrease in prebiotic levels and an increase in harmful metabolite levels. This leads to persistent immune response and inflammation in the intestine, greatly impairing the physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by probiotic gut bacteria from a fiber-rich diet that cannot be digested directly. SCFAs with significant anti-inflammatory functions regulate immune function and prevent an excessive immune response, thereby delaying the clinical progression of IBD. In this review, we summarize the generation of SCFAs and their potential therapeutic effects on IBD. Furthermore, we suggest that SCFAs may modulate innate immune recognition and cytokine production to intervene in the progression of IBD. Additional randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies should also investigate the clinical impact of SCFA. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Chen
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shi
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Daorong Wang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001 People’s Republic of China
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7
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Woo JH, Park SJ, Park SM, Joe E, Jou I. Interleukin‐6 signaling requires EHD1‐mediated alteration of membrane rafts. FEBS J 2022; 289:5914-5932. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hong Woo
- Inflamm‐aging Translational Research Center Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Inflamm‐aging Translational Research Center Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Eun‐hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Inflamm‐aging Translational Research Center Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
- Department of Pharmacology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
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8
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Rose-John S. Local and systemic effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in inflammation and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:557-566. [PMID: 34738234 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine, the level of which is highly elevated in most, if not all, inflammatory states. IL-6 triggers cell type-specific responses and acts on target cells via a specific interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), which, together with IL-6, binds to and induces the dimerization of a second receptor subunit, gp130. IL-6 also binds to soluble IL-6R, and this complex interacts with gp130, regardless of IL-6R expression. This allows cells that do not express IL-6R and would be otherwise insensitive to IL-6 to respond to it. We have generated a constitutively active version of gp130 by forced leucine-zipper-mediated dimerization, named L-gp130. Once inserted into the Rosa26 locus of mice, L-gp130 can be activated in a cell-autonomous manner by crossing these mice with any Cre-recombinase transgenic mouse strain. Activation of gp130 in hepatocytes produced liver-specific effects such as the induction of acute-phase proteins, but it also had profound systemic effects on the immune system. Such local and systemic effects of interleukin-6 will be reviewed.
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9
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Schumertl T, Lokau J, Rose-John S, Garbers C. Function and proteolytic generation of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119143. [PMID: 34626681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions that include development, immune cell differentiation, inflammation and cancer. IL-6 can signal via the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R, classic signaling) or via soluble forms of the IL-6R (sIL-6R, trans-signaling). Both modes of signaling induce the formation of a homodimer of the signal transducing β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and the activation of several intracellular signaling cascades, e.g. the Jak/STAT pathway. Intriguingly, only IL-6 trans-signaling is required for the pro-inflammatory properties of IL-6, while regenerative and anti-inflammatory functions are mediated via classic signaling. The sIL-6R is generated by different molecular mechanisms, including alternative mRNA splicing, proteolysis of the membrane-bound IL-6R and the release of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we give an in-depth overview on these molecular mechanisms with a special emphasize on IL-6R cleavage by the metalloprotease ADAM17 and other proteases. We discuss the biological functions of the sIL-6R and highlight attempts to selectively block IL-6 trans-signaling in pre-clinical animal models as well as in clinical studies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schumertl
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany.
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10
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Rose-John S. Blocking only the bad side of IL-6 in inflammation and cancer. Cytokine 2021; 148:155690. [PMID: 34474215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered an inflammatory cytokine, which is involved not only in most inflammatory states but it also plays a prominent role in inflammation associated cancers. The response of cells to the cytokine strictly depends on the presence of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R),which presents IL-6 to the signal transducing receptor subunit gp130, which is expressed on all cells of the body. The expression of IL-6R is limited to some cells, which are therefore IL-6 target cells. The IL-6R can be cleaved by proteases and the thus generated soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) still binds the ligand IL-6. The complex of IL-6 and sIL-6R can bind to gp130 on any cell, induce dimerization of gp130 and intracellular signaling. This process has been named IL-6 trans-signaling. A fusion protein of soluble gp130 with the constant portion of human IgG1 (sgp130Fc) turned out to be a potent and specific inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signaling. In many animal models of human diseases the significance of IL-6 trans-signaling has been analyzed. It turned out that the activities of IL-6 mediated by the sIL-6R are the pro-inflammatory activities of the cytokine whereas activities of IL-6 mediated by the membrane-bound IL-6R are rather protective and regenerative. The sgp130Fc protein has recently been developed into a biologic. The possible consequences of a specific IL-6 trans-signaling blockade is discussed in the light of the recent successfully concluded phase II clinical trials in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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11
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Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. Endosomes as Signaling Platforms for IL-6 Family Cytokine Receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688314. [PMID: 34141712 PMCID: PMC8204807 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the name-giving cytokine of a family of eleven members, including IL-6, CNTF, LIF, and IL-27. IL-6 was first recognized as a B-cell stimulating factor but we now know that the cytokine plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of inflammatory processes as well as in inflammation associated cancer. Moreover, IL-6 is involved in metabolic regulation and it has been shown to be involved in major neural activities such as neuroprotection, which can help to repair and to reduce brain damage. Receptor complexes of all members formed at the plasma membrane contain one or two molecules of the signaling receptor subunit GP130 and the mechanisms of signal transduction are well understood. IL-6 type cytokines can also signal from endomembranes, in particular the endosome, and situations have been reported in which endocytosis of receptor complexes are a prerequisite of intracellular signaling. Moreover, pathogenic GP130 variants were shown to interfere with spatial activation of downstream signals. We here summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial regulation of IL-6 family cytokine signaling and discuss its relevance for pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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12
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The two facets of gp130 signalling in liver tumorigenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:609-624. [PMID: 34047814 PMCID: PMC8443519 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ with multiple functions and a large regenerative capacity. Tumours of the liver are the second most frequently cause of cancer-related death and develop in chronically inflamed livers. IL-6-type cytokines are mediators of inflammation and almost all members signal via the receptor subunit gp130 and the downstream signalling molecule STAT3. We here summarize current knowledge on how gp130 signalling and STAT3 in tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment drives hepatic tumorigenesis. We furthermore discuss very recent findings describing also anti-tumorigenic roles of gp130/STAT3 and important considerations for therapeutic interventions.
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13
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Sharma S. Interleukin-6 Trans-signaling: A Pathway With Therapeutic Potential for Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689429. [PMID: 34093244 PMCID: PMC8170152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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14
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Schumacher N, Yan K, Gandraß M, Müller M, Krisp C, Häsler R, Carambia A, Nofer JR, Bernardes JP, Khouja M, Thomsen I, Chalupsky K, Bolik J, Hölscher C, Wunderlich T, Herkel J, Rosenstiel P, Schramm C, Schlüter H, Renné T, Mittrücker HW, Rose-John S, Schmidt-Arras D. Cell-autonomous hepatocyte-specific GP130 signaling is sufficient to trigger a robust innate immune response in mice. J Hepatol 2021; 74:407-418. [PMID: 32987028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine family members contribute to inflammatory and regenerative processes. Engagement of the signaling receptor subunit gp130 is common to almost all members of the family. In the liver, all major cell types respond to IL-6-type cytokines, making it difficult to delineate cell type-specific effects. We therefore generated mouse models for liver cell type-specific analysis of IL-6 signaling. METHODS We produced mice with a Cre-inducible expression cassette encoding a designed pre-dimerized constitutive active gp130 variant. We bred these mice to different Cre-drivers to induce transgenic gp130 signaling in distinct liver cell types: hepatic stellate cells, cholangiocytes/liver progenitor cells or hepatocytes. We phenotyped these mice using multi-omics approaches, immunophenotyping and a bacterial infection model. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific gp130 activation led to the upregulation of innate immune system components, including acute-phase proteins. Consequently, we observed peripheral mobilization and recruitment of myeloid cells to the liver. Hepatic myeloid cells, including liver-resident Kupffer cells were instructed to adopt a bactericidal phenotype which ultimately conferred enhanced resistance to bacterial infection in these mice. We demonstrate that persistent hepatocyte-specific gp130 activation resulted in amyloid A amyloidosis in aged mice. In contrast, we did not observe overt effects of hepatic stellate cell- or cholangiocyte/liver progenitor cell-specific transgenic gp130 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte-specific gp130 activation alone is sufficient to trigger a robust innate immune response in the absence of NF-κB activation. We therefore conclude that gp130 engagement, e.g. by IL-6 trans-signaling, represents a safe-guard mechanism in innate immunity. LAY SUMMARY Members of the interleukin-6 cytokine family signal via the receptor subunit gp130 and are involved in multiple processes in the liver. However, as several liver cell types respond to interleukin-6 family cytokines, it is difficult to delineate cell type-specific effects. Using a novel mouse model, we provide evidence that hepatocyte-specific gp130 activation is sufficient to trigger a robust systemic innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Schumacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Karsten Yan
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Monja Gandraß
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Miryam Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Krisp
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonella Carambia
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Joanna P Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Mouhamad Khouja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Ilka Thomsen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Bolik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Herkel
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany.
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15
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Jiang Z, Liao R, Lv J, Li S, Zheng D, Qin L, Wu D, Chen S, Long Y, Wu Q, Wang S, Lin S, Huang X, Tang Z, Shi P, Zhou H, Liu Q, Zhao R, Li Y, Jie Y, Wei W, Lai P, Du X, Cui S, Weinkove R, Liu P, Pei D, Yao Y, Li P. IL-6 trans-signaling promotes the expansion and anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells. Leukemia 2020; 35:1380-1391. [PMID: 33168950 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies lead to high clinical response rates in B cell malignancies, and are under investigation for treatment of solid tumors. While high systemic interleukin- (IL-) 6 levels are associated with clinical cytokine release syndrome (CRS), the role of IL-6 trans-signaling within CAR T-cells has not been reported. We generated CAR T cells that constitutively express hyper IL-6 (HIL-6), a designer cytokine that activates the trans-signaling pathway. HIL-6-expressing CAR T-cells exhibited enhanced proliferation and antitumor efficacy in vitro and in xenograft models. However, HIL-6 CAR T cells caused severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Transcriptomic profiling revealed that HIL-6 stimulation of CAR T cells upregulated genes associated with T cell migration, early memory differentiation, and IL-6/GP130/STAT3 signaling. Since IL-6 trans-signaling acts via surface GP130, we generated CAR T cells expressing a constitutively-active form of GP130 and found these retained improved antitumor activity without signs of GVHD in preclinical models of B-cell leukemia and solid tumors. Taken together, these results show that IL-6 trans-signaling can enhance expansion and antitumor activity of CAR T cells via the GP130/STAT3 pathway, and suggest that expression of GP130 within CAR T cells could lead to improved antitumor efficacy without systemic IL-6 trans-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Qin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suimin Chen
- Huangpu Hospital of Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Long
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- Guangdong Zhaotai Invivo Biomedicine Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jie
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, 521-523 Xing Nan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Centre, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Thilakasiri P, Huynh J, Poh AR, Tan CW, Nero TL, Tran K, Parslow AC, Afshar-Sterle S, Baloyan D, Hannan NJ, Buchert M, Scott AM, Griffin MD, Hollande F, Parker MW, Putoczki TL, Ernst M, Chand AL. Repurposing the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene to suppress gastrointestinal cancer growth. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809539. [PMID: 30885958 PMCID: PMC6460354 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive signaling through gp130, the shared receptor for the interleukin (IL)6 family of cytokines, is a common hallmark in solid malignancies and promotes their progression. Here, we established the in vivo utility of bazedoxifene, a steroid analog clinically approved for the treatment of osteoporosis, to suppress gp130‐dependent tumor growth of the gastrointestinal epithelium. Bazedoxifene administration reduced gastric tumor burden in gp130Y757F mice, where tumors arise exclusively through excessive gp130/STAT3 signaling in response to the IL6 family cytokine IL11. Likewise, in mouse models of sporadic colon and intestinal cancers, which arise from oncogenic mutations in the tumor suppressor gene Apc and the associated β‐catenin/canonical WNT pathway, bazedoxifene treatment reduces tumor burden. Consistent with the proposed orthogonal tumor‐promoting activity of IL11‐dependent gp130/STAT3 signaling, tumors of bazedoxifene‐treated Apc‐mutant mice retain excessive nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin and aberrant WNT pathway activation. Likewise, bazedoxifene treatment of human colon cancer cells harboring mutant APC did not reduce aberrant canonical WNT signaling, but suppressed IL11‐dependent STAT3 signaling. Our findings provide compelling proof of concept to support the repurposing of bazedoxifene for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers in which IL11 plays a tumor‐promoting role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Thilakasiri
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tracy L Nero
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kelly Tran
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Adam C Parslow
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - David Baloyan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew Mark Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael Dw Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Frederic Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Ashwini L Chand
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
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17
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Gibbs KD, Washington EJ, Jaslow SL, Bourgeois JS, Foster MW, Guo R, Brennan RG, Ko DC. The Salmonella Secreted Effector SarA/SteE Mimics Cytokine Receptor Signaling to Activate STAT3. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 27:129-139.e4. [PMID: 31901521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria masterfully co-opt and subvert host signal transduction. As a paradigmatic example, Salmonella uses two type-3 secretion systems to inject effector proteins that facilitate Salmonella entry, establishment of an intracellular niche, and modulation of immune responses. We previously demonstrated that the Salmonella anti-inflammatory response activator SarA (Stm2585, GogC, PagJ, SteE) activates the host transcription factor STAT3 to drive expression of immunomodulatory STAT3-targets. Here, we demonstrate-by sequence, function, and biochemical measurement-that SarA mimics the cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein 130 (gp130, IL6ST). SarA is phosphorylated at a YxxQ motif, facilitating binding to STAT3 with greater affinity than gp130. Departing from canonical gp130 signaling, SarA function is JAK-independent but requires GSK-3, a key regulator of metabolism and development. Our results reveal that SarA undergoes host phosphorylation to recruit a STAT3-activating complex, circumventing cytokine receptor activation. Effector mimicry of gp130 suggests GSK-3 can regulate normal cytokine signaling, potentially enabling metabolic and immune crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erica J Washington
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah L Jaslow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bourgeois
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew W Foster
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robyn Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard G Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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18
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ADAM17 Activity and IL-6 Trans-Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111736. [PMID: 31694340 PMCID: PMC6895846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) are transmembrane proteins, which need to be proteolytically cleaved in order to be systemically active. The major protease responsible for this cleavage is the membrane metalloprotease ADAM17, which also has been implicated in cleavage of TNFα and interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor. It has been recently shown that in the absence of ADAM17, the main protease for EGF-R ligand processing, colon cancer formation is largely abrogated. Intriguingly, colon cancer formation depends on EGF-R activity on myeloid cells rather than on intestinal epithelial cells. A major activity of EGF-R on myeloid cells is the stimulation of IL-6 synthesis. Subsequently, IL-6 together with the ADAM17 shed soluble IL-6 receptor acts on intestinal epithelial cells via IL-6 trans-signaling to induce colon cancer formation, which can be blocked by the inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signaling, sgp130Fc. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling therefore offers a new therapeutic window downstream of the EGF-R for the treatment of colon cancer and possibly of other EGF-R related neoplastic diseases.
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19
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Scherger AK, Al-Maarri M, Maurer HC, Schick M, Maurer S, Öllinger R, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Martella M, Thaler M, Pechloff K, Steiger K, Sander S, Ruland J, Rad R, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Wunderlich FT, Rose-John S, Keller U. Activated gp130 signaling selectively targets B cell differentiation to induce mature lymphoma and plasmacytoma. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128435. [PMID: 31391340 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of the glycoprotein 130 130/JAK/STAT3 (gp130/JAK/STAT3) signaling axis is a recurrent event in inflammation and cancer. In particular, it is associated with a wide range of hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma and leukemia. Novel targeted therapies have only been successful for some subtypes of these malignancies, underlining the need for developing robust mouse models to better dissect the role of this pathway in specific tumorigenic processes. Here, we investigated the role of selective gp130/JAK/STAT3 activation by generating a conditional mouse model. This model targeted constitutively active, cell-autonomous gp130 activity to B cells, as well as to the entire hematopoietic system. We found that regardless of the timing of activation in B cells, constitutively active gp130 signaling resulted in the formation specifically of mature B cell lymphomas and plasma cell disorders with full penetrance, only with different latencies, where infiltrating CD138+ cells were a dominant feature in every tumor. Furthermore, constitutively active gp130 signaling in all adult hematopoietic cells also led to the development specifically of largely mature, aggressive B cell cancers, again with a high penetrance of CD138+ tumors. Importantly, gp130 activity abrogated the differentiation block induced by a B cell-targeted Myc transgene and resulted in a complete penetrance of the gp130-associated, CD138+, mature B cell lymphoma phenotype. Thus, gp130 signaling selectively provides a strong growth and differentiation advantage for mature B cells and directs lymphomagenesis specifically toward terminally differentiated B cell cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Scherger
- Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mona Al-Maarri
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Center for Endocrinology, Preventive Medicine and Diabetes, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schick
- Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Maurer
- Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Internal Medicine II.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, and.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Martella
- Institute of Pathology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Thaler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze Pechloff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, and.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandrine Sander
- Adaptive Immunity and Lymphoma, German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, and.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Internal Medicine II.,Center for Translational Cancer Research, and.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank T Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Center for Endocrinology, Preventive Medicine and Diabetes, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology (Campus Benjamin Franklin), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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20
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Floss DM, Scheller J. Naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors in disease and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:1-20. [PMID: 31147158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines control immune related events and are critically involved in a plethora of patho-physiological processes including autoimmunity and cancer development. Mutations which cause ligand-independent, constitutive activation of cytokine receptors are quite frequently found in diseases. Many constitutive-active cytokine receptor variants have been directly connected to disease development and mechanistically analyzed. Nature's solutions to generate constitutive cytokine receptors has been recently adopted by synthetic cytokine receptor biology, with the goal to optimize immune therapeutics. Here, CAR T cell immmunotherapy represents the first example to combine synthetic biology with genetic engineering during therapy. Hence, constitutive-active cytokine receptors are therapeutic targets, but also emerging tools to improve or modulate immunotherapeutic strategies. This review gives a comprehensive insight into the field of naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Immunoreceptor Engineering and Synthetic Cytokine Signaling for Therapeutics. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:258-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Lamertz L, Floss DM, Scheller J. Combined deletion of the fibronectin-type III domains and the stalk region results in ligand-independent, constitutive activation of the Interleukin 6 signal-transducing receptor gp130. Cytokine 2018; 110:428-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Synthetic cytokine receptors transmit biological signals using artificial ligands. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2034. [PMID: 29789554 PMCID: PMC5964073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced signal transduction is executed by natural biological switches, which among many others control immune-related processes. Here, we show that synthetic cytokine receptors (SyCyRs) can induce cytokine signaling using non-physiological ligands. High-affinity GFP- and mCherry-nanobodies were fused to transmembrane and intracellular domains of the IL-6/IL-11 and IL-23 cytokine receptors gp130 and IL-12Rβ1/IL-23R, respectively. Homo- and heterodimeric GFP:mCherry fusion proteins as synthetic cytokine-like ligands were able to induce canonical signaling in vitro and in vivo. Using SyCyR ligands, we show that IL-23 receptor homodimerization results in its activation and IL-23-like signal transduction. Moreover, trimeric receptor assembly induces trans-phosphorylation among cytokine receptors with associated Janus kinases. The SyCyR technology allows biochemical analyses of transmembrane receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo, cell-specific activation through SyCyR ligands using transgenic animals and possible therapeutic regimes involving non-physiological targets during immunotherapy. Cytokine-induced signaling acts as an ON/OFF switch dependent on the presence of ligands. Here the authors construct synthetic cytokine receptors responsive to synthetic ligands able to activate canonical signaling pathways.
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24
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Shkhyan R, Van Handel B, Bogdanov J, Lee S, Yu Y, Scheinberg M, Banks NW, Limfat S, Chernostrik A, Franciozi CE, Alam MP, John V, Wu L, Ferguson GB, Nsair A, Petrigliano FA, Vangsness CT, Vadivel K, Bajaj P, Wang L, Liu NQ, Evseenko D. Drug-induced modulation of gp130 signalling prevents articular cartilage degeneration and promotes repair. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:760-769. [PMID: 29436471 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human adult articular cartilage (AC) has little capacity for repair, and joint surface injuries often result in osteoarthritis (OA), characterised by loss of matrix, hypertrophy and chondrocyte apoptosis. Inflammation mediated by interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokines has been identified as a critical driver of proarthritic changes in mouse and human joints, resulting in a feed-forward process driving expression of matrix degrading enzymes and IL-6 itself. Here we show that signalling through glycoprotein 130 (gp130), the common receptor for IL-6 family cytokines, can have both context-specific and cytokine-specific effects on articular chondrocytes and that a small molecule gp130 modulator can bias signalling towards anti-inflammatory and antidegenerative outputs. METHODS High throughput screening of 170 000 compounds identified a small molecule gp130 modulator termed regulator of cartilage growth and differentiation (RCGD 423) that promotes atypical homodimeric signalling in the absence of cytokine ligands, driving transient increases in MYC and pSTAT3 while suppressing oncostatin M- and IL-6-mediated activation of ERK and NF-κB via direct competition for gp130 occupancy. RESULTS This small molecule increased proliferation while reducing apoptosis and hypertrophic responses in adult chondrocytes in vitro. In a rat partial meniscectomy model, RCGD 423 greatly reduced chondrocyte hypertrophy, loss and degeneration while increasing chondrocyte proliferation beyond that observed in response to injury. Moreover, RCGD 423 improved cartilage healing in a rat full-thickness osteochondral defect model, increasing proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the defect and also inhibiting breakdown of cartilage matrix in de novo generated cartilage. CONCLUSION These results identify a novel strategy for AC remediation via small molecule-mediated modulation of gp130 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzanna Shkhyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jacob Bogdanov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Mila Scheinberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas W Banks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sean Limfat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur Chernostrik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Eduardo Franciozi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthoapedic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Parvez Alam
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Varghese John
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabriel B Ferguson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ali Nsair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C Thomas Vangsness
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kanagasabai Vadivel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul Bajaj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nancy Q Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Heim D, Gil-Ibanez I, Herden J, Parplys AC, Borgmann K, Schmidt-Arras D, Lohse AW, Rose-John S, Wege H. Constitutive gp130 activation rapidly accelerates the transformation of human hepatocytes via an impaired oxidative stress response. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55639-55648. [PMID: 27489351 PMCID: PMC5342442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, especially interleukin 6 (IL-6), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote carcinogenesis in the liver. In order to elucidate the underlying oncogenic mechanism, we activated the IL-6 signal transducer glycoprotein 130 (gp130) via stable expression of a constitutively active gp130 construct (L-gp130) in untransformed telomerase-immortalized human fetal hepatocytes (FH-hTERT). As known from hepatocellular adenomas, forced gp130 activation alone was not sufficient to induce malignant transformation. However, additional challenge of FH-hTERT L-gp130 clones with oxidative stress resulted in 2- to 3-fold higher ROS levels and up to 6-fold more DNA-double strand breaks (DSB). Despite increased DNA damage, ROS-challenged FH-hTERT L-gp130 clones displayed an enhanced proliferation and rapidly developed colony growth capabilities in soft agar. As driving gp130-mediated oncogenic mechanism, we detected a decreased expression of antioxidant genes, in particular glutathione peroxidase 3 and apolipoprotein E, and an absence of P21 upregulation following ROS-conferred induction of DSB. In summary, an impaired oxidative stress response in hepatocytes with gp130 gain-of-function mutations, as detected in dysplastic intrahepatic nodules and hepatocellular adenomas, is one of the central oncogenic mechanisms in chronic liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Heim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Gil-Ibanez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Herden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Parplys
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henning Wege
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Garbers C, Rose-John S. Dissecting Interleukin-6 Classic- and Trans-Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1725:127-140. [PMID: 29322414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7568-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 is a cytokine synthesized by many cells in the human body. IL-6 binds to a membrane bound IL-6R, which is only present on hepatocytes, some epithelial cells and some leukocytes. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R binds to the ubiquitously expressed receptor subunit gp130, which forms a homodimer and thereby initiates intracellular signaling via the JAK/STAT and the MAPK pathways. IL-6R expressing cells can cleave the receptor protein to generate a soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), which can still bind IL-6 and can associate with gp130 and induce signaling even on cells, which do not express IL-6R. This paradigm has been called IL-6 trans-signaling whereas signaling via the membrane bound IL-6R is referred to as classic signaling. We have generated several molecular tools to differentiate between IL-6 classic- and trans-signaling and to analyze the consequence of cellular IL-6 signaling in vivo.
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27
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Lokau J, Agthe M, Flynn CM, Garbers C. Proteolytic control of Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-6 biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Synthetic Deletion of the Interleukin 23 Receptor (IL-23R) Stalk Region Led to Autonomous IL-23R Homodimerization and Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28630278 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00014-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 23 (IL-23) regulates the development of TH17 cells, which are important for antimicrobial and antifungal responses and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-23-induced Jak/STAT signaling is mediated via the heterodimeric IL-23 receptor (IL-23R)-IL-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) complex. The typical signal-transducing receptor of the IL-6/IL-12 family contains three extracellular-membrane-proximal fibronectin type III (FNIII) domains, which are not involved in cytokine binding but are mandatory for signal transduction. In place of FNIII-type domains, IL-23R has a structurally undefined stalk. We hypothesized that the IL-23R stalk acts as a spacer to position the cytokine binding domains at a defined distance from the plasma membrane to enable signal transduction. Minor deletions of the murine, but not of the human, IL-23R stalk resulted in unresponsiveness to IL-23. Complete deletion of the human IL-23R stalk and the extended murine IL-23R stalk, including a 20-amino-acid-long duplication of domain 3, however, induced ligand-independent, autonomous receptor activation, as determined by STAT3 phosphorylation and cell proliferation. Ligand-independent, autonomous activity was caused by IL-23R homodimers and was independent of IL-12Rβ1. Our data show that deletion of the stalk results in biologically active IL-23R homodimers, thereby creating an as-yet-undescribed receptor complex of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family.
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29
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Rose-John S. The Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor: Advanced Therapeutic Options in Inflammation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:591-598. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Generation of Soluble Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-6 Receptors: A Crucial Function for Proteases during Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1785021. [PMID: 27493449 PMCID: PMC4963573 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1785021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokines interleukin-11 (IL-11) and IL-6 are important proteins with well-defined pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. They activate intracellular signaling cascades through a homodimer of the ubiquitously expressed signal-transducing β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Specificity is gained through the cell- and tissue-specific expression of the nonsignaling IL-11 and IL-6 α-receptors (IL-11R and IL-6R), which determine the responsiveness of the cell to these two cytokines. IL-6 is a rare example, where its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) has agonistic properties, so that the IL-6/sIL-6R complex is able to activate cells that are usually not responsive to IL-6 alone (trans-signaling). Recent evidence suggests that IL-11 can signal via a similar trans-signaling mechanism. In this review, we highlight similarities and differences in the functions of IL-11 and IL-6. We summarize current knowledge about the generation of the sIL-6R and sIL-11R by different proteases and discuss possible roles during inflammatory processes. Finally, we focus on the selective and/or combined inhibition of IL-6 and IL-11 signaling and how this might translate into the clinics.
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31
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Stepanov AV, Rybinets AS, Dronina MA, Deev SM. Study of Fibronectin Type III-Like Domains Role in Activation of gp130 Receptor. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:72-4. [PMID: 27270939 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric gp130 receptors were produced to study the role of three fibronectin type III-like domains in activation of gp130 receptor machinery. The ligand-induced dimerization of gp130 was sufficient to trigger STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings can be used as the basis in designing novel therapeutic gp130 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Stepanov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Rybinets
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Dronina
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S M Deev
- M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Nakhaeizadeh H, Götze S, Kordes C, Sawitza I, Hoffmann MJ, Franke M, Schulz WA, Scheller J, Piekorz RP, Häussinger D, Ahmadian MR. The Role of Embryonic Stem Cell-expressed RAS (ERAS) in the Maintenance of Quiescent Hepatic Stellate Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8399-413. [PMID: 26884329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were recently identified as liver-resident mesenchymal stem cells. HSCs are activated after liver injury and involved in pivotal processes, such as liver development, immunoregulation, regeneration, and also fibrogenesis. To date, several studies have reported candidate pathways that regulate the plasticity of HSCs during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Here we analyzed the expression changes and activity of the RAS family GTPases and thereby investigated the signaling networks of quiescent HSCs versus activated HSCs. For the first time, we report that embryonic stem cell-expressed RAS (ERAS) is specifically expressed in quiescent HSCs and down-regulated during HSC activation via promoter DNA methylation. Notably, in quiescent HSCs, the high level of ERAS protein correlates with the activation of AKT, STAT3, mTORC2, and HIPPO signaling pathways and inactivation of FOXO1 and YAP. Our data strongly indicate that in quiescent HSCs, ERAS targets AKT via two distinct pathways driven by PI3Kα/δ and mTORC2, whereas in activated HSCs, RAS signaling shifts to RAF-MEK-ERK. Thus, in contrast to the reported role of ERAS in tumor cells associated with cell proliferation, our findings indicate that ERAS is important to maintain quiescence in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty
| | | | - Silke Götze
- the Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Claus Kordes
- the Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Iris Sawitza
- the Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- the Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Franke
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- the Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- the Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- From the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty,
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Lacroix M, Rousseau F, Guilhot F, Malinge P, Magistrelli G, Herren S, Jones SA, Jones GW, Scheller J, Lissilaa R, Kosco-Vilbois M, Johnson Z, Buatois V, Ferlin W. Novel Insights into Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Cis- and Trans-signaling Pathways by Differentially Manipulating the Assembly of the IL-6 Signaling Complex. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26943-26953. [PMID: 26363066 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.682138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-6 signaling complex is described as a hexamer, formed by the association of two IL-6·IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)·gp130 trimers, with gp130 being the signal transducer inducing cis- and trans-mediated signaling via a membrane-bound or soluble form of the IL-6R, respectively. 25F10 is an anti-mouse IL-6R mAb that binds to both membrane-bound IL-6R and soluble IL-6R with the unique property of specifically inhibiting trans-mediated signaling events. In this study, epitope mapping revealed that 25F10 interacts at site IIb of IL-6R but allows the binding of IL-6 to the IL-6R and the recruitment of gp130, forming a trimer complex. Binding of 25F10 to IL-6R prevented the formation of the hexameric complex obligate for trans-mediated signaling, suggesting that the cis- and trans-modes of IL-6 signaling adopt different mechanisms for receptor complex assembly. To study this phenomenon also in the human system, we developed NI-1201, a mAb that targets, in the human IL-6R sequence, the epitope recognized by 25F10 for mice. Interestingly, NI-1201, however, did not selectively inhibit human IL-6 trans-signaling, although both mAbs produced beneficial outcomes in conditions of exacerbated IL-6 as compared with a site I-directed mAb. These findings shed light on the complexity of IL-6 signaling. First, triggering cis- versus trans-mediated IL-6 signaling occurs via distinctive mechanisms for receptor complex assembly in mice. Second, the formation of the receptor complex leading to cis- and trans-signaling biology in mice and humans is different, and this should be taken into account when developing strategies to inhibit IL-6 clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lacroix
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Pauline Malinge
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Suzanne Herren
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Simon A Jones
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Campus, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth W Jones
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, The School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Campus, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rami Lissilaa
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA, 2300 La Chaux-De-Fonds, Switzerland
| | | | - Zoë Johnson
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Buatois
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Walter Ferlin
- Novimmune SA Novimmune SA, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
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Waters M, Brooks A. JAK2 activation by growth hormone and other cytokines. Biochem J 2015; 466:1-11. [PMID: 25656053 PMCID: PMC4325515 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and structurally related cytokines regulate a great number of physiological and pathological processes. They do this by coupling their single transmembrane domain (TMD) receptors to cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, either as homodimers or heterodimers. Recent studies have revealed that many of these receptors exist as constitutive dimers rather than being dimerized as a consequence of ligand binding, which has necessitated a new paradigm for describing their activation process. In the present study, we describe a model for activation of the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the GH receptor homodimer based on biochemical data and molecular dynamics simulations. Binding of the bivalent ligand reorientates and rotates the receptor subunits, resulting in a transition from a form with parallel TMDs to one where the TMDs separate at the point of entry into the cytoplasm. This movement slides the pseudokinase inhibitory domain of one JAK kinase away from the kinase domain of the other JAK within the receptor dimer-JAK complex, allowing the two kinase domains to interact and trans-activate. This results in phosphorylation and activation of STATs and other signalling pathways linked to this receptor which then regulate postnatal growth, metabolism and stem cell activation. We believe that this model will apply to most if not all members of the class I cytokine receptor family, and will be useful in the design of small antagonists and agonists of therapeutic value.
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Key Words
- class i cytokine receptors
- cytokine receptor signalling
- growth hormone
- growth hormone receptor
- janus kinase 2 (jak2)
- srk family kinases
- cntf, ciliary neurotropic factor
- crh, cytokine receptor homology
- ct-1, cardiotropin-1
- ecd, extracellular domain
- epo, erythropoietin
- fniii, fibronectin iii-like
- gh, growth hormone
- gm-csf, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- jak, janus kinase
- jm, juxtamembrane
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- osm, oncostatin-m
- pk, pseudokinase
- tmd, transmembrane domain
- tpo, thrombopoietin
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Waters
- *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Institute, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Brooks
- *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Institute, QLD 4072, Australia
- †The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, QLD 4072, Australia
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Aparicio-Siegmund S, Sommer J, Monhasery N, Schwanbeck R, Keil E, Finkenstädt D, Pfeffer K, Rose-John S, Scheller J, Garbers C. Inhibition of protein kinase II (CK2) prevents induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 and constitutive STAT3 activation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2131-48. [PMID: 24742922 PMCID: PMC4039151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway can be activated by many different cytokines, among them all members of the Interleukin (IL-)6 family. Dysregulation of this pathway, resulting in its constitutive activation, is associated with chronic inflammation and cancer development. In the present study, we show that activity of protein kinase II (CK2), a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase, is needed for induced activation of STAT1 and STAT3 by IL-6 classic and trans-signaling, IL-11, IL-27, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1). Inhibition of CK2 efficiently prevented STAT phosphorylation and inhibited cytokine-dependent cell proliferation in a Jak1-dependent manner. Conversely, forced activation of CK2 alone was not sufficient to induce activation of the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. Inhibition of CK2 in turn inhibited Jak1-dependent STAT activation by oncogenic gp130 mutations. Furthermore, CK2 inhibition diminished the Jak1- and Src kinase-dependent phosphorylation of a constitutively active STAT3 mutant recently described in human large granular lymphocytic leukemia. In conclusion, we characterize CK2 as an essential component of the Jak/STAT pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of this kinase is therefore a promising strategy to treat human inflammatory diseases and malignancies associated with constitutive activation of the Jak/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadhi Aparicio-Siegmund
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Dechow T, Steidle S, Götze KS, Rudelius M, Behnke K, Pechloff K, Kratzat S, Bullinger L, Fend F, Soberon V, Mitova N, Li Z, Thaler M, Bauer J, Pietschmann E, Albers C, Grundler R, Schmidt-Supprian M, Ruland J, Peschel C, Duyster J, Rose-John S, Bassermann F, Keller U. GP130 activation induces myeloma and collaborates with MYC. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5263-74. [PMID: 25384216 DOI: 10.1172/jci69094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that results from clonal expansion of an Ig-secreting terminally differentiated B cell. Advanced MM is characterized by tissue damage that involves bone, kidney, and other organs and is typically associated with recurrent genetic abnormalities. IL-6 signaling via the IL-6 signal transducer GP130 has been implicated as an important driver of MM pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of constitutively active GP130 (L-GP130) in a murine retroviral transduction-transplantation model induces rapid MM development of high penetrance. L-GP130-expressing mice recapitulated all of the characteristics of human disease, including monoclonal gammopathy, BM infiltration with lytic bone lesions, and protein deposition in the kidney. Moreover, the disease was easily transplantable and allowed different therapeutic options to be evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Using this model, we determined that GP130 signaling collaborated with MYC to induce MM and was responsible and sufficient for directing the plasma cell phenotype. Accordingly, we identified Myc aberrations in the L-GP130 MM model. Evaluation of human MM samples revealed recurrent activation of STAT3, a downstream target of GP130 signaling. Together, our results indicate that deregulated GP130 activity contributes to MM pathogenesis and that pathways downstream of GP130 activity have potential as therapeutic targets in MM.
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Xu H, Jiang X, Shen K, Fischer CC, Wedegaertner PB. The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) regulates plasma membrane localization and function. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2105-15. [PMID: 24807909 PMCID: PMC4072583 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-09-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GRK5/GRK4 chimeras and point mutations in GRK5 identify a short sequence within the RGS domain in GRK5 that is critical for GRK5 PM localization. CoIP and acceptor photobleaching FRET assays show that expressed GRK5 self-associates in cells, and RGS domain mutations disrupt the coIP. Taken together, the results provide evidence for a novel mechanism in which RGS domain–mediated dimerization is necessary for plasma membrane localization of GRK5. The G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate activated GPCRs at the plasma membrane (PM). Here GRK5/GRK4 chimeras and point mutations in GRK5 identify a short sequence within the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain in GRK5 that is critical for GRK5 PM localization. This region of the RGS domain of GRK5 coincides with a region of GRK6 and GRK1 shown to form a hydrophobic dimeric interface (HDI) in crystal structures. Coimmunoprecipitation (coIP) and acceptor photobleaching fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays show that expressed GRK5 self-associates in cells, whereas GRK5-M165E/F166E (GRK5-EE), containing hydrophilic mutations in the HDI region of the RGS domain, displays greatly decreased coIP interactions. Both forcing dimerization of GRK5-EE, via fusion to leucine zipper motifs, and appending an extra C-terminal membrane-binding region to GRK5-EE (GRK5-EE-CT) recover PM localization. In addition, GRK5-EE displays a decreased ability to inhibit PAR1-induced calcium release compared with GRK5 wild type (wt). In contrast, PM-localized GRK5-EE-CaaX (appending a C-terminal prenylation and polybasic motif from K-ras) or GRK5-EE-CT shows comparable ability to GRK5 wt to inhibit PAR1-induced calcium release. The results suggest a novel model in which GRK5 dimerization is important for its plasma membrane localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Xiaoshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ke Shen
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Christopher C Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Philip B Wedegaertner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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38
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Rinis N, Küster A, Schmitz-Van de Leur H, Mohr A, Müller-Newen G. Intracellular signaling prevents effective blockade of oncogenic gp130 mutants by neutralizing antibodies. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:14. [PMID: 24612692 PMCID: PMC4007646 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short in-frame deletions in the second extracellular domain of the cytokine receptor gp130 are the leading cause of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (IHCAs). The deletions render gp130 constitutively active. In this study we investigate the intracellular signaling potential of one of the most potent constitutively active gp130 mutants (CAgp130) found in IHCAs. Results Trafficking and signaling of CAgp130 were studied in stably transfected cell lines that allowed the inducible expression of CAgp130 fused to fluorescent proteins such as YFP and mCherry. In contrast to the predominantly highly glycosylated gp130 wild type (WTgp130), CAgp130 is preferentially found in the less glycosylated high-mannose form. Accordingly, the mutated receptor is retained intracellularly and therefore less prominently expressed at the cell surface. CAgp130 persistently activates Stat3 despite the presence of the feedback inhibitor SOCS3 but fails to activate Erk1/2. De novo synthesized CAgp130 signals already from the ER-Golgi compartment before having reached the plasma membrane. Cell surface expressed and endocytosed CAgp130 do not significantly contribute to signaling. As a consequence, Stat3 activation through CAgp130 cannot be inhibited by neutralizing gp130 antibodies but through overexpression of a dominant-negative Stat3 mutant. Conclusion CAgp130 and WTgp130 differ significantly with respect to glycosylation, trafficking and signaling. As a consequence of intracellular signaling pharmacological inhibition of CAgp130 will not be achieved by targeting the receptor extracellularly but by compounds that act from within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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Ernst M, Thiem S, Nguyen PM, Eissmann M, Putoczki TL. Epithelial gp130/Stat3 functions: an intestinal signaling node in health and disease. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:29-37. [PMID: 24434062 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A contiguous intestinal epithelial barrier safeguards against aberrant activation of the immune system and therefore requires molecular mechanisms that ensure effective wound-healing responses. During this processes cytokine-producing myeloid cells serve as rheostats that link the degree of wounding and local inflammation to the epithelial repair response. Likewise, intestinal inflammation is an important factor by which the microenvironment promotes tumorigenesis and the progression of established cancers by facilitating neoplastic cell survival and proliferation. Among the cytokines and chemokines orchestrating this process, those comprising the interleukin (IL) IL6, IL10/IL22 and IL17/IL23 families play a prominent role by virtue of converging on the latent Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat)-3. Accordingly, aberrant and persistent Stat3 activation is a frequent observation in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract where it promotes "cancer hallmark capabilities" in the malignant epithelium and suppresses the anti-tumor response of innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we discuss recent insights arising from situations where persistent activation of the gp130/Stat3 signaling cascades result from excessive abundance of IL6 family cytokines. In particular, we highlight novel and unique roles for IL11 in promoting intestinal wound-healing and, in its corrupted form, enabling and facilitating growth of inflammation-associated and sporadic gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ernst
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Stefan Thiem
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M Nguyen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moritz Eissmann
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
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40
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Control of gp130 expression by the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2. Oncogene 2013; 33:2255-63. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Activation of the IL-6 (interleukin 6) receptor subunit gp130 (glycoprotein 130) has been linked to the formation of complexes with IL-6 and the IL-6 receptor, as well as to gp130 dimerization. However, it has been shown that gp130 is present as a pre-formed dimer, indicating that its activation is not solely dependent on dimerization. Therefore the detailed mechanism of gp130 activation still remains to be deciphered. Recently, deletion mutations of gp130 have been found in inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma. The mutations clustered around one IL-6-binding epitope of gp130 and resulted in a ligand-independent constitutively active gp130. We therefore hypothesized that conformational changes of this particular IL-6-binding epitope precedes gp130 activation. Using a rational structure-based approach we identified for the first time amino acids critical for gp130 activation. We can show that gp130 D2–D3 interdomain connectivity by hydrophobic residues stabilizes inactive gp130 conformation. Conformational destabilization of the EF loop present in domain D2 and disruption of D2–D3 hydrophobic interactions resulted in ligand-independent gp130 activation. Furthermore we show that the N-terminal amino acid residues of domain D1 participate in the activation of the gp130 deletion mutants. Taken together we present novel insights into the molecular basis of the activation of a cytokine receptor signalling subunit.
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Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine which is involved in many inflammatory processes and in the development of cancer. In addition, IL-6 has been shown to be important for the induction of hepatic acute-phase proteins, for the regeneration of the liver and for the stimulation of B-cells. IL-6 binds to a transmembrane IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), which is present on hepatocytes and some leukocytes. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R associates with a second protein, gp130, which is expressed on all cells of the body. Since neither IL-6 nor IL-6R has a measurable affinity for gp130, cells, which do not express IL-6R, are not responsive to the cytokine IL-6. It could be shown, however, that a naturally occurring soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) in complex with IL-6 can bind to gp130 on cells with no IL-6R expression. Therefore, cells shedding the sIL-6R render cells, which only express gp130, responsive to the cytokine. This process has been called trans-signaling. In the present chapter, we summarize the known activities of IL-6 with a special emphasis on regenerative activities, which often depend on the sIL-6R. A designer cytokine called Hyper-IL-6, which is a fusion protein of IL-6 and the sIL-6R, can mimic IL-6 trans-signaling responses in vitro and in vivo with considerably higher efficacy than the combination of the natural proteins IL-6 and sIL-6R. We present recent examples from animal models in which the therapeutic potential of Hyper-IL-6 has been evaluated. We propose that Hyper-IL-6 can be used to induce potent regeneration responses in liver, kidney, and other tissues and therefore will be a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Inst. of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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43
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Rose-John S. IL-6 trans-signaling via the soluble IL-6 receptor: importance for the pro-inflammatory activities of IL-6. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1237-47. [PMID: 23136552 PMCID: PMC3491447 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with many activities. It has functions in the regulation of the immune system and the nervous system. Furthermore, IL-6 is involved in liver regeneration and in the metabolic control of the body. On target cells, IL-6 binds to an 80 kDa IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R associates with a second protein, gp130, which thereupon dimerizes and initiates intracellular signaling. Whereas gp130 is expressed on all cells, IL-6R is only present on few cells in the body including hepatocytes and some leukocytes. Cells, which do not express IL-6R cannot respond to the cytokine, since gp130 alone has no measurable affinity for IL-6. Interestingly, a soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) comprising the extracellular portion of the receptor can bind IL-6 with a similar affinity as the membrane bound IL-6R. The complex of IL-6 and sIL-6R can bind to gp130 on cells, which do not express the IL-6R, and which are unresponsive to IL-6. This process has been called trans-signaling. Here I will review published evidence that IL-6 trans-signaling is pro-inflammatory whereas classic IL-6 signaling via the membrane bound IL-6R is needed for regenerative or anti-inflammatory activities of the cytokine. Furthermore, the detailed knowledge of IL-6 biology has important consequences for therapeutic strategies aimed at the blockade of the cytokine IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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44
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Sommer J, Effenberger T, Volpi E, Waetzig GH, Bernhardt M, Suthaus J, Garbers C, Rose-John S, Floss DM, Scheller J. Constitutively active mutant gp130 receptor protein from inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma is inhibited by an anti-gp130 antibody that specifically neutralizes interleukin 11 signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13743-51. [PMID: 22523320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.349167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-independent constitutively active gp130 mutants were described to be responsible for the development of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (IHCAs). These variants had gain-of-function somatic mutations within the extracellular domain 2 (D2) of the gp130 receptor chain. Cytokine-dependent Ba/F3 cells were transduced with the constitutively active variant of gp130 featuring a deletion in the domain 2 from Tyr-186 to Tyr-190 (gp130ΔYY). These cells showed constitutive phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and cytokine-independent proliferation. Deletion of the Ig-like domain 1 (D1) of gp130, but not anti-gp130 mAbs directed against D1, abolished constitutive activation of gp130ΔYY, highlighting that this domain is involved in ligand-independent activation of gp130ΔYY. Moreover, soluble variants of gp130 were not able to inhibit the constitutive activation of gp130ΔYY. However, the inhibition of constitutive activation of gp130ΔYY was achieved by the anti-gp130 mAb B-P4, which specifically inhibits gp130 signaling by IL-11 but not by other IL-6 type cytokines. IL-11 but not IL-6 levels were found previously to be up-regulated in IHCAs, suggesting that mutations in gp130 are leading to IL-11-like signaling. The mAb B-P4 might be a valuable tool to inhibit the constitutive activation of naturally occurring gp130 mutants in IHCAs and rare cases of gp130-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sommer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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45
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Shodeinde AL, Barton BE. Potential use of STAT3 inhibitors in targeted prostate cancer therapy: future prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2012; 5:119-25. [PMID: 22815644 PMCID: PMC3400487 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s32559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, prostate cancer will once again be the second-leading cause of cancer death of American males. Although initially treatable, prostate cancer can recur in a hormone refractory form that is not responsive to current available therapies. The mortality rate associated with hormone refractory prostate cancer is high, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents to treat prostate cancer. A common feature of prostate cancer is the dependence on activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor, for survival. More important, inhibition of STAT3 has been shown to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. In recent years, inhibitors of STAT3 have emerged as promising molecular candidates for targeted prostate cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to examine the role of STAT3 in prostate cancer and how inhibitors of STAT3 could advance the quest for treatment of the disease. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-targeted therapy appears very promising in the treatment of prostate cancer. It has been shown to decrease symptoms associated with myeloproliferative disorders and increase overall survival of patients compared with the best available therapy. In addition to improved outcome, many JAK2 inhibitors have been found to be tolerable with no adverse impact on quality of life. As such, JAK2 inhibitors may play an important role in the management of patients with prostate cancer. Current studies are evaluating the role of JAK2 inhibitors in solid tumors. Pending clinical trial results will determine the future direction of JAK2 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetola L Shodeinde
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Minoia M, Gentilin E, Molè D, Rossi M, Filieri C, Tagliati F, Baroni A, Ambrosio MR, degli Uberti E, Zatelli MC. Growth hormone receptor blockade inhibits growth hormone-induced chemoresistance by restoring cytotoxic-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells independently of estrogen receptor expression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E907-16. [PMID: 22442272 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH and IGF-I play a role in breast cancer (BC) development. We previously demonstrated that GH protects the estrogen receptor (ER) positive BC-derived MCF7 cell line toward the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (D), independently of IGF-I. This issue may be important in ER negative BC cells that are more aggressive and more likely to develop chemoresistance. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate whether GH may impact chemoresistance phenotype of ER-negative BC-derived MDA-MB-231 cell line and investigate the possible mechanisms implicated in the protective action of GH toward the cytotoxic effects of D in both ER-positive and ER-negative BC-derived cell lines. RESULTS GH protects ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells from the cytotoxic effects of D and GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant reduces GH-induced DNA synthesis also in these cells. In both MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells, GH does not revert D-induced G2/M accumulation but significantly reduces basal and D-induced apoptosis, an effect blocked by pegvisomant. Glutathione S-transferase activity is not implicated in the protective effects of GH, whereas D-induced apoptosis depends on c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) activation. GH reduces both basal and D-stimulated JNK transcriptional activity and phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS In human BC cell lines, GH directly promotes resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs independently of ER expression by modulating JNK, further broadening the concept that GH excess may hamper cytotoxic BC treatment. These findings support the hypothesis that blocking GH receptor may be viewed as a potential new therapeutic approach to overcome chemoresistance, especially in ER-negative BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Minoia
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Sommer J, Effenberger T, Volpi E, Waetzig GH, Bernhardt M, Suthaus J, Garbers C, Rose-John S, Floss DM, Scheller J. Constitutively Active Mutant gp130 Receptor Protein from Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma Is Inhibited by an Anti-gp130 Antibody That Specifically Neutralizes Interleukin 11 Signaling. J Biol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Viral Interleukin-6: Structure, pathophysiology and strategies of neutralization. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:495-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:878-88. [PMID: 21296109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2175] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 is a cytokine not only involved in inflammation and infection responses but also in the regulation of metabolic, regenerative, and neural processes. In classic signaling, interleukin-6 stimulates target cells via a membrane bound interleukin-6 receptor, which upon ligand binding associates with the signaling receptor protein gp130. Gp130 dimerizes, leading to the activation of Janus kinases and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic portion of gp130. This leads to the engagement of phosphatase Src homology domains containing tyrosin phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) and activation of the ras/raf/Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) pathway. In addition, signal transducer and activator of transcription factors are recruited, which are phosphorylated, and consequently dimerize whereupon they translocate into the nucleus and activate target genes. Interestingly, only few cells express membrane bound interleukin-6 receptor whereas all cells display gp130 on the cell surface. While cells, which only express gp130, are not responsive to interleukin-6 alone, they can respond to a complex of interleukin-6 bound to a naturally occurring soluble form of the interleukin-6 receptor. Therefore, the generation of soluble form of the interleukin-6 receptor dramatically enlarges the spectrum of interleukin-6 target cells. This process has been named trans-signaling. Here, we review the involvement of both signaling modes in the biology of interleukin-6. It turns out that regenerative or anti-inflammatory activities of interleukin-6 are mediated by classic signaling whereas pro-inflammatory responses of interleukin-6 are rather mediated by trans-signaling. This is important since therapeutic blockade of interleukin-6 by the neutralizing anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab has recently been approved for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Cytohesins are cytoplasmic ErbB receptor activators. Cell 2010; 143:201-11. [PMID: 20946980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by ErbB receptors requires the activation of their cytoplasmic kinase domains, which is initiated by ligand binding to the receptor ectodomains. Cytoplasmic factors contributing to the activation are unknown. Here we identify members of the cytohesin protein family as such factors. Cytohesin inhibition decreased ErbB receptor autophosphorylation and signaling, whereas cytohesin overexpression stimulated receptor activation. Monitoring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) conformation by anisotropy microscopy together with cell-free reconstitution of cytohesin-dependent receptor autophosphorylation indicate that cytohesins facilitate conformational rearrangements in the intracellular domains of dimerized receptors. Consistent with cytohesins playing a prominent role in ErbB receptor signaling, we found that cytohesin overexpression correlated with EGF signaling pathway activation in human lung adenocarcinomas. Chemical inhibition of cytohesins resulted in reduced proliferation of EGFR-dependent lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results establish cytohesins as cytoplasmic conformational activators of ErbB receptors that are of pathophysiological relevance.
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