1
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Pellowe AS, Wu MJ, Kang TY, Chung TD, Ledesma-Mendoza A, Herzog E, Levchenko A, Odell I, Varga J, Gonzalez AL. TGF-β1 Drives Integrin-Dependent Pericyte Migration and Microvascular Destabilization in Fibrotic Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1171-1184. [PMID: 38548268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and mural pericytes (PCs) are critical in maintaining the stability and function of the microvascular wall. Abnormal interactions between these two cell types are a hallmark of progressive fibrotic diseases such as systemic sclerosis (also known as scleroderma). However, the role of PCs in signaling microvascular dysfunction remains underexplored. We hypothesized that integrin-matrix interactions contribute to PC migration from the vascular wall and conversion into interstitial myofibroblasts. Herein, pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or a fibrotic growth factor [transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)] were used to evaluate human PC inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes by assessing their migration, matrix deposition, integrin expression, and subsequent effects on endothelial dysfunction. Both TNFα and TGF-β1 treatment altered integrin expression and matrix protein deposition, but only fibrotic TGF-β1 drove PC migration in an integrin-dependent manner. In addition, integrin-dependent PC migration was correlated to changes in EC angiopoietin-2 levels, a marker of vascular instability. Finally, there was evidence of changes in vascular stability corresponding to disease state in human systemic sclerosis skin. This work shows that TNFα and TGF-β1 induce changes in PC integrin expression and matrix deposition that facilitate migration and reduce vascular stability, providing evidence that microvascular destabilization can be an early indicator of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Pellowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michelle J Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tae-Yun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tracy D Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Erica Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ian Odell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Varga
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anjelica L Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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2
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Karabıyık Acar Ö, Bozdağ G, Hacıhasanoğlu E, Tuncer AA, Aysan E, Torun Köse G. Optimizing decellularization protocols for human thyroid tissues: a step towards tissue engineering and transplantation. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045034. [PMID: 38857607 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient stimulation or disruption of the thyroid. However, the drawbacks of thyroid transplantation have led to the search for new treatments. Decellularization allows tissue transplants to maintain their biomimetic structures while preserving cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This study aimed to decellularize human thyroid tissues using a structure-preserving optimization strategy and present preliminary data on recellularization. Nine methods were used for physical and chemical decellularization. Quantitative and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to investigate the DNA and extracellular matrix components of the tissues. Biomechanical properties were determined by compression test, and cell viability was examined after seeding MDA-T32 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells onto the decellularized tissues. Decellularized tissues exhibited a notable decrease (<50 ng mg-1DNA, except for Groups 2 and 7) compared to the native thyroid tissue. Nonetheless, collagen and glycosaminoglycans were shown to be conserved in all decellularized tissues. Laminin and fibronectin were preserved at comparatively higher levels, and Young's modulus was elevated when decellularization included SDS. It was observed that the strain value in Group 1 (1.63 ± 0.14 MPa) was significantly greater than that in the decellularized tissues between Groups 2-9, ranging from 0.13 ± 0.03-0.72 ± 0.29 MPa. Finally, viability assessment demonstrated that PTC cells within the recellularized tissue groups successfully attached to the 3D scaffolds and sustained metabolic activity throughout the incubation period. We successfully established a decellularization optimization for human thyroid tissues, which has potential applications in tissue engineering and transplantation research. Our next goal is to conduct recellularization using the methods utilized in Group 1 and transplant the primary thyroid follicular cell-seeded tissues into anin vivoanimal model, particularly due to their remarkable 3D structural preservation and cell adhesion-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Karabıyık Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gülnihal Bozdağ
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Hacıhasanoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - A Alperen Tuncer
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Torun Köse
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Neupane S, Williamson DB, Roth RA, Halabi CM, Haltiwanger RS, Holdener BC. Poglut2/3 double knockout in mice results in neonatal lethality with reduced levels of fibrillin in lung tissues. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107445. [PMID: 38844137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils play a critical role in the formation of elastic fibers, tissue/organ development, and cardiopulmonary function. These microfibrils not only provide structural support and flexibility to tissues, but they also regulate growth factor signaling through a plethora of microfibril-binding proteins in the extracellular space. Mutations in fibrillins are associated with human diseases affecting cardiovascular, pulmonary, skeletal, and ocular systems. Fibrillins consist of up to 47 epidermal growth factor-like repeats, of which more than half are modified by protein O-glucosyltransferase 2 (POGLUT2) and/or POGLUT3. Loss of these modifications reduces secretion of N-terminal fibrillin constructs overexpressed in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 in vivo using a Poglut2/3 double knockout (DKO) mouse model. Blocking O-glucosylation caused neonatal death with skeletal, pulmonary, and eye defects reminiscent of fibrillin/elastin mutations. Proteomic analyses of DKO dermal fibroblast medium and extracellular matrix provided evidence that fibrillins were more sensitive to loss of O-glucose compared to other POGLUT2/3 substrates. This conclusion was supported by immunofluorescent analyses of late gestation DKO lungs where FBN levels were reduced and microfibrils appeared fragmented in the pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchioles, and developing saccules. Defects in fibrillin microfibrils likely contributed to impaired elastic fiber formation and histological changes observed in DKO lung blood vessels, bronchioles, and saccules. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of POGLUT2/3-mediated O-glucosylation in vivo and open the possibility that O-glucose modifications on fibrillin influence microfibril assembly and or protein interactions in the ECM environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Daniel B Williamson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Bernadette C Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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4
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Wozny MR, Nelea V, Siddiqui IFS, Wanga S, de Waard V, Strauss M, Reinhardt DP. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 forms octamers that mediate interactions with elastogenic proteins and cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4015. [PMID: 38740766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) is a 36-kDa extracellular matrix glycoprotein with critical roles in organ fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disorders, including aortic aneurysms. MFAP4 multimerises and interacts with elastogenic proteins, including fibrillin-1 and tropoelastin, and with cells via integrins. Structural details of MFAP4 and its potential interfaces for these interactions are unknown. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human MFAP4. In the presence of calcium, MFAP4 assembles as an octamer, where two sets of homodimers constitute the top and bottom halves of each octamer. Each homodimer is linked together by an intermolecular disulphide bond. A C34S missense mutation prevents disulphide-bond formation between monomers but does not prevent octamer assembly. The atomic model, built into the 3.55 Å cryo-EM map, suggests that salt-bridge interactions mediate homodimer assembly, while non-polar residues form the interface between octamer halves. In the absence of calcium, an MFAP4 octamer dissociates into two tetramers. Binding studies with fibrillin-1, tropoelastin, LTBP4, and small fibulins show that MFAP4 has multiple surfaces for protein-protein interactions, most of which depend upon MFAP4 octamer assembly. The C34S mutation does not affect these protein interactions or cell interactions. MFAP4 assemblies with fibrillin-1 abrogate MFAP4 interactions with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wozny
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Shaynah Wanga
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Strauss
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Arnaud P, Mougin Z, Baujat G, Drouin-Garraud V, El Chehadeh S, Gouya L, Odent S, Jondeau G, Boileau C, Hanna N, Le Goff C. Pathogenic variants affecting the TB5 domain of the fibrillin-1 protein: not only in geleophysic/acromicric dysplasias but also in Marfan syndrome. J Med Genet 2024; 61:469-476. [PMID: 38458756 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystem disease with a unique combination of skeletal, cardiovascular and ocular features. Geleophysic/acromicric dysplasias (GPHYSD/ACMICD), characterised by short stature and extremities, are described as 'the mirror image' of MFS. The numerous FBN1 pathogenic variants identified in MFS are located all along the gene and lead to the same final pathogenic sequence. Conversely, in GPHYSD/ACMICD, the 28 known heterozygous FBN1 pathogenic variants all affect exons 41-42 encoding TGFβ-binding protein-like domain 5 (TB5). METHODS Since 1996, more than 5000 consecutive probands have been referred nationwide to our laboratory for molecular diagnosis of suspected MFS. RESULTS We identified five MFS probands carrying distinct heterozygous pathogenic in-frame variants affecting the TB5 domain of FBN1. The clinical data showed that the probands displayed a classical form of MFS. Strikingly, one missense variant affects an amino acid that was previously involved in GPHYSD. CONCLUSION Surprisingly, pathogenic variants in the TB5 domain of FBN1 can lead to two opposite phenotypes: GPHYSD/ACMICD and MFS, suggesting the existence of different pathogenic sequences with the involvement of tissue specificity. Further functional studies are ongoing to determine the precise role of this domain in the physiopathology of each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Arnaud
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- U1148 LVTS, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et apparentés, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Genevieve Baujat
- Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et apparentés, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Rennes, Bretagne, France
- UMR 6290, IGDR, Rennes, Bretagne, France
| | - Guillaume Jondeau
- U1148 LVTS, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et apparentés, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- U1148 LVTS, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Nadine Hanna
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- U1148 LVTS, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Syndrome de Marfan et apparentés, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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6
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Zeyer KA, Bornert O, Nelea V, Bao X, Leytens A, Sharoyan S, Sengle G, Antonyan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Dengjel J, Reinhardt DP, Nyström A. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Mediated Fibronectin Processing Evokes a Profibrotic Extracellular Matrix. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00260-4. [PMID: 38570029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibronectin serves as a platform to guide and facilitate deposition of collagen and fibrillin microfibrils. During development of fibrotic diseases, altered fibronectin deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is generally an early event. After this, dysregulated organization of fibrillins and fibrillar collagens occurs. Because fibronectin is an essential orchestrator of healthy ECM, perturbation of its ECM-organizational capacity may be involved in development of fibrosis. To investigate this, we employed recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa as a disease model with progressive, severe dermal fibrosis. Fibroblasts from donors with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cultures displayed dysregulated fibronectin deposition. Our analyses revealed that increase of profibrotic dipeptidyl peptidase-4-positive fibroblasts coincides with altered fibronectin deposition. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors normalized deposition of fibronectin and subsequently of fibrillin microfibrils and collagen I. Intriguingly, proteomics and inhibitor and mutagenesis studies disclosed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 modulates ECM deposition through the proteolysis of the fibronectin N-terminus. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the observed profibrotic activities of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and extends the understanding of fibronectin-guided ECM assembly in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Zeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Bornert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xinyi Bao
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Leytens
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Sharoyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Cologne, Germany
| | - Alvard Antonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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Shie WY, Chu PH, Kuo MYP, Chen HW, Lin MT, Su XJ, Hong YL, Chou HYE. Acidosis promotes the metastatic colonization of lung cancer via remodeling of the extracellular matrix and vasculogenic mimicry. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:136. [PMID: 37888615 PMCID: PMC10631766 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment caused by the metabolic switch from glucose oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. It has been associated with tumor growth and progression; however, the precise mechanism governing how acidosis promotes metastatic dissemination has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a long‑term acidosis model was established using patient‑derived lung cancer cells, to identify critical components of metastatic colonization via transcriptome profiling combined with both in vitro and in vivo functional assays, and association analysis using clinical samples. Xenograft inoculates of 1 or 10 acidotic cells mimicking circulating tumor cell clusters were shown to exhibit increased tumor incidence compared with their physiological pH counterparts. Transcriptomics revealed that profound remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occurred in the acidotic cells, including upregulation of the integrin subunit α‑4 (ITGA4) gene. In clinical lung cancer, ITGA4 expression was found to be upregulated in primary tumors with metastatic capability, and this trait was retained in the corresponding secondary tumors. Expression of ITGA4 was markedly upregulated around the vasculogenic mimicry structures of the acidotic tumors, while acidotic cells exhibited a higher ability of vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. Acidosis was also found to induce the enrichment of side population cells, suggesting an enhanced resistance to noxious attacks of the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, these results demonstrated that acidosis actively contributed to tumor metastatic colonization, and novel mechanistic insights into the therapeutic management and prognosis of lung cancer were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Shie
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mark Yen-Ping Kuo
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Tie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xuan-Jie Su
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ling Hong
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Han-Yi Elizabeth Chou
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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8
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Lau C, Muthu ML, Siddiqui IF, Li L, Reinhardt DP. High-Fat Diet Has a Protective Sex-Dependent Effect on Aortic Aneurysm Severity in a Marfan Syndrome Mouse Model. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1553-1567. [PMID: 37482239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in fibrillin-1 and is characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysms and other complications. Previous studies revealed sexual dimorphisms in formation of aortic aneurysm in patients with MFS. The current study aimed to investigate the combined role of a high-fat diet (HFD) and biological sex in aortic disease using the mgR/mgR MFS mouse model. METHODS Male and female mgR/mgR mice, as well as wild-type (WT) littermate mice, were fed a control diet (CD [10% fat]) or HFD (60% fat) from 4 to 12 weeks of age. Key aortic disease parameters analyzed included the diameter of the aortic wall; elastic fibre fragmentation; proteoglycan content; mRNA levels of Mmp12, Col1a1, Col3a1, and Fbn1; and fibrillin-1 deposition in the aortic wall. RESULTS HFD-fed female mgR/mgR mice had significantly reduced aortic diameters (35%), elastic fibre fragmentation (56%), pathologically enhanced proteoglycans (45%), and expression of Mmp12 (64%), Col1a1 (41%), and Col3a1 (43%) compared with male mgR/mgR mice on HFD. Fibrillin-1 deposition and Fbn1 mRNA levels were unaffected. The data reveal a protective effect of HFD in female mice. In contrast, CD did not exert any protective effects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a specific sexual dimorphism in MFS mice, with HFD exerting an explicit protective effect on severity of aortic disease in female mice. These preclinical data may be useful for developing nutritional recommendations for individuals with MFS in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cori Lau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Muthu L Muthu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Iram Fatima Siddiqui
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ling Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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9
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Lee HJ, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Gupta N, Kwon GS. Fibronectin-targeted FUD and PEGylated FUD peptides for fibrotic diseases. J Control Release 2023; 360:69-81. [PMID: 37315694 PMCID: PMC10527082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein found in the blood and tissues, a key player in the assembly of ECM through interaction with cellular and extracellular components. Functional Upstream Domain (FUD), a peptide derived from an adhesin protein of bacteria, has a high binding affinity for the N-terminal 70-kDa domain of FN that plays a crucial role in FN polymerization. In this regard, FUD peptide has been characterized as a potent inhibitor of FN matrix assembly, reducing excessive ECM accumulation. Furthermore, PEGylated FUD was developed to prevent rapid elimination of FUD and enhance its systemic exposure in vivo. Herein, we summarize the development of FUD peptide as a potential anti-fibrotic agent and its application in experimental fibrotic diseases. In addition, we discuss how modification of the FUD peptide via PEGylation impacts pharmacokinetic profiles of the FUD peptide and can potentially contribute to anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bianca R Tomasini-Johansson
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMRII, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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10
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Alonso F, Dong Y, Li L, Jahjah T, Dupuy JW, Fremaux I, Reinhardt DP, Génot E. Fibrillin-1 regulates endothelial sprouting during angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221742120. [PMID: 37252964 PMCID: PMC10265973 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221742120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein that assembles into microfibrils which provide critical functions in large blood vessels and other tissues. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene are associated with cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal abnormalities in Marfan syndrome. Here, we reveal that fibrillin-1 is critical for angiogenesis which is compromised by a typical Marfan mutation. In the mouse retina vascularization model, fibrillin-1 is present in the extracellular matrix at the angiogenic front where it colocalizes with microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1, MAGP1. In Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, a model of Marfan syndrome, MAGP1 deposition is reduced, endothelial sprouting is decreased, and tip cell identity is impaired. Cell culture experiments confirmed that fibrillin-1 deficiency alters vascular endothelial growth factor-A/Notch and Smad signaling which regulate the acquisition of endothelial tip cell/stalk cell phenotypes, and we showed that modulation of MAGP1 expression impacts these pathways. Supplying the growing vasculature of Fbn1C1041G/+ mice with a recombinant C-terminal fragment of fibrillin-1 corrects all defects. Mass spectrometry analyses showed that the fibrillin-1 fragment alters the expression of various proteins including ADAMTS1, a tip cell metalloprotease and matrix-modifying enzyme. Our data establish that fibrillin-1 is a dynamic signaling platform in the regulation of cell specification and matrix remodeling at the angiogenic front and that mutant fibrillin-1-induced defects can be rescued pharmacologically using a C-terminal fragment of the protein. These findings, identify fibrillin-1, MAGP1, and ADAMTS1 in the regulation of endothelial sprouting, and contribute to our understanding of how angiogenesis is regulated. This knowledge may have critical implications for people with Marfan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Alonso
- Université de BordeauxF-33000Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1026, BioTisF-33000Bordeaux, France
| | - Yuechao Dong
- Université de BordeauxF-33000Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1026, BioTisF-33000Bordeaux, France
| | - Ling Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Tiya Jahjah
- Université de BordeauxF-33000Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1026, BioTisF-33000Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Isabelle Fremaux
- Université de BordeauxF-33000Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1026, BioTisF-33000Bordeaux, France
| | - Dieter P. Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Université de BordeauxF-33000Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1026, BioTisF-33000Bordeaux, France
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11
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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12
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Melamed S, Zaffryar-Eilot S, Nadjar-Boger E, Aviram R, Zhao H, Yaseen-Badarne W, Kalev-Altman R, Sela-Donenfeld D, Lewinson O, Astrof S, Hasson P, Wolfenson H. Initiation of fibronectin fibrillogenesis is an enzyme-dependent process. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112473. [PMID: 37148241 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin fibrillogenesis and mechanosensing both depend on integrin-mediated force transmission to the extracellular matrix. However, force transmission is in itself dependent on fibrillogenesis, and fibronectin fibrils are found in soft embryos where high forces cannot be applied, suggesting that force cannot be the sole initiator of fibrillogenesis. Here, we identify a nucleation step prior to force transmission, driven by fibronectin oxidation mediated by lysyl oxidase enzyme family members. This oxidation induces fibronectin clustering, which promotes early adhesion, alters cellular response to soft matrices, and enhances force transmission to the matrix. In contrast, absence of fibronectin oxidation abrogates fibrillogenesis, perturbs cell-matrix adhesion, and compromises mechanosensation. Moreover, fibronectin oxidation promotes cancer cell colony formation in soft agar as well as collective and single-cell migration. These results reveal a force-independent enzyme-dependent mechanism that initiates fibronectin fibrillogenesis, establishing a critical step in cell adhesion and mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Melamed
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Shelly Zaffryar-Eilot
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Elisabeth Nadjar-Boger
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Rohtem Aviram
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Wesal Yaseen-Badarne
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Lewinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Peleg Hasson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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13
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Summers KM, Bush SJ, Davis MR, Hume DA, Keshvari S, West JA. Fibrillin-1 and asprosin, novel players in metabolic syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:106979. [PMID: 36630758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.106979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is a major component of the extracellular microfibrils, where it interacts with other extracellular matrix proteins to provide elasticity to connective tissues, and regulates the bioavailability of TGFβ family members. A peptide consisting of the C-terminal 140 amino acids of fibrillin-1 has recently been identified as a glucogenic hormone, secreted from adipose tissue during fasting and targeting the liver to release glucose. This fragment, called asprosin, also signals in the hypothalamus to stimulate appetite. Asprosin levels are correlated with many of the pathologies indicative of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance and obesity. Previous studies and reviews have addressed the therapeutic potential of asprosin as a target in obesity, diabetes and related conditions without considering mechanisms underlying the relationship between generation of asprosin and expression of the much larger fibrillin-1 protein. Profibrillin-1 undergoes obligatory cleavage at the cell surface as part of its assembly into microfibrils, producing the asprosin peptide as well as mature fibrillin-1. Patterns of FBN1 mRNA expression are inconsistent with the necessity for regulated release of asprosin. The asprosin peptide may be protected from degradation in adipose tissue. We present evidence for an alternative possibility, that asprosin mRNA is generated independently from an internal promoter within the 3' end of the FBN1 gene, which would allow for regulation independent of fibrillin-synthesis and is more economical of cellular resources. The discovery of asprosin opened exciting possibilities for treatment of metabolic syndrome related conditions, but there is much to be understood before such therapies could be introduced into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Bush
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret R Davis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A West
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Mayne Medical Building, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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14
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de Souza RB, Lemes RB, Foresto-Neto O, Cassiano LL, Reinhardt DP, Meek KM, Koh IHJ, Lewis PN, Pereira LV. Extracellular matrix and vascular dynamics in the kidney of a murine model for Marfan syndrome. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285418. [PMID: 37159453 PMCID: PMC10168582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is a pivotal structural component of the kidney's glomerulus and peritubular tissue. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene result in Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant disease of the connective tissue. Although the kidney is not considered a classically affected organ in MFS, several case reports describe glomerular disease in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the kidney in the mgΔlpn-mouse model of MFS. Affected animals presented a significant reduction of glomerulus, glomerulus-capillary, and urinary space, and a significant reduction of fibrillin-1 and fibronectin in the glomerulus. Transmission electron microscopy and 3D-ultrastructure analysis revealed decreased amounts of microfibrils which also appeared fragmented in the MFS mice. Increased collagen fibers types I and III, MMP-9, and α-actin were also observed in affected animals, suggesting a tissue-remodeling process in the kidney. Video microscopy analysis showed an increase of microvessel distribution coupled with reduction of blood-flow velocity, while ultrasound flow analysis revealed significantly lower blood flow in the kidney artery and vein of the MFS mice. The structural and hemodynamic changes of the kidney indicate the presence of kidney remodeling and vascular resistance in this MFS model. Both processes are associated with hypertension which is expected to worsen the cardiovascular phenotype in MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Barbosa Lemes
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Dentistry and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith M Meek
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Hong Jun Koh
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Philip N Lewis
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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He J, Steffen JH, Thulstrup PW, Pedersen JN, Sauerland MB, Otzen DE, Hawkins CL, Gourdon P, Davies MJ, Hägglund P. Anastellin impacts on the processing of extracellular matrix fibronectin and stimulates release of cytokines from coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22051. [PMID: 36543832 PMCID: PMC9772232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastellin, a recombinant protein fragment from the first type III module of fibronectin, mimics a partially unfolded intermediate implicated in the assembly of fibronectin fibrils. Anastellin influences the structure of fibronectin and initiates in vitro fibrillation, yielding "superfibronectin", a polymer with enhanced cell-adhesive properties. This ability is absent in an anastellin double mutant, L37AY40A. Here we demonstrate that both wild-type and L37AY40A anastellin affect fibronectin processing within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of smooth muscle cells. Fibronectin fibrils are diminished in the ECM from cells treated with anastellin, but are partially rescued by supplementation with plasma fibronectin in cell media. Proteomic analyses reveal that anastellin also impacts on the processing of other ECM proteins, with increased collagen and decreased laminin detected in media from cells exposed to wild-type anastellin. Moreover, both anastellin forms stimulate release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6. At the molecular level, L37AY40A does not exhibit major perturbations of structural features relative to wild-type anastellin, though the mutant showed differences in heparin binding characteristics. These findings indicate that wild-type and L37AY40A anastellin share similar molecular features but elicit slightly different, but partially overlapping, responses in smooth muscle cells resulting in altered secretion of cytokines and proteins involved in ECM processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei He
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Hyld Steffen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.432104.0Present Address: Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Sønderupvej 26, 6920 Videbæk, Denmark
| | - Max B. Sauerland
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Davies
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Rypdal KB, Olav Melleby A, Robinson EL, Li J, Palmero S, Seifert DE, Martin D, Clark C, López B, Andreassen K, Dahl CP, Sjaastad I, Tønnessen T, Stokke MK, Louch WE, González A, Heymans S, Christensen G, Apte SS, Lunde IG. ADAMTSL3 knock-out mice develop cardiac dysfunction and dilatation with increased TGFβ signalling after pressure overload. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1392. [PMID: 36539599 PMCID: PMC9767913 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and can result from pressure overload, where cardiac remodelling is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, fibrosis, and inflammation. In failing hearts, transforming growth factor (TGF)β drives cardiac fibroblast (CFB) to myofibroblast differentiation causing excessive extracellular matrix production and cardiac remodelling. New strategies to target pathological TGFβ signalling in heart failure are needed. Here we show that the secreted glycoprotein ADAMTSL3 regulates TGFβ in the heart. We found that Adamtsl3 knock-out mice develop exacerbated cardiac dysfunction and dilatation with increased mortality, and hearts show increased TGFβ activity and CFB activation after pressure overload by aortic banding. Further, ADAMTSL3 overexpression in cultured CFBs inhibits TGFβ signalling, myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis, suggesting a cardioprotective role for ADAMTSL3 by regulating TGFβ activity and CFB phenotype. These results warrant future investigation of the potential beneficial effects of ADAMTSL3 in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline B Rypdal
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. .,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jia Li
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheryl Palmero
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah E Seifert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catelyn Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristine Andreassen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P Dahl
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathis K Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Diagnostics and Technology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Kanta J, Zavadakova A, Sticova E, Dubsky M. Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1750-1761. [PMID: 36537075 PMCID: PMC10088845 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non-healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kanta
- Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavadakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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18
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DeDreu J, Le PM, Menko AS. The ciliary zonules provide a pathway for immune cells to populate the avascular lens during eye development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2251-2273. [PMID: 36633170 PMCID: PMC9899985 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221140411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is an immune-privileged site, with both vasculature and lymphatics absent from the central light path. Unique adaptations have made it possible for immune cells to be recruited to this region of the eye in response to ocular injuries and pathogenic insults. The induction of such immune responses is typically activated by tissue resident immune cells, considered the sentinels of the immune system. We discovered that, despite the absence of an embedded vasculature, the embryonic lens becomes populated by resident immune cells. The paths by which they travel to the lens during development were not known. However, our previous studies show that in response to corneal wounding immune cells travel to the lens from the vascular-rich ciliary body across the zonules that link these two tissues. We now examined whether the zonule fibers provide a path for immune cells to the embryonic lens, and the zonule-associated matrix molecules that could promote immune cell migration. The vitreous also was examined as a potential source of lens resident immune cells. This matrix-rich site in the posterior of the eye harbors hyalocytes, an immune cell type with macrophage-like properties. We found that both the zonules and the vitreous of the embryonic eye contained fibrillin-2-based networks and that migration-promoting matrix proteins like fibronectin and tenascin-C were linked to these fibrils. Immune cells were seen emerging from the ciliary body, migrating along the ciliary zonules to the lens, and invading through the lens capsule at its equator. This is just adjacent to where immune cells take up residence in the embryonic lens. In contrast, the immune cells of the vitreous were not detected in the region of the lens. These results strongly suggest that the ciliary zonules are a primary path of immune cell delivery to the developing lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- JodiRae DeDreu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic
Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia,
PA 19107, USA
| | - Phuong M Le
- Department of Pathology and Genomic
Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia,
PA 19107, USA
| | - A. Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology and Genomic
Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia,
PA 19107, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney
Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107,
USA
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19
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Eckersley A, Ozols M, Chen P, Tam V, Ward LJ, Hoyland JA, Trafford A, Yuan XM, Schiller HB, Chan D, Sherratt MJ. Peptide location fingerprinting identifies species- and tissue-conserved structural remodelling of proteins as a consequence of ageing and disease. Matrix Biol 2022; 114:108-137. [PMID: 35618217 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) in the intervertebral disc (IVD), lung and artery are thought to undergo age-dependant accumulation of damage by chronic exposure to mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species, proteases and glycation. It is unknown whether this damage accumulation is species-dependant (via differing lifespans and hence cumulative exposures) or whether it can influence the progression of age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis. Peptide location fingerprinting (PLF) is a new proteomic analysis method, capable of the non-targeted identification of structure-associated changes within proteins. Here we applied PLF to publicly available ageing human IVD (outer annulus fibrosus), ageing mouse lung and human arterial atherosclerosis datasets and bioinformatically identified novel target proteins alongside common age-associated differences within protein structures which were conserved between three ECM-rich organs, two species, three IVD tissue regions, sexes and in an age-related disease. We identify peptide yield differences across protein structures which coincide with biological regions, potentially reflecting the functional consequences of ageing or atherosclerosis for macromolecular assemblies (collagen VI), enzyme/inhibitor activity (alpha-2 macroglobulin), activation states (complement C3) and interaction states (laminins, perlecan, fibronectin, filamin-A, collagen XIV and apolipoprotein-B). Furthermore, we show that alpha-2 macroglobulin and collagen XIV exhibit possible shared structural consequences in IVD ageing and arterial atherosclerosis, providing novel links between an age-related disease and intrinsic ageing. Crucially, we also demonstrate that fibronectin, laminin beta chains and filamin-A all exhibit conserved age-associated structural differences between mouse lung and human IVD, providing evidence that ECM, and their associating proteins, may be subjected to potentially similar mechanisms or consequences of ageing across both species, irrespective of differences in lifespan and tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peikai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liam J Ward
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xi-Ming Yuan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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20
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Sklenářová R, Akla N, Latorre MJ, Ulrichová J, Franková J. Collagen as a Biomaterial for Skin and Corneal Wound Healing. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040249. [PMID: 36412890 PMCID: PMC9680244 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea and the skin are two organs that form the outer barrier of the human body. When either is injured (e.g., from surgery, physical trauma, or chemical burns), wound healing is initiated to restore integrity. Many cells are activated during wound healing. In particular, fibroblasts that are stimulated often transition into repair fibroblasts or myofibroblasts that synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) components into the wound area. Control of wound ECM deposition is critical, as a disorganized ECM can block restoration of function. One of the most abundant structural proteins in the mammalian ECM is collagen. Collagen type I is the main component in connective tissues. It can be readily obtained and purified, and short analogs have also been developed for tissue engineering applications, including modulating the wound healing response. This review discusses the effect of several current collagen implants on the stimulation of corneal and skin wound healing. These range from collagen sponges and hydrogels to films and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Sklenářová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Naoufal Akla
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Franková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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21
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TNS1: Emerging Insights into Its Domain Function, Biological Roles, and Tumors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111571. [PMID: 36358270 PMCID: PMC9687257 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tensins are a family of cellular-adhesion constituents that have been extensively studied. They have instrumental roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The mammalian tensin family comprises four members: tensin1 (TNS1), tensin2, tensin3, and tensin4. Among them, TNS1 has recently received attention from researchers because of its structural properties. TNS1 engages in various biological processes, such as cell adhesion, polarization, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, and mechano-transduction, by interacting with various partner proteins. Moreover, the abnormal expression of TNS1 in vivo is associated with the development of various diseases, especially tumors. Interestingly, the role of TNS1 in different tumors is still controversial. Here, we systematically summarize three aspects of TNS1: the gene structure, the biological processes underlying its action, and the dual regulatory role of TNS1 in different tumors through different mechanisms, of which we provide the first overview.
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22
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Liu C, Wang M, Zhang H, Li C, Zhang T, Liu H, Zhu S, Chen J. Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of oral cancer. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:198. [PMID: 36209263 PMCID: PMC9547678 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, not only affects the appearance, but also affects eating and even endangers life. The clinical treatments of oral cancer mainly include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, unsatisfactory therapeutic effect and toxic side effects are still the main problems in clinical treatment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is not only closely related to the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of tumor but also works in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of tumor and prognosis. Future studies should continue to investigate the relationship of TME and oral cancer therapy. This purpose of this review was to analyze the characteristics of oral cancer microenvironment, summarize the traditional oral cancer therapy and immunotherapy strategies, and finally prospect the development prospects of oral cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy targeting tumor microenvironment is expected to provide a new strategy for clinical treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshou Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Genovesi ML, Torres B, Goldoni M, Salvo E, Cesario C, Majolo M, Mazza T, Piscopo C, Bernardini L. Case Report: A Novel Homozygous Missense Variant of FBN3 Supporting It Is a New Candidate Gene Causative of a Bardet–Biedl Syndrome–Like Phenotype. Front Genet 2022; 13:924362. [PMID: 35910214 PMCID: PMC9334770 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.924362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin proteins are extracellular matrix glycoproteins assembling into microfibrils. FBN1, FBN2, and FBN3 encode the human fibrillins and mutations in FBN1 and FBN2 cause connective tissue disorders called fibrillinopathies, affecting cardiovascular, dermal, skeletal, and ocular tissues. Recently, mutations of the less characterized fibrillin family member, FBN3, have been associated in a single family with Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS). Here, we report on a patient born from two first cousins and affected by developmental delay, cognitive impairment, obesity, dental and genital anomalies, and brachydactyly/syndactyly. His phenotype was very similar to that reported in the previous FBN3-mutated family and fulfilled BBS clinical diagnostic criteria, although lacking polydactyly, the most recurrent clinical feature, as the previous siblings described. A familial SNP-array and proband’s WES were performed prioritizing candidate variants on the sole patient’s runs of homozygosity. This analysis disclosed a novel homozygous missense variant in FBN3 (NM_032447:c.5434A>G; NP_115823:p.Ile1812Val; rs115948457), inherited from the heterozygous parents. This study further supports that FBN3 is a candidate gene for a BBS-like syndrome characterized by developmental delay, cognitive impairment, obesity, dental, genital, and skeletal anomalies. Anyway, additional studies are necessary to investigate the exact role of the gene and possible interactions between FBN3 and BBS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luce Genovesi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Torres
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marina Goldoni
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Eliana Salvo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Cesario
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Majolo
- Hospital Directorate, National Hospital A.O.R.N. “Antonio Cardarelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, IRCCs Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical and Laboratory Genetics Unit, National Hospital A.O.R.N. “Antonio Cardarelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Bernardini,
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24
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The Role of the Fibronectin Synergy Site for Skin Wound Healing. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132100. [PMID: 35805184 PMCID: PMC9265582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is constantly exposed to injuries that are repaired with different outcomes, either regeneration or scarring. Scars result from fibrotic processes modulated by cellular physical forces transmitted by integrins. Fibronectin (FN) is a major component in the provisional matrix assembled to repair skin wounds. FN enables cell adhesion binding of α5β1/αIIbβ3 and αv-class integrins to an RGD-motif. An additional linkage for α5/αIIb is the synergy site located in close proximity to the RGD motif. The mutation to impair the FN synergy region (Fn1syn/syn) demonstrated that its absence permits complete development. However, only with the additional engagement to the FN synergy site do cells efficiently resist physical forces. To test how the synergy site-mediated adhesion affects the course of wound healing fibrosis, we used a mouse model of skin injury and in-vitro migration studies with keratinocytes and fibroblasts on FNsyn. The loss of FN synergy site led to normal re-epithelialization caused by two opposing migratory defects of activated keratinocytes and, in the dermis, induced reduced fibrotic responses, with lower contents of myofibroblasts and FN deposition and diminished TGF-β1-mediated cell signalling. We demonstrate that weakened α5β1-mediated traction forces on FNsyn cause reduced TGF-β1 release from its latent complex.
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25
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Dinesh NEH, Campeau PM, Reinhardt DP. Fibronectin isoforms in skeletal development and associated disorders. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C536-C549. [PMID: 35759430 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an intricate and essential network of proteins and non-proteinaceous components that provide a conducive microenvironment for cells to regulate cell function, differentiation, and survival. Fibronectin is one key component in the extracellular matrix that participates in determining cell fate and function crucial for normal vertebrate development. Fibronectin undergoes time dependent expression patterns during stem cell differentiation, providing a unique stem cell niche. Mutations in fibronectin have been recently identified to cause a rare form of skeletal dysplasia with scoliosis and abnormal growth plates. Even though fibronectin has been extensively analyzed in developmental processes, the functional role and importance of this protein and its various isoforms in skeletal development remains less understood. This review attempts to provide a concise and critical overview of the role of fibronectin isoforms in cartilage and bone physiology and associated pathologies. This will facilitate a better understanding of the possible mechanisms through which fibronectin exerts its regulatory role on cellular differentiation during skeletal development. The review discusses the consequences of mutations in fibronectin leading to corner fracture type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and presents a new outlook towards matrix-mediated molecular pathways in relation to therapeutic and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha E H Dinesh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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26
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Mead TJ, Martin DR, Wang LW, Cain SA, Gulec C, Cahill E, Mauch J, Reinhardt D, Lo C, Baldock C, Apte SS. Proteolysis of fibrillin-2 microfibrils is essential for normal skeletal development. eLife 2022; 11:71142. [PMID: 35503090 PMCID: PMC9064305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes transition to mature ECM as development progresses, yet few mechanisms ensuring ECM proteostasis during this period are known. Fibrillin microfibrils are macromolecular ECM complexes serving structural and regulatory roles. In mice, Fbn1 and Fbn2, encoding the major microfibrillar components, are strongly expressed during embryogenesis, but fibrillin-1 is the major component observed in adult tissue microfibrils. Here, analysis of Adamts6 and Adamts10 mutant mouse embryos, lacking these homologous secreted metalloproteases individually and in combination, along with in vitro analysis of microfibrils, measurement of ADAMTS6-fibrillin affinities and N-terminomics discovery of ADAMTS6-cleaved sites, identifies a proteostatic mechanism contributing to postnatal fibrillin-2 reduction and fibrillin-1 dominance. The lack of ADAMTS6, alone and in combination with ADAMTS10 led to excess fibrillin-2 in perichondrium, with impaired skeletal development defined by a drastic reduction of aggrecan and cartilage link protein, impaired BMP signaling in cartilage, and increased GDF5 sequestration in fibrillin-2-rich tissue. Although ADAMTS6 cleaves fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 as well as fibronectin, which provides the initial scaffold for microfibril assembly, primacy of the protease-substrate relationship between ADAMTS6 and fibrillin-2 was unequivocally established by reversal of the defects in Adamts6-/- embryos by genetic reduction of Fbn2, but not Fbn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Lauren W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cagri Gulec
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elisabeth Cahill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph Mauch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Dieter Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Clair Baldock
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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27
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Jamieson JJ, Lin Y, Malloy N, Soto D, Searson PC, Gerecht S. Hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction is prevented by pericyte-conditioned media via attenuated actomyosin contractility and claudin-5 stabilization. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22331. [PMID: 35476363 PMCID: PMC9060394 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200010rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates molecular and cellular entry from the cerebrovasculature into the surrounding brain parenchyma. Many diseases of the brain are associated with dysfunction of the BBB, where hypoxia is a common stressor. However, the contribution of hypoxia to BBB dysfunction is challenging to study due to the complexity of the brain microenvironment. In this study, we used a BBB model with brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes differentiated from iPSCs to investigate the effect of hypoxia on barrier function. We found that hypoxia-induced barrier dysfunction is dependent upon increased actomyosin contractility and is associated with increased fibronectin fibrillogenesis. We propose a role for actomyosin contractility in mediating hypoxia-induced barrier dysfunction through modulation of junctional claudin-5. Our findings suggest pericytes may protect brain microvascular endothelial cells from hypoxic stresses and that pericyte-derived factors could be candidates for treatment of pathological barrier-forming tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Jamieson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - YingYu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Malloy
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Soto
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Duke, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Almici E, Chiappini V, López-Márquez A, Badosa C, Blázquez B, Caballero D, Montero J, Natera-de Benito D, Nascimento A, Roldán M, Lagunas A, Jiménez-Mallebrera C, Samitier J. Personalized in vitro Extracellular Matrix Models of Collagen VI-Related Muscular Dystrophies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:851825. [PMID: 35547158 PMCID: PMC9081367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.851825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI-related dystrophies (COL6-RDs) are a group of rare congenital neuromuscular dystrophies that represent a continuum of overlapping clinical phenotypes that go from the milder Bethlem myopathy (BM) to the severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, for which there is no effective treatment. Mutations in one of the three Collagen VI genes alter the incorporation of this protein into the extracellular matrix (ECM), affecting the assembly and the structural integrity of the whole fibrillar network. Clinical hallmarks of COL6-RDs are secondary to the ECM disruption and include muscle weakness, proximal joint contractures, and distal hyperlaxity. Although some traits have been identified in patients’ ECMs, a correlation between the ECM features and the clinical phenotype has not been established, mainly due to the lack of predictive and reliable models of the pathology. Herein, we engineered a new personalized pre-clinical model of COL6-RDs using cell-derived matrices (CDMs) technology to better recapitulate the complexity of the native scenario. We found that CDMs from COL6-RD patients presented alterations in ECM structure and composition, showing a significantly decreased Collagen VI secretion, especially in the more severe phenotypes, and a decrease in Fibrillin-1 inclusion. Next, we examined the Collagen VI-mediated deposition of Fibronectin in the ECM, finding a higher alignment, length, width, and straightness than in patients with COL6-RDs. Overall, these results indicate that CDMs models are promising tools to explore the alterations that arise in the composition and fibrillar architecture due to mutations in Collagen VI genes, especially in early stages of matrix organization. Ultimately, CDMs derived from COL6-RD patients may become relevant pre-clinical models, which may help identifying novel biomarkers to be employed in the clinics and to investigate novel therapeutic targets and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Almici
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Chiappini
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Arístides López-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Badosa
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Blázquez
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Caballero
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Montero
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Roldán
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal i Imatge Cel·lular, Servei de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Institut Pediàtric de Malalties Rares (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Anna Lagunas, ; Cecilia Jiménez-Mallebrera,
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Mallebrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barselona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Anna Lagunas, ; Cecilia Jiménez-Mallebrera,
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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LTBP1 promotes fibrillin incorporation into the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:60-75. [PMID: 35452817 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LTBP1 is a large extracellular matrix protein and an associated ligand of fibrillin-microfibrils. Knowledge of LTBP1 functions is largely limited to its role in targeting and sequestering TGFβ growth factors within the extracellular matrix, thereby regulating their bioavailability. However, the recent description of a wide spectrum of phenotypes in multiple tissues in patients harboring LTBP1 pathogenic variants suggests a multifaceted role of the protein in the homeostasis of connective tissues. To better understand the human pathology caused by LTBP1 deficiency it is important to investigate its functional role in extracellular matrix formation. In this study, we show that LTBP1 coordinates the incorporation of fibrillin-1 and -2 into the extracellular matrix in vitro. We also demonstrate that this function is differentially exerted by the two isoforms, the short and long forms of LTBP1. Thereby our findings uncover a novel TGFβ-independent LTBP1 function potentially contributing to the development of connective tissue disorders.
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30
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Zhang X, Alanazi YF, Jowitt TA, Roseman AM, Baldock C. Elastic Fibre Proteins in Elastogenesis and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4087. [PMID: 35456902 PMCID: PMC9027394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As essential components of our connective tissues, elastic fibres give tissues such as major blood vessels, skin and the lungs their elasticity. Their formation is complex and co-ordinately regulated by multiple factors. In this review, we describe key players in elastogenesis: fibrillin-1, tropoelastin, latent TGFβ binding protein-4, and fibulin-4 and -5. We summarise their roles in elastogenesis, discuss the effect of their mutations on relevant diseases, and describe their interactions involved in forming the elastic fibre network. Moreover, we look into their roles in wound repair for a better understanding of their potential application in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (X.Z.); (T.A.J.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Yasmene F. Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thomas A. Jowitt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (X.Z.); (T.A.J.)
| | - Alan M. Roseman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (X.Z.); (T.A.J.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
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31
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Xu F, Guo D, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Yu T, Yin X, Wu S, Liu D, Wen Y, Wu J, Bi A, Jiang W, Bi H. Association between anti-fibrillin-2 protein induced retinal degeneration via intravitreous delivery and activated TGF-β signaling in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:586-595. [PMID: 35108420 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillin-2 (FBN2) is a major component of tissue microfibrils, and the decrease of FBN2 perturbs the signaling events mediated by TGF-β, thereby playing a role in macular degeneration. However, the association between the retinal degeneration resulting from the abnormality of FBN2 and the activation of TGF-β signaling has not been fully addressed. In the present study, the mice were divided into a normal control group (NC group), a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injection group (PBS group), and an anti-FBN2 protein injection group (anti-FBN2 group), and the mice in PBS and anti-FBN2 groups received the relevant treatment via the intravitreal injection once a week for three consecutive weeks. One week later after injection, the retinal morphology and visual function of the fundus were detected. Further, the expression of FBN2, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in retina was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. As a result, fundus examination suggests that after intravitreous injection of anti-FBN2 protein, there were a large patchy yellow white degeneration region and numerous pigmentations in the retina in anti-FBN2-treated mice; by contrast, there was no apparent change in mice from the NC and PBS groups. The retina suffered markedly damage, and the thickness of whole retina and outer nuclear layer markedly thinned. The expression of FBN2 was decreased whereas the levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 were upregulated. Together, our findings indicate that the intravitreous delivery of anti-FBN2 protein could induce retina degeneration in mice, accompanied by the higher activated TGF-β. The retinal degeneration mouse model established will provide a platform for the investigation of the retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furu Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Disease, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuewei Yin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dezheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Ailing Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Disease, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Disease, Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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32
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Li Y, Fan W, Link F, Wang S, Dooley S. Transforming growth factor β latency: A mechanism of cytokine storage and signalling regulation in liver homeostasis and disease. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100397. [PMID: 35059619 PMCID: PMC8760520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent effector in the liver, which is involved in a plethora of processes initiated upon liver injury. TGF-β affects parenchymal, non-parenchymal, and inflammatory cells in a highly context-dependent manner. Its bioavailability is critical for a fast response to various insults. In the liver – and probably in other organs – this is made possible by the deposition of a large portion of TGF-β in the extracellular matrix as an inactivated precursor form termed latent TGF-β (L-TGF-β). Several matrisomal proteins participate in matrix deposition, latent complex stabilisation, and activation of L-TGF-β. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was recently identified as a critical factor in maintaining the latency of deposited L-TGF-β in the healthy liver. Indeed, its depletion causes spontaneous TGF-β signalling activation with deleterious effects on liver architecture and function. This review article presents the current knowledge on intracellular L-TGF-β complex formation, secretion, matrix deposition, and activation and describes the proteins and processes involved. Further, we emphasise the therapeutic potential of toning down L-TGF-β activation in liver fibrosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weiguo Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213835595.
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Addresses: Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213833768;
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33
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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Cossarizza A, Quaglino D. The "Elastic Perspective" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031559. [PMID: 35163482 PMCID: PMC8835950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin represents the structural component of the extracellular matrix providing elastic recoil to tissues such as skin, blood vessels and lungs. Elastogenic cells secrete soluble tropoelastin monomers into the extracellular space where these monomers associate with other matrix proteins (e.g., microfibrils and glycoproteins) and are crosslinked by lysyl oxidase to form insoluble fibres. Once elastic fibres are formed, they are very stable, highly resistant to degradation and have an almost negligible turnover. However, there are circumstances, mainly related to inflammatory conditions, where increased proteolytic degradation of elastic fibres may lead to consequences of major clinical relevance. In severely affected COVID-19 patients, for instance, the massive recruitment and activation of neutrophils is responsible for the profuse release of elastases and other proteolytic enzymes which cause the irreversible degradation of elastic fibres. Within the lungs, destruction of the elastic network may lead to the permanent impairment of pulmonary function, thus suggesting that elastases can be a promising target to preserve the elastic component in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, intrinsic and extrinsic factors additionally contributing to damaging the elastic component and to increasing the spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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34
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Rebecca M, Sripriya K, Bharathselvi M, Shantha B, Vijaya L, Angayarkanni N. Increased Desmosine in the lens capsules is associated with augmented elastin turnover in Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2021; 215:108898. [PMID: 34929161 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an idiopathic disease with a high prevalence rate. The elastosis disorder is contributed by genetic and non-genetic factors. Elastin dysregulation associated with the disease mechanism is incompletely understood. This study evaluated the molecules of the elastogenesis machinery in PXF. Lens capsule and aqueous humor (aqH) samples (age/sex-matched) were collected from the eyes with PXF alone and PXF with glaucoma (PXF-G) undergoing Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) surgery. The Elastin turnover was assessed by estimating Desmosine levels in the lens capsules by HPLC analysis. Expression of elastogenesis genes [EMILIN1, CLU, FBN1, FN1, FBLN5, FBLN4 and LOXL1] were evaluated in the lens capsule by qPCR while the proteins were assessed in aqH by western blot analysis. The Desmosine content in the lens capsules were 3-fold and 6-fold elevated in PXF (P = 0.02) and PXF-G (P = 0.01) respectively compared to the cataract-alone, indicating increased elastin degradation. A significant increase in the transcript levels of the CLU, FBLN4, EMILIN1, FBLN5, FN1, FBN1, LOXL1 along with significant changes in protein expression of CLU, FBLN5, FBN1 and LOXL1 signified up-regulation of the elastogenesis machinery. The study provides direct evidence of augmented elastin degradation and turnover in the lens capsule of PXF marked by increased Desmosine content and the expression of proteins involved in mature elastin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Rebecca
- RS Mehta Jain Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, 600006, India; Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sripriya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - M Bharathselvi
- RS Mehta Jain Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - B Shantha
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Narayanasamy Angayarkanni
- RS Mehta Jain Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, 600006, India.
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35
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Pankova V, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. The Extracellular Matrix in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Pathobiology and Cellular Signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763640. [PMID: 34957097 PMCID: PMC8696013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare cancers of mesenchymal origin or differentiation comprising over 70 different histological subtypes. Due to their mesenchymal differentiation, sarcomas are thought to produce and deposit large quantities of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Interactions between ECM ligands and their corresponding adhesion receptors such as the integrins and the discoidin domain receptors play key roles in driving many fundamental oncogenic processes including uncontrolled proliferation, cellular invasion and altered metabolism. In this review, we focus on emerging studies that describe the key ECM components commonly found in soft tissue sarcomas and discuss preclinical and clinical evidence outlining the important role that these proteins and their cognate adhesion receptors play in sarcomagenesis. We conclude by providing a perspective on the need for more comprehensive in-depth analyses of both the ECM and adhesion receptor biology in multiple histological subtypes in order to identify new drug targets and prognostic biomarkers for this group of rare diseases of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Pankova
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Khin Thway
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paul H. Huang,
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36
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Li R, Liu J, Ma J, Sun X, Wang Y, Yan J, Yu Q, Diao J, Yang C, Reid LM, Wang Y. Fibrinogen improves liver function via promoting cell aggregation and fibronectin assembly in hepatic spheroids. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121266. [PMID: 34875515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many key functions performed by the liver depend on the interaction between parenchymal cells and the microenvironment comprised of neighboring cells and extracellular matrix. The biological macromolecules in the matrix, which are dynamically changing, participate in various physiological processes through interactions with cell surface receptors, antigens, and ion channels. We found the rat liver biomatrix scaffold (LBS) prepared from adult rats is more effective in enhancing the function of hepatic spheroids than those derived from newborn or senile rats. Combined with matrisome and bioinformatics analyses, we further found that the glycoproteins, fibronectin and fibrinogen may have special potential for improving hepatocyte function. Human primary hepatocyte organoids and HepaRG spheroids showed more mature hepatocyte phenotype after adding fibronectin and fibrinogen to the culture system. During the cultivation of hepatic spheroids, fibrinogen resulted in an increase in cell-cell junction by promoting cell aggregation and helping fibronectin to assemble on cell surface, which resulted in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Fibronectin-integrin αVβ1-Wnt/β-catenin may be the axis of signal transduction in parenchymal cell microenvironment. Importantly, fibrinogen enhances the signal transduction. These results suggest that the addition of fibronectin and fibrinogen to the 3D culture system is a new strategy for inducing parenchymal cell functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuer Sun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiexin Yan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qunfang Yu
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jinmei Diao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lola M Reid
- Biology and Biotechnology, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, Beijing Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
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Halper J. Basic Components of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix: Fibronectin, Fibrinogen, Laminin, Elastin, Fibrillins, Fibulins, Matrilins, Tenascins and Thrombospondins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:105-126. [PMID: 34807416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and many types of soft tissues. Elastin is another major component of certain soft tissues, such as arterial walls and ligaments. It is an insoluble polymer of the monomeric soluble precursor tropoelastin, and the main component of elastic fibers in matrix tissue where it provides elastic recoil and resilience to a variety of connective tissues, e.g., aorta and ligaments. Elastic fibers regulate activity of transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) through their association with fibrillin microfibrils. Elastin also plays a role in cell adhesion, cell migration, and has the ability to participate in cell signaling. Mutations in the elastin gene lead to cutis laxa. Many other molecules, though lower in quantity, function as essential, structural and/or functional components of the extracellular matrix in soft tissues. Some of these are reviewed in this chapter. Besides their basic structure, biochemistry and physiology, their roles in disorders of soft tissues are discussed only briefly as most chapters in this volume deal with relevant individual compounds. Fibronectin with its multidomain structure plays a role of "master organizer" in matrix assembly as it forms a bridge between cell surface receptors, e.g., integrins, and compounds such collagen, proteoglycans and other focal adhesion molecules. It also plays an essential role in the assembly of fibrillin-1 into a structured network. Though the primary role of fibrinogen is in clot formation, after conversion to fibrin by thrombin it also binds to a variety of compounds, particularly to various growth factors, and as such, fibrinogen is a player in cardiovascular and extracellular matrix physiology. Laminins contribute to the structure of the ECM and modulate cellular functions such as adhesion, differentiation, migration, stability of phenotype, and resistance towards apoptosis. Fibrillins represent the predominant core of microfibrils in elastic as well as non-elastic extracellular matrixes, and interact closely with tropoelastin and integrins. Not only do microfibrils provide structural integrity of specific organ systems, but they also provide basis for elastogenesis in elastic tissues. Fibrillin is important for the assembly of elastin into elastic fibers. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene are closely associated with Marfan syndrome. Latent TGFβ binding proteins (LTBPs) are included here as their structure is similar to fibrillins. Several categories of ECM components described after fibrillins are sub-classified as matricellular proteins, i.e., they are secreted into ECM, but do not provide structure. Rather they interact with cell membrane receptors, collagens, proteases, hormones and growth factors, communicating and directing cell-ECM traffic. Fibulins are tightly connected with basement membranes, elastic fibers and other components of extracellular matrix and participate in formation of elastic fibers. Matrilins have been emerging as a new group of supporting actors, and their role in connective tissue physiology and pathophysiology has not been fully characterized. Tenascins are ECM polymorphic glycoproteins found in many connective tissues in the body. Their expression is regulated by mechanical stress both during development and in adulthood. Tenascins mediate both inflammatory and fibrotic processes to enable effective tissue repair and play roles in pathogenesis of Ehlers-Danlos, heart disease, and regeneration and recovery of musculo-tendinous tissue. One of the roles of thrombospondin 1 is activation of TGFβ. Increased expression of thrombospondin and TGFβ activity was observed in fibrotic skin disorders such as keloids and scleroderma. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) or thrombospondin-5 is primarily present in the cartilage. High levels of COMP are present in fibrotic scars and systemic sclerosis of the skin, and in tendon, especially with physical activity, loading and post-injury. It plays a role in vascular wall remodeling and has been found in atherosclerotic plaques as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Basic Sciences, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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38
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Bengtsen M, Winje IM, Eftestøl E, Landskron J, Sun C, Nygård K, Domanska D, Millay DP, Meza-Zepeda LA, Gundersen K. Comparing the epigenetic landscape in myonuclei purified with a PCM1 antibody from a fast/glycolytic and a slow/oxidative muscle. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009907. [PMID: 34752468 PMCID: PMC8604348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle cells have different phenotypes adapted to different usage, and can be grossly divided into fast/glycolytic and slow/oxidative types. While most muscles contain a mixture of such fiber types, we aimed at providing a genome-wide analysis of the epigenetic landscape by ChIP-Seq in two muscle extremes, the fast/glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow/oxidative soleus muscles. Muscle is a heterogeneous tissue where up to 60% of the nuclei can be of a different origin. Since cellular homogeneity is critical in epigenome-wide association studies we developed a new method for purifying skeletal muscle nuclei from whole tissue, based on the nuclear envelope protein Pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) being a specific marker for myonuclei. Using antibody labelling and a magnetic-assisted sorting approach, we were able to sort out myonuclei with 95% purity in muscles from mice, rats and humans. The sorting eliminated influence from the other cell types in the tissue and improved the myo-specific signal. A genome-wide comparison of the epigenetic landscape in EDL and soleus reflected the differences in the functional properties of the two muscles, and revealed distinct regulatory programs involving distal enhancers, including a glycolytic super-enhancer in the EDL. The two muscles were also regulated by different sets of transcription factors; e.g. in soleus, binding sites for MEF2C, NFATC2 and PPARA were enriched, while in EDL MYOD1 and SIX1 binding sites were found to be overrepresented. In addition, more novel transcription factors for muscle regulation such as members of the MAF family, ZFX and ZBTB14 were identified. Complex tissues like skeletal muscle contain a variety of cells which confound the analysis of each cell type when based on homogenates, thus only about half of the cell nuclei in muscles reside inside the muscle cells. We here describe a labelling and sorting technique that allowed us to study the epigenetic landscape in purified muscle cell nuclei leaving the other cell types out. Differences between a fast/glycolytic and a slow/oxidative muscle were studied. While all skeletal muscle fibers have a similar make up and basic function, they differ in their physiology and the way they are used. Thus, some fibers are fast contracting but fatigable, and are used for short lasting explosive tasks such as sprinting. Other fibers are slow and are used for more prolonged tasks such as standing or long distance running. Since fiber type correlate with metabolic profile these features can also be related to metabolic diseases. We here show that the epigenetic landscape differed in gene loci corresponding to the differences in functional properties, and revealed that the two types are enriched in different gene regulatory networks. Exercise can alter muscle phenotype, and the epigenetic landscape might be related to how plastic different properties are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Bengtsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Chengyi Sun
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kamilla Nygård
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana Domanska
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas P. Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Rippa AL, Alpeeva EV, Vasiliev AV, Vorotelyak EA. Alveologenesis: What Governs Secondary Septa Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212107. [PMID: 34829987 PMCID: PMC8618598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The simplification of alveoli leads to various lung pathologies such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema. Deep insight into the process of emergence of the secondary septa during development and regeneration after pneumonectomy, and into the contribution of the drivers of alveologenesis and neo-alveolarization is required in an efficient search for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we describe the formation of the gas exchange units of the lung as a multifactorial process, which includes changes in the actomyosin cytoskeleton of alveocytes and myofibroblasts, elastogenesis, retinoic acid signaling, and the contribution of alveolar mesenchymal cells in secondary septation. Knowledge of the mechanistic context of alveologenesis remains incomplete. The characterization of the mechanisms that govern the emergence and depletion of αSMA will allow for an understanding of how the niche of fibroblasts is changing. Taking into account the intense studies that have been performed on the pool of lung mesenchymal cells, we present data on the typing of interstitial fibroblasts and their role in the formation and maintenance of alveoli. On the whole, when identifying cell subpopulations in lung mesenchyme, one has to consider the developmental context, the changing cellular functions, and the lability of gene signatures.
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Kore RA, Wang X, Henson JC, Ding Z, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Mehta JL. Proteomic basis of modulation of postischemic fibrosis by MSC exosomes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R639-R654. [PMID: 34431382 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After an ischemic event, there is activation of fibroblasts leading to scar formation. It is critical to limit the profibrotic remodeling and activate the reparative remodeling phase to limit cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes offer significant protection against ischemia-related systolic dysfunction. Here, we studied if MSC exosomes would offer protection against profibrotic events in mouse hearts subjected to acute ischemia [1 h left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion] or chronic ischemia (7 days LCA occlusion). After acute ischemia, there was activation of inflammatory signals, more in the peri-infarct than in the infarct area, in the saline (vehicle)-treated mice. At the same time, there was expression of cardiac remodeling signals (vimentin, collagens-1 and -3, and fibronectin), more in the infarct area. Treatment with MSC exosomes before LCA ligation suppressed inflammatory signals during acute and chronic ischemia. Furthermore, exosome treatment promoted pro-reparative cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in both infarct and peri-infarct areas by suppressing fibronectin secretion and by modulating collagen secretion to reduce fibrotic scar formation through altered cellular signaling pathways. Proteomics study revealed intense expression of IL-1β and activation of profibrotic signals in the saline-treated hearts and their suppression in MSC exosome-treated hearts. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the infarct and peri-infarct area proteomics of ischemic mice hearts to explain MSC exosome-mediated suppression of scar formation in the ischemic mouse hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajshekhar A Kore
- Cardiology Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jeffrey Curran Henson
- Cardiology Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Zufeng Ding
- Cardiology Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Cardiology Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Côté E, Zhang RM, Kaiser N, Reinhardt DP, Martin CK. Annuloaortic ectasia in a four-month-old male Newfoundland dog: long-term follow-up and immunofluorescent study. Vet Q 2021; 41:280-291. [PMID: 34607531 PMCID: PMC8526017 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1961039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4 month-old, 14.8 kg, male Newfoundland dog was presented for cardiovascular evaluation following detection of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed enlargement of the sinuses of Valsalva and marked, diffuse dilation of the ascending aorta (annuloaortic ectasia, AAE), with mild/equivocal subaortic stenosis (SAS). The dog was monitored over the duration of its lifetime, with serial echocardiograms performed at 5, 6, and 8 months and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 10 years demonstrating persistent, diffuse dilation of the ascending aorta. The dog lived until it was 10 years old and died of metastatic carcinoma. Postmortem examination confirmed AAE and mild SAS. Hematoxylin and eosin and Weigert van Gieson stains were used to compare the ascending aorta to the descending aorta and left subclavian artery, and to compare aortic samples to those of three control dogs. Histopathologic evaluation revealed mild medial degeneration in the ascending aorta of all four dogs. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used for determining the deposition of proteins known to play a role in aortic aneurysms in humans: fibrillin-1 (FBN1), latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 (LTBP4) and fibronectin. The ascending aorta of the AAE case demonstrated reduced deposition of FBN1, indicating that its loss may have contributed to aortic dilation. Diffuse, primary ascending aortic dilation is uncommonly reported in dogs; when it is, it carries a poor prognosis. This case provides an important example of marked dilation of the ascending aorta in a dog that lived with no associated adverse effects for 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Côté
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Rong-Mo Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Kaiser
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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Fibronectin: Molecular Structure, Fibrillar Structure and Mechanochemical Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092443. [PMID: 34572092 PMCID: PMC8471655 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role as both structural scaffold and regulator of cell signal transduction in tissues. In times of ECM assembly and turnover, cells upregulate assembly of the ECM protein, fibronectin (FN). FN is assembled by cells into viscoelastic fibrils that can bind upward of 40 distinct growth factors and cytokines. These fibrils play a key role in assembling a provisional ECM during embryonic development and wound healing. Fibril assembly is also often upregulated during disease states, including cancer and fibrotic diseases. FN fibrils have unique mechanical properties, which allow them to alter mechanotransduction signals sensed and relayed by cells. Binding of soluble growth factors to FN fibrils alters signal transduction from these proteins, while binding of other ECM proteins, including collagens, elastins, and proteoglycans, to FN fibrils facilitates the maturation and tissue specificity of the ECM. In this review, we will discuss the assembly of FN fibrils from individual FN molecules; the composition, structure, and mechanics of FN fibrils; the interaction of FN fibrils with other ECM proteins and growth factors; the role of FN in transmitting mechanobiology signaling events; and approaches for studying the mechanics of FN fibrils.
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Xing Y, Varghese B, Ling Z, Kar AS, Reinoso Jacome E, Ren X. Extracellular Matrix by Design: Native Biomaterial Fabrication and Functionalization to Boost Tissue Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Spada S, Tocci A, Di Modugno F, Nisticò P. Fibronectin as a multiregulatory molecule crucial in tumor matrisome: from structural and functional features to clinical practice in oncology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:102. [PMID: 33731188 PMCID: PMC7972229 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and architecture may represent a novel approach to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. Among the ECM components, fibronectin and its fibrillary assembly represent the scaffold to build up the entire ECM structure, deeply affecting its features. Herein we focus on this extraordinary protein starting from its complex structure and defining its role in cancer as prognostic and theranostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Modugno
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Matsuzaki T, Keene DR, Nishimoto E, Noda M. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs and MT1-MMP promote the formation of robust fibrillin fibers. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1980-1995. [PMID: 32730638 PMCID: PMC7818472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) form mesh-like structures of microfibrils in various elastic tissues. RECK and FBN1 are co-expressed in many human tissues, suggesting a functional relationship. We found that dermal FBN1 fibers show atypical morphology in mice with reduced RECK expression (RECK-Hypo mice). Dermal FBN1 fibers in mice-lacking membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) show a similar atypical morphology, despite the current notion that MT1-MMP (a membrane-bound protease) and RECK (a membrane-bound protease inhibitor) have opposing functions. Our experiments using dermal fibroblasts indicated that RECK promotes pro-MT1-MMP activation, increases cell-associated gelatinase/collagenase activity, and decreases diffusible gelatinase/collagenase activity, while MT1-MMP stabilizes RECK in these cells. Experiments using purified proteins indicate that RECK and its binding partner ADAMTS10 keep the proteolytic activity of MT1-MMP within a certain range. These findings suggest that RECK, ADAMTS10, and MT1-MMP cooperate to support the formation of robust FBN1 fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Departments of Medical Genetics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shriners Hospital for ChildrenOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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Heinz A. Elastic fibers during aging and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101255. [PMID: 33434682 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are essential constituents of the extracellular matrix of higher vertebrates and endow several tissues and organs including lungs, skin and blood vessels with elasticity and resilience. During the human lifespan, elastic fibers are exposed to a variety of enzymatic, chemical and biophysical influences, and accumulate damage due to their low turnover. Aging of elastin and elastic fibers involves enzymatic degradation, oxidative damage, glycation, calcification, aspartic acid racemization, binding of lipids and lipid peroxidation products, carbamylation and mechanical fatigue. These processes can trigger an impairment or loss of elastic fiber function and are associated with severe pathologies. There are different inherited or acquired pathological conditions, which influence the structure and function of elastic fibers and microfibrils predominantly in the cardiorespiratory system and skin. Inherited elastic-fiber pathologies have a direct or indirect impact on elastic-fiber formation due to mutations in the fibrillin genes (fibrillinopathies), in the elastin gene (elastinopathies) or in genes encoding proteins that are associated with microfibrils or elastic fibers. Acquired elastic-fiber pathologies appear age-related or as a result of multiple factors impairing tissue homeostasis. This review gives an overview on the fate of elastic fibers over the human lifespan in health and disease.
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Garrison CM, Schwarzbauer JE. Fibronectin fibril alignment is established upon initiation of extracellular matrix assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:739-752. [PMID: 33625865 PMCID: PMC8108514 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-08-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is tissue-specific and fundamental to normal tissue function. Proper alignment of ECM fibers is essential for the functioning of a variety of tissues. While matrix assembly in general has been intensively investigated, little is known about the mechanisms required for formation of aligned ECM fibrils. We investigated the initiation of fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly using fibroblasts that assemble parallel ECM fibrils and found that matrix assembly sites, where FN fibrillogenesis is initiated, were oriented in parallel at the cell poles. We show that these polarized matrix assembly sites progress into fibrillar adhesions and ultimately into aligned FN fibrils. Cells that assemble an unaligned meshwork matrix form matrix assembly sites around the cell periphery, but the distribution of matrix assembly sites in these cells could be modulated through micropatterning or mechanical stretch. While an elongated cell shape corresponds with a polarized matrix assembly site distribution, these two features are not absolutely linked, since we discovered that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) enhances matrix assembly site polarity and assembly of aligned fibrils independent of cell elongation. We conclude that the ultimate orientation of FN fibrils is determined by the alignment and distribution of matrix assembly sites that form during the initial stages of cell–FN interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Garrison
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Feneck EM, Lewis PN, Meek KM. Identification of a Primary Stroma and Novel Endothelial Cell Projections in the Developing Human Cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:5. [PMID: 32492106 PMCID: PMC7415898 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the initial events in the development of the human cornea, focusing on cell migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis and organization. To determine whether elastic fibers are present in the extracellular matrix during early human corneal development. Methods Human corneas were collected from week 7 to week 17 of development. An elastic fiber-enhancing stain, tannic acid–uranyl acetate, was applied to all tissue. Three-dimensional serial block-face scanning electron microscopy combined with conventional transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the corneal stroma. Results An acellular collagenous primary stroma with an orthogonal arrangement of fibrils was identified in the central cornea from week 7 of corneal development. At week 7.5, mesenchymal cells migrated toward the central cornea and associated with the acellular collagenous matrix. Novel cell extensions from the endothelium were identified. Elastic fibers were found concentrated in the posterior peripheral corneal stroma from week 12 of corneal development. Conclusions This study provides novel evidence of an acellular primary stroma in the early development of the embryonic human cornea. Cell extensions exist as part of a communication system and are hypothesized to assist in the migration of the mesenchymal cells and the development of the mature cornea. Elastic fibers identified in early corneal development may play an important role in establishing corneal shape.
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50
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Del Monte-Nieto G, Fischer JW, Gorski DJ, Harvey RP, Kovacic JC. Basic Biology of Extracellular Matrix in the Cardiovascular System, Part 1/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2169-2188. [PMID: 32354384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component of tissues in the cardiovascular system and other organs throughout the body. It is formed of filamentous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, which extensively interact and whose structure and dynamics are modified by cross-linking, bridging proteins, and cleavage by matrix degrading enzymes. The ECM serves important structural and regulatory roles in establishing tissue architecture and cellular function. The ECM of the developing heart has unique properties created by its emerging contractile nature; similarly, ECM lining blood vessels is highly elastic in order to sustain the basal and pulsatile forces imposed on their walls throughout life. In this part 1 of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar, we focus on the role, function, and basic biology of the ECM in both heart development and in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Gorski
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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