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Virtanen V, Paunu K, Niva S, Sundvall M, Paatero I. Effect of caldesmon mutations in the development of zebrafish embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:10-18. [PMID: 37262948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a profound medical concern and better treatments are needed for cancer patients. Therefore, new cancer targets are constantly being studied. These targets need not only be relevant for cancer progression, but their modulation needs to be tolerated reasonably well by the host. Caldesmon is one of these proposed novel targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, we analyzed effects of caldesmon mutations in normal development using genetically modified zebrafish embryos. We analyzed mutations in both zebrafish caldesmon genes, cald1a and cald1b and analyzed effects of either mutation alone or as in combination in double homozygous embryos using molecular, morphological and functional analyses. The effects of caldesmon mutations were mild and the gross development of zebrafish embryos was normal. The caldesmon mutant embryos had, however, alterations in response to light-stimulus in behavioural assays. Taken together, the effects of caldesmon mutations in the development of zebrafish embryos were reasonably well tolerated and did not indicate significant concerns for caldesmon being a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland; Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Virtanen V, Paunu K, Kukkula A, Niva S, Junila Y, Toriseva M, Jokilehto T, Mäkelä S, Huhtaniemi R, Poutanen M, Paatero I, Sundvall M. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced non-muscle caldesmon regulates metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:42. [PMID: 37573448 PMCID: PMC10423232 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by the presence of metastases and development of resistance to therapies. Metastases form in a multi-step process enabled by dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. An actin cytoskeleton regulating gene, CALD1, encodes a protein caldesmon (CaD). Its isoform, low-molecular-weight CaD (l-CaD), operates in non-muscle cells, supporting the function of filaments involved in force production and mechanosensing. Several factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been identified as regulators of l-CaD in different cell types, but the regulation of l-CaD in PCa has not been defined. PCa develops resistance in response to therapeutic inhibition of androgen signaling by multiple strategies. Known strategies include androgen receptor (AR) alterations, modified steroid synthesis, and bypassing AR signaling, for example, by GR upregulation. Here, we report that in vitro downregulation of l-CaD promotes epithelial phenotype and reduces spheroid growth in 3D, which is reflected in vivo in reduced formation of metastases in zebrafish PCa xenografts. In accordance, CALD1 mRNA expression correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcripts in PCa patients. We also show that CALD1 is highly co-expressed with GR in multiple PCa data sets, and GR activation upregulates l-CaD in vitro. Moreover, GR upregulation associates with increased l-CaD expression after the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy in PCa xenograft mouse models. In summary, GR-regulated l-CaD plays a role in forming PCa metastases, being clinically relevant when antiandrogen resistance is attained by the means of bypassing AR signaling by GR upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ylva Junila
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Toriseva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Jokilehto
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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Lohraseb I, McCarthy P, Secker G, Marchant C, Wu J, Ali N, Kumar S, Daly RJ, Harvey NL, Kawabe H, Kleifeld O, Wiszniak S, Schwarz Q. Global ubiquitinome profiling identifies NEDD4 as a regulator of Profilin 1 and actin remodelling in neural crest cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2018. [PMID: 35440627 PMCID: PMC9018756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 promotes neural crest cell (NCC) survival and stem-cell like properties to regulate craniofacial and peripheral nervous system development. However, how ubiquitination and NEDD4 control NCC development remains unknown. Here we combine quantitative analysis of the proteome, transcriptome and ubiquitinome to identify key developmental signalling pathways that are regulated by NEDD4. We report 276 NEDD4 targets in NCCs and show that loss of NEDD4 leads to a pronounced global reduction in specific ubiquitin lysine linkages. We further show that NEDD4 contributes to the regulation of the NCC actin cytoskeleton by controlling ubiquitination and turnover of Profilin 1 to modulate filamentous actin polymerization. Taken together, our data provide insights into how NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination coordinates key regulatory processes during NCC development. Here the authors combine multi-omics approaches to uncover a role for ubiquitination and the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in targeting the actin binding protein Profilin 1 to regulate actin polymerisation in neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Lohraseb
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Peter McCarthy
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Genevieve Secker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Ceilidh Marchant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Naveid Ali
- Bone Therapeutics Group, Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, 37075, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Sophie Wiszniak
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
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Cheng Q, Tang A, Wang Z, Fang N, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li C, Zeng Y. CALD1 Modulates Gliomas Progression via Facilitating Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112705. [PMID: 34070840 PMCID: PMC8199308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Caldesmon has recently attracted attention in cancer due to its roles in cell migration, invasion and proliferation. l-CALD1 was also considered a potential serum marker for glioma. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying the effect of CALD1 on the microvascular facilitation and architecture in glioma. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of CALD1 for prediction glioma patient prognosis and in glioma angiogenesis. The findings of this study suggested that l-CALD1 could imply abnormal microvessels in anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM. In addition, high CI (calmodulin index) predicted worse prognosis in glioma, and furthermore, CALD1 may serve as a key marker for monitoring the progress of glioma and a novel target for therapy. Abstract Angiogenesis is more prominent in anaplastic gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM) than that in pilocytic and diffuse gliomas. Caldesmon (CALD1) plays roles in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and vascularization. However, limited information is available on mechanisms underlying the effect of CALD1 on the microvascular facilitation and architecture in glioma. In this study, we explored the role of CALD1 in gliomas by integrating bulk RNA-seq analysis and single cell RNA-seq analysis. A positive correlation between CALD1 expression and the gliomas’ pathological grade was noticed, according to the samples from the TCGA and CGGA database. Moreover, higher CALD1 expression samples showed worse clinical outcomes than lower CALD1 expression samples. Biofunction prediction suggested that CALD1 may affect glioma progression through modulating tumor angiogenesis. The map of the tumor microenvironment also depicted that more stromal cells, such as endothelial cells and pericytes, infiltrated in high CALD1 expression samples. CALD1 was found to be remarkably upregulated in neoplastic cells and was involved in tumorigenic processes of gliomas in single cell sequencing analysis. Histology and immunofluorescence analysis also indicated that CALD1 associates with vessel architecture, resulting in glioma grade progression. In conclusion, the present study implies that CALD1 may serve as putative marker monitoring the progress of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China; (A.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China; (A.T.); (N.F.)
| | - Zhuojing Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Tsikandelova R, Mladenov P, Planchon S, Kalenderova S, Praskova M, Mihaylova Z, Stanimirov P, Mitev V, Renaut J, Ishkitiev N. Proteome response of dental pulp cells to exogenous FGF8. J Proteomics 2018; 183:14-24. [PMID: 29758290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FGF8 specifies early tooth development by directing the migration of the early tooth founder cells to the site of tooth emergence. To date the effect of the FGF8 in adult dental pulp has not been studied. We have assessed the regenerative potential of FGF8 by evaluating changes in the proteome landscape of dental pulp following short- and long-term exposure to recombinant FGF8 protein. In addition, we carried out qRT PCR analysis to determine extracellular/adhesion gene marker expression and assessed cell proliferation and mineralization in response to FGF8 treatment. 2D and mass spectrometry data showed differential expression of proteins implicated in cytoskeleton/ECM remodeling and migration, cell proliferation and odontogenic differentiation as evidenced by the upregulation of gelsolin, moesin, LMNA, WDR1, PLOD2, COPS5 and downregulation of P4HB. qRT PCR showed downregulation of proteins involved in cell-matrix adhesion such as ADAMTS8, LAMB3 and ANOS1 and increased expression of the angiogenesis marker PECAM1. We have observed that, FGF8 treatment was able to boost dental pulp cell proliferation and to enhance dental pulp mineralization. Collectively, our data suggest that, FGF8 treatment could promote endogenous healing of the dental pulp via recruitment of dental pulp progenitors as well as by promoting their angiogenic and odontogenic differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Dental pulp cells (DP) have been studied extensively for the purposes of mineralized tissue repair, particularly for the reconstruction of hard and soft tissue maxillofacial defects. Canonical FGF signaling has been implicated throughout multiple stages of tooth development by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival as well as cellular migration. FGF8 expression is indispensible for normal tooth development and particularly for the migration of early tooth progenitors to the sites of tooth emergence. The present study provides proteome and qRT PCR data with regard to the future application and biological relevance of FGF8 in dental regenerative medicine. AUTHORS WITH ORCID Rozaliya Tsikandelova - 0000-0003-0178-3767 Zornitsa Mihaylova - 0000-0003-1748-4489 Sébastien Planchon - 0000-0002-0455-0574 Nikolay Ishkitiev - 0000-0002-4351-5579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozaliya Tsikandelova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave Str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Petko Mladenov
- Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, Dr. Tsankov Blvd 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Kalenderova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave Str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Praskova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave Str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Zornitsa Mihaylova
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1 G. Sofiyski str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Stanimirov
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1 G. Sofiyski str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave Str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nikolay Ishkitiev
- Medical University Sofia, Dept. of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2 Zdrave Str. Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria.
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Genetic Requirement of talin1 for Proliferation of Cranial Neural Crest Cells during Palate Development. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2018; 6:e1633. [PMID: 29707441 PMCID: PMC5908504 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Craniofacial malformations are among the most common congenital anomalies. Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) form craniofacial structures involving multiple cellular processes, perturbations of which contribute to craniofacial malformations. Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix mediates bidirectional interactions of the cells with their extracellular environment that plays an important role in craniofacial morphogenesis. Talin (tln) is crucial in cell-matrix adhesion between cells, but its role in craniofacial morphogenesis is poorly understood. Methods: Talin gene expression was determined by whole mount in situ hybridization. Craniofacial cartilage and muscles were analyzed by Alcian blue in Tg(mylz2:mCherry) and by transmission electron microscopy. Pulse-chase photoconversion, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays were performed for functional analysis. Results: Expression of tln1 was observed in the craniofacial cartilage structures, including the palate. The Meckel’s cartilage was hypoplastic, the palate was shortened, and the craniofacial muscles were malformed in tln1 mutants. Pulse-chase and EdU assays during palate morphogenesis revealed defects in CNCC proliferation in mutants. No defects were observed in CNCC migration and apoptosis. Conclusions: The work shows that tln1 is critical for craniofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish. Loss of tln1 leads to a shortened palate and Meckel’s cartilage along with disorganized skeletal muscles. Investigations into the cellular processes show that tln1 is required for CNCC proliferation during palate morphogenesis. The work will lead to a better understanding of the involvement of cytoskeletal proteins in craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Nie S, Bronner ME. Dual developmental role of transcriptional regulator Ets1 in Xenopus cardiac neural crest vs. heart mesoderm. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:67-75. [PMID: 25691536 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ets1 is an important transcription factor that is expressed in both the cardiac neural crest (NC) and heart mesoderm of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, Ets1 deletion in humans results in congenital heart abnormalities. To clarify the functional contributions of Ets1 in cardiac NC vs. heart mesoderm, we performed tissue-targeted loss-of-function analysis to compare the relative roles of Ets1 in these two tissues during heart formation using Xenopus embryos as a model system. METHODS AND RESULTS We confirmed by in situ hybridization analysis that Ets1 is expressed in NC and heart mesoderm during embryogenesis. Using a translation-blocking antisense morpholino to knockdown Ets1 protein selectively in the NC, we observed defects in NC delamination from the neural tube, collective cell migration, as well as segregation of NC streams in the cranial and cardiac regions. Many cardiac NC cells failed to reach their destination in the heart, resulting in defective aortic arch artery formation. A different set of defects was noted when Ets1 knockdown was targeted to heart mesoderm. The formation of the primitive heart tube was dramatically delayed and the endocardial tissue appeared depleted. As a result, the conformation of the heart was severely disrupted. In addition, the outflow tract septum was missing, and trabeculae formation in the ventricle was abolished. CONCLUSION Our study shows that Ets1 is required in both the cardiac NC and heart mesoderm, albeit for different aspects of heart formation. Our results reinforce the suggestion that proper interaction between these tissues is critical for normal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Nie
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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8
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Butler SJ, Bronner ME. From classical to current: analyzing peripheral nervous system and spinal cord lineage and fate. Dev Biol 2015; 398:135-46. [PMID: 25446276 PMCID: PMC4845735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate development, the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) arise from the neural plate. Cells at the margin of the neural plate give rise to neural crest cells, which migrate extensively throughout the embryo, contributing to the majority of neurons and all of the glia of the PNS. The rest of the neural plate invaginates to form the neural tube, which expands to form the brain and spinal cord. The emergence of molecular cloning techniques and identification of fluorophores like Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), together with transgenic and electroporation technologies, have made it possible to easily visualize the cellular and molecular events in play during nervous system formation. These lineage-tracing techniques have precisely demonstrated the migratory pathways followed by neural crest cells and increased knowledge about their differentiation into PNS derivatives. Similarly, in the spinal cord, lineage-tracing techniques have led to a greater understanding of the regional organization of multiple classes of neural progenitor and post-mitotic neurons along the different axes of the spinal cord and how these distinct classes of neurons assemble into the specific neural circuits required to realize their various functions. Here, we review how both classical and modern lineage and marker analyses have expanded our knowledge of early peripheral nervous system and spinal cord development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, TLSB 3129, 610 Charles E Young Drive East, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Department of Neurobiology, TLSB 3129, 610 Charles E Young Drive East, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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9
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Berndt C, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Holmgren A, Bräutigam L. Zebrafish heart development is regulated via glutaredoxin 2 dependent migration and survival of neural crest cells. Redox Biol 2014; 2:673-8. [PMID: 24944912 PMCID: PMC4060141 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 2 is a vertebrate specific oxidoreductase of the thioredoxin family of proteins modulating the intracellular thiol pool. Thereby, glutaredoxin 2 is important for specific redox signaling and regulates embryonic development of brain and vasculature via reversible oxidative posttranslational thiol modifications. Here, we describe that glutaredoxin 2 is also required for successful heart formation. Knock-down of glutaredoxin 2 in zebrafish embryos inhibits the invasion of cardiac neural crest cells into the primary heart field. This leads to impaired heart looping and subsequent obstructed blood flow. Glutaredoxin 2 specificity of the observed phenotype was confirmed by rescue experiments. Active site variants of glutaredoxin 2 revealed that the (de)-glutathionylation activity is required for proper heart formation. Our data suggest that actin might be one target during glutaredoxin 2 regulated cardiac neural crest cell migration and embryonic heart development. In summary, this work represents further evidence for the general importance of redox signaling in embryonic development and highlights additionally the importance of glutaredoxin 2 during embryogenesis. Reversible redox regulation, S-glutathionylation, regulates heart formation. Glutaredoxin 2 controls migration of neural crest cells. Loss of glutaredoxin 2 impairs heart looping and subsequently heart functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berndt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowinger Platz 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, BMFZ, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, BMFZ, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Maggi R, Dondi D, Piccolella M, Casulari LA, Martini L. New insight on the molecular aspects of glucocorticoid effects in nervous system development. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:775-80. [PMID: 23765505 DOI: 10.3275/9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids (Gc) are among the most significant hormones in the mammalian organisms; these steroids may reach and penetrate all tissues where they interact with cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors, through which they exert multiple and very multifaceted actions. The effects of physiological concentrations of Gc on brain functions have not been completely clarified, even though Gc are recognized to influence behavioral responses, emotions, cognitive processes and to take part in the neuroendocrine control of body homeostasis. Developmental programming effects of Gc in animal models and humans have been proposed. Actually, pre-natal stress, or exposure to high Gc levels, would somehow affect neuronal developmental events in some structure and this can lead to central nervous system altered functions, as the impairment of neuroendocrine activities, cognitive processes, sleep and mood disorders. Interestingly, it has been observed that these abnormalities may not be limited to the first directly exposed individuals but transmissible across generations. The establishment of animal models with localized pre-natal glucocorticoid receptors deficiency led to the accumulation of data on the possible roles of these hormones on development of the central and peripheral nervous system. The most recent findings on the effects of Gc on neuroblast development, with particular attention to neuronal migration, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Biomedicine and Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Milan, Via G. Balzaretti, 9 - 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Ishii M, Arias AC, Liu L, Chen YB, Bronner ME, Maxson RE. A stable cranial neural crest cell line from mouse. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3069-80. [PMID: 22889333 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells give rise to ectomesenchymal derivatives such as cranial bones, cartilage, smooth muscle, dentin, as well as melanocytes, corneal endothelial cells, and neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have suggested that although multipotent stem-like cells may exist during the course of cranial neural crest development, they are transient, undergoing lineage restriction early in embryonic development. We have developed culture conditions that allow cranial neural crest cells to be grown as multipotent stem-like cells. With these methods, we obtained 2 independent cell lines, O9-1 and i10-1, which were derived from mass cultures of Wnt1-Cre; R26R-GFP-expressing cells. These cell lines can be propagated and passaged indefinitely, and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, and glial cells. Whole-genome expression profiling of O9-1 cells revealed that this line stably expresses stem cell markers (CD44, Sca-1, and Bmi1) and neural crest markers (AP-2α, Twist1, Sox9, Myc, Ets1, Dlx1, Dlx2, Crabp1, Epha2, and Itgb1). O9-1 cells are capable of contributing to cranial mesenchymal (osteoblast and smooth muscle) neural crest fates when injected into E13.5 mouse cranial tissue explants and chicken embryos. These results suggest that O9-1 cells represent multipotent mesenchymal cranial neural crest cells. The O9-1 cell line should serve as a useful tool for investigating the molecular properties of differentiating cranial neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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