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Peysson A, Zariohi N, Gendrel M, Chambert-Loir A, Frébault N, Cheynet E, Andrini O, Boulin T. Wnt-Ror-Dvl signalling and the dystrophin complex organize planar-polarized membrane compartments in C. elegans muscles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4935. [PMID: 38858388 PMCID: PMC11164867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity mechanisms allow the formation of specialized membrane domains with unique protein compositions, signalling properties, and functional characteristics. By analyzing the localization of potassium channels and proteins belonging to the dystrophin-associated protein complex, we reveal the existence of distinct planar-polarized membrane compartments at the surface of C. elegans muscle cells. We find that muscle polarity is controlled by a non-canonical Wnt signalling cascade involving the ligand EGL-20/Wnt, the receptor CAM-1/Ror, and the intracellular effector DSH-1/Dishevelled. Interestingly, classical planar cell polarity proteins are not required for this process. Using time-resolved protein degradation, we demonstrate that -while it is essentially in place by the end of embryogenesis- muscle polarity is a dynamic state, requiring continued presence of DSH-1 throughout post-embryonic life. Our results reveal the unsuspected complexity of the C. elegans muscle membrane and establish a genetically tractable model system to study cellular polarity and membrane compartmentalization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Peysson
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Noura Zariohi
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Marie Gendrel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Amandine Chambert-Loir
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Noémie Frébault
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Elise Cheynet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Olga Andrini
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Thomas Boulin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, MeLiS, Lyon, 69008, France.
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2
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Ruscu M, Capitanescu B, Rupek P, Dandekar T, Radu E, Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A. The post-stroke young adult brain has limited capacity to re-express the gene expression patterns seen during early postnatal brain development. Brain Pathol 2024:e13232. [PMID: 38198833 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of the brain's response to injury can play an important role in recovery after a brain lesion. In this study, we investigated whether the ischemic young adult brain can re-express brain plasticity genes that were active during early postnatal development. Differentially expressed genes in the cortex of juvenile post-natal day 3 and the peri-infarcted cortical areas of young, 3-month-old post-stroke rats were identified using fixed-effects modeling within an empirical Bayes framework through condition-specific comparison. To further analyze potential biological processes, upregulated and downregulated genes were assessed for enrichment using GSEA software. The genes showing the highest expression changes were subsequently verified through RT-PCR. Our findings indicate that the adult brain partially recapitulates the gene expression profile observed in the juvenile brain but fails to upregulate many genes and pathways necessary for brain plasticity. Of the upregulated genes in post-stroke brains, specific roles have not been assigned to Apobec1, Cenpf, Ect2, Folr2, Glipr1, Myo1f, and Pttg1. New genes that failed to upregulate in the adult post-stroke brain include Bex4, Cd24, Klhl1/Mrp2, Trim67, and St8sia2. Among the upregulated pathways, the largest change was observed in the KEGG pathway "One carbon pool of folate," which is necessary for cellular proliferation, followed by the KEGG pathway "Antifolate resistance," whose genes mainly encode the family of ABC transporters responsible for the efflux of drugs that have entered the brain. We also noted three less-described downregulated KEGG pathways in experimental models: glycolipid biosynthesis, oxytocin, and cortisol pathways, which could be relevant as therapeutic targets. The limited brain plasticity of the adult brain is illustrated through molecular and histological analysis of the axonal growth factor, KIF4. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that further research is needed to decipher the complex genetic mechanisms that prevent the re-expression of brain plasticity-associated genes in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ruscu
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Paul Rupek
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Chair of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Radu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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3
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Wang R, Bialas AL, Goel T, Collins EMS. Mechano-Chemical Coupling in Hydra Regeneration and Patterning. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1422-1441. [PMID: 37339912 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The freshwater cnidarian Hydra can regenerate from wounds, small tissue fragments and even from aggregated cells. This process requires the de novo development of a body axis and oral-aboral polarity, a fundamental developmental process that involves chemical patterning and mechanical shape changes. Gierer and Meinhardt recognized that Hydra's simple body plan and amenability to in vivo experiments make it an experimentally and mathematically tractable model to study developmental patterning and symmetry breaking. They developed a reaction-diffusion model, involving a short-range activator and a long-range inhibitor, which successfully explained patterning in the adult animal. In 2011, HyWnt3 was identified as a candidate for the activator. However, despite the continued efforts of both physicists and biologists, the predicted inhibitor remains elusive. Furthermore, the Gierer-Meinhardt model cannot explain de novo axis formation in cellular aggregates that lack inherited tissue polarity. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on Hydra symmetry breaking and patterning. We summarize the history of patterning studies and insights from recent biomechanical and molecular studies, and highlight the need for continued validation of theoretical assumptions and collaboration across disciplinary boundaries. We conclude by proposing new experiments to test current mechano-chemical coupling models and suggest ideas for expanding the Gierer-Meinhardt model to explain de novo patterning, as observed in Hydra aggregates. The availability of a fully sequenced genome, transgenic fluorescent reporter strains, and modern imaging techniques, that enable unprecedented observation of cellular events in vivo, promise to allow the community to crack Hydra's secret to patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 CA, USA
| | - April L Bialas
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, 19081 PA, USA
| | - Tapan Goel
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332 GA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 CA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria S Collins
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave, Swarthmore, 19081 PA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA
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Konopelski Snavely SE, Srinivasan S, Dreyer CA, Tan J, Carraway KL, Ho HYH. Non-canonical WNT5A-ROR signaling: New perspectives on an ancient developmental pathway. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:195-227. [PMID: 36967195 PMCID: PMC11042798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering non-canonical WNT signaling has proven to be both fascinating and challenging. Discovered almost 30 years ago, non-canonical WNT ligands signal independently of the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin to regulate a wide range of morphogenetic processes during development. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie non-canonical WNT function, however, remain nebulous. Recent results from various model systems have converged to define a core non-canonical WNT pathway consisting of the prototypic non-canonical WNT ligand, WNT5A, the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR, the seven transmembrane receptor Frizzled and the cytoplasmic scaffold protein Dishevelled. Importantly, mutations in each of these signaling components cause Robinow syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by profound tissue morphogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, dysregulation of the pathway has also been linked to cancer metastasis. As new knowledge concerning the WNT5A-ROR pathway continues to grow, modeling these mutations will likely provide crucial insights into both the physiological regulation of the pathway and the etiology of WNT5A-ROR-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Konopelski Snavely
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Srisathya Srinivasan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jia Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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5
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The Kinesin Gene KIF26B Modulates the Severity of Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169203. [PMID: 36012474 PMCID: PMC9409126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of pathological bone deposits within soft tissues, termed heterotopic ossification (HO), is common after trauma. However, the severity of HO formation varies substantially between individuals, from relatively isolated small bone islands through to extensive soft tissue replacement by bone giving rise to debilitating symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify novel candidate therapeutic molecular targets for severe HO. We conducted a genome-wide scan in men and women with HO of varying severity following hip replacement for osteoarthritis. HO severity was dichotomized as mild or severe, and association analysis was performed with adjustment for age and sex. We next confirmed expression of the gene encoded by the lead signal in human bone and in primary human mesenchymal stem cells. We then examined the effect of gene knockout in a murine model of osseous trans-differentiation, and finally we explored transcription factor phosphorylation in key pathways perturbed by the gene. Ten independent signals were suggestively associated with HO severity, with KIF26B as the lead. We subsequently confirmed KIF26B expression in human bone and upregulation upon BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation in primary human mesenchymal stem cells, and also in a rat tendo-Achilles model of post-traumatic HO. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout of Kif26b inhibited BMP2-induced Runx2, Sp7/Osterix, Col1A1, Alp, and Bglap/Osteocalcin expression and mineralized nodule formation in a murine myocyte model of osteogenic trans-differentiation. Finally, KIF26B deficiency inhibited ERK MAP kinase activation during osteogenesis, whilst augmenting p38 and SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest a role for KIF26B in modulating the severity of post-traumatic HO and provide a potential novel avenue for therapeutic translation.
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Balseiro-Gómez S, Park J, Yue Y, Ding C, Shao L, Ҫetinkaya S, Kuzoian C, Hammarlund M, Verhey KJ, Yogev S. Neurexin and frizzled intercept axonal transport at microtubule minus ends to control synapse formation. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1802-1816.e4. [PMID: 35809561 PMCID: PMC9378695 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Synapse formation is locally determined by transmembrane proteins, yet synaptic material is synthesized remotely and undergoes processive transport in axons. How local synaptogenic signals intercept synaptic cargo in transport to promote its delivery and synapse formation is unknown. We found that the control of synaptic cargo delivery at microtubule (MT) minus ends mediates pro- and anti-synaptogenic activities of presynaptic neurexin and frizzled in C. elegans and identified the atypical kinesin VAB-8/KIF26 as a key molecule in this process. VAB-8/KIF26 levels at synaptic MT minus ends are controlled by frizzled and neurexin; loss of VAB-8 mimics neurexin mutants or frizzled hyperactivation, and its overexpression can rescue synapse loss in these backgrounds. VAB-8/KIF26 is required for the synaptic localization of other minus-end proteins and promotes the pausing of retrograde transport to allow delivery to synapses. Consistently, reducing retrograde transport rescues synapse loss in vab-8 and neurexin mutants. These results uncover a mechanistic link between synaptogenic signaling and axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Balseiro-Gómez
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Junhyun Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Selim Ҫetinkaya
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Caroline Kuzoian
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shaul Yogev
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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7
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Wang C, Qu K, Wang J, Qin R, Li B, Qiu J, Wang G. Biomechanical regulation of planar cell polarity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166495. [PMID: 35850177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the uneven distribution of certain cytoplasmic components in a cell with a spatial order. The planar cell polarity (PCP), the cell aligns perpendicular to the polar plane, in endothelial cells (ECs) has become a research hot spot. The planar polarity of ECs has a positive significance on the regulation of cardiovascular dysfunction, pathological angiogenesis, and ischemic stroke. The endothelial polarity is stimulated and regulated by biomechanical force. Mechanical stimuli promote endothelial polarization and make ECs produce PCP to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay and mechanism between PCP and ECs function involved in mechanical forces, with a focus on PCP signaling pathways and organelles in regulating the polarity of ECs. And then showed the related diseases caused by ECs polarity dysfunction. This study provides new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of endothelial PCP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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8
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Rubin S, Bougaran P, Martin S, Abelanet A, Delobel V, Pernot M, Jeanningros S, Bats ML, Combe C, Dufourcq P, Debette S, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. PHACTR-1 (Phosphatase and Actin Regulator 1) Deficiency in Either Endothelial or Smooth Muscle Cells Does Not Predispose Mice to Nonatherosclerotic Arteriopathies in 3 Transgenic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:597-609. [PMID: 35387477 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have revealed robust associations of common genetic polymorphisms in an intron of the PHACTR-1 (phosphatase and actin regulator 1) gene (chr6p24), with cervical artery dissection, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and fibromuscular dysplasia. The aim was to assess its role in the pathogenesis of cervical artery dissection or fibromuscular dysplasia. METHODS Using various tissue-specific Cre-driver mouse lines, Phactr1 was deleted either in endothelial cells using 2 tissue-specific Cre-driver (PDGFB [platelet-derived growth factor B]-CreERT2 mice and Tie2 [tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domains]-Cre) and smooth muscle cells (smooth muscle actin-CreERT2) with a third tissue-specific Cre-driver. RESULTS To test the efficacy of the Phactr1 deletion after cre-induction, we confirmed first, a decrease in Phactr1 transcription and Phactr1 expression in endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell isolated from Phactr1iPDGFB and Phactr1iSMA mice. Irrespective to the tissue or the duration of the deletion, mice did not spontaneously display pathological phenotype or vascular impairment: mouse survival, growth, blood pressure, large vessel morphology, or actin organization were not different in knockout mice than their comparatives littermates. Challenging vascular function and repair either by angiotensin II-induced hypertension or limb ischemia did not lead to vascular morphology or function impairment in Phactr1-deleted mice. Similarly, there were no more consequences of Phactr1 deletion during embryogenesis in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Loss of PHACTR-1 function in the cells involved in vascular physiology does not appear to induce a pathological vascular phenotype. The in vivo effect of the intronic variation described in genome-wide association studies is unlikely to involve downregulation in PHACTR-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rubin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses (S.R., C.C.), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Soizic Martin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Alice Abelanet
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Valentin Delobel
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Sylvie Jeanningros
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Marie-Lise Bats
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,Service de Biochimie (M.-L.B.), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Combe
- Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses (S.R., C.C.), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Unité INSERM 1026, Université de Bordeaux, France (C.C.)
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France (S.D.).,Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, France (S.D.)
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,Service des Maladies Cardiaques et Vasculaires, Hôpital Haut-Léveque CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (T.C.)
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
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9
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Gueniot F, Rubin S, Bougaran P, Abelanet A, Morel JL, Bontempi B, Proust C, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. Targeting Pdzrn3 maintains adult blood-brain barrier and central nervous system homeostasis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:613-629. [PMID: 34644209 PMCID: PMC9051145 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211048981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical component of the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment of vascular etiology (VCI) and associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in BBB maintenance, but there is limited data on its role in cognitive pathologies. The E3 ubiquitin ligase PDZRN3 is a regulator of the Wnt pathway. In a murine model of VCI, overexpressing Pdzrn3 in endothelial cell (EC) exacerbated BBB hyperpermeability and accelerated cognitive decline. We extended these observations, in both VCI and AD models, showing that EC-specific depletion of Pdzrn3, reinforced the BBB, with a decrease in vascular permeability and a subsequent spare in cognitive decline. We found that in cerebral vessels, Pdzrn3 depletion protects against AD-induced Wnt target gene alterations and enhances endothelial tight junctional proteins. Our results provide evidence that Wnt signaling could be a molecular link regulating BBB integrity and cognitive decline under VCI and AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gueniot
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sebastien Rubin
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Abelanet
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Carole Proust
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Biochimie clinique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France.,Service des Maladies cardiaques et vasculaires, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cecile Duplàa
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Bordeaux U1034, Bordeaux, France
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10
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KIF26B in the Prognosis and Immune Biomarking of Various Cancers: A Pan-Cancer Study. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4829697. [PMID: 35359341 PMCID: PMC8964195 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4829697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
KIF26B has been identified as an oncogene in several tumors; however, its utility as a prognostic indicator for various cancers has not yet been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we first examined how KIF26B intervenes in thirty-three cancers within the TCGA database, including potential immunological functions, and how it affects the prognosis. Based on the open databases TCGA, TIMER2, GEPIA2, GTEx, CPTAC, and HPA, we found that, when compared with normal tissues, KIF26B is overexpressed in 22 tumor tissues. Following a survival analysis, a relationship between the expression of KIF26B and the prognosis of various cancers was observed. Among the genetic alterations assessed, mutations were the most frequent. On the contrary, high phosphorylation levels of S977 were detected in breast cancer, KIRC, LUAD, and UCEC. We also found positive or negative correlations between KIF26B and the immune infiltration of endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. This could imply that patients may benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, KEGG pathways and GO enrichment analyses were implemented to identify the molecular mechanisms of KIF26B. This study illustrates the function of KIF26B from a pan-cancer perspective and offers a new horizon for cancer prognostic and immunotherapeutic investigations.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endothelial cell (EC) front-rear (axial) polarization in response to chemokines and shear stress is fundamental for angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo methods that are currently available to quantify EC axial polarity. RECENT FINDINGS Innovative methodologies and new animal models have been developed to evaluate EC axial polarity. Micropatterning, wound healing and microfluidic assays allow interrogation of signalling mechanisms in vitro. Mouse and zebrafish transgenic lines, in combination with advances in imaging techniques and computational tools, enable interrogation of physiological functions of EC axial polarity in vascular biology during development and in pathology in vivo. SUMMARY We present a literature-based review of the methods available to study EC polarity. Further refinement of quantitative methods to analyse EC axial polarity using deep learning-based computational tools will generate new understanding on the aetiology of vascular malformations.
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12
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Herrera-Rivero M, Stoll M, Hegenbarth JC, Rühle F, Limperger V, Junker R, Franke A, Hoffmann P, Shneyder M, Stach M, Nowak-Göttl U. Single- and Multimarker Genome-Wide Scans Evidence Novel Genetic Risk Modifiers for Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1169-1180. [PMID: 33592630 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have established several susceptibility genes for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and suggested many others. However, a large proportion of the genetic variance in VTE remains unexplained. Here, we report genome-wide single- and multimarker as well as gene-level associations with VTE in 964 cases and 899 healthy controls of European ancestry. We report 19 loci at the genome-wide level of association (p ≤ 5 × 10-8). Our results add to the strong support for the association of genetic variants in F5, NME7, ABO, and FGA with VTE, and identify several loci that have not been previously associated with VTE. Altogether, our novel findings suggest that 20 susceptibility genes for VTE were newly discovered by our study. These genes may impact the production and prothrombotic functions of platelets, endothelial cells, and white and red blood cells. Moreover, the majority of these genes have been previously associated with cardiovascular diseases and/or risk factors for VTE. Future studies are warranted to validate our findings and to investigate the shared genetic architecture with susceptibility factors for other cardiovascular diseases impacting VTE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Herrera-Rivero
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Limperger
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - André Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Life and Brain Research Centre, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Shneyder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Stach
- IT Service Centre, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Coagulation Center, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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13
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Konjikusic MJ, Gray RS, Wallingford JB. The developmental biology of kinesins. Dev Biol 2021; 469:26-36. [PMID: 32961118 PMCID: PMC10916746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins that are well known for their key roles in cell biological processes ranging from cell division, to intracellular transport of mRNAs, proteins, vesicles, and organelles, and microtubule disassembly. Interestingly, many of the ~45 distinct kinesin genes in vertebrate genomes have also been associated with specific phenotypes in embryonic development. In this review, we highlight the specific developmental roles of kinesins, link these to cellular roles reported in vitro, and highlight remaining gaps in our understanding of how this large and important family of proteins contributes to the development and morphogenesis of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J Konjikusic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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14
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Petrone P, Giordano G, Vezzoli E, Pensa A, Castaldo G, Graziano V, Sirano F, Capasso E, Quaremba G, Vona A, Miano MG, Savino S, Niola M. Preservation of neurons in an AD 79 vitrified human brain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240017. [PMID: 33022024 PMCID: PMC7537897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the ultrastructure of brain tissue in human archaeological remains is a rare event that can offer unique insights into the structure of the ancient central nervous system (CNS). Yet ancient brains reported in the literature show only poor preservation of neuronal structures. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and advanced image processing tools, we describe the direct visualization of neuronal tissue in vitrified brain and spinal cord remains which we discovered in a male victim of the AD 79 eruption in Herculaneum. We show exceptionally well preserved ancient neurons from different regions of the human CNS at unprecedented resolution. This tissue typically consists of organic matter, as detected using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. By means of a self-developed neural image processing network, we also show specific details of the neuronal nanomorphology, like the typical myelin periodicity evidenced in the brain axons. The perfect state of preservation of these structures is due to the unique process of vitrification which occurred at Herculaneum. The discovery of proteins whose genes are expressed in the different region of the human adult brain further agree with the neuronal origin of the unusual archaeological find. The conversion of human tissue into glass is the result of sudden exposure to scorching volcanic ash and the concomitant rapid drop in temperature. The eruptive-induced process of natural vitrification, locking the cellular structure of the CNS, allowed us to study possibly the best known example in archaeology of extraordinarily well-preserved human neuronal tissue from the brain and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Petrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pensa
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Graziano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Capasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quaremba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vona
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Miano
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Savino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Niola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Transcriptome analysis provides new molecular signatures in sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformation endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165956. [PMID: 32877751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are lesions affecting brain capillaries that appear with a mulberry-like morphology. This shape results from the enlarged and tangled microvessels having defective endothelial cell junctions, few surrounding pericytes and dense extracellular collagen-rich matrix. Three genes KRIT1, CCM2 and PDCD10 are linked to disease onset. However, a variable percentage of patients harbour no mutations at these loci, encouraging hypothesis of further genetic factors involved in CCM pathogenesis. Here we present data obtained by transcriptome analysis on endothelial cells isolated by CCM specimens, with the aim to identify dysregulated pathways involved in lesion onset. Lesions belonged to two patients carried neither germline nor somatic mutations at the three CCM genes. By comparison with Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) expression profile, we identified 1325 differentially expressed genes (Bonferroni pValue <0.05) common for the two samples. Functional enrichment analysis clustered these genes in 80 terms related to neuroinflammation, extra-cellular matrix remodelling, cell junction impairment, reactive oxygen species metabolism. In addition, CCM genes expression values resulted slightly altered in only one of the two CCM endothelial cell samples when compared to HBMECs, suggesting as further genetic factors can contribute to CCM development. Following expression analysis, we suggests that the molecular shift from canonical to non-canonical Wnt pathway might be a key event in CCM pathogenesis. Moreover, our results provide novel potential genetic targets to investigate for the development of more selective therapies.
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16
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Systems Genetics in Human Endothelial Cells Identifies Non-coding Variants Modifying Enhancers, Expression, and Complex Disease Traits. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:748-763. [PMID: 32442411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of causal variants and mechanisms underlying complex disease traits in humans is important for the progress of human disease genetics; this requires finding strategies to detect functional regulatory variants in disease-relevant cell types. To achieve this, we collected genetic and transcriptomic data from the aortic endothelial cells of up to 157 donors and four epigenomic phenotypes in up to 44 human donors representing individuals of both sexes and three major ancestries. We found thousands of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) at all ranges of effect sizes not detected by the Gene-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) in human tissues, showing that novel biological relationships unique to endothelial cells (ECs) are enriched in this dataset. Epigenetic profiling enabled discovery of over 3,000 regulatory elements whose activity is modulated by genetic variants that most frequently mutated ETS, AP-1, and NF-kB binding motifs, implicating these motifs as governors of EC regulation. Using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), allele-specific reporter assays, and chromatin conformation capture, we validated candidate enhancer variants located up to 750 kb from their target genes, VEGFC, FGD6, and KIF26B. Regulatory SNPs identified were enriched in coronary artery disease (CAD) loci, and this result has specific implications for PECAM-1, FES, and AXL. We also found significant roles for EC regulatory variants in modifying the traits pulse pressure, blood protein levels, and monocyte count. Lastly, we present two unlinked SNPs in the promoter of MFAP2 that exhibit pleiotropic effects on human disease traits. Together, this supports the possibility that genetic predisposition for complex disease is manifested through the endothelium.
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17
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Rauff A, LaBelle SA, Strobel HA, Hoying JB, Weiss JA. Imaging the Dynamic Interaction Between Sprouting Microvessels and the Extracellular Matrix. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1011. [PMID: 31507428 PMCID: PMC6713949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough understanding of growth and evolution of tissue vasculature is fundamental to many fields of medicine including cancer therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from existing ones, is dynamically influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including mechanical and biophysical factors, chemotactic factors, proteolysis, and interaction with stromal cells. Yet, dynamic interactions between neovessels and their environment are difficult to study with traditional fixed time imaging techniques. Advancements in imaging technologies permit time-series and volumetric imaging, affording the ability to visualize microvessel growth over 3D space and time. Time-lapse imaging has led to more informative investigations of angiogenesis. The environmental factors implicated in angiogenesis span a wide range of signals. Neovessels advance through stromal matrices by forming attachments and pulling and pushing on their microenvironment, reorganizing matrix fibers, and inducing large deformations of the surrounding stroma. Concurrently, neovessels secrete proteolytic enzymes to degrade their basement membrane, create space for new vessels to grow, and release matrix-bound cytokines. Growing neovessels also respond to a host of soluble and matrix-bound growth factors, and display preferential growth along a cytokine gradient. Lastly, stromal cells such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact directly with neovessels and their surrounding matrix to facilitate sprouting, vessel fusion, and tissue remodeling. This review highlights how time-lapse imaging techniques advanced our understanding of the interaction of blood vessels with their environment during sprouting angiogenesis. The technology provides means to characterize the evolution of microvessel behavior, providing new insights and holding great promise for further research on the process of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rauff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Steven A. LaBelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hannah A. Strobel
- Innovations Laboratory, Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - James B. Hoying
- Innovations Laboratory, Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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18
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Tulloch AJ, Teo S, Carvajal BV, Tessier-Lavigne M, Jaworski A. Diverse spinal commissural neuron populations revealed by fate mapping and molecular profiling using a novel Robo3 Cre mouse. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2948-2972. [PMID: 31152445 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The two sides of the nervous system coordinate and integrate information via commissural neurons, which project axons across the midline. Commissural neurons in the spinal cord are a highly heterogeneous population of cells with respect to their birthplace, final cell body position, axonal trajectory, and neurotransmitter phenotype. Although commissural axon guidance during development has been studied in great detail, neither the developmental origins nor the mature phenotypes of commissural neurons have been characterized comprehensively, largely due to lack of selective genetic access to these neurons. Here, we generated mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Robo3 locus specifically in commissural neurons. We used Robo3 Cre mice to characterize the transcriptome and various origins of developing commissural neurons, revealing new details about their extensive heterogeneity in molecular makeup and developmental lineage. Further, we followed the fate of commissural neurons into adulthood, thereby elucidating their settling positions and molecular diversity and providing evidence for possible functions in various spinal cord circuits. Our studies establish an important genetic entry point for further analyses of commissural neuron development, connectivity, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Tulloch
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shaun Teo
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | | | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander Jaworski
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
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19
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Planar cell polarity protein Dishevelled 3 (Dvl3) regulates ectoplasmic specialization (ES) dynamics in the testis through changes in cytoskeletal organization. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:194. [PMID: 30808893 PMCID: PMC6391420 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian testes, such as in rats, the directional alignment of polarized elongating/elongated spermatids, in particular step 17–19 spermatids, across the plane of seminiferous epithelium resembles planar cell polarity (PCP) found in hair cells of the cochlea. It is obvious that spermatid PCP is necessary to support the simultaneous development of maximal number of elongating/elongated spermatids to sustain the daily production of > 50 million sperm per adult rat. Studies have shown that the testis indeed expresses multiple PCP proteins necessary to support spermatid PCP. Herein, using physiological and biochemical assays, and morphological analysis, and with the technique of RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown PCP protein Dishevelled (Dvl) 1 (Dvl1), Dvl2, Dvl3, or Dvl1/2/3, Dvl proteins, in particular Dvl3, it was shown that Dvl3 played a crucial role of support Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier function through changes in the organization of actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons. More important, an in vivo knockdown of Dvl1/2/3 in the testis, defects of spermatid polarity were remarkably noted across the seminiferous epithelium, concomitant with defects of spermatid adhesion and spermatid transport, leading to considerably defects in spermatogenesis. More important, Dvl1/2/3 triple knockdown in the testis also impeded the organization of actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons owing to disruptive spatial expression of actin- and MT-regulatory proteins. In summary, PCP Dishevelled proteins, in particular, Dvl3 is a regulator of Sertoli cell blood–testis barrier (BTB) and also spermatid PCP function through its effects on the actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons in Sertoli cells.
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20
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Liang YJ, Yang WX. Kinesins in MAPK cascade: How kinesin motors are involved in the MAPK pathway? Gene 2019; 684:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Vendel KJA, Tschirpke S, Shamsi F, Dogterom M, Laan L. Minimal in vitro systems shed light on cell polarity. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/4/jcs217554. [PMID: 30700498 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity - the morphological and functional differentiation of cellular compartments in a directional manner - is required for processes such as orientation of cell division, directed cellular growth and motility. How the interplay of components within the complexity of a cell leads to cell polarity is still heavily debated. In this Review, we focus on one specific aspect of cell polarity: the non-uniform accumulation of proteins on the cell membrane. In cells, this is achieved through reaction-diffusion and/or cytoskeleton-based mechanisms. In reaction-diffusion systems, components are transformed into each other by chemical reactions and are moving through space by diffusion. In cytoskeleton-based processes, cellular components (i.e. proteins) are actively transported by microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments to specific locations in the cell. We examine how minimal systems - in vitro reconstitutions of a particular cellular function with a minimal number of components - are designed, how they contribute to our understanding of cell polarity (i.e. protein accumulation), and how they complement in vivo investigations. We start by discussing the Min protein system from Escherichia coli, which represents a reaction-diffusion system with a well-established minimal system. This is followed by a discussion of MT-based directed transport for cell polarity markers as an example of a cytoskeleton-based mechanism. To conclude, we discuss, as an example, the interplay of reaction-diffusion and cytoskeleton-based mechanisms during polarity establishment in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J A Vendel
- Bionanoscience Department, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Tschirpke
- Bionanoscience Department, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Fayezeh Shamsi
- Bionanoscience Department, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Marileen Dogterom
- Bionanoscience Department, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Liedewij Laan
- Bionanoscience Department, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
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22
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Abstract
Formin homology proteins (formins) are a highly conserved family of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins that are involved in a diverse array of cellular functions. Formins are best known for their ability to regulate actin dynamics, but the same functional domains also govern stability and organization of microtubules. It is thought that this dual activity allows them to coordinate the activity of these two major cytoskeletal networks and thereby influence cellular architecture. Golgi ribbon assembly is dependent upon cooperative interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic microtubules originating both at the Golgi itself and from the centrosome. Similarly, centrosome assembly, centriole duplication, and centrosome positioning are also reliant on a dialogue between both cytoskeletal networks. As presented in this chapter, a growing body of evidence suggests that multiple formin proteins play essential roles in these central cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Copeland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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23
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Wojcik MH, Okada K, Prabhu SP, Nowakowski DW, Ramsey K, Balak C, Rangasamy S, Brownstein CA, Schmitz-Abe K, Cohen JS, Fatemi A, Shi J, Grant EP, Narayanan V, Ho HYH, Agrawal PB. De novo variant in KIF26B is associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia with infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2623-2629. [PMID: 30151950 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
KIF26B is a member of the kinesin superfamily with evolutionarily conserved functions in controlling aspects of embryogenesis, including the development of the nervous system, though its function is incompletely understood. We describe an infant with progressive microcephaly, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and arthrogryposis secondary to the involvement of anterior horn cells and ventral (motor) nerves. We performed whole exome sequencing on the trio and identified a de novo KIF26B missense variant, p.Gly546Ser, in the proband. This variant alters a highly conserved amino acid residue that is part of the phosphate-binding loop motif and motor-like domain and is deemed pathogenic by several in silico methods. Functional analysis of the variant protein in cultured cells revealed a reduction in the KIF26B protein's ability to promote cell adhesion, a defect that potentially contributes to its pathogenicity. Overall, KIF26B may play a critical role in the brain development and, when mutated, cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia with arthrogryposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyoko Okada
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sampath Rangasamy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Catherine A Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ellen P Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomic Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yan T, Zhang A, Shi F, Chang F, Mei J, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Integrin αvβ3-associated DAAM1 is essential for collagen-induced invadopodia extension and cell haptotaxis in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10172-10185. [PMID: 29752407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The formin protein dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) polymerizes straight actin filaments and mediates migration of cancer cells. However, how DAAM1 governs cell haptotaxis in response to collagen remains unexplored in breast cancer cells. We hypothesized that DAAM1 mediates invadopodia extension and cell haptotaxis in response to type IV collagen in association with integrin receptors. Using Boyden chamber membranes coated with type IV collagen, we show here that type IV collagen activates both DAAM1 and Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) and promotes haptotaxis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells, a process abolished by treatment with the integrin αvβ3 inhibitor cyclo(-RGDfK). shRNA-mediated knockdown of DAAM1 or a dominant-negative DAAM1 mutation (N-DAAM1) significantly decreased collagen-induced RHOA activity and the assembly of stress fibers, invadopodia extension, and cell haptotaxis. Immunoprecipitation and pulldown assays revealed that integrin αvβ3 is associated with, but only indirectly binds to, the C-terminal DAD domain of DAAM1 in mammalian cells. Blockade of RHOA activation with a specific inhibitor (CCG-1423) or via a dominant-negative RHOA mutation (RHOA-N19) suppressed collagen-induced invadopodia extension and haptotaxis of the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays indicated high DAAM1 and RHOA expression in invadopodia, which was abolished by cyclo(-RGDfK) treatment or DAAM1 knockdown. These findings have uncovered an integrin αvβ3/DAAM1/RHOA signaling pathway for type IV collagen-induced invadopodia extension and haptotaxis in breast cancer cells. Targeting this pathway may be a means for reducing invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yan
- From the Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province
| | - Ailiang Zhang
- the Department of Spine Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China, and
| | - Fangfang Shi
- the Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | - Jie Mei
- the Department of Physiology, and
| | | | - Yichao Zhu
- the Department of Physiology, and .,the State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Karuna EP, Choi SS, Scales MK, Hum J, Cohen M, Fierro FA, Ho HYH. Identification of a WNT5A-Responsive Degradation Domain in the Kinesin Superfamily Protein KIF26B. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E196. [PMID: 29621187 PMCID: PMC5924538 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical WNT pathways function independently of the β-catenin transcriptional co-activator to regulate diverse morphogenetic and pathogenic processes. Recent studies showed that noncanonical WNTs, such as WNT5A, can signal the degradation of several downstream effectors, thereby modulating these effectors' cellular activities. The protein domain(s) that mediates the WNT5A-dependent degradation response, however, has not been identified. By coupling protein mutagenesis experiments with a flow cytometry-based degradation reporter assay, we have defined a protein domain in the kinesin superfamily protein KIF26B that is essential for WNT5A-dependent degradation. We found that a human disease-causing KIF26B mutation located at a conserved amino acid within this domain compromises the ability of WNT5A to induce KIF26B degradation. Using pharmacological perturbation, we further uncovered a role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in WNT5A regulation of KIF26B degradation. Lastly, based on the identification of the WNT5A-responsive domain, we developed a new reporter system that allows for efficient profiling of WNT5A-KIF26B signaling activity in both somatic and stem cells. In conclusion, our study identifies a new protein domain that mediates WNT5A-dependent degradation of KIF26B and provides a new tool for functional characterization of noncanonical WNT5A signaling in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith P Karuna
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Shannon S Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michael K Scales
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jennie Hum
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michael Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Fernando A Fierro
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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26
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Susman MW, Karuna EP, Kunz RC, Gujral TS, Cantú AV, Choi SS, Jong BY, Okada K, Scales MK, Hum J, Hu LS, Kirschner MW, Nishinakamura R, Yamada S, Laird DJ, Jao LE, Gygi SP, Greenberg ME, Ho HYH. Kinesin superfamily protein Kif26b links Wnt5a-Ror signaling to the control of cell and tissue behaviors in vertebrates. eLife 2017; 6:e26509. [PMID: 28885975 PMCID: PMC5590807 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a-Ror signaling constitutes a developmental pathway crucial for embryonic tissue morphogenesis, reproduction and adult tissue regeneration, yet the molecular mechanisms by which the Wnt5a-Ror pathway mediates these processes are largely unknown. Using a proteomic screen, we identify the kinesin superfamily protein Kif26b as a downstream target of the Wnt5a-Ror pathway. Wnt5a-Ror, through a process independent of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway, regulates the cellular stability of Kif26b by inducing its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Through this mechanism, Kif26b modulates the migratory behavior of cultured mesenchymal cells in a Wnt5a-dependent manner. Genetic perturbation of Kif26b function in vivo caused embryonic axis malformations and depletion of primordial germ cells in the developing gonad, two phenotypes characteristic of disrupted Wnt5a-Ror signaling. These findings indicate that Kif26b links Wnt5a-Ror signaling to the control of morphogenetic cell and tissue behaviors in vertebrates and reveal a new role for regulated proteolysis in noncanonical Wnt5a-Ror signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Susman
- Department of NeurobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Edith P Karuna
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Ryan C Kunz
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Division of Human BiologyFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Andrea V Cantú
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesCenter for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Shannon S Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Brigette Y Jong
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Kyoko Okada
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Michael K Scales
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Jennie Hum
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Linda S Hu
- Department of NeurobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney DevelopmentInstitute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisUnited States
| | - Diana J Laird
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesCenter for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Li-En Jao
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of NeurobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and Human AnatomyUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineDavisUnited States
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28
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Sewduth RN, Kovacic H, Jaspard-Vinassa B, Jecko V, Wavasseur T, Fritsch N, Pernot M, Jeaningros S, Roux E, Dufourcq P, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. PDZRN3 destabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions through a PKCζ-containing polarity complex to increase vascular permeability. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/464/eaag3209. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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