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Stone DJ, Macias-Contreras M, Crist SM, Bucag CFT, Seo G, Zhu L. SNAP-tagging live cells via chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7419-7436. [PMID: 37665276 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
SNAP-tag is a single-turnover enzyme that has become a powerful tool, hence a popular choice, of targeted cellular protein labeling. Three SNAP-tag substrates that carry the copper-chelating 2-picolyl azide moiety are prepared, one of which has an unconventional 5-pyridylmethyl-substituted guanine structure, rather than the usual benzylguanine that is optimized to be accepted by SNAP-tag. All three substrates are effective in transferring a 2-picolyl azide moiety to SNAP-tag in live cells under conventional labeling conditions (30-minute incubation of cells with labeling reagents at 37 °C under 5% CO2). Live cells that are decorated with chelating azido groups on the extracellular side of membranes undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with an ethynyl-functionalized fluorophore to accomplish membrane protein labeling by a fluorescent dye. The chelation-assisted CuAAC labeling step is rapid (<1 minute) with a relatively low dose of the copper catalyst (20 μM), and consequently exerts no ill effect on the labeled cells. A SNAP-tag substrate that carries a non-chelating azide moiety, on the other hand, fails to produce satisfactory labeling under the same constraints. The rapid, live cell-compatible SNAP-tag/chelation-assisted CuAAC two-step method expands the utility of SNAP-tag in protein labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Miguel Macias-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Shaun M Crist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Christelle F T Bucag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Gwimoon Seo
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 91 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
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2
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Levic DS, Bagnat M. Polarized transport of membrane and secreted proteins during lumen morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:65-73. [PMID: 35307284 PMCID: PMC9481742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A ubiquitous feature of animal development is the formation of fluid-filled cavities or lumina, which transport gases and fluids across tissues and organs. Among different species, lumina vary drastically in size, scale, and complexity. However, all lumen formation processes share key morphogenetic principles that underly their development. Fundamentally, a lumen simply consists of epithelial cells that encapsulate a continuous internal space, and a common way of building a lumen is via opening and enlarging by filling it with fluid and/or macromolecules. Here, we discuss how polarized targeting of membrane and secreted proteins regulates lumen formation, mainly focusing on ion transporters in vertebrate model systems. We also discuss mechanistic differences observed among invertebrates and vertebrates and describe how the unique properties of the Na+/K+-ATPase and junctional proteins can promote polarization of immature epithelia to build lumina de novo in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Levic
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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3
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Nie ZW, Niu YJ, Zhou W, Zhou DJ, Kim JY, Cui XS. AGS3-dependent trans-Golgi network membrane trafficking is essential for compaction in mouse embryos. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.243238. [PMID: 33148610 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, also known as GPSM1) regulates the trans-Golgi network. The AGS3 GoLoco motif binds to Gαi and thereby regulates the transport of proteins to the plasma membrane. Compaction of early embryos is based on the accumulation of E-cadherin (Cdh1) at cell-contacted membranes. However, how AGS3 regulates the transport of Cdh1 to the plasma membrane remains undetermined. To investigate this, AGS3 was knocked out using the Cas9-sgRNA system. Both trans-Golgi network protein 46 (TGN46, also known as TGOLN2) and transmembrane p24-trafficking protein 7 (TMED7) were tracked in early mouse embryos by tagging these proteins with a fluorescent protein label. We observed that the majority of the AGS3-edited embryos were developmentally arrested and were fragmented after the four-cell stage, exhibiting decreased accumulation of Cdh1 at the membrane. The trans-Golgi network and TMED7-positive vesicles were also dispersed and were not polarized near the membrane. Additionally, increased Gαi1 (encoded by GNAI1) expression could rescue AGS3-overexpressed embryos. In conclusion, AGS3 reinforces the dynamics of the trans-Golgi network and the transport of TMED7-positive cargo containing Cdh1 to the cell-contact surface during early mouse embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Nie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Jie Niu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jie Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Macias-Contreras M, He H, Little KN, Lee JP, Campbell RP, Royzen M, Zhu L. SNAP/CLIP-Tags and Strain-Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (SPAAC)/Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) for Intracellular Orthogonal/Bioorthogonal Labeling. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1370-1381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Macias-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Huan He
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4300, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380, United States
| | - Kevin N. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin P. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Ryan P. Campbell
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4380, United States
| | - Maksim Royzen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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5
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Hilgemann DW, Lin MJ, Fine M, Deisl C. On the existence of endocytosis driven by membrane phase separations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183007. [PMID: 31202864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Large endocytic responses can occur rapidly in diverse cell types without dynamins, clathrin, or actin remodeling. Our experiments suggest that membrane phase separations are crucial with more ordered plasma membrane domains being internalized. Not only do these endocytic processes rely on coalescence of membrane domains, they are promoted by participation of membrane proteins in such domains, one important regulatory influence being palmitoylation. Membrane actin cytoskeleton in general resists membrane phase transitions, and its remodeling may play many roles. Besides membrane 'caging' and 'pinching' roles, typically ascribed to clathrin and dynamins, cytoskeleton remodeling may modify local membrane tension and buckling, as well as the presence and location of actin- and tension-free membrane patches. Endocytosis that depends on membrane phase separations becomes activated in metabolic stress and in response to Ca and PI3 kinase signaling. Internalized membrane traffics normally, and the secretory pathway eventually resupplies membrane to the plasmalemma or directs internalized membrane to other locations, including the extracellular space as exosomes. We describe here that endocytosis driven by membrane phase transitions is regulated by the same signaling mechanisms that regulate macropinocytosis, and it may play diverse roles in cells from nutrient assimilation to membrane recycling, cell migration, and the initiation of quiescent or hibernating cell states. Membrane ordering and phase separations have been shown to promote endocytosis in diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, myocytes, glial cells, and immune cells. We propose that clathrin/dynamin-independent endocytosis represents a continuum of related mechanisms with variable but universal dependence on membrane ordering and actin remodeling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular biophysics of membranes and membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Hilgemann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA.
| | - Mei-Jung Lin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA
| | - Michael Fine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA
| | - Christine Deisl
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9040, USA
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6
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Jaykumar AB, Caceres PS, Ortiz PA. Single-molecule labeling for studying trafficking of renal transporters. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1243-F1249. [PMID: 30043625 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00082.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and track single molecules presents the advantage of visualizing the complex behavior of transmembrane proteins with a time and space resolution that would otherwise be lost with traditional labeling and biochemical techniques. Development of new imaging probes has provided a robust method to study their trafficking and surface dynamics. This mini-review focuses on the current technology available for single-molecule labeling of transmembrane proteins, their advantages, and limitations. We also discuss the application of these techniques to the study of renal transporter trafficking in light of recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bachhawat Jaykumar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Paulo S Caceres
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
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7
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Gilder AL, Chapin HC, Padovano V, Hueschen CL, Rajendran V, Caplan MJ. Newly synthesized polycystin-1 takes different trafficking pathways to the apical and ciliary membranes. Traffic 2018; 19:933-945. [PMID: 30125442 PMCID: PMC6237641 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin 2 (PC2) cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. These transmembrane proteins colocalize in the primary cilia of renal epithelial cells, where they may participate in sensory processes. PC1 is also found in the apical membrane when expressed in cultured epithelial cells. PC1 undergoes autocatalytic cleavage, producing an extracellular N-terminal fragment that remains noncovalently attached to the transmembrane C-terminus. Exposing cells to alkaline solutions elutes the N-terminal fragment while the C-terminal fragment is retained in the cell membrane. Utilizing this observation, we developed a "strip-recovery" synchronization protocol to study PC1 trafficking in polarized LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Following alkaline strip, a new cohort of PC1 repopulates the cilia within 30 minutes, while apical delivery of PC1 was not detectable until 3 hours. Brefeldin A (BFA) blocked apical PC1 delivery, while ciliary delivery of PC1 was BFA insensitive. Incubating cells at 20°C to block trafficking out of the trans-Golgi network also inhibits apical but not ciliary delivery. These results suggest that newly synthesized PC1 takes distinct pathways to the ciliary and apical membranes. Ciliary PC1 appears to by-pass BFA sensitive Golgi compartments, while apical delivery of PC1 traverses these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Gilder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hannah C Chapin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Valeria Padovano
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christina L Hueschen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vanathy Rajendran
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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8
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Bourke AM, Bowen AB, Kennedy MJ. New approaches for solving old problems in neuronal protein trafficking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:48-66. [PMID: 29649542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental cellular properties are determined by the repertoire and abundance of proteins displayed on the cell surface. As such, the trafficking mechanisms for establishing and maintaining the surface proteome must be tightly regulated for cells to respond appropriately to extracellular cues, yet plastic enough to adapt to ever-changing environments. Not only are the identity and abundance of surface proteins critical, but in many cases, their regulated spatial positioning within surface nanodomains can greatly impact their function. In the context of neuronal cell biology, surface levels and positioning of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors play essential roles in establishing important properties, including cellular excitability and synaptic strength. Here we review our current understanding of the trafficking pathways that control the abundance and localization of proteins important for synaptic function and plasticity, as well as recent technological advances that are allowing the field to investigate protein trafficking with increasing spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron B Bowen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
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9
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Gilbert CE, Sztul E, Machamer CE. Commonly used trafficking blocks disrupt ARF1 activation and the localization and function of specific Golgi proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:937-947. [PMID: 29467256 PMCID: PMC5896932 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-11-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold temperature blocks used to synchronize protein trafficking inhibit GBF1 function, leading to a decrease in ARF1-GTP levels and mislocalization of the ARF1 effector golgin-160. Several other, but not all, Golgi proteins including ARL1 also mislocalize. ARF1 activity and golgin-160 localization require more than 30 min to recover from these blocks. ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) proteins are key regulators of the secretory pathway. ARF1, through interacting with its effectors, regulates protein trafficking by facilitating numerous events at the Golgi. One unique ARF1 effector is golgin-160, which promotes the trafficking of only a specific subset of cargo proteins through the Golgi. While studying this role of golgin-160, we discovered that commonly used cold temperature blocks utilized to synchronize cargo trafficking (20 and 16°C) caused golgin-160 dispersal from Golgi membranes. Here, we show that the loss of golgin-160 localization correlates with a decrease in the levels of activated ARF1, and that golgin-160 dispersal can be prevented by expression of a GTP-locked ARF1 mutant. Overexpression of the ARF1 activator Golgi brefeldin A–resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GBF1) did not prevent golgin-160 dispersal, suggesting that GBF1 may be nonfunctional at lower temperatures. We further discovered that several other Golgi resident proteins had altered localization at lower temperatures, including proteins recruited by ARF-like GTPase 1 (ARL1), a small GTPase that also became dispersed in the cold. Although cold temperature blocks are useful for synchronizing cargo trafficking through the Golgi, our data indicate that caution must be taken when interpreting results from these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Gilbert
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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10
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Matlin KS, Caplan MJ. The secretory pathway at 50: a golden anniversary for some momentous grains of silver. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:229-232. [PMID: 28082520 PMCID: PMC5231891 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretory pathway along which newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins traffic through the cell was revealed in two articles published 50 years ago. This discovery was the culmination of decades of effort to unite the power of biochemical and morphological methodologies in order to elucidate the dynamic nature of the cell's biosynthetic machinery. The secretory pathway remains a central paradigm of modern cell biology. Its elucidation 50 years ago inspired tremendous multidisciplinary and on-going efforts to understand the machinery that makes it run, the adaptations that permit it to serve the needs of specialized cell types, and the pathological consequences that arise when it is perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl S Matlin
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8026
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