1
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Geiser A, Foylan S, Tinning PW, Bryant NJ, Gould GW. GLUT4 dispersal at the plasma membrane of adipocytes: a super-resolved journey. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230946. [PMID: 37791639 PMCID: PMC10600063 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In adipose tissue, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by mediating the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. In 2010, insulin was revealed to also have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of GLUT4 within the plasma membrane, with the existence of two GLUT4 populations at the plasma membrane being defined: (1) as stationary clusters and (2) as diffusible monomers. In this model, in the absence of insulin, plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 are found to behave as clusters. These clusters are thought to arise from exocytic events that retain GLUT4 at their fusion sites; this has been proposed to function as an intermediate hub between GLUT4 exocytosis and re-internalisation. By contrast, insulin stimulation induces the dispersal of GLUT4 clusters into monomers and favours a distinct type of GLUT4-vesicle fusion event, known as fusion-with-release exocytosis. Here, we review how super-resolution microscopy approaches have allowed investigation of the characteristics of plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 and further discuss regulatory step(s) involved in the GLUT4 dispersal machinery, introducing the scaffold protein EFR3 which facilitates localisation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KIIIα) to the cell surface. We consider how dispersal may be linked to the control of transporter activity, consider whether macro-organisation may be a widely used phenomenon to control proteins within the plasma membrane, and speculate on the origin of different forms of GLUT4-vesicle exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Geiser
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Shannan Foylan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Peter W Tinning
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Nia J Bryant
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, U.K
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K
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2
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Wang L, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Meng L, Liu H, Wang K, Chen J, Li P, Yang H. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate depletion by statins compromises skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2697-2711. [PMID: 35961942 PMCID: PMC9745480 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs but have been shown to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the diabetogenic effect of statins are still not fully understood. METHODS The effects of geranylgeranyl transferase I and II (GGTase I and II) inhibition on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation, and the dependence of these effects on insulin signalling were investigated in skeletal muscle cells. The protective effects of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and its precursor geranylgeraniol (GGOH) on simvastatin-induced insulin resistance were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effect of GGTase II inhibition in skeletal muscle on insulin sensitivity in vivo was confirmed by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated knockdown of the specific subunit of GGTase II, RABGGTA. The regulatory mechanisms of GGTase I on insulin signalling and GGTase II on insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation were investigated by knockdown of RhoA, TAZ, IRS1, geranylgeranylation site mutation of RhoA, RAB8A, and RAB13. RESULTS Both inhibition of GGTase I and II mimicked simvastatin-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. GGPP and GGOH were able to prevent simvastatin-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo. GGTase I inhibition suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) (-51.3%, P < 0.01), while GGTase II inhibition had no effect on it. AAV9-mediated knockdown of RABGGTA in skeletal muscle impaired glucose disposal without disrupting insulin signalling in vivo (-46.2% for gastrocnemius glucose uptake, P < 0.001; -52.5% for tibialis anterior glucose uptake, P < 0.001; -17.8% for soleus glucose uptake, P < 0.05; -31.4% for extensor digitorum longus glucose uptake, P < 0.01). Inhibition of RhoA, TAZ, IRS1, or geranylgeranylation deficiency of RhoA attenuated the beneficial effect of GGPP on insulin signalling in skeletal muscle cells. Geranylgeranylation deficiency of RAB8A inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and concomitant glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells (-42.8% for GLUT4 translocation, P < 0.01; -50.6% for glucose uptake, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate regulates glucose uptake via GGTase I-mediated insulin signalling-dependent way and GGTase II-mediated insulin signalling-independent way in skeletal muscle. Supplementation of GGPP/GGOH could be a potential therapeutic strategy for statin-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuguo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingchang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Wen P, Wang H, Li Y, Sui X, Hou Z, Guo X, Xue W, Liu D, Wang Y, Gao J. MICALL2 as a substrate of ubiquitinase TRIM21 regulates tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:170. [DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Molecule interacting with CasL-like protein 2 (MICALL2) is believed to regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, tight junction formation, and neurite outgrowth. However, its biological role and the underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely elusive.
Methods
qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays were used to detect the expression levels of different genes. Next, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the interactions of proteins. Furthermore, MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assays and xenograft tumor models were performed to demonstrate the functions of MICALL2 in CRC. In addition, transcriptome sequencing and Western blotting were conducted to verify the mechanism of MICALL2 in CRC.
Results
We found that both mRNA and protein levels of MICALL2 are up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with non-tumor tissues and that its overexpression is closely correlated with poor prognosis. Ubiquitin E3 ligase Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) mediated MICALL2 ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation, negatively correlated with MICALL2 levels, and reversely regulated the tumorigenic activity of MICALL2 in CRC. Functional studies confirmed that MICALL2 promoted colorectal cancer cell growth and migration via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Conclusions
As a substrate of ubiquitinase TRIM21, MICALL2 enhances the growth and migration of colorectal cancer cells and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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4
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Yang Y, Ye F, Xia T, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Du J. High MICAL-L2 expression and its role in the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:487. [PMID: 35501725 PMCID: PMC9063352 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MICAL-like protein 2 (MICAL-L2), a member of the molecules interacting with CasL (MICAL) family of proteins, is strongly associated with the malignancy of multiple types of cancer. However, the role of MICAL-L2 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has not been well characterized. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the role of MICAL-L2 in COAD using datasets available from public databases. The mRNA and protein expression of MICAL-L2 was investigated using TCGA, UALCAN, and independent immunohistochemical assays. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of COAD patients were assessed based on the MICAL-L2 expression level using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis was employed to determine whether MICAL-L2 could serve as an independent prognostic indicator of OS. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were further utilized to explore the possible cellular mechanism underlying the role of MICAL-L2 in COAD. In addition, the correlation between MICAL-L2 expression and immune cell infiltration levels was investigated via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). RESULTS Data from TCGA, HPA, and UALCAN datasets indicated that MICAL-L2 expression was significantly higher in COAD tissue than in adjacent normal tissues, and this was confirmed by immunohistochemical assays. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with MICAL-L2 had shorter OS and DSS. Furthermore, multivariate Cox analysis indicated that MICAL-L2 was an independent risk factor for OS in COAD patients. ROC analysis confirmed the diagnostic value of MICAL-L2, and a prognostic nomogram involving age, M stage, and MICAL-L2 expression was constructed for OS. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that transport-related activity was closely associated with the role of MICAL-L2 in COAD. Regarding immune infiltration levels, MICAL-L2 was found to be positively associated with CD56bright NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that MICAL-L2 is a promising biomarker for determining prognosis and correlated with immune infiltration levels in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwen Ye
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tianxiang Xia
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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5
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Fazakerley DJ, Koumanov F, Holman GD. GLUT4 On the move. Biochem J 2022; 479:445-462. [PMID: 35147164 PMCID: PMC8883492 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin rapidly stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport in fat and muscle cells. Signals from the occupied insulin receptor are translated into downstream signalling changes in serine/threonine kinases within timescales of seconds, and this is followed by delivery and accumulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Kinetic studies have led to realisation that there are distinct phases of this stimulation by insulin. There is a rapid initial burst of GLUT4 delivered to the cell surface from a subcellular reservoir compartment and this is followed by a steady-state level of continuing stimulation in which GLUT4 recycles through a large itinerary of subcellular locations. Here, we provide an overview of the phases of insulin stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and the molecules that are currently considered to activate these trafficking steps. Furthermore, we suggest how use of new experimental approaches together with phospho-proteomic data may help to further identify mechanisms for activation of these trafficking processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Francoise Koumanov
- Department for Health, Centre for Nutrition, Exercise, and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Geoffrey D Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, U.K
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6
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Bogan JS. Ubiquitin-like processing of TUG proteins as a mechanism to regulate glucose uptake and energy metabolism in fat and muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1019405. [PMID: 36246906 PMCID: PMC9556833 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1019405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to insulin stimulation, fat and muscle cells mobilize GLUT4 glucose transporters to the cell surface to enhance glucose uptake. Ubiquitin-like processing of TUG (Aspscr1, UBXD9) proteins is a central mechanism to regulate this process. Here, recent advances in this area are reviewed. The data support a model in which intact TUG traps insulin-responsive "GLUT4 storage vesicles" at the Golgi matrix by binding vesicle cargoes with its N-terminus and matrix proteins with its C-terminus. Insulin stimulation liberates these vesicles by triggering endoproteolytic cleavage of TUG, mediated by the Usp25m protease. Cleavage occurs in fat and muscle cells, but not in fibroblasts or other cell types. Proteolytic processing of intact TUG generates TUGUL, a ubiquitin-like protein modifier, as the N-terminal cleavage product. In adipocytes, TUGUL modifies a single protein, the KIF5B kinesin motor, which carries GLUT4 and other vesicle cargoes to the cell surface. In muscle, this or another motor may be modified. After cleavage of intact TUG, the TUG C-terminal product is extracted from the Golgi matrix by the p97 (VCP) ATPase. In both muscle and fat, this cleavage product enters the nucleus, binds PPARγ and PGC-1α, and regulates gene expression to promote fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis. The stability of the TUG C-terminal product is regulated by an Ate1 arginyltransferase-dependent N-degron pathway, which may create a feedback mechanism to control oxidative metabolism. Although it is now clear that TUG processing coordinates glucose uptake with other aspects of physiology and metabolism, many questions remain about how this pathway is regulated and how it is altered in metabolic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Bogan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan S. Bogan,
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7
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Rao XS, Cong XX, Gao XK, Shi YP, Shi LJ, Wang JF, Ni CY, He MJ, Xu Y, Yi C, Meng ZX, Liu J, Lin P, Zheng LL, Zhou YT. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17 to promote Rab5-dependent glucose uptake. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3214-3234. [PMID: 34045668 PMCID: PMC8630067 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whilst exercise stimulated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important energy sensor, has been highlighted for its potential to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the underlying mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. Here we found that AMPK positively regulates the activation of Rab5, a small GTPase which is involved in regulating Glut4 translocation, in both myoblasts and skeletal muscles. We further verified that TBC1D17, identified as a potential interacting partner of Rab5 in our recent study, is a novel GTPase activating protein (GAP) of Rab5. TBC1D17-Rab5 axis regulates transport of Glut1, Glut4, and transferrin receptor. TBC1D17 interacts with Rab5 or AMPK via its TBC domain or N-terminal 1-306 region (N-Ter), respectively. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylates the Ser 168 residue of TBC1D17 which matches the predicted AMPK consensus motif. N-Ter of TBC1D17 acts as an inhibitory region by directly interacting with the TBC domain. Ser168 phosphorylation promotes intra-molecular interaction and therefore enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17. Our findings reveal that TBC1D17 acts as a molecular bridge that links AMPK and Rab5 and delineate a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the activation of TBC/RabGAP is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng Rao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xia Cong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Kui Gao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Pu Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jing Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yao Ni
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ming Jie He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Lavilla CJ, Billacura MP, Hanna K, Boocock DJ, Coveney C, Miles AK, Foulds GA, Murphy A, Tan A, Jackisch L, Sayers SR, Caton PW, Doig CL, McTernan PG, Colombo SL, Sale C, Turner MD. Carnosine protects stimulus-secretion coupling through prevention of protein carbonyl adduction events in cells under metabolic stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:65-79. [PMID: 34455039 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by failure to control glucose homeostasis, with numerous diabetic complications attributable to the resulting exposure of cells and tissues to chronic elevated concentrations of glucose and fatty acids. This, in part, results from formation of advanced glycation and advanced lipidation end-products that are able to modify protein, lipid, or DNA structure, and disrupt normal cellular function. Herein we used mass spectrometry to identify proteins modified by two such adduction events in serum of individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes, along with similar analyses of human and mouse skeletal muscle cells and mouse pancreatic islets exposed to glucolipotoxic stress. We also report that carnosine, a histidine containing dipeptide, prevented 65-90% of 4-hydroxynonenal and 3-nitrotyrosine adduction events, and that this in turn preserved mitochondrial function and protected stimulus-secretion coupling in cells exposed to metabolic stress. Carnosine therefore offers significant therapeutic potential against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Jr Lavilla
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Merell P Billacura
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Katie Hanna
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Clare Coveney
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Amanda K Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Alice Murphy
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Arnold Tan
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Laura Jackisch
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie R Sayers
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Craig L Doig
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sergio L Colombo
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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9
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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10
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Abstract
As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle contraction or exercise with increased sensitivity to subsequent insulin stimulation. Insulin's dominating control of glucose metabolism is orchestrated by complex and highly regulated signaling cascades that elicit diverse and unique effects on skeletal muscle. We discuss the discoveries that have led to our current understanding of how insulin promotes glucose uptake in muscle. We also touch upon insulin access to muscle, and insulin signaling toward glycogen, lipid, and protein metabolism. We draw from human and rodent studies in vivo, isolated muscle preparations, and muscle cell cultures to home in on the molecular, biophysical, and structural elements mediating these responses. Finally, we offer some perspective on molecular defects that potentially underlie the failure of muscle to take up glucose efficiently during obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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11
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Lucken-Ardjomande Häsler S, Vallis Y, Pasche M, McMahon HT. GRAF2, WDR44, and MICAL1 mediate Rab8/10/11-dependent export of E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151714. [PMID: 32344433 PMCID: PMC7199855 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical pathway of secretion, some transmembrane proteins reach the plasma membrane through alternative routes. Several proteins transit through endosomes and are exported in a Rab8-, Rab10-, and/or Rab11-dependent manner. GRAFs are membrane-binding proteins associated with tubules and vesicles. We found extensive colocalization of GRAF1b/2 with Rab8a/b and partial with Rab10. We identified MICAL1 and WDR44 as direct GRAF-binding partners. MICAL1 links GRAF1b/2 to Rab8a/b and Rab10, and WDR44 binds Rab11. Endogenous WDR44 labels a subset of tubular endosomes, which are closely aligned with the ER via binding to VAPA/B. With its BAR domain, GRAF2 can tubulate membranes, and in its absence WDR44 tubules are not observed. We show that GRAF2 and WDR44 are essential for the export of neosynthesized E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508, three proteins whose exocytosis is sensitive to ER stress. Overexpression of dominant negative mutants of GRAF1/2, WDR44, and MICAL1 also interferes with it, facilitating future studies of Rab8/10/11-dependent exocytic pathways of central importance in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Vallis
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathias Pasche
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey T McMahon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Saito D, Imai M, Yamada C, Takahashi N. Changes in the levels of α-actinin-4 in differentiating human myeloid leukemia cells induced by retinoic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118968. [PMID: 33454316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) induces granulocytic differentiation and inhibits the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. α-Actinin-4 is a member of the α-actinin family, which exhibits unique mechanosensory regulation. Herein, we elucidated the effects of RA on α-actinin-4 expression during cell differentiation. RA increased the levels of α-actinin-4 protein significantly, while mRNA expression remained unchanged. In addition, RA treatment altered the intracellular localization of α-actinin-4 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Cells pretreated with RA, maintained α-actinin-4 protein levels after cycloheximide treatment as compared with control cells. The amount of ubiquitylated α-actinin-4 protein in RA-treated cells was less than in control cells. These results indicate that RA may inhibit nuclei transport and proteasomal degradation of α-actinin-4 protein. α-Actinin-4 may play a significant role in RA-induced differentiation, including the promotion of cytomorphology changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Saito
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Chiho Yamada
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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13
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Min P, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qi C, Song Y, Bibi M, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhao X, Yu M, Du J. MICAL-L2 Is Essential for c-Myc Deubiquitination and Stability in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:575903. [PMID: 33520979 PMCID: PMC7841116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.575903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: MICAL-L2, a member of the molecules interacting with the CasL (MICAL) family, was reported to be highly expressed in several types of cancers, however, the roles of MICAL-L2 in NSCLC pathogenesis remain to be explored. This study is designed to clarify the mechanisms by which MICAL-L2 participates in NSCLC cell proliferation. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of MICAL-L2 in human lung cancer samples were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Cells were transfected with siRNA or plasmids to regulate MICAL-L2 expression. Cell proliferation was measured by EdU staining and CCK-8 assays. MICAL-L2 and phosphorylated/total c-Myc expression were examined by Western blotting analysis. Interaction between MICAL-L2 and c-Myc was assessed by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Western blotting, polyubiquitylation detection and protein stability assays were used to assess whether MICAL-L2 exerts its oncogenic effect via c-Myc. Results: We found that MICAL-L2 was highly expressed in human NSCLC. While overexpressing MICAL-L2 increased NSCLC cell proliferation, MICAL-L2 depletion decreased the proliferation of NSCLC cells, an effect that was linked to cell cycle arrest. MICAL-L2 physically interacted with the c-Myc protein and functioned to maintain nuclear c-Myc levels and prolonged its half-life. Knockdown of MICAL-L2 expression led to decreased c-Myc protein stability through accelerating polyubiquitylation of c-Myc and gave rise to c-Myc degradation. We further found that MICAL-L2 deubiquitinated c-Myc and blocked its degradation, presumably by inhibiting c-Myc phosphorylation at threonine residue 58. Conclusions: These results indicate that MICAL-L2 is a key regulator of c-Myc deubiquitination and stability in the nucleus, and this activity may be involved in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxiang Qi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maria Bibi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Masson SWC, Sorrenson B, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. β-catenin regulates muscle glucose transport via actin remodelling and M-cadherin binding. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101091. [PMID: 33011305 PMCID: PMC7568189 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Skeletal muscle glucose disposal following a meal is mediated through insulin-stimulated movement of the GLUT4-containing vesicles to the cell surface. The highly conserved scaffold-protein β-catenin is an emerging regulator of vesicle trafficking in other tissues. Here, we investigated the involvement of β-catenin in skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Methods Glucose homeostasis and transport was investigated in inducible muscle specific β-catenin knockout (BCAT-mKO) mice. The effect of β-catenin deletion and mutation of β-catenin serine 552 on signal transduction, glucose uptake and protein–protein interactions were determined in L6-G4-myc cells, and β-catenin insulin-responsive binding partners were identified via immunoprecipitation coupled to label-free proteomics. Results Skeletal muscle specific deletion of β-catenin impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into muscle independent of canonical Wnt signalling. In response to insulin, β-catenin was phosphorylated at serine 552 in an Akt-dependent manner, and in L6-G4-myc cells, mutation of β-cateninS552 impaired insulin-induced actin-polymerisation, resulting in attenuated insulin-induced glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation. β-catenin was found to interact with M-cadherin in an insulin-dependent β-cateninS552-phosphorylation dependent manner, and loss of M-cadherin in L6-G4-myc cells attenuated insulin-induced actin-polymerisation and glucose transport. Conclusions Our data suggest that β-catenin is a novel mediator of glucose transport in skeletal muscle and may contribute to insulin-induced actin-cytoskeleton remodelling to support GLUT4 translocation. Deletion of β-catenin from the muscles of adult mice attenuates skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Insulin stimulates phosphorylation of β-cateninS552 by a mechanism involving Akt, and this is required for insulin's effects on both GLUT4 trafficking and actin remodelling. Insulin promotes β-catenin/M-cadherin binding, to support cortical actin remodelling associated with GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart W C Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brie Sorrenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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15
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Richter V, Lanzerstorfer P, Weghuber J, Schneckenburger H. Super-Resolution Live Cell Microscopy of Membrane-Proximal Fluorophores. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7099. [PMID: 32993061 PMCID: PMC7582769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a simple and robust experimental setup for the super-resolution live cell microscopy of membrane-proximal fluorophores, which is comparably easy to perform and to implement. The method is based on Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) with a switchable spatial light modulator (SLM) and exchangeable objective lenses for epi-illumination and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. While, in the case of SIM (upon epi-illumination), cell layers of about 1-2 µm in close proximity to the plasma membrane can be selected by software, layers in the 100 nm range are assessed experimentally by TIRF-SIM. To show the applicability of this approach, both methods are used to measure the translocation of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane upon stimulation by insulin or insulin-mimetic compounds, with a lateral resolution of around 100 nm and an axial resolution of around 200 nm. While SIM is an appropriate method to visualize the intracellular localization of GLUT4 fused with a green fluorescent protein, TIRF-SIM permits the quantitative evaluation of its fluorescence in the plasma membrane. These imaging methods are discussed in the context of fluorescence lifetime kinetics, providing additional data for the molecular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Richter
- Institute of Applied Research, Aalen University, 373430 Aalen, Germany;
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria; (P.L.); (J.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria; (P.L.); (J.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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16
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Mert S, Bulutoglu B, Chu C, Dylewski M, Lin FM, Yu YM, Yarmush ML, Sheridan RL, Uygun K. Multiorgan Metabolomics and Lipidomics Provide New Insights Into Fat Infiltration in the Liver, Muscle Wasting, and Liver-Muscle Crosstalk Following Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:269-287. [PMID: 32877506 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury mediated hypermetabolic syndrome leads to increased mortality among severe burn victims, due to liver failure and muscle wasting. Metabolic changes may persist up to 2 years following the injury. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms of the pathology is crucially important to develop appropriate therapeutic approaches. We present detailed metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of the liver and muscle tissues in a rat model with a 30% body surface area burn injury located at the dorsal skin. Three hundred and thirty-eight of 1587 detected metabolites and lipids in the liver and 119 of 1504 in the muscle tissue exhibited statistically significant alterations. We observed excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols, decreased levels of S-adenosylmethionine, increased levels of glutamine and xenobiotics in the liver tissue. Additionally, the levels of gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites are generally decreased in the liver. On the other hand, burn injury muscle tissue exhibits increased levels of acyl-carnitines, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate, ophthalmate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione. The results of this preliminary study provide compelling observations that liver and muscle tissues undergo distinctly different changes during hypermetabolism, possibly reflecting liver-muscle crosstalk. The liver and muscle tissues might be exacerbating each other's metabolic pathologies, via excessive utilization of certain metabolites produced by each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Mert
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Beyza Bulutoglu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Christopher Chu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Maggie Dylewski
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florence M Lin
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yong-Ming Yu
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Robert L Sheridan
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Burns Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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17
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Alshafie W, Francis V, Bednarz K, Pan YE, Stroh T, McPherson PS. Regulated resurfacing of a somatostatin receptor storage compartment fine-tunes pituitary secretion. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132745. [PMID: 31825461 PMCID: PMC7039187 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In pituitary cells, internalized somatostatin receptor is held in a GLUT4-like storage compartment. The receptor rapidly resurfaces in response to selective signaling pathways in a process that fine-tunes pituitary hormone release. The surfacing of the glucose transporter GLUT4 driven by insulin receptor activation provides the prototypic example of a homeostasis response dependent on mobilization of an intracellular storage compartment. Here, we generalize this concept to a G protein–coupled receptor, somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2), in pituitary cells. Following internalization in corticotropes, SSTR2 moves to a juxtanuclear syntaxin-6–positive compartment, where it remains until the corticotropes are stimulated with corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), whereupon SSTR2 exits the compartment on syntaxin-6–positive vesicular/tubular carriers that depend on Rab10 for their fusion with the plasma membrane. As SSTR2 activation antagonizes CRF-mediated hormone release, this storage/resurfacing mechanism may allow for a physiological homeostatic feedback system. In fact, we find that SSTR2 moves from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface in pituitary gland somatotropes, concomitant with increasing levels of serum growth hormone (GH) during natural GH cycles. Our data thus provide a mechanism by which signaling-mediated plasma membrane resurfacing of SSTR2 can fine-tune pituitary hormone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Alshafie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Klaudia Bednarz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yingzhou Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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D'Alessandro R, Meldolesi J. News about non-secretory exocytosis: mechanisms, properties, and functions. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:736-746. [PMID: 30605539 PMCID: PMC6821209 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion by exocytosis of many vesicles to the plasma membrane induces the discharge to the extracellular space of their abundant luminal cargoes. Other exocytic vesicles, however, do not contain cargoes, and thus, their fusion is not followed by secretion. Therefore, two distinct processes of exocytosis exist, one secretory and the other non-secretory. The present review deals with the knowledge of non-secretory exocytosis developed during recent years. Among such developments are the dual generation of the exocytic vesicles, initially released either from the trans-Golgi network or by endocytosis; their traffic with activation of receptors, channels, pumps, and transporters; the identification of their tethering and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complexes that govern membrane fusions; the growth of axons and the membrane repair. Examples of potential relevance of these processes for pathology and medicine are also reported. The developments presented here offer interesting chances for future progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- Scientific Institute San Raffaele and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
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19
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Abstract
The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, by mass. It is also the regulator of glucose homeostasis, responsible for 80% of postprandial glucose uptake from the circulation. Skeletal muscle is essential for metabolism, both for its role in glucose uptake and its importance in exercise and metabolic disease. In this article, we give an overview of the importance of skeletal muscle in metabolism, describing its role in glucose uptake and the diseases that are associated with skeletal muscle metabolic dysregulation. We focus on the role of skeletal muscle in peripheral insulin resistance and the potential for skeletal muscle-targeted therapeutics to combat insulin resistance and diabetes, as well as other metabolic diseases like aging and obesity. In particular, we outline the possibilities and pitfalls of the quest for exercise mimetics, which are intended to target the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic disease. We also provide a description of the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle glucose uptake, including a focus on the SNARE proteins, which are essential regulators of glucose transport into the skeletal muscle. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:785-809, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla E. Merz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
- The Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
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20
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Miklavc P, Frick M. Actin and Myosin in Non-Neuronal Exocytosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061455. [PMID: 32545391 PMCID: PMC7348895 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular secretion depends on exocytosis of secretory vesicles and discharge of vesicle contents. Actin and myosin are essential for pre-fusion and post-fusion stages of exocytosis. Secretory vesicles depend on actin for transport to and attachment at the cell cortex during the pre-fusion phase. Actin coats on fused vesicles contribute to stabilization of large vesicles, active vesicle contraction and/or retrieval of excess membrane during the post-fusion phase. Myosin molecular motors complement the role of actin. Myosin V is required for vesicle trafficking and attachment to cortical actin. Myosin I and II members engage in local remodeling of cortical actin to allow vesicles to get access to the plasma membrane for membrane fusion. Myosins stabilize open fusion pores and contribute to anchoring and contraction of actin coats to facilitate vesicle content release. Actin and myosin function in secretion is regulated by a plethora of interacting regulatory lipids and proteins. Some of these processes have been first described in non-neuronal cells and reflect adaptations to exocytosis of large secretory vesicles and/or secretion of bulky vesicle cargoes. Here we collate the current knowledge and highlight the role of actomyosin during distinct phases of exocytosis in an attempt to identify unifying molecular mechanisms in non-neuronal secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pika Miklavc
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +44-0161-295-3395 (P.M.); +49-731-500-23115 (M.F.); Fax: +49-731-500-23242 (M.F.)
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +44-0161-295-3395 (P.M.); +49-731-500-23115 (M.F.); Fax: +49-731-500-23242 (M.F.)
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21
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Abstract
A pivotal metabolic function of insulin is the stimulation of glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues. The discovery of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein in 1988 inspired its molecular cloning in the following year. It also spurred numerous cellular mechanistic studies laying the foundations for how insulin regulates glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells. Here, we reflect on the importance of the GLUT4 discovery and chronicle additional key findings made in the past 30 years. That exocytosis of a multispanning membrane protein regulates cellular glucose transport illuminated a novel adaptation of the secretory pathway, which is to transiently modulate the protein composition of the cellular plasma membrane. GLUT4 controls glucose transport into fat and muscle tissues in response to insulin and also into muscle during exercise. Thus, investigation of regulated GLUT4 trafficking provides a major means by which to map the essential signaling components that transmit the effects of insulin and exercise. Manipulation of the expression of GLUT4 or GLUT4-regulating molecules in mice has revealed the impact of glucose uptake on whole-body metabolism. Remaining gaps in our understanding of GLUT4 function and regulation are highlighted here, along with opportunities for future discoveries and for the development of therapeutic approaches to manage metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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22
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Min P, Zhao S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Song Y, Zhu C, Jiang H, Gu L, Du J. MICAL-L2 potentiates Cdc42-dependent EGFR stability and promotes gastric cancer cell migration. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4475-4488. [PMID: 31034158 PMCID: PMC6533512 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced migration potential is a common characteristic of cancer cells induced by mechanisms that are incompletely defined. The present study was designed to investigate relationship of a new discovered cytoskeleton regulator MICAL‐L2 and the endogenous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathways in gastric cancer cell migration. Increased expression of MICAL‐L2 in gastric cancer cells up‐regulated EGFR protein level, accompanied by the increase of cell migration, whereas silencing MICAL‐L2 down‐regulated EGFR and inhibited cell migration. Expression of MICAL‐L2 was also shown positively correlated with the activation of HSP27/cytoskeleton and HSP27/β‐catenin signalling pathways that provide key mechanisms controlling cell migration. The up‐regulating effect of MICAL‐L2 on EGFR is mediated through a transcription‐independent mechanism that involves inhibiting EGFR protein degradation in lysosome. Further analysis indicated that Cdc42 activation contributed in maintaining the effect of MICAL‐L2 on EGFR stability. Furthermore analysis of clinic specimens revealed increased expression of MICAL‐L2 in carcinoma tissues and a positive correlation between MICAL‐L2 and EGFR expression levels. The above results indicate that MICAL‐L2 potentiates gastric cell migration via inhibiting EGFR degradation in lysosome via a Cdc42‐dependent manner that leads to the activation of EGFR/HSP27 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Peng W, Tong C, Li L, Huang C, Ran Y, Chen X, Bai Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Tan B, Luo X, Wang H, Wen L, Zhang C, Zhang H, Ding Y, Qi H, Baker PN. Trophoblastic proliferation and invasion regulated by ACTN4 is impaired in early onset preeclampsia. FASEB J 2019; 33:6327-6338. [PMID: 30776251 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802058rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Successful pregnancy requires normal placentation, which largely depends on the tight regulation of proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells. Abnormal functioning of trophoblast cells may cause failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling, which may be related to pregnancy-related disorders, such as preeclampsia. Here, we reported that an actin-binding protein, α-actinin (ACTN)4, was dysregulated in placentas from early onset preeclampsia. Moreover, knockdown of ACTN4 markedly inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation by reducing AKT membrane translocation. Furthermore, E-cadherin regulated ACTN4 and β-catenin colocalization on trophoblast cell podosomes, and ACTN4 down-regulation suppressed the E-cadherin-induced cell invasion increase via depolymerizing actin filaments. Moreover, loss of ACTN4 recapitulated a number of the features of human preeclampsia. Therefore, our data indicate that ACNT4 plays a role in trophoblast function and is required for normal placental development.-Peng, W., Tong, C., Li, L., Huang, C., Ran, Y., Chen, X., Bai, Y., Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Tan, B., Luo, X., Wang, H., Wen, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Ding, Y., Qi, H., Baker, P. N. Trophoblastic proliferation and invasion regulated by ACTN4 is impaired in early onset preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Ran
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehai Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip N Baker
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Medicine, Biological Sciences, and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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24
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Condon ND, Heddleston JM, Chew TL, Luo L, McPherson PS, Ioannou MS, Hodgson L, Stow JL, Wall AA. Macropinosome formation by tent pole ruffling in macrophages. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3873-3885. [PMID: 30150290 PMCID: PMC6219714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201804137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Condon et al. use lattice light-sheet microscopy to analyze live macrophages and
define a new model of macropinosome formation and closure through tent pole
ruffles. The ruffles, which are enhanced by LPS and regulated by Rab13, are
erected and supported by F-actin tent poles that cross over and twist to
constrict the forming macropinosomes. Pathogen-mediated activation of macrophages arms innate immune responses that
include enhanced surface ruffling and macropinocytosis for environmental
sampling and receptor internalization and signaling. Activation of macrophages
with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generates prominent dorsal ruffles,
which are precursors for macropinosomes. Very rapid, high-resolution imaging of
live macrophages with lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) reveals new features
and actions of dorsal ruffles, which redefine the process of macropinosome
formation and closure. We offer a new model in which ruffles are erected and
supported by F-actin tent poles that cross over and twist to constrict the
forming macropinosomes. This process allows for formation of large
macropinosomes induced by LPS. We further describe the enrichment of active
Rab13 on tent pole ruffles and show that CRISPR deletion of Rab13 results in
aberrant tent pole ruffles and blocks the formation of large LPS-induced
macropinosomes. Based on the exquisite temporal and spatial resolution of LLSM,
we can redefine the ruffling and macropinosome processes that underpin innate
immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Kjos I, Vestre K, Guadagno NA, Borg Distefano M, Progida C. Rab and Arf proteins at the crossroad between membrane transport and cytoskeleton dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1397-1409. [PMID: 30021127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular movement and positioning of organelles and vesicles is mediated by the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. Small GTPases like Rab and Arf proteins are main regulators of intracellular transport by connecting membranes to cytoskeleton motors or adaptors. However, it is becoming clear that interactions between these small GTPases and the cytoskeleton are important not only for the regulation of membrane transport. In this review, we will cover our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the connection between Rab and Arf GTPases and the cytoskeleton, with special emphasis on the double role of these interactions, not only in membrane trafficking but also in membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the most recent findings about the fine control mechanisms of crosstalk between different members of Rab, Arf, and Rho families of small GTPases in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kjos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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26
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Tokarz VL, MacDonald PE, Klip A. The cell biology of systemic insulin function. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2273-2289. [PMID: 29622564 PMCID: PMC6028526 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the paramount anabolic hormone, promoting carbon energy deposition in the body. Its synthesis, quality control, delivery, and action are exquisitely regulated by highly orchestrated intracellular mechanisms in different organs or "stations" of its bodily journey. In this Beyond the Cell review, we focus on these five stages of the journey of insulin through the body and the captivating cell biology that underlies the interaction of insulin with each organ. We first analyze insulin's biosynthesis in and export from the β-cells of the pancreas. Next, we focus on its first pass and partial clearance in the liver with its temporality and periodicity linked to secretion. Continuing the journey, we briefly describe insulin's action on the blood vasculature and its still-debated mechanisms of exit from the capillary beds. Once in the parenchymal interstitium of muscle and adipose tissue, insulin promotes glucose uptake into myofibers and adipocytes, and we elaborate on the intricate signaling and vesicle traffic mechanisms that underlie this fundamental function. Finally, we touch upon the renal degradation of insulin to end its action. Cellular discernment of insulin's availability and action should prove critical to understanding its pivotal physiological functions and how their failure leads to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tokarz
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Li Z, Yue Y, Hu F, Zhang C, Ma X, Li N, Qiu L, Fu M, Chen L, Yao Z, Bilan PJ, Klip A, Niu W. Electrical pulse stimulation induces GLUT4 translocation in C 2C 12 myotubes that depends on Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E478-E493. [PMID: 29089333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00103.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The signals mobilizing GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in response to muscle contraction are less known than those elicited by insulin. This disparity is undoubtedly due to lack of suitable in vitro models to study skeletal muscle contraction. We generated C2C12 myotubes stably expressing HA-tagged GLUT4 (C2C12-GLUT4 HA) that contract in response to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) and investigated molecular mechanisms regulating GLUT4 HA. EPS (60 min, 20 V, 1 Hz, 24-ms pulses at 976-ms intervals) elicited a gain in surface GLUT4 HA (GLUT4 translocation) comparably to insulin or 5-amino imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). A myosin II inhibitor prevented EPS-stimulated myotube contraction and reduced surface GLUT4 by 56%. EPS stimulated AMPK and CaMKII phosphorylation, and EPS-stimulated GLUT4 translocation was reduced in part by small interfering (si)RNA-mediated AMPKα1/α2 knockdown, compound C, siRNA-mediated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII)δ knockdown, or CaMKII inhibitor KN93. Key regulatory residues on the Rab-GAPs AS160 and TBC1D1 were phosphorylated in response to EPS. Stable expression of an activated form of the Rab-GAP AS160 (AS160-4A) diminished EPS- and insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation, suggesting regulation of GLUT4 vesicle traffic by Rab GTPases. Knockdown of each Rab8a, Rab13, or Rab14 reduced, in part, GLUT4 translocation induced by EPS, whereas only Rab8a, or Rab14 knockdown reduced the AICAR response. In conclusion, EPS involves Rab8a, Rab13, and Rab14 to elicit GLUT4 translocation but not Rab10; moreover, Rab10 and Rab13 are not engaged by AMPK activation alone. C2C12-GLUT4 HA cultures constitute a valuable in vitro model to investigate molecular mechanisms of contraction-stimulated GLUT4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Maolong Fu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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28
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Integration of the Endocytic System into the Network of Cellular Functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 57:39-63. [PMID: 30097771 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of physiologic cellular functions and homeostasis requires highly coordinated interactions between different cellular compartments. In this regard, the endocytic system, which plays a key role in cargo internalization and trafficking within the cell, participates in upkeep of intracellular dynamics, while communicating with multiple organelles. This chapter will discuss the function of endosomes from a standpoint of cellular integration. We will present examples of different types of interactions between endosomes and other cellular compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, the plasma membrane (PM), and the nuclear envelope. In addition, we will describe the incorporation of endocytic components, such as endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins and Rab small GTPases, into cellular processes that operate outside of the endolysosomal pathway. The significance of endosomal interactions for processes such as signaling regulation, intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics, metabolic control, and homeostatic responses will be reviewed. Accumulating data indicate that beyond its involvement in cargo transport, the endocytic pathway is comprehensively integrated into other systems of the cell and plays multiple roles in the complex net of cellular functions.
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29
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Jaldin-Fincati JR, Bilan PJ, Klip A. GLUT4 Translocation in Single Muscle Cells in Culture: Epitope Detection by Immunofluorescence. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1713:175-192. [PMID: 29218526 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7507-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
GLUT4 is the major glucose transporter in skeletal muscle. GLUT4 cycles to and from the plasma membrane and its exocytic rate is accelerated by insulin and muscle contraction to achieve a new steady state with more GLUT4 proteins at the muscle cell surface. To gain a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern GLUT4 protein recycling, we developed an in vitro model in which myc-epitope-tagged GLUT4 or GLUT4-GFP is expressed in L6 skeletal muscle cells. The myc-epitope is inserted into an exofacial domain that is accessible to anti-myc antibodies from the outside of non-permeabilized cells, allowing one to count the number of transporters at the cell surface. This enables one to perform single-cell analysis using confocal fluorescence microscopy to quantify cell surface GLUT4myc or GLUT4myc-GFP in cells co-transfected with diverse cDNA constructs, treated with siRNAs, or co-stained with antibodies for other proteins of interest. Herein, we describe the methodology to perform these experimental approaches in insulin-stimulated L6 muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Jaldin-Fincati
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, PGCRL, Room 19.9709, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, PGCRL, Room 19.9709, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, PGCRL, Room 19.9709, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4.
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30
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PKC and Rab13 mediate Ca2+ signal-regulated GLUT4 traffic. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1956-1963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Cai Y, Lu J, Tang F. Overexpression of MICAL2, a novel tumor-promoting factor, accelerates tumor progression through regulating cell proliferation and EMT. J Cancer 2018; 9:521-527. [PMID: 29483957 PMCID: PMC5820919 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecule interacting with CasL 2 (MICAL2), a microtubule associated monooxygenase, is involved in cell growth, axon guidance, vesicle trafficking and apoptosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that MICAL2 is highly expressed in tumor and accelerates tumor progression and it is deemed to be a novel tumor-promoting factor. MICAL2 overexpression increases cell proliferation to accelerate tumor growth, and MICAL2 also promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins to increase cancer cell metastasis. On mechanism, MICAL2 induces EMT by regulating SRF (serum response factor)/MRTF-A (myocardin related transcription factor A) signaling, Semaphorin/Plexin pathway and inducing ROS (Reactive oxygen species) production. In the present review, we introduced MICAL family, expatiated the structure and functions of MICALs, and summarized the mechanisms of MICAL2 involving tumor progression. The challenges and perspectives for MICAL2 in tumor are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Cai
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Lu
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Clinical Laboratory and Medical Research Center, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
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32
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Jaldin-Fincati JR, Pavarotti M, Frendo-Cumbo S, Bilan PJ, Klip A. Update on GLUT4 Vesicle Traffic: A Cornerstone of Insulin Action. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:597-611. [PMID: 28602209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is rate limiting for dietary glucose utilization by muscle and fat. The glucose transporter GLUT4 is dynamically sorted and retained intracellularly and redistributes to the plasma membrane (PM) by insulin-regulated vesicular traffic, or 'GLUT4 translocation'. Here we emphasize recent findings in GLUT4 translocation research. The application of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has increased our understanding of insulin-regulated events beneath the PM, such as vesicle tethering and membrane fusion. We describe recent findings on Akt-targeted Rab GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) (TBC1D1, TBC1D4, TBC1D13) and downstream Rab GTPases (Rab8a, Rab10, Rab13, Rab14, and their effectors) along with the input of Rac1 and actin filaments, molecular motors [myosinVa (MyoVa), myosin1c (Myo1c), myosinIIA (MyoIIA)], and membrane fusion regulators (syntaxin4, munc18c, Doc2b). Collectively these findings reveal novel events in insulin-regulated GLUT4 traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Pavarotti
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; IHEM, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5J 2L4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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33
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Abstract
Protein function can be regulated via post-translational modifications by numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, including oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues. Redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms have been identified for nearly every cellular process, but the major paradigm has been that cellular components are oxidized (damaged) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a relatively unspecific way, and then reduced (repaired) by designated reductases. While this scheme may work with cysteine, it cannot be ascribed to other residues, such as methionine, whose reaction with ROS is too slow to be biologically relevant. However, methionine is clearly oxidized in vivo and enzymes for its stereoselective reduction are present in all three domains of life. Here, we revisit the chemistry and biology of methionine oxidation, with emphasis on its generation by enzymes from the monooxygenase family. Particular attention is placed on MICALs, a recently discovered family of proteins that harbor an unusual flavin-monooxygenase domain with an NADPH-dependent methionine sulfoxidase activity. Based on structural and kinetic information we provide a rational framework to explain MICAL mechanism, inhibition, and regulation. Methionine residues that are targeted by MICALs are reduced back by methionine sulfoxide reductases, suggesting that reversible methionine oxidation may be a general mechanism analogous to the regulation by phosphorylation by kinases/phosphatases. The identification of new enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methionine will open a new area of research at the forefront of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manta
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Vanoni MA. Structure-function studies of MICAL, the unusual multidomain flavoenzyme involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:118-141. [PMID: 28602956 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MICAL (from the Molecule Interacting with CasL) indicates a family of multidomain proteins conserved from insects to humans, which are increasingly attracting attention for their participation in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and, therefore, in the several related key processes in health and disease. MICAL is unique among actin binding proteins because it catalyzes a NADPH-dependent F-actin depolymerizing reaction. This unprecedented reaction is associated with its N-terminal FAD-containing domain that is structurally related to p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, the prototype of aromatic monooxygenases, but catalyzes a strong NADPH oxidase activity in the free state. This review will focus on the known structural and functional properties of MICAL forms in order to provide an overview of the arguments supporting the current hypotheses on the possible mechanism of action of MICAL in the free and F-actin bound state, on the modulating effect of the CH, LIM, and C-terminal domains that follow the catalytic flavoprotein domain on the MICAL activities, as well as that of small molecules and proteins interacting with MICAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Vanoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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35
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Goody RS, Müller MP, Wu YW. Mechanisms of action of Rab proteins, key regulators of intracellular vesicular transport. Biol Chem 2017; 398:565-575. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Our understanding of the manner in which Rab proteins regulate intracellular vesicular transport has progressed remarkably in the last one or two decades by application of a wide spectrum of biochemical, biophysical and cell biological methods, augmented by the methods of chemical biology. Important additional insights have arisen from examination of the manner in which certain bacteria can manipulate vesicular transport mechanisms. The progress in these areas is summarized here.
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36
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Frémont S, Romet-Lemonne G, Houdusse A, Echard A. Emerging roles of MICAL family proteins - from actin oxidation to membrane trafficking during cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1509-1517. [PMID: 28373242 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission is the terminal step of cell division, leading to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. The exact mechanism mediating the final scission of the intercellular bridge connecting the dividing cells is not fully understood, but requires the local constriction of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III-dependent helices, as well as remodelling of lipids and the cytoskeleton at the site of abscission. In particular, microtubules and actin filaments must be locally disassembled for successful abscission. However, the mechanism that actively removes actin during abscission is poorly understood. In this Commentary, we will focus on the latest findings regarding the emerging role of the MICAL family of oxidoreductases in F-actin disassembly and describe how Rab GTPases regulate their enzymatic activity. We will also discuss the recently reported role of MICAL1 in controlling F-actin clearance in the ESCRT-III-mediated step of cytokinetic abscission. In addition, we will highlight how two other members of the MICAL family (MICAL3 and MICAL-L1) contribute to cytokinesis by regulating membrane trafficking. Taken together, these findings establish the MICAL family as a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and membrane trafficking during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Frémont
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15 75724, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris 75015, France
| | - Guillaume Romet-Lemonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75013, France
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15 75724, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris 75015, France
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37
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Abstract
Rab proteins regulate vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells and establish connections to various cellular structures and processes by interacting with so-called effector molecules. Several of these effectors are known to not only bind a single Rab protein, but to be able to bind multiple different Rabs simultaneously. In this review we will give a short overview of effectors in general and (putative) functions of the aforementioned multivalent Rab:effector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Rai
- a Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Roger S Goody
- a Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Matthias P Müller
- a Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Dortmund , Germany
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38
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Tunduguru R, Thurmond DC. Promoting Glucose Transporter-4 Vesicle Trafficking along Cytoskeletal Tracks: PAK-Ing Them Out. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:329. [PMID: 29209279 PMCID: PMC5701999 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the principal cellular energy source in humans and maintenance of glucose homeostasis is critical for survival. Glucose uptake into peripheral skeletal muscle and adipose tissues requires the trafficking of vesicles containing glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular storage compartments to the cell surface. Trafficking of GLUT4 storage vesicles is initiated via the canonical insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle and fat cells, as well as via exercise-induced contraction in muscle cells. Recent studies have elucidated steps in the signaling cascades that involve remodeling of the cytoskeleton, a process that underpins the mechanical movement of GLUT4 vesicles. This review is focused upon an alternate phosphoinositide-3 kinase-dependent pathway involving Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 signaling through the p21-activated kinase p21-activated kinase 1 and showcases related signaling events that co-regulate both the depolymerization and re-polymerization of filamentous actin. These new insights provide an enriched understanding into the process of glucose transport and yield potential new targets for interventions aimed to improve insulin sensitivity and remediate insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and the progression to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragadeepthi Tunduguru
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Debbie C. Thurmond,
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39
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Esteves JV, Enguita FJ, Machado UF. MicroRNAs-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7267910. [PMID: 28428964 PMCID: PMC5385897 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7267910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) plays a key role in the insulin-induced glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues. In prediabetes and diabetes, GLUT4 expression/translocation has been detected as reduced, participating in mechanisms that impair glycemic control. Recently, a class of short endogenous noncoding RNAs named microRNAs (miRNAs) has been increasingly described as involved in the posttranscriptional epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The present review focuses on miRNAs potentially involved in the expression of GLUT4 expression, and proteins related to GLUT4 and translocation in skeletal muscle, seeking to correlate them with insulin resistance and diabetes. So far, miR-21a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-133b-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-223-3p have been reported to directly and/or indirectly regulate the GLUT4 expression; and their expression is altered under diabetes-related conditions. Besides, some miRNAs that have been linked to the expression of proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation machinery in muscle could also impact glucose uptake. That makes these miRNAs promising targets for preventive and/or therapeutic approaches, which could improve glycemic control, thus deserving future new investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- *Ubiratan Fabres Machado:
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40
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Rai A, Oprisko A, Campos J, Fu Y, Friese T, Itzen A, Goody RS, Gazdag EM, Müller MP. bMERB domains are bivalent Rab8 family effectors evolved by gene duplication. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27552051 PMCID: PMC5026484 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In their active GTP-bound form, Rab proteins interact with proteins termed effector molecules. In this study, we have thoroughly characterized a Rab effector domain that is present in proteins of the Mical and EHBP families, both known to act in endosomal trafficking. Within our study, we show that these effectors display a preference for Rab8 family proteins (Rab8, 10, 13 and 15) and that some of the effector domains can bind two Rab proteins via separate binding sites. Structural analysis allowed us to explain the specificity towards Rab8 family members and the presence of two similar Rab binding sites that must have evolved via gene duplication. This study is the first to thoroughly characterize a Rab effector protein that contains two separate Rab binding sites within a single domain, allowing Micals and EHBPs to bind two Rabs simultaneously, thus suggesting previously unknown functions of these effector molecules in endosomal trafficking. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18675.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anastasia Oprisko
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jeremy Campos
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yangxue Fu
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Timon Friese
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Aymelt Itzen
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Roger S Goody
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Emerich Mihai Gazdag
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias P Müller
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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41
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Ioannou MS, McPherson PS. Regulation of Cancer Cell Behavior by the Small GTPase Rab13. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9929-37. [PMID: 27044746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.715193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the Rab family of GTPases are master regulators of cellular membrane trafficking. With ∼70 members in humans, Rabs have been implicated in all steps of membrane trafficking ranging from vesicle formation and transport to vesicle docking/tethering and fusion. Vesicle trafficking controls the localization and levels of a myriad of proteins, thus regulating cellular functions including proliferation, metabolism, cell-cell adhesion, and cell migration. It is therefore not surprising that impairment of Rab pathways is associated with diseases including cancer. In this review, we highlight evidence supporting the role of Rab13 as a potent driver of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Ioannou
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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