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Mallick S, Choi Y, Taylor AM, Cosper PF. Human Papillomavirus-Induced Chromosomal Instability and Aneuploidy in Squamous Cell Cancers. Viruses 2024; 16:501. [PMID: 38675844 PMCID: PMC11053578 DOI: 10.3390/v16040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. CIN is defined as a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events over the course of multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content differing from a multiple of the haploid. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of squamous cancers of the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have well-known roles in carcinogenesis, but additional genomic events, such as CIN and aneuploidy, are often required for tumor formation. HPV+ squamous cancers have an increased frequency of specific types of CIN, including polar chromosomes. CIN leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) specific to HPV+ cancers, which are distinct from HPV- cancers. HPV-specific CIN and aneuploidy may have implications for prognosis and therapeutic response and may provide insight into novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we review HPV-specific types of CIN and patterns of aneuploidy in squamous cancers, as well as how this impacts patient prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyukta Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yeseo Choi
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alison M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pippa F. Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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2
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Cosper PF, Hrycyniak LCF, Paracha M, Lee DL, Wan J, Jones K, Bice SA, Nickel K, Mallick S, Taylor AM, Kimple RJ, Lambert PF, Weaver BA. HPV16 E6 induces chromosomal instability due to polar chromosomes caused by E6AP-dependent degradation of the mitotic kinesin CENP-E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216700120. [PMID: 36989302 PMCID: PMC10083562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation during mitosis is highly regulated to ensure production of genetically identical progeny. Recurrent mitotic errors cause chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of tumors. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes cervical, anal, and head and neck cancers (HNC), cause mitotic defects consistent with CIN in models of anogenital cancers, but this has not been studied in the context of HNC. Here, we show that HPV16 induces a specific type of CIN in patient HNC tumors, patient-derived xenografts, and cell lines, which is due to defects in chromosome congression. These defects are specifically induced by the HPV16 oncogene E6 rather than E7. We show that HPV16 E6 expression causes degradation of the mitotic kinesin CENP-E, whose depletion produces chromosomes that are chronically misaligned near spindle poles (polar chromosomes) and fail to congress. Though the canonical oncogenic role of E6 is the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53, CENP-E degradation and polar chromosomes occur independently of p53. Instead, E6 directs CENP-E degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner via the E6-associated ubiquitin protein ligase E6AP/UBE3A. This study reveals a mechanism by which HPV induces CIN, which may impact HPV-mediated tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa F. Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Laura C. F. Hrycyniak
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Maha Paracha
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Denis L. Lee
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Jun Wan
- Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Kathryn Jones
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Sophie A. Bice
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Kwangok Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Samyukta Mallick
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Alison M. Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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3
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Edwards DM, Mitchell DK, Abdul-Sater Z, Chan KK, Sun Z, Sheth A, He Y, Jiang L, Yuan J, Sharma R, Czader M, Chin PJ, Liu Y, de Cárcer G, Nalepa G, Broxmeyer HE, Clapp DW, Sierra Potchanant EA. Mitotic Errors Promote Genomic Instability and Leukemia in a Novel Mouse Model of Fanconi Anemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752933. [PMID: 34804941 PMCID: PMC8602820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disease of genomic instability and cancer. In addition to DNA damage repair, FA pathway proteins are now known to be critical for maintaining faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. While impaired DNA damage repair has been studied extensively in FA-associated carcinogenesis in vivo, the oncogenic contribution of mitotic abnormalities secondary to FA pathway deficiency remains incompletely understood. To examine the role of mitotic dysregulation in FA pathway deficient malignancies, we genetically exacerbated the baseline mitotic defect in Fancc-/- mice by introducing heterozygosity of the key spindle assembly checkpoint regulator Mad2. Fancc-/-;Mad2+/- mice were viable, but died from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thus recapitulating the high risk of myeloid malignancies in FA patients better than Fancc-/-mice. We utilized hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to propagate Fancc-/-; Mad2+/- AML in irradiated healthy mice to model FANCC-deficient AMLs arising in the non-FA population. Compared to cells from Fancc-/- mice, those from Fancc-/-;Mad2+/- mice demonstrated an increase in mitotic errors but equivalent DNA cross-linker hypersensitivity, indicating that the cancer phenotype of Fancc-/-;Mad2+/- mice results from error-prone cell division and not exacerbation of the DNA damage repair defect. We found that FANCC enhances targeting of endogenous MAD2 to prometaphase kinetochores, suggesting a mechanism for how FANCC-dependent regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint prevents chromosome mis-segregation. Whole-exome sequencing revealed similarities between human FA-associated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/AML and the AML that developed in Fancc-/-; Mad2+/- mice. Together, these data illuminate the role of mitotic dysregulation in FA-pathway deficient malignancies in vivo, show how FANCC adjusts the spindle assembly checkpoint rheostat by regulating MAD2 kinetochore targeting in cell cycle-dependent manner, and establish two new mouse models for preclinical studies of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Dana K Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zahi Abdul-Sater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ka-Kui Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zejin Sun
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aditya Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ying He
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Li Jiang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jin Yuan
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richa Sharma
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Pei-Ju Chin
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Sierra Potchanant
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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4
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Shindo N, Otsuki M, Uchida KSK, Hirota T. Prolonged mitosis causes separase deregulation and chromosome nondisjunction. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108652. [PMID: 33472072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitotic chromosome segregation, the protease separase severs cohesin between sister chromatids. A probe for separase activity has shown that separase undergoes abrupt activation shortly before anaphase onset, after being suppressed throughout metaphase; however, the relevance of this control remains unclear. Here, we report that separase activates precociously, with respect to anaphase onset, during prolonged metaphase in multiple types of cancer cell lines. The artificial extension of metaphase in chromosomally stable diploid cells leads to precocious activation and, subsequently, to chromosomal bridges in anaphase, which seems to be attributable to incomplete cohesin removal. Conversely, shortening back of a prolonged metaphase restores the activation of separase and ameliorates anaphase bridge formation. These observations suggest that retarded metaphase progression affects the separase activation profile and its enzymatic proficiency. Our findings provide an unanticipated etiology for chromosomal instability in cancers and underscore the relevance of swift mitotic transitions for fail-safe chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Shindo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Ariake 3-8-31 Koto-ku, 135-8550 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsuki
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Ariake 3-8-31 Koto-ku, 135-8550 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko S K Uchida
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Ariake 3-8-31 Koto-ku, 135-8550 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Ariake 3-8-31 Koto-ku, 135-8550 Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Curtis NL, Ruda GF, Brennan P, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Deregulation of Chromosome Segregation and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an intricate cell signaling system that ensures the high fidelity and timely segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Mistakes in this process can lead to the loss, gain, or rearrangement of the genetic material. Gross chromosomal aberrations are usually lethal but can cause birth and development defects as well as cancer. Despite advances in the identification of SAC protein components, important details of the interactions underpinning chromosome segregation regulation remain to be established. This review discusses the current understanding of the function, structure, mode of regulation, and dynamics of the assembly and disassembly of SAC subcomplexes, which ultimately safeguard the accurate transmission of a stable genome to descendants. We also discuss how diverse oncoviruses take control of human cell division by exploiting the SAC and the potential of this signaling circuitry as a pool of drug targets to develop effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Curtis
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Gian Filippo Ruda
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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Santos S, Ferreira T, Almeida J, Pires MJ, Colaço A, Lemos S, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R, Bastos MMSM, Neuparth MJ, Abreu H, Pereira R, Pacheco M, Gaivão I, Rosa E, Oliveira PA. Dietary Supplementation with the Red Seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis Protects against DNA Damage and Pre-Malignant Dysplastic Skin Lesions in HPV-Transgenic Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110615. [PMID: 31671845 PMCID: PMC6891340 DOI: 10.3390/md17110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some diet profiles are associated with the risk of developing cancer; however, some nutrients show protective effects. Porphyra umbilicalis is widely consumed, having a balanced nutritional profile; however, its potential for cancer chemoprevention still needs comprehensive studies. In this study, we incorporated P. umbilicalis into the diet of mice transgenic for the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), which spontaneously develop pre-malignant and malignant lesions, and determined whether this seaweed was able to block lesion development. Forty-four 20-week-old HPV+/− and HPV−/− mice were fed either a base diet or a diet supplemented with 10% seaweed. At the end of the study, skin samples were examined to classify HPV16-induced lesions. The liver was also screened for potential toxic effects of the seaweed. Blood was used to study toxicological parameters and to perform comet and micronucleus genotoxicity tests. P. umbilicalis significantly reduced the incidence of pre-malignant dysplastic lesions, completely abrogating them in the chest skin. These results suggest that P. umbilicalis dietary supplementation has the potential to block the development of pre-malignant skin lesions and indicate its antigenotoxic activity against HPV-induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to establish the seaweed as a functional food and clarify the mechanisms whereby this seaweed blocks multistep carcinogenesis induced by HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - José Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Maria J Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aura Colaço
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Lemos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal.
- LPCC Research Department, Portuguese League against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida M S M Bastos
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria J Neuparth
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus, Lda., PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus, Lda., PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, CECAV, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Department of Agronomy, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Wang L, Wang J, Jin Y, Zheng J, Yang Y, Xi X. Downregulation of Mad2 and BubR1 increase the malignant potential and nocodazole resistance by compromising spindle assembly checkpoint signaling pathway in cervical carcinogenesis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2407-2418. [PMID: 31523901 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the involvement of Mad2 and BubR1 in cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS The expressions of Mad2 and BubR1 in tissues of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and chronic cervicitis were analyzed immunohistochemistrily and compared with those of p16INK4A . PEGFP-Mad2 and pEGFP-BubR1 were transfected into SiHa cells to overexpress Mad2 and BubR1 and Si-RNAs to knockdown. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Migration and invasion capabilities were detected by Transwell. Propidium iodide staining with flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and apoptosis was detected using Annexin V/7-AAD staining after nocodazole treatment. RESULTS The expression of Mad2 was significantly lower in HSIL than those in chronic cervicitis and LSIL, however, the expression of BubR1 showed no significant differences. To detect HSIL in cervical lesions, Mad2 had a sensitivity of 88.44% and a specificity of 87.23%, Mad2 was less sensitive and more specific than p16INK4a . In SiHa cells, knockdown of Mad2 and BubR1 increased cell growth, reinforced invasion capacity and migration potency, inhibited apoptosis and decreased G2-phase distribution after nocodazole treatment. Oppositely, the overexpression strategies made cells show decreased malignant behaviors, raised apoptosis and increased G2-phase distribution. CONCLUSION Mad2 negativity was specific to identify HSIL immunohistochemistrily. Downregulation of Mad2 and BubR1 increase the malignant behavior and nocodazole resistance of SiHa cells via causing spindle assembly checkpoint defect. This mechanism may contribute to cervical carcinogenesis and resistance to microtubule-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubiao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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