1
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Barone V, Tagua A, Román JÁAS, Hamdoun A, Garrido-García J, Lyons DC, Escudero LM. Local and global changes in cell density induce reorganisation of 3D packing in a proliferating epithelium. Development 2024; 151:dev202362. [PMID: 38619327 PMCID: PMC11112164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is intimately linked to the changes in shape and organisation of individual cells. In curved epithelia, cells can intercalate along their own apicobasal axes, adopting a shape named 'scutoid' that allows energy minimization in the tissue. Although several geometric and biophysical factors have been associated with this 3D reorganisation, the dynamic changes underlying scutoid formation in 3D epithelial packing remain poorly understood. Here, we use live imaging of the sea star embryo coupled with deep learning-based segmentation to dissect the relative contributions of cell density, tissue compaction and cell proliferation on epithelial architecture. We find that tissue compaction, which naturally occurs in the embryo, is necessary for the appearance of scutoids. Physical compression experiments identify cell density as the factor promoting scutoid formation at a global level. Finally, the comparison of the developing embryo with computational models indicates that the increase in the proportion of scutoids is directly associated with cell divisions. Our results suggest that apico-basal intercalations appearing immediately after mitosis may help accommodate the new cells within the tissue. We propose that proliferation in a compact epithelium induces 3D cell rearrangements during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barone
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Jesus Á. Andrés-San Román
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juan Garrido-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Deirdre C. Lyons
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luis M. Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Sarkar T, Krajnc M. Graph topological transformations in space-filling cell aggregates. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012089. [PMID: 38743660 PMCID: PMC11093388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell rearrangements are fundamental mechanisms driving large-scale deformations of living tissues. In three-dimensional (3D) space-filling cell aggregates, cells rearrange through local topological transitions of the network of cell-cell interfaces, which is most conveniently described by the vertex model. Since these transitions are not yet mathematically properly formulated, the 3D vertex model is generally difficult to implement. The few existing implementations rely on highly customized and complex software-engineering solutions, which cannot be transparently delineated and are thus mostly non-reproducible. To solve this outstanding problem, we propose a reformulation of the vertex model. Our approach, called Graph Vertex Model (GVM), is based on storing the topology of the cell network into a knowledge graph with a particular data structure that allows performing cell-rearrangement events by simple graph transformations. Importantly, when these same transformations are applied to a two-dimensional (2D) polygonal cell aggregate, they reduce to a well-known T1 transition, thereby generalizing cell-rearrangements in 2D and 3D space-filling packings. This result suggests that the GVM's graph data structure may be the most natural representation of cell aggregates and tissues. We also develop a Python package that implements GVM, relying on a graph-database-management framework Neo4j. We use this package to characterize an order-disorder transition in 3D cell aggregates, driven by active noise and we find aggregates undergoing efficient ordering close to the transition point. In all, our work showcases knowledge graphs as particularly suitable data models for structured storage, analysis, and manipulation of tissue data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Sarkar
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Krajnc
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Barone V, Tagua A, Andrés-San Román JÁ, Hamdoun A, Garrido-García J, Lyons DC, Escudero LM. Local and global changes in cell density induce reorganisation of 3D packing in a proliferating epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.08.579268. [PMID: 38370815 PMCID: PMC10871321 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis is intimately linked to the changes in shape and organisation of individual cells. In curved epithelia, cells can intercalate along their own apicobasal axes adopting a shape named "scutoid" that allows energy minimization in the tissue. Although several geometric and biophysical factors have been associated with this 3D reorganisation, the dynamic changes underlying scutoid formation in 3D epithelial packing remain poorly understood. Here we use live-imaging of the sea star embryo coupled with deep learning-based segmentation, to dissect the relative contributions of cell density, tissue compaction, and cell proliferation on epithelial architecture. We find that tissue compaction, which naturally occurs in the embryo, is necessary for the appearance of scutoids. Physical compression experiments identify cell density as the factor promoting scutoid formation at a global level. Finally, the comparison of the developing embryo with computational models indicates that the increase in the proportion of scutoids is directly associated with cell divisions. Our results suggest that apico-basal intercalations appearing just after mitosis may help accommodate the new cells within the tissue. We propose that proliferation in a compact epithelium induces 3D cell rearrangements during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barone
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Jesus Á Andrés-San Román
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Juan Garrido-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Deirdre C Lyons
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. 41013 Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Andrés-San Román JA, Gordillo-Vázquez C, Franco-Barranco D, Morato L, Fernández-Espartero CH, Baonza G, Tagua A, Vicente-Munuera P, Palacios AM, Gavilán MP, Martín-Belmonte F, Annese V, Gómez-Gálvez P, Arganda-Carreras I, Escudero LM. CartoCell, a high-content pipeline for 3D image analysis, unveils cell morphology patterns in epithelia. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100597. [PMID: 37751739 PMCID: PMC10626192 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have not yet fully explained the mechanisms of epithelial self-organization and 3D packing. Single-cell analysis of large 3D epithelial libraries is crucial for understanding the assembly and function of whole tissues. Combining 3D epithelial imaging with advanced deep-learning segmentation methods is essential for enabling this high-content analysis. We introduce CartoCell, a deep-learning-based pipeline that uses small datasets to generate accurate labels for hundreds of whole 3D epithelial cysts. Our method detects the realistic morphology of epithelial cells and their contacts in the 3D structure of the tissue. CartoCell enables the quantification of geometric and packing features at the cellular level. Our single-cell cartography approach then maps the distribution of these features on 2D plots and 3D surface maps, revealing cell morphology patterns in epithelial cysts. Additionally, we show that CartoCell can be adapted to other types of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Andrés-San Román
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Gordillo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Franco-Barranco
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Laura Morato
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Cecilia H Fernández-Espartero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Baonza
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM and Ramón & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Ana M Palacios
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María P Gavilán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), JA/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/Universidad Pablo de Olavide and Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Belmonte
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM and Ramón & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Annese
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain; Biofisika Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Mapping and exploring the organoid state space using synthetic biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 141:23-32. [PMID: 35466054 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional relevance of an organoid is dependent on the differentiation, morphology, cell arrangement and biophysical properties, which collectively define the state of an organoid. For an organoid culture, an individual organoid or the cells that compose it, these state variables can be characterised, most easily by transcriptomics and by high-content image analysis. Their states can be compared to their in vivo counterparts. Current evidence suggests that organoids explore a wider state space than organs in vivo due to the lack of niche signalling and the variability of boundary conditions in vitro. Using data-driven state inference and in silico modelling, phase diagrams can be constructed to systematically sort organoids along biochemical or biophysical axes. These phase diagrams allow us to identify control strategies to modulate organoid state. To do so, the biochemical and biophysical environment, as well as the cells that seed organoids, can be manipulated.
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6
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Adelmann JA, Vetter R, Iber D. The impact of cell size on morphogen gradient precision. Development 2023; 150:dev201702. [PMID: 37249125 PMCID: PMC10281552 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue patterning during embryonic development is remarkably precise. Here, we numerically determine the impact of the cell diameter, gradient length and the morphogen source on the variability of morphogen gradients. We show that the positional error increases with the gradient length relative to the size of the morphogen source, and with the square root of the cell diameter and the readout position. We provide theoretical explanations for these relationships, and show that they enable high patterning precision over developmental time for readouts that scale with expanding tissue domains, as observed in the Drosophila wing disc. Our analysis suggests that epithelial tissues generally achieve higher patterning precision with small cross-sectional cell areas. An extensive survey of measured apical cell areas shows that they are indeed small in developing tissues that are patterned by morphogen gradients. Enhanced precision may thus have led to the emergence of pseudostratification in epithelia, a phenomenon for which the evolutionary benefit had so far remained elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Adelmann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Vetter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Lou Y, Rupprecht JF, Theis S, Hiraiwa T, Saunders TE. Curvature-Induced Cell Rearrangements in Biological Tissues. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:108401. [PMID: 36962052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On a curved surface, epithelial cells can adapt to geometric constraints by tilting and by exchanging their neighbors from apical to basal sides, known as an apico-basal topological transition 1 (AB-T1). The relationship between cell tilt, AB-T1s, and tissue curvature still lacks a unified understanding. Here, we propose a general framework for cell packing in curved environments and explain the formation of AB-T1s from the perspective of strain anisotropy. We find that steep curvature gradients can lead to cell tilting and induce AB-T1s. Alternatively, pressure differences across the epithelial tissue can drive AB-T1s in regions of large curvature anisotropy. The two mechanisms compete to determine the impact of tissue geometry and mechanics on optimized cell rearrangements in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lou
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jean-Francois Rupprecht
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT (UMR 7332), Turing Centre for Living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Theis
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tetsuya Hiraiwa
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Timothy E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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8
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Sokac AM, Biel N, De Renzis S. Membrane-actin interactions in morphogenesis: Lessons learned from Drosophila cellularization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:107-122. [PMID: 35396167 PMCID: PMC9532467 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During morphogenesis, changes in the shapes of individual cells are harnessed to mold an entire tissue. These changes in cell shapes require the coupled remodeling of the plasma membrane and underlying actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we highlight cellularization of the Drosophila embryo as a model system to uncover principles of how membrane and actin dynamics are co-regulated in space and time to drive morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Sokac
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative and Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Natalie Biel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Graduate Program in Integrative and Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefano De Renzis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Doerksen A, Mulder M, Ingram S, Nelson D, Defehr J, Reimer E, Atallah J, Malagon JN. Dynamics of changes in apical cell area during sex comb rotation in Drosophila melanogaster.. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000668. [PMID: 36606080 PMCID: PMC9807460 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia are highly dynamic tissues displaying various types of tissue rearrangements (Weliky and Oster, 1990; Taylor and Adler, 2008; Harris and Tepass, 2010; Lee et al. , 2013; Firmino et al. , 2016; Rupprecht et al. , 2017). Here, we describe the dynamics of changes in apical cell area (ACA) in an epithelial system displaying tissue rearrangement resulting in sex comb rotation on the forelegs of male Drosophila melanogaster . The sex comb is a row of leg bristles which rotates during morphogenesis (Atallah, 2008; Atallah et al. , 2009; Malagon, 2013). We quantified the ACA in the region proximal to the developing sex comb by tracing apical cell boundaries using ImageJ in pupal first leg imaginal discs. We found that cells display intricate irregular oscillations in size as the comb rotates. However, the net changes in ACA within most of the cells studied are subtle, only 0 to +/-15%. Our current working hypothesis suggests these irregular oscillations confer flexibility during tissue rearrangement and can be an important mechanism for tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Mulder
- Canadian Mennonite University, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - David Nelson
- Canadian Mennonite University, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Juan Nicolas Malagon
- Canadian Mennonite University, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
,
Correspondence to: Juan Nicolas Malagon (
)
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10
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Gómez-Gálvez P, Vicente-Munuera P, Anbari S, Tagua A, Gordillo-Vázquez C, Andrés-San Román JA, Franco-Barranco D, Palacios AM, Velasco A, Capitán-Agudo C, Grima C, Annese V, Arganda-Carreras I, Robles R, Márquez A, Buceta J, Escudero LM. A quantitative biophysical principle to explain the 3D cellular connectivity in curved epithelia. Cell Syst 2022; 13:631-643.e8. [PMID: 35835108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell organization and the mechanical stability of tissues are closely related. In this context, it has been recently shown that packing optimization in bended or folded epithelia is achieved by an energy minimization mechanism that leads to a complex cellular shape: the "scutoid". Here, we focus on the relationship between this shape and the connectivity between cells. We use a combination of computational, experimental, and biophysical approaches to examine how energy drivers affect the three-dimensional (3D) packing of tubular epithelia. We propose an energy-based stochastic model that explains the 3D cellular connectivity. Then, we challenge it by experimentally reducing the cell adhesion. As a result, we observed an increment in the appearance of scutoids that correlated with a decrease in the energy barrier necessary to connect with new cells. We conclude that tubular epithelia satisfy a quantitative biophysical principle that links tissue geometry and energetics with the average cellular connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samira Anbari
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gordillo-Vázquez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A Andrés-San Román
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Franco-Barranco
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana M Palacios
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Velasco
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Capitán-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Clara Grima
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Valentina Annese
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael Robles
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Alberto Márquez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Javier Buceta
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, Paterna 46980, Spain.
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Shigeta K, Fukuyama T, Takahashi R, Beppu K, Tanaka A, Maeda YT. Collective motion of epithelial cells along a wrinkled 3D-buckled hydrogel. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20174-20181. [PMID: 35919621 PMCID: PMC9274378 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells migrate autonomously by aligning and inducing a collective motion. Controlling the collective motion of epithelial cells in geometrically confined environments is important for understanding physiological processes such as wound healing and self-organized morphogenesis. However, collective migration under a three-dimensional (3D) curved surface resembling living epithelial tissue has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the collective motion of a 3D-buckled polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel that mimics the shape of folds and wrinkles of epithelial tissue to understand the geometric effects of collective motion. We found that the velocity correlation in the space near the hydrogel boundary showed a periodic change that correlated with the wrinkled folding of the hydrogel pattern. Furthermore, the characteristic length of the velocity correlation increased proportionally with the wavelength of wrinkled folding. These observations indicated that the hydrogel pattern could steer the collective motion of epithelial cells over long distances. Our study also suggests that the wrinkled design of the hydrogel is a versatile platform for studying the geometric effect of a curved surface on complex epithelial cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Shigeta
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Riku Takahashi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa 243-0198 Japan
| | - Kazusa Beppu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Aya Tanaka
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Bio-Medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa 243-0198 Japan
| | - Yusuke T Maeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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12
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Harmand N, Dervaux J, Poulard C, Hénon S. Thickness of epithelia on wavy substrates: measurements and continuous models. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:53. [PMID: 35661937 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We measured the thickness of MDCK epithelia grown on substrates with a sinusoidal profile. We show that while at long wavelength the profile of the epithelium follows that of the substrate, at short wavelengths cells are thicker in valleys than on ridges. This is reminiscent of the so-called «healing length in the case of a thin liquid film wetting a rough solid substrate. We explore the ability of continuum mechanics models to account for these observations. Modeling the epithelium as a thin liquid film, with surface tension, does not fully account for the measurements. Neither does modeling the epithelium as a thin incompressible elastic film. On the contrary, the addition of an apical active stress gives satisfactory agreement with measurements, with one fitting parameter, the ratio between the active stress and the elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Harmand
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matiére et Systémes Complexes, UMR 7057,, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dervaux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matiére et Systémes Complexes, UMR 7057,, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Poulard
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, UMR 8502, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Hénon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matiére et Systémes Complexes, UMR 7057,, Paris, France.
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13
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Saunders TE, Telley IA. Editorial: Special Issue on Mechanics in Development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:1-2. [PMID: 34696988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Gómez HF, Dumond MS, Hodel L, Vetter R, Iber D. 3D cell neighbour dynamics in growing pseudostratified epithelia. eLife 2021; 10:e68135. [PMID: 34609280 PMCID: PMC8570695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During morphogenesis, epithelial sheets remodel into complex geometries. How cells dynamically organise their contact with neighbouring cells in these tightly packed tissues is poorly understood. We have used light-sheet microscopy of growing mouse embryonic lung explants, three-dimensional cell segmentation, and physical theory to unravel the principles behind 3D cell organisation in growing pseudostratified epithelia. We find that cells have highly irregular 3D shapes and exhibit numerous neighbour intercalations along the apical-basal axis as well as over time. Despite the fluidic nature, the cell packing configurations follow fundamental relationships previously described for apical epithelial layers, that is, Euler's polyhedron formula, Lewis' law, and Aboav-Weaire's law, at all times and across the entire tissue thickness. This arrangement minimises the lateral cell-cell surface energy for a given cross-sectional area variability, generated primarily by the distribution and movement of nuclei. We conclude that the complex 3D cell organisation in growing epithelia emerges from simple physical principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Fernando Gómez
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Mathilde Sabine Dumond
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Leonie Hodel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
| | - Roman Vetter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH ZürichBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)BaselSwitzerland
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15
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Gómez-Gálvez P, Anbari S, Escudero LM, Buceta J. Mechanics and self-organization in tissue development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:147-159. [PMID: 34417092 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization is an all-important feature of living systems that provides the means to achieve specialization and functionality at distinct spatio-temporal scales. Herein, we review this concept by addressing the packing organization of cells, the sorting/compartmentalization phenomenon of cell populations, and the propagation of organizing cues at the tissue level through traveling waves. We elaborate on how different theoretical models and tools from Topology, Physics, and Dynamical Systems have improved the understanding of self-organization by shedding light on the role played by mechanics as a driver of morphogenesis. Altogether, by providing a historical perspective, we show how ideas and hypotheses in the field have been revisited, developed, and/or rejected and what are the open questions that need to be tackled by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samira Anbari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Buceta
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Dinh HHQ, Santanach-Carreras E, Lalanne-Aulet M, Schmitt V, Panizza P, Lequeux F. Effect of a Surfactant Mixture on Coalescence Occurring in Concentrated Emulsions: The Hole Nucleation Theory Revisited. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8726-8737. [PMID: 34266236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By conducting both a bottle test and isolate drop-drop experiments, we determine the coalescence rates of water droplets within water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by a large amount of Span 80 in the presence of Tween 20, a surfactant that acts as a demulsifier. Using a microscopic model based on a theory of hole nucleation, we establish an analytical formula that quantitatively predicts the coalescence frequency per unit area of droplets whose interfaces are fully covered by surfactant molecules. Despite its simplicity and the strong assumptions made for its derivation, this formula captures our experimental findings on Span 80-stabilized emulsions as well as other results, found in the literature, remarkably well on a wide range of water-in-crude oil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy-Hong-Quan Dinh
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817, 64170 Lacq, France
- TOTAL S.A., Pôle d'Etudes et de Recherches de Lacq, BP 47, 64170 Lacq, France
| | - Enric Santanach-Carreras
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817, 64170 Lacq, France
- TOTAL S.A., Pôle d'Etudes et de Recherches de Lacq, BP 47, 64170 Lacq, France
| | - Marie Lalanne-Aulet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817, 64170 Lacq, France
| | - Véronique Schmitt
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pascal Panizza
- IPR, UMR CNRS 6251, Campus Beaulieu, Université Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7615 , 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Lequeux
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7615 , 75005 Paris, France
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17
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The early Drosophila embryo as a model system for quantitative biology. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203722. [PMID: 34298230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With the rise of new tools, from controlled genetic manipulations and optogenetics to improved microscopy, it is now possible to make clear, quantitative and reproducible measurements of biological processes. The humble fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, with its ease of genetic manipulation combined with excellent imaging accessibility, has become a major model system for performing quantitative in vivo measurements. Such measurements are driving a new wave of interest from physicists and engineers, who are developing a range of testable dynamic models of active systems to understand fundamental biological processes. The reproducibility of the early Drosophila embryo has been crucial for understanding how biological systems are robust to unavoidable noise during development. Insights from quantitative in vivo experiments in the Drosophila embryo are having an impact on our understanding of critical biological processes, such as how cells make decisions and how complex tissue shape emerges. Here, to highlight the power of using Drosophila embryogenesis for quantitative biology, I focus on three main areas: (1) formation and robustness of morphogen gradients; (2) how gene regulatory networks ensure precise boundary formation; and (3) how mechanical interactions drive packing and tissue folding. I further discuss how such data has driven advances in modelling.
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18
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Mechanical compartmentalization of the intestinal organoid enables crypt folding and collective cell migration. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:745-757. [PMID: 34155382 PMCID: PMC7611697 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids capture essential features of the intestinal epithelium such as crypt folding, cellular compartmentalization and collective movements. Each of these processes and their coordination require patterned forces that are at present unknown. Here we map three-dimensional cellular forces in mouse intestinal organoids grown on soft hydrogels. We show that these organoids exhibit a non-monotonic stress distribution that defines mechanical and functional compartments. The stem cell compartment pushes the extracellular matrix and folds through apical constriction, whereas the transit amplifying zone pulls the extracellular matrix and elongates through basal constriction. The size of the stem cell compartment depends on the extracellular-matrix stiffness and endogenous cellular forces. Computational modelling reveals that crypt shape and force distribution rely on cell surface tensions following cortical actomyosin density. Finally, cells are pulled out of the crypt along a gradient of increasing tension. Our study unveils how patterned forces enable compartmentalization, folding and collective migration in the intestinal epithelium.
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19
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Gómez-Gálvez P, Vicente-Munuera P, Anbari S, Buceta J, Escudero LM. The complex three-dimensional organization of epithelial tissues. Development 2021; 148:148/1/dev195669. [PMID: 33408064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular organization of tissues is key to developmental biology. In order to deal with this complex problem, researchers have taken advantage of reductionist approaches to reveal fundamental morphogenetic mechanisms and quantitative laws. For epithelia, their two-dimensional representation as polygonal tessellations has proved successful for understanding tissue organization. Yet, epithelial tissues bend and fold to shape organs in three dimensions. In this context, epithelial cells are too often simplified as prismatic blocks with a limited plasticity. However, there is increasing evidence that a realistic approach, even from a reductionist perspective, must include apico-basal intercalations (i.e. scutoidal cell shapes) for explaining epithelial organization convincingly. Here, we present an historical perspective about the tissue organization problem. Specifically, we analyze past and recent breakthroughs, and discuss how and why simplified, but realistic, in silico models require scutoidal features to address key morphogenetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samira Anbari
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Javier Buceta
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain .,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Development encapsulates the morphogenesis of an organism from a single fertilized cell to a functional adult. A critical part of development is the specification of organ forms. Beyond the molecular control of morphogenesis, shape in essence entails structural constraints and thus mechanics. Revisiting recent results in biophysics and development, and comparing animal and plant model systems, we derive key overarching principles behind the formation of organs across kingdoms. In particular, we highlight how growing organs are active rather than passive systems and how such behavior plays a role in shaping the organ. We discuss the importance of considering different scales in understanding how organs form. Such an integrative view of organ development generates new questions while calling for more cross-fertilization between scientific fields and model system communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, École normale supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon (UCBL), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | - T E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411; .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Proteos, Singapore 138673
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21
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Jin W, Chan HK, Zhong Z. Shape-Anisotropy-Induced Ordered Packings in Cylindrical Confinement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:248002. [PMID: 32639829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.248002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Densest possible packings of identical spheroids in cylindrical confinement have been obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. By varying the shape anisotropy of spheroids and also the cylinder-to-spheroid size ratio, a variety of densest possible crystalline structures have been discovered, including achiral structures with specific orientations of particles and chiral helical structures with rotating orientations of particles. Our findings reveal a transition between confinement-induced chiral ordering and shape-anisotropy-induced orientational ordering and would serve as a guide for the fabrication of crystalline wires using anisotropic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ho-Kei Chan
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Blackie L, Walther RF, Staddon MF, Banerjee S, Pichaud F. Cell-type-specific mechanical response and myosin dynamics during retinal lens development in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1355-1369. [PMID: 32320320 PMCID: PMC7353141 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During organogenesis, different cell types need to work together to generate functional multicellular structures. To study this process, we made use of the genetically tractable fly retina, with a focus on the mechanisms that coordinate morphogenesis between the different epithelial cell types that make up the optical lens. Our work shows that these epithelial cells present contractile apical-medial MyosinII meshworks, which control the apical area and junctional geometry of these cells during lens development. Our study also suggests that these MyosinII meshworks drive cell shape changes in response to external forces, and thus they mediate part of the biomechanical coupling that takes place between these cells. Importantly, our work, including mathematical modeling of forces and material stiffness during lens development, raises the possibility that increased cell stiffness acts as a mechanism for limiting this mechanical coupling. We propose this might be required in complex tissues, where different cell types undergo concurrent morphogenesis and where averaging out of forces across cells could compromise individual cell apical geometry and thereby organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael F Staddon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Shiladitya Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Franck Pichaud
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
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23
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24
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Gómez-Gálvez P, Vicente-Munuera P, Tagua A, Forja C, Castro AM, Letrán M, Valencia-Expósito A, Grima C, Bermúdez-Gallardo M, Serrano-Pérez-Higueras Ó, Cavodeassi F, Sotillos S, Martín-Bermudo MD, Márquez A, Buceta J, Escudero LM. Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2960. [PMID: 30054479 PMCID: PMC6063940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As animals develop, tissue bending contributes to shape the organs into complex three-dimensional structures. However, the architecture and packing of curved epithelia remains largely unknown. Here we show by means of mathematical modelling that cells in bent epithelia can undergo intercalations along the apico-basal axis. This phenomenon forces cells to have different neighbours in their basal and apical surfaces. As a consequence, epithelial cells adopt a novel shape that we term "scutoid". The detailed analysis of diverse tissues confirms that generation of apico-basal intercalations between cells is a common feature during morphogenesis. Using biophysical arguments, we propose that scutoids make possible the minimization of the tissue energy and stabilize three-dimensional packing. Hence, we conclude that scutoids are one of nature's solutions to achieve epithelial bending. Our findings pave the way to understand the three-dimensional organization of epithelial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Forja
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Letrán
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Clara Grima
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Bermúdez-Gallardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Óscar Serrano-Pérez-Higueras
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras. C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Sol Sotillos
- CABD, CSIC/JA/UPO, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Márquez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Buceta
- Bioengineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018, USA.
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018, USA.
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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