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Van Kerkhove O, Verfaillie S, Maes B, Cuppens K. The Adenosinergic Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3142. [PMID: 39335114 PMCID: PMC11430550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 have revolutionized the systemic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), achieving impressive results. However, long-term clinical benefits are only seen in a minority of patients. Extensive research is being conducted on novel potential immune checkpoints and the mechanisms underlying ICI resistance. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in modulating the immune response and influencing the efficacy of ICIs. The adenosinergic pathway and extracellular adenosine (eADO) are potential targets to improve the response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. First, this review delves into the adenosinergic pathway and the impact of adenosine within the TME. Second, we provide an overview of relevant preclinical and clinical data on molecules targeting this pathway, particularly focusing on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Kerkhove
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Saartje Verfaillie
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Maes
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences-LCRC, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kristof Cuppens
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology and Jessa & Science, Jessa Hospital, Salvatorstraat, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences-LCRC, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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2
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Yang L, Gao ZW, Wang X, Wu XN, Li SM, Dong K, Zhu XM. The different effects of four adenosine receptors in liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1424624. [PMID: 39290867 PMCID: PMC11405188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1424624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The adenosine-adenosine receptor pathway plays important roles in the immune system and inflammation. Four adenosine receptors (i.e., A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) have been identified. However, the roles of these receptors were different in the disease progress and even play opposite roles in the same disease. This study aims to investigate the roles of A1R/A2AR/A2BR/A3R activation in liver fibrosis. Methods Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 into C57BL/6 mice was used to induce liver fibrosis in the models. Adenosine receptor agonists CCPA, CGS21680, BAY 60-6583, and namodenoson were used for A1R/A2AR/A2BR/A3R activation, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were used to evaluate the liver function. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to investigate the pathological damage. Masson staining and Sirius Red staining were performed to evaluate the degree of collagen deposition. CCK8 and scratch assays were used to investigate the proliferation and migration ability of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Results By using liver fibrosis mouse models, we observed that the A1R and A2AR agonists aggravated liver fibrosis, characterized by increasing ALT and AST levels, more serious liver pathological damage, and collagen deposition. However, the A2BR and A3R agonists alleviated liver fibrosis. Moreover, the A1R and A2AR agonist treatment promotes the proliferation and migration of HSC line LX2, while A2BR and A3R agonist treatment inhibited LX2 proliferation and migration. Consistently, A1R and A2AR agonist treatment elevated the expression of α-SMA and Col1α1 in LX2, whereas A2BR and A3R agonist treatment inhibited the expression of α-SMA and Col1α1 in LX2 cells. Additionally, 5'-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a metabolically stable adenosine analog, alleviated liver fibrosis and inhibited LX2 cell activity, proliferation, and migration. Conclusion This study demonstrated the different roles of A1R/A2AR/A2BR/A3R during liver fibrosis development via regulating the HSC activity and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of clinical diagnose, Tangdu hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Gao
- Department of clinical diagnose, Tangdu hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of clinical diagnose, Tangdu hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia-Nan Wu
- Department of clinical diagnose, Tangdu hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Min Li
- Department of clinical diagnose, Tangdu hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of clinical diagnose, Tangdu hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
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3
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Chen TY, Chang YC, Yu CY, Sung WW. Targeting the Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Clinical Trial Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1127. [PMID: 39339165 PMCID: PMC11434806 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for nearly 2% of cancers diagnosed worldwide. For metastatic RCC, targeted therapy is one of the most common treatment methods. It can include approaches that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) or rely on immune checkpoint inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a type of widely distributed G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Recently, an increasing number of studies suggest that the activation of A2AR can downregulate anti-tumor immune responses and prevent tumor growth. Currently, the data on A2AR antagonists in RCC treatment are still limited. Therefore, in this article, we further investigate the clinical trials investigating A2AR drugs in RCC. We also describe the epidemiology and current treatment of RCC, along with the physiological role of A2AR, and the types of A2AR drugs that are associated with tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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4
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Martin-Quesada AI, Hennessy MA, Gutiérrez AC. Charting cancer's course: revealing the role of diet, exercise, and the microbiome in cancer evolution and immunotherapy response. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03595-1. [PMID: 39095683 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A variety of pathophysiological mechanisms exist by which physical exercise, nutrition, and the microbiome can impact the development of cancer and the response of tumor cells to systemic anti-cancer therapy. Physical exercise positively impacts the different stages of oncological disease and may improve overall survival and quality of life, reduce treatment-associated toxicity, and improve response to immunotherapy. Nutrition impacts quality of life, and novel nutritional regimens and their role in cancer treatment and outcomes are under active investigation. Finally, the microbiome may act as a predictor of response and resistance to immunotherapy. This comprehensive review delves into the interplay between these elements and their impact on oncological outcomes, emphasizing their role in modulating the immune system and enhancing the response to immunotherapy.The data that support the findings of this study are openly available and referenced in the bibliography section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Martin-Quesada
- Cell Therapy and Early Drug Development Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wang L, Garg P, Chan KY, Yuan TZ, Lujan Hernandez AG, Han Z, Peterson SM, Tuscano E, Safavi C, Kwan E, Villalta M, Mathur M, Lai J, Axelrod F, Souders CA, Emery C, Sato AK. Discovery of a potent, selective, and tumor-suppressing antibody antagonist of adenosine A2A receptor. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301223. [PMID: 38837964 PMCID: PMC11152298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
New immune checkpoints are emerging in a bid to improve response rates to immunotherapeutic drugs. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has been proposed as a target for immunotherapeutic development due to its participation in immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Blockade of A2AR could restore tumor immunity and, consequently, improve patient outcomes. Here, we describe the discovery of a potent, selective, and tumor-suppressing antibody antagonist of human A2AR (hA2AR) by phage display. We constructed and screened four single-chain variable fragment (scFv) libraries-two synthetic and two immunized-against hA2AR and antagonist-stabilized hA2AR. After biopanning and ELISA screening, scFv hits were reformatted to human IgG and triaged in a series of cellular binding and functional assays to identify a lead candidate. Lead candidate TB206-001 displayed nanomolar binding of hA2AR-overexpressing HEK293 cells; cross-reactivity with mouse and cynomolgus A2AR but not human A1, A2B, or A3 receptors; functional antagonism of hA2AR in hA2AR-overexpressing HEK293 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); and tumor-suppressing activity in colon tumor-bearing HuCD34-NCG mice. Given its therapeutic properties, TB206-001 is a good candidate for incorporation into next-generation bispecific immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linya Wang
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Gilead, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Kara Y. Chan
- Slingshot, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Z. Yuan
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Zhen Han
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Peterson
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Tuscano
- Sartorius, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Crystal Safavi
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Kwan
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mouna Villalta
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melina Mathur
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce Lai
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fumiko Axelrod
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Colby A. Souders
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chloe Emery
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron K. Sato
- Twist Bioscience, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Simmons SR, Herring SE, Tchalla EYI, Lenhard AP, Bhalla M, Bou Ghanem EN. Activating A1 adenosine receptor signaling boosts early pulmonary neutrophil recruitment in aged mice in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38840213 PMCID: PMC11151497 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia in older adults. Successful control of pneumococci requires robust pulmonary neutrophil influx early in infection. However, aging is associated with aberrant neutrophil recruitment and the mechanisms behind that are not understood. Here we explored how neutrophil recruitment following pneumococcal infection changes with age and the host pathways regulating this. RESULTS Following pneumococcal infection there was a significant delay in early neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of aged mice. Neutrophils from aged mice showed defects in trans-endothelial migration in vitro compared to young controls. To understand the pathways involved, we examined immune modulatory extracellular adenosine (EAD) signaling, that is activated upon cellular damage. Signaling through the lower affinity A2A and A2B adenosine receptors had no effect on neutrophil recruitment to infected lungs. In contrast, inhibition of the high affinity A1 receptor in young mice blunted neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following infection. A1 receptor inhibition decreased expression of CXCR2 on circulating neutrophils, which is required for trans-endothelial migration. Indeed, A1 receptor signaling on neutrophils was required for their ability to migrate across endothelial cells in response to infection. Aging was not associated with defects in EAD production or receptor expression on neutrophils. However, agonism of A1 receptor in aged mice rescued the early defect in neutrophil migration to the lungs and improved control of bacterial burden. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests age-driven defects in EAD damage signaling can be targeted to rescue the delay in pulmonary neutrophil migration in response to bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna R Simmons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sydney E Herring
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Essi Y I Tchalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexsandra P Lenhard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manmeet Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elsa N Bou Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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7
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Simmons SR, Herring SE, Tchalla EYI, Lenhard AP, Bhalla M, Bou Ghanem EN. Activating A1 adenosine receptor signaling boosts early pulmonary neutrophil recruitment in aged mice in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574741. [PMID: 38260350 PMCID: PMC10802397 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia in older adults. Successful control of pneumococci requires robust pulmonary neutrophil influx early in infection. However, aging is associated with aberrant neutrophil recruitment and the mechanisms behind that are not understood. Here we explored how neutrophil recruitment following pneumococcal infection changes with age and the host pathways regulating this. Results Following pneumococcal infection there was a significant delay in early neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of aged mice. Neutrophils from aged mice showed defects in trans-endothelial migration in vitro compared to young controls. To understand the pathways involved, we examined immune modulatory extracellular adenosine (EAD) signaling, that is activated upon cellular damage. Signaling through the lower affinity A2A and A2B adenosine receptors had no effect on neutrophil recruitment to infected lungs. In contrast, inhibition of the high affinity A1 receptor in young mice blunted neutrophil recruitment to the lungs following infection. A1 receptor inhibition decreased expression of CXCR2 on circulating neutrophils, which is required for transendothelial migration. Indeed, A1 receptor signaling on neutrophils was required for their ability to migrate across endothelial cells in response to infection. Aging was not associated with defects in EAD production or receptor expression on neutrophils. However, agonism of A1 receptor in aged mice rescued the early defect in neutrophil migration to the lungs and improved control of bacterial burden. Conclusions This study suggests age-driven defects in EAD damage signaling can be targeted to rescue the delay in pulmonary neutrophil migration in response to bacterial pneumonia.
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8
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Mahdizadeh M, Heydari N, Shafiei A, Akbari H, Jafari SM. Adenosine receptors in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:464. [PMID: 38551734 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are important in the normal physiological function of cells and the pathogenesis of various cancer cells, including breast cancer cells. The activity of adenosine receptors in cancer cells is related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune system evasion, and interference with apoptosis. Considering the different roles of adenosine receptors in cancer cells, we intend to investigate the function of adenosine receptors and their biological pathways in breast cancer to improve understanding of therapeutically relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mahdizadeh
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nadia Heydari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Shafiei
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Akbari
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Mediratta K, El-Sahli S, Marotel M, Awan MZ, Kirkby M, Salkini A, Kurdieh R, Abdisalam S, Shrestha A, Di Censo C, Sulaiman A, McGarry S, Lavoie JR, Liu Z, Lee SH, Li X, Sciumè G, D’Costa VM, Ardolino M, Wang L. Targeting CD73 with flavonoids inhibits cancer stem cells and increases lymphocyte infiltration in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366197. [PMID: 38601156 PMCID: PMC11004431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to the lack of specific targets. Given a modest response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC patients, improving immunotherapy is an urgent and crucial task in this field. CD73 has emerged as a novel immunotherapeutic target, given its elevated expression on tumor, stromal, and specific immune cells, and its established role in inhibiting anti-cancer immunity. CD73-generated adenosine suppresses immunity by attenuating tumor-infiltrating T- and NK-cell activation, while amplifying regulatory T cell activation. Chemotherapy often leads to increased CD73 expression and activity, further suppressing anti-tumor immunity. While debulking the tumor mass, chemotherapy also enriches heterogenous cancer stem cells (CSC), potentially leading to tumor relapse. Therefore, drugs targeting both CD73, and CSCs hold promise for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy, overcoming treatment resistance, and improving clinical outcomes. However, safe and effective inhibitors of CD73 have not been developed as of now. Methods We used in silico docking to screen compounds that may be repurposed for inhibiting CD73. The efficacy of these compounds was investigated through flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, CD73 activity, cell viability, tumorsphere formation, and other in vitro functional assays. For assessment of clinical translatability, TNBC patient-derived xenograft organotypic cultures were utilized. We also employed the ovalbumin-expressing AT3 TNBC mouse model to evaluate tumor-specific lymphocyte responses. Results We identified quercetin and luteolin, currently used as over-the-counter supplements, to have high in silico complementarity with CD73. When quercetin and luteolin were combined with the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel in a triple-drug regimen, we found an effective downregulation in paclitaxel-enhanced CD73 and CSC-promoting pathways YAP and Wnt. We found that CD73 expression was required for the maintenance of CD44highCD24low CSCs, and co-targeting CD73, YAP, and Wnt effectively suppressed the growth of human TNBC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft organotypic cultures. Furthermore, triple-drug combination inhibited paclitaxel-enriched CSCs and simultaneously improved lymphocyte infiltration in syngeneic TNBC mouse tumors. Discussion Conclusively, our findings elucidate the significance of CSCs in impairing anti-tumor immunity. The high efficacy of our triple-drug regimen in clinically relevant platforms not only underscores the importance for further mechanistic investigations but also paves the way for potential development of new, safe, and cost-effective therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Mediratta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara El-Sahli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Marotel
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Z. Awan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Melanie Kirkby
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ammar Salkini
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Reem Kurdieh
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salman Abdisalam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chiara Di Censo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah McGarry
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie R. Lavoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Oncology, Radiopharmaceuticals and Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Instituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Roma, Italy
| | - Vanessa M. D’Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Han T, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhou J, Miao R, Guo J, Xu Z, Xing Y, Bai Y, Hu D. Integrating bulk-RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing analyses to characterize adenosine-enriched tumor microenvironment landscape and develop an adenosine-related prognostic signature predicting immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38265702 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The adenosine-signaling axis has been recognized as an important immunomodulatory pathway in tumor immunity. However, the biological role of the adenosine-signaling axis in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Here, we quantified adenosine signaling (ado_sig) in LUAD samples using the GSVA method and assessed the prognostic value of adenosine in LUAD. Afterward, we explored the heterogeneity of the tumor-immune microenvironment at different adenosine levels. In addition, we analyzed the potential biological pathways engaged by adenosine. Next, we established single-cell transcriptional profiles of LUAD and analyzed cellular composition and cell-cell communication analysis under different adenosine microenvironments. Moreover, we established adenosine-related prognostic signatures (ARS) based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and evaluated the efficacy of ARS in predicting immunotherapy. The results demonstrated that adenosine signaling adversely impacted the survival of immune-enriched LUAD. The high-adenosine microenvironment exhibited elevated pro-tumor-immune infiltration, including M2 macrophages and displayed notably increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transformation. Furthermore, adenosine signaling displayed significant associations with the expression patterns and prognostic value of immunomodulators within the TME. Single-cell sequencing data revealed increased fibroblast occupancy and a prominent activation of the SPP1 signaling pathway in the high adenosine-signaling microenvironment. The ARS exhibited promising effectiveness in prognostication and predicting immunotherapy response in LUAD. In summary, overexpression of adenosine can cause a worsened prognosis in the LUAD with abundant immune infiltration. Moreover, increased adenosine levels are associated with pro-tumor-immune infiltration, active EMT transformation, pro-tumor angiogenesis, and other factors promoting cancer progression, which collectively contribute to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, the ARS developed in this study demonstrate high efficacy in evaluating the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Xing
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Lofrumento F, Irrera N, Licordari R, Perfetti S, Nasso E, Liotta P, Isgrò G, Garcia-Ruiz V, Squadrito F, Carerj S, Di Bella G, Micari A, Costa F. Off-Target Effects of P2Y12 Receptor Inhibitors: Focus on Early Myocardial Fibrosis Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17546. [PMID: 38139379 PMCID: PMC10743395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that, beyond their antithrombotic effects, P2Y12 receptor inhibitors may provide additional off-target effects through different mechanisms. These effects range from the preservation of endothelial barrier function to the modulation of inflammation or stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, with an impact on different cell types, including endothelial and immune cells. Many P2Y12 inhibitors have been developed, from ticlopidine, the first thienopyridine, to the more potent non-thienopyridine derivatives such as ticagrelor which may promote cardioprotective effects following myocardial infarction (MI) by inhibiting adenosine reuptake through sodium-independent equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). Adenosine may affect different molecular pathways involved in cardiac fibrosis, such as the Wnt (wingless-type)/beta (β)-catenin signaling. An early pro-fibrotic response of the epicardium and activation of cardiac fibroblasts with the involvement of Wnt1 (wingless-type family member 1)/β-catenin, are critically required for preserving cardiac function after acute ischemic cardiac injury. This review discusses molecular signaling pathways involved in cardiac fibrosis post MI, focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the off-target effect of P2Y12 receptor inhibition. A potential role of ticagrelor was speculated in the early modulation of cardiac fibrosis, thanks to its off-target effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lofrumento
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Roberto Licordari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Silvia Perfetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Enrica Nasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Paolo Liotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Giovanni Isgrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | | | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (S.P.); (E.N.); (P.L.); (G.I.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- BIOMORF Department, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Costa
- BIOMORF Department, Policlinic “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
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12
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Jing N, Zhang K, Chen X, Liu K, Wang J, Xiao L, Zhang W, Ma P, Xu P, Cheng C, Wang D, Zhao H, He Y, Ji Z, Xin Z, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Bao W, Gong Y, Fan L, Ji Y, Zhuang G, Wang Q, Dong B, Zhang P, Xue W, Gao WQ, Zhu HH. ADORA2A-driven proline synthesis triggers epigenetic reprogramming in neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancers. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168670. [PMID: 38099497 PMCID: PMC10721152 DOI: 10.1172/jci168670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lineage plasticity is one of the major causes for the failure of targeted therapies in various cancers. However, the driver and actionable drug targets in promoting cancer cell lineage plasticity are scarcely identified. Here, we found that a G protein-coupled receptor, ADORA2A, is specifically upregulated during neuroendocrine differentiation, a common form of lineage plasticity in prostate cancer and lung cancer following targeted therapies. Activation of the ADORA2A signaling rewires the proline metabolism via an ERK/MYC/PYCR cascade. Increased proline synthesis promotes deacetylases SIRT6/7-mediated deacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), and thereby biases a global transcriptional output toward a neuroendocrine lineage profile. Ablation of Adora2a in genetically engineered mouse models inhibits the development and progression of neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancers, and, intriguingly, prevents the adenocarcinoma-to-neuroendocrine phenotypic transition. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of ADORA2A profoundly represses neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancer growth in vivo. Therefore, we believe that ADORA2A can be used as a promising therapeutic target to govern the epigenetic reprogramming in neuroendocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Lingling Xiao
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Penghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Deng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Yuman He
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Zhixiang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Yujiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Wei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Yiming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Liancheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Yiyi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Baijun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, and
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13
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Ran L, Mou X, Peng Z, Li X, Li M, Xu D, Yang Z, Sun X, Yin T. ADORA2A promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through PI3K/AKT pathway activation in colorectal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19477. [PMID: 37945707 PMCID: PMC10636200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The third most often diagnosed disease globally and the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related death is colorectal cancer (CRC). Numerous human malignancies have been identified to have high expression of ADORA2A. However, it is still ambiguous about its function in CRC. RNA-seq with stable transfected SETDB1 knockdown cells was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Further, knockdown of ADORA2A in CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116 was performed with siRNA and over expression of ADORA2A in SW480 cells was conducted with plasmids. CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assay were used to detect the effects of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion after knockdown and over expression of ADORA2A. Also, apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, apoptosis-related proteins and key PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were detected using Western blotting. ADORA2A was identified after RNA-seq analysis and played an important role in CRC prognosis. ADORA2A was relatively high in SW620 and HCT116 cell lines compared to SW480 cell lines. ADORA2A knockdown in SW620 and HCT116 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while ADORA2A overexpression had the opposite effect. In addition, ADORA2A also impacted the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-9, and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, this process may include the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. ADORA2A promotes CRC progression and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. It may contribute to the management and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Ran
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Mou
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Peng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meirong Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixi Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingwang Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: Taking off on a new plane. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189005. [PMID: 37913941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As a new pillar of cancer therapy, tumor immunotherapy has brought irreplaceable durable responses in tumors. Considering its low response rate, additional immune regulatory mechanisms will be critical for the development of next-generation immune therapeutics. As a key regulatory mechanism, adenosine (ADO) protects tissues from excessive immune responses, but as a metabolite highly concentrated in tumor microenvironments, extracellular adenosine acts on adenosine receptors (mainly A2A receptors) expressed on MDSCs, Tregs, NK cells, effector T cells, DCs, and macrophages to promote tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting the immune response. Amounting preclinical studies have demonstrated the adenosine pathway as a novel checkpoint for immunotherapy. Large number of adenosine pathway targeting clinical trials are now underway, including antibodies against CD39 and CD73 as well as A2A receptor inhibitors. There has been evidence of antitumor efficacy of these inhibitors in early clinical trials among a variety of tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, etc. As more clinical trial results are published, the combination of blockade of this pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, traditional chemotherapy medications, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy will provide cancer patients with better clinical outcomes. We would elaborate on the role of CD39-CD73-A2AR pathway in the contribution of tumor microenvironment and the targeting of the adenosinergic pathway for cancer therapy in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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15
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Zohair B, Chraa D, Rezouki I, Benthami H, Razzouki I, Elkarroumi M, Olive D, Karkouri M, Badou A. The immune checkpoint adenosine 2A receptor is associated with aggressive clinical outcomes and reflects an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in human breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201632. [PMID: 37753093 PMCID: PMC10518422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The crosstalk between the immune system and cancer cells has aroused considerable interest over the past decades. To escape immune surveillance cancer cells evolve various strategies orchestrating tumor microenvironment. The discovery of the inhibitory immune checkpoints was a major breakthrough due to their crucial contribution to immune evasion. The A2AR receptor represents one of the most essential pathways within the TME. It is involved in several processes such as hypoxia, tumor progression, and chemoresistance. However, its clinical and immunological significance in human breast cancer remains elusive. Methods The mRNA expression and protein analysis were performed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to estimate Kaplan-Meier analysis for overall survival. Using large-scale microarray data (METABRIC), digital cytometry was conducted to estimate cell abundance. Analysis was performed using RStudio software (7.8 + 2023.03.0) with EPIC, CIBERSORT, and ImmuneCellAI algorithms. Tumor purity, stromal and immune scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE computational method. Finally, analysis of gene set enrichment (GSEA) and the TISCH2 scRNA-seq database were carried out. Results Gene and protein analysis showed that A2AR was overexpressed in breast tumors and was significantly associated with high grade, elevated Ki-67, aggressive molecular and histological subtypes, as well as poor survival. On tumor infiltrating immune cells, A2AR was found to correlate positively with PD-1 and negatively with CTLA-4. On the other hand, our findings disclosed more profuse infiltration of protumoral cells such as M0 and M2 macrophages, Tregs, endothelial and exhausted CD8+ T cells within A2ARhigh tumors. According to the Single-Cell database, A2AR is expressed in malignant, stromal and immune cells. Moreover, it is related to tumor purity, stromal and immune scores. Our results also revealed that CD8+T cells from A2ARhigh patients exhibited an exhausted functional profile. Finally, GSEA analysis highlighted the association of A2AR with biological mechanisms involved in tumor escape and progression. Conclusion The present study is the first to elucidate the clinical and immunological relevance of A2AR in breast cancer patients. In light of these findings, A2AR could be deemed a promising therapeutic target to overcome immune evasion prevailing within the TME of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Zohair
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Dounia Chraa
- Team Immunity and Cancer, The Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, 41068, CNRS, UMR7258, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Ibtissam Rezouki
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hamza Benthami
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam Razzouki
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Elkarroumi
- Mohamed VI Oncology Center, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, The Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, 41068, CNRS, UMR7258, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory (LIGEP), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research & Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
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16
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Fiorilla I, Martinotti S, Todesco AM, Bonsignore G, Cavaletto M, Patrone M, Ranzato E, Audrito V. Chronic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Plasticity: Three Players Driving the Pro-Tumorigenic Microenvironment in Malignant Mesothelioma. Cells 2023; 12:2048. [PMID: 37626858 PMCID: PMC10453755 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a lethal and rare cancer, even if its incidence has continuously increased all over the world. Asbestos exposure leads to the development of mesothelioma through multiple mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and persistent aberrant signaling. Together, these processes, over the years, force normal mesothelial cells' transformation. Chronic inflammation supported by "frustrated" macrophages exposed to asbestos fibers is also boosted by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, damage-associated molecular proteins (DAMPs), and the generation of ROS. In addition, the hypoxic microenvironment influences MPM and immune cells' features, leading to a significant rewiring of metabolism and phenotypic plasticity, thereby supporting tumor aggressiveness and modulating infiltrating immune cell responses. This review provides an overview of the complex tumor-host interactions within the MPM tumor microenvironment at different levels, i.e., soluble factors, metabolic crosstalk, and oxidative stress, and explains how these players supporting tumor transformation and progression may become potential and novel therapeutic targets in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fiorilla
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simona Martinotti
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Todesco
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bonsignore
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition (DISSTE), University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Mauro Patrone
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elia Ranzato
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (S.M.); (A.M.T.); (G.B.); (M.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation (DAIRI), Public Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera “SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Guo M, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang X, Gao Q, Tang C, Deng J, Xiong Z, Kong X, Guan Y, Zhou J, Boison D, Luan G, Li T. Aberrant adenosine signaling in patients with focal cortical dysplasia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4396-4417. [PMID: 37103687 PMCID: PMC10330374 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a common malformation of cortical development, is frequently associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy in both children and adults. Adenosine is an inhibitory modulator of brain activity and a prospective anti-seizure agent with potential for clinical translation. Our previous results demonstrated that the major adenosine-metabolizing enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK) was upregulated in balloon cells (BCs) within FCD type IIB lesions, suggesting that dysfunction of the adenosine system is implicated in the pathophysiology of FCD. In our current study, we therefore performed a comprehensive analysis of adenosine signaling in surgically resected cortical specimens from patients with FCD type I and type II via immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis. Adenosine enzyme signaling was assessed by quantifying the levels of the key enzymes of adenosine metabolism, i.e., ADK, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Adenosine receptor signaling was assessed by quantifying the levels of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and putative downstream mediators of adenosine, namely, glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Within lesions in FCD specimens, we found that the adenosine-metabolizing enzymes ADK and ADA, as well as the adenosine-producing enzyme CD73, were upregulated. We also observed an increase in A2AR density, as well as a decrease in GLT-1 levels and an increase in mTOR levels, in FCD specimens compared with control tissue. These results suggest that dysregulation of the adenosine system is a common pathologic feature of both FCD type I and type II. The adenosine system might therefore be a therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy associated with FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Guo
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiongfei Wang
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chongyang Tang
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhonghua Xiong
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiangru Kong
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuguang Guan
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson & New Jersey Medical Schools, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Guoming Luan
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Zhang J, Xu HX, Wu YL, Cho WCS, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Synergistic Anti-Tumor Effect of Toosendanin and Paclitaxel on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Regulating ADORA2A-EMT Related Signaling. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300062. [PMID: 37401656 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer with very poor prognosis. Combination therapy has proven to be a promising strategy for enhancing TNBC treatment efficacy. Toosendanin (TSN), a plant-derived triterpenoid, has shown pleiotropic effects against a variety of tumors. Herein, it is evaluated whether TSN can enhance the efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX), a common chemotherapeutic agent, against TNBC. It is found that TSN and PTX synergistically suppress the proliferation of TNBC cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and BT-549, and the combined treatment also inhibits the colony formation and induces cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this combination shows more marked migratory inhibition when compared to PTX alone. Mechanistic study shows that the ADORA2A pathway in TNBC is down-regulated by the combination treatment via mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, the combined treatment of TSN and PTX significantly attenuates the tumor growth when compared to PTX monotherapy in a mouse model bearing 4T1 tumor. The results suggest that combination of TSN and PTX is superior to PTX alone, suggesting that it may be a promising alternative adjuvant chemotherapy strategy for patients with TNBC, especially those with metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Lin Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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Tang T, Huang X, Lu M, Zhang G, Han X, Liang T. Transcriptional control of pancreatic cancer immunosuppression by metabolic enzyme CD73 in a tumor-autonomous and -autocrine manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3364. [PMID: 37291128 PMCID: PMC10250326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Aberrant expression of CD73, a critical enzyme in ATP metabolism, on the cell surface results in the extracellular accumulation of adenosine, which exhibits direct inhibitory effects on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, little is known about the influence of CD73 on negative immune regulation-associated signaling molecules and transduction pathways inside tumor cells. This study aims to demonstrate the moonlighting functions of CD73 in immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer, an ideal model characterized by complex crosstalk among cancer metabolism, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapeutic resistance. The synergistic effect of CD73-specific drugs in combination with immune checkpoint blockade is observed in multiple pancreatic cancer models. Cytometry by time-of-flight analysis shows that CD73 inhibition reduces tumor-infiltrating Tregs in pancreatic cancer. Tumor cell-autonomous CD73 is found to facilitate Treg recruitment, in which CCL5 is identified as a significant downstream effector of CD73 using integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. CD73 transcriptionally upregulates CCL5 through tumor cell-autocrine adenosine-Adora2a signaling-mediated activation of the p38-STAT1 axis, recruiting Tregs to pancreatic tumors and causing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Together, this study highlights that CD73-adenosine metabolism transcriptionally controls pancreatic cancer immunosuppression in a tumor-autonomous and -autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minghao Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Gutknecht da Silva JL, Passos DF, Cabral FL, Miron VV, Schetinger MRC, Cardoso AA, Dal Piva CH, Gomes CO, Ebone RS, Leal DBR. Istradefylline induces A2A/P2X7 crosstalk expression inducing pro-inflammatory signal, and reduces AKT/mTOR signaling in melanoma-bearing mice. Med Oncol 2023; 40:178. [PMID: 37188995 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP and adenosine (ADO) are critical players in the context of cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, the signaling dependent on these molecules, and immune cells, is regulated by an enzymatic chain and purinergic receptors called purinome. Primarily, the A2A receptor (A2AR) has a pro-tumor action since it reduces the immune response and favors the growth of malignant melanoma. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the effects of A2AR antagonism with Istradefylline (IST) on the purinergic signaling profile of the melanoma tumor and immunological compartments. We observed reduced tumor growth of melanoma in IST-treated animals. IST inhibited AKT/mTOR pathway, which is involved with tumor growth. In the tumor, spleen, and thymus, the modulation of purinergic enzymes (CD39, CD73, and E-ADA) characterized a pro-inflammatory profile since it favored increased extracellular concentrations of ATP to the detriment of ADO. A2AR inhibition generated a compensatory feedback process with increased A2AR expression at the tumor level. However, there was also an increase in the expression of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which culminated in an increase in pro-inflammatory pathways with the release of IL-1β and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Our data evidence the cross-involvement between expression and action of the A2AR and P2X7R. We suggest that IST is a promising drug for off-label use in cancer since it promotes an anti-tumoral response by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and blocking of AKT/mTOR tumor growth pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa V Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrieli A Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camile H Dal Piva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan S Ebone
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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21
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Ye H, Zhao J, Xu X, Zhang D, Shen H, Wang S. Role of adenosine A2a receptor in cancers and autoimmune diseases. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e826. [PMID: 37102661 PMCID: PMC10091380 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are P1 class of purinergic receptors that belong to G protein-coupled receptors. There are 4 subtypes of adenosine receptors, namely A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A2AR has a high affinity for the ligand adenosine. Under pathological conditions or external stimuli, ATP is sequentially hydrolyzed to adenosine by CD39 and CD73. The combination of adenosine and A2AR can increase the concentration of cAMP and activate a series of downstream signaling pathways, and further playing the role of immunosuppression and promotion of tumor invasion. A2AR is expressed to some extent on various immune cells, where it is abnormally expressed on immune cells in cancers and autoimmune diseases. A2AR expression also correlates with disease progression. Inhibitors and agonists of A2AR may be potential new strategies for treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. We herein briefly reviewed the expression and distribution of A2AR, adenosine/A2AR signaling pathway, expression, and potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Junqi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Xuejing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP.R. China
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22
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Karami Fath M, Garousi S, Mottahedi M, Ghasemzadeh N, Salmani K, Olfati F, Beit Saeed M, Sotoudeh S, Barati G. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in breast cancer stem cell specification. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154349. [PMID: 36791562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumor is heterogeneous cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Despite new efforts to reduce the breast cancer implications, the number of newly diagnosed cases is increasing worldwide. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the implication of cancers including breast cancer. Although CSCs compose a small population in tumor bulks, they play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. These events are mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway which regulates the transcription of genes involved in CSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which hypoxia- or chemotherapy-induced HIFs promote breast CSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Kiana Salmani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Olfati
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miad Beit Saeed
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sina Sotoudeh
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
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23
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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25
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Kang C, Liu L, Wu C, Li L, Jia X, Xie W, Chen S, Wu X, Zheng H, Liu J, Li R, Zeng B. The adenosinergic machinery in cancer: In-tandem insights from basic mechanisms to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111369. [PMID: 36911717 PMCID: PMC9995374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine (eADO) signaling has emerged as an increasingly important regulator of immune responses, including tumor immunity. eADO is mainly produced from extracellular ATP (eATP) hydrolysis. eATP is rapidly accumulated in the extracellular space following cell death or cellular stress triggered by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, or inflammation. eATP plays a pro-inflammatory role by binding and activating the P2 purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y), while eADO has been reported in many studies to mediate immunosuppression by activating the P1 purinergic receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) in diverse immune cells. Consequently, the hydrolysis of eATP to eADO alters the immunosurveillance in the tumor microenvironment (TME) not only by reducing eATP levels but also by enhancing adenosine receptor signaling. The effects of both P1 and P2 purinergic receptors are not restricted to immune cells. Here we review the most up-to-date understanding of the tumor adenosinergic system in all cell types, including immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells in TME. The potential novel directions of future adenosinergic therapies in immuno-oncology will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyu Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wendi Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaxiao Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongsong Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Wang J, Du L, Chen X. Adenosine signaling: Optimal target for gastric cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027838. [PMID: 36189223 PMCID: PMC9523428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancy and leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to asymptomatic or only nonspecific early symptoms, GC patients are usually in the advanced stage at first diagnosis and miss the best opportunity of treatment. Immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have dramatically changed the landscape of available treatment options for advanced-stage cancer patients. However, with regards to existing ICIs, the clinical benefit of monotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is quite limited. Therefore, it is urgent to explore an optimal target for the treatment of GC. In this review, we summarize the expression profiles and prognostic value of 20 common immune checkpoint-related genes in GC from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, and then find that the adenosinergic pathway plays an indispensable role in the occurrence and development of GC. Moreover, we discuss the pathophysiological function of adenosinergic pathway in cancers. The accumulation of extracellular adenosine inhibits the normal function of immune effector cells and facilitate the effect of immunosuppressive cells to foster GC cells proliferation and migration. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic-targeting therapies for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- School of the 1St Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangjian Chen, ; Linyong Du,
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- School of the 1St Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangjian Chen, ; Linyong Du,
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27
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Aria H, Rezaei M, Nazem S, Daraei A, Nikfar G, Mansoori B, Bahmanyar M, Tavassoli A, Vakil MK, Mansoori Y. Purinergic receptors are a key bottleneck in tumor metabolic reprogramming: The prime suspect in cancer therapeutic resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947885. [PMID: 36072596 PMCID: PMC9444135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and other nucleoside phosphates have specific receptors named purinergic receptors. Purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases regulate various signaling pathways that play a role in physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a higher level than in normal tissues and plays a role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we investigated the role of purinergic receptors in the development of resistance to therapy through changes in tumor cell metabolism. When a cell transforms to neoplasia, its metabolic processes change. The metabolic reprogramming modified metabolic feature of the TME, that can cause impeding immune surveillance and promote cancer growth. The purinergic receptors contribute to therapy resistance by modifying cancer cells' glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Limiting the energy supply of cancer cells is one approach to overcoming resistance. Glycolysis inhibitors which reduce intracellular ATP levels may make cancer cells more susceptible to anti-cancer therapies. The loss of the P2X7R through glucose intolerance and decreased fatty acid metabolism reduces therapeutic resistance. Potential metabolic blockers that can be employed in combination with other therapies will aid in the discovery of new anti-cancer immunotherapy to overcome therapy resistance. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that are considered to inhibit cancer cell metabolism and purinergic receptors simultaneously can potentially reduce resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Nazem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ghasem Nikfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnam Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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28
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[Blocking Adenosine/A2AR Pathway for Cancer Therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:460-467. [PMID: 35899442 PMCID: PMC9346148 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a metabolite produced abundantly in the tumor microenvironment, dampening immune response in inflamed tissues via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) which is widely expressed on immune cells, inhibiting anti-tumor immune response accordingly. Therefore, blocking adenosine signaling pathway is of potential to promote anti-tumor immunity. This review briefly introduces adenosine signaling pathway, describes its role in regulating tumor immunity and highlights A2AR blockade in cancer therapy. Prospective anti-tumor activity of adenosine/A2AR inhibition has been revealed by preclinical data, and a number of clinical trials of A2AR antagonists are under way. Primary results from clinical trials suggest that A2AR antagonists are well tolerated in cancer patients and are effective both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapies. In the future, finding predictive biomarkers are critical to identify patients most likely to benefit from adenosine pathway blockade, and further researches are needed to rationally combine A2AR antagonists with other anti-tumor therapies.
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29
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Ticagrelor Protects against Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through an Adenosine Receptor-Dependent Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:505-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu D, Zang J, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Li Y, He R, Ruan S, Dong H, Gu J, Yang Y, Cheng Q, Li Y. Targeting the Negative Feedback of Adenosine-A2AR Metabolic Pathway by a Tailored Nanoinhibitor for Photothermal Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104182. [PMID: 35306759 PMCID: PMC9108638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The metabolite adenosine plays an important immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) through its ligation with the metabolic checkpoint adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR). Here, an adenosine-A2AR negative feedback pathway is highlighted during photothermal-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). Adenosine, hydrolyzed from ATP, is amplified during the photothermal-induced ICD process. It is possible to achieve a robust ICD-based immunotherapy via targeting the adenosine-A2AR metabolic pathway. In this regard, an A2AR inhibitor-loaded polydopamine nanocarrier masked by an acid-sensitive PEG shell is designed to enable tumor-specific delivery and photothermal-induced ICD simultaneously. Upon reaching the acidic TME, the PEG shell selectively detaches and exposes the adhesive polydopamine layer, causing the inhibitors to accumulate at the tumor tissue. The accumulated inhibitors attenuate adenosine's metabolically suppressive effect and strengthen the ICD immune response. It occurs through promoting dendritic cell (DC) activation, increasing CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and reducing the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population. Furthermore, this synergistic therapy significantly regresses the primary tumor, inhibits distal tumor growth, and prevents lung metastasis. The study highlights a strategy to enhance the immunotherapy efficacy of ICD by blocking the metabolic checkpoint A2AR using advanced nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Dailin Xu
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Jie Zang
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yuge Zhao
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Ruiqing He
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Shuangrong Ruan
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Jingjing Gu
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yan Yang
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of acousticsSchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano ScienceSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
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31
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Chen C, Bao H, Lin W, Chen X, Huang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Liu J, Lv X, Teng L. ASF1b is a novel prognostic predictor associated with cell cycle signaling pathway in gastric cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:1985-2000. [PMID: 35399734 PMCID: PMC8990430 DOI: 10.7150/jca.69544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor outcomes. Identification of new therapeutic targets is urgently needed. Accumulating evidence has shown that anti-silencing function 1b (ASF1b) contributes to the progression in multiple cancer types. However, detailed mechanisms of ASF1b tumorigenesis in gastric cancer remain elusive. This study showed that ASF1b was upregulated in GC tissues and remarkably correlated with TNM stage, histological grade and poor prognosis of GC. We induced down and up-regulation of ASF1b in GC cell lines and monitored the changes in their biological behavior. Furthermore, loss of ASF1b was efficient to suppress subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in vivo. We demonstrate that ASF1b is involved in regulation of cell cycle and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling through experiments and database analysis. Mechanistically, ASF1b promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Taken together, this study highlights the role of ASF1b, which provided new insights into the underlying mechanism of progression and metastasis in GC for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haili Bao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wu Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiangliu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiadong Lv
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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32
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PD-1 blockade enhances chemotherapy toxicity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3259. [PMID: 35228614 PMCID: PMC8885636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy upregulates immune checkpoint (IC) expression on the surface of tumour cells and IC-intrinsic signalling confers a survival advantage against chemotherapy in several cancer-types including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, the signalling pathways mediating chemotherapy-induced IC upregulation and the mechanisms employed by ICs to protect OAC cells against chemotherapy remain unknown. Longitudinal profiling revealed that FLOT-induced IC upregulation on OE33 OAC cells was sustained for up to 3 weeks post-treatment, returning to baseline upon complete tumour cell recovery. Pro-survival MEK signalling mediated FLOT-induced upregulation of PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and A2aR on OAC cells promoting a more immune-resistant phenotype. Single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade decreased OAC cell viability, proliferation and mediated apoptosis. Mechanistic insights demonstrated that blockade of the PD-1 axis decreased stem-like marker ALDH and expression of DNA repair genes. Importantly, combining single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade with FLOT enhanced cytotoxicity in OAC cells. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into the immune-independent functions of IC-intrinsic signalling in OAC cells with important clinical implications for boosting the efficacy of the first-line FLOT chemotherapy regimen in OAC in combination with ICB, to not only boost anti-tumour immunity but also to suppress IC-mediated promotion of key hallmarks of cancer that drive tumour progression.
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33
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Liu G, Yang S, Liu Y, Xu Y, Qiu H, Sun J, Song J, Shi L. The adenosine-A2a receptor regulates the radioresistance of gastric cancer via PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:911-920. [PMID: 35122587 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is a key strategy in gastric cancer (GC) treatment. However, radioresistance remains a serious concern. It is unclear whether the accumulation of adenosine A2a receptor (ADO-A2aR) is related to radioresistance in GC. In this study, the molecular role of ADO-A2aR in GC radioresistance was investigated. METHODS Colony formation assays were used to assess the role of ADO-A2aR on radioresistance. GC stem cell surface marker expression (including Nanog, OCT-4, SOX-2 and CD44) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway associated protein levels (including phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated mTOR) were determined via western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. In addition, the role of ADO-A2aR on radioresistance was explored in vivo using murine xenograft models. RESULTS ADO-A2aR regulated GC cell stemness both in vitro and in vivo. This was shown to induce radioresistance in GC. ADO-A2aR was revealed to significantly induce cell cycle arrest and promote GC cell apoptosis. These activities were closely linked to activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION This study identified that ADO enhances GC cell stemness via interaction with A2aR and subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Ultimately, this resulted in radioresistance. A2aR is a potential target to improve GC radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song Yang
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumei Xu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Song
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Linsen Shi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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34
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Bin YL, Hu HS, Tian F, Wen ZH, Yang MF, Wu BH, Wang LS, Yao J, Li DF. Metabolic Reprogramming in Gastric Cancer: Trojan Horse Effect. Front Oncol 2022; 11:745209. [PMID: 35096565 PMCID: PMC8790521 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most common cancer for incidence and the third leading cause of death in developed countries. Despite the development of combination chemotherapies, the survival rates of GC patients remain unsatisfactory. The reprogramming of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, especially increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis. In the present review, we summarized current evidence on how metabolic reprogramming in GC targets the tumor microenvironment, modulates metabolic networks and overcomes drug resistance. Preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of metabolic reprogramming targeted agents and conventional chemotherapeutics or molecularly targeted treatments [including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and HER2] and the value of biomarkers are examined. This deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying successful pharmacological combinations is crucial in finding the best-personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Bin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Sai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, ZhuZhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ben-Hua Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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35
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Pei J, Velu P, Zareian M, Feng Z, Vijayalakshmi A. Effects of Syringic Acid on Apoptosis, Inflammation, and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 8:788929. [PMID: 34970579 PMCID: PMC8712439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.788929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer and deadly disease worldwide. Despite substantial advances made in the treatment of gastric cancer, existing therapies still encounter bottlenecks. Chemotherapy, for instance, could lead to serious side effects, high drug resistance and treatment failure. Phytochemical-derived compounds from plants offer novel strategies as potent drug molecules in cancer therapy. Given the low toxicity and higher tolerance rate of naturally occurring compounds, the present study evaluated the effects of syringic acid on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in gastric cancer cell line (AGS). AGS cells were treated with various concentrations (5-40 μg/mL) of syringic acid for 24 h, after which cytotoxicity was analyzed. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, Δψ m), cell morphologies, the expression of apoptotic markers and protein expression patterns were also investigated. Results indicated that syringic acid-treated cells developed anti-cancer activities by losing MMP, cell viability, and enhancing intracellular ROS. Syringic acid selectively developed apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner via enhanced regulation of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase (PARP) whereas decreasing the expression levels of p53 and BCL-2. Syringic acid also lowered activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) whereas Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) increased. Syringic acid suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation, inflammation, and induced apoptosis by upregulating mTOR via AKT signaling pathway. The study suggests syringic acid may constitute a promising chemotherapeutic candidate for gastric cancer treatment. Our study is the first report on the anti-cancer effects of syringic acid against gastric cancer cells via apoptosis, inhibition of inflammation, and the suppression of the mTOR/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Pei
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Periyannan Velu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Mohsen Zareian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zili Feng
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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Lee SW, Kim SM, Hur W, Kang BY, Lee HL, Nam H, Yoo SH, Sung PS, Kwon JH, Jang JW, Kim SJ, Yoon SK. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate directly ameliorates liver fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261067. [PMID: 34879114 PMCID: PMC8654182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antifibrotic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis has not been developed so far. Long term treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients with antiviral drugs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) results in the regression of liver fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the direct impact of TDF and ETV on liver fibrosis. Methods Activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cell lines were used to evaluate the effects of TDF and ETV. After treatment with each antiviral agent, cell viability, morphology, apoptotic features, autophagy and antifibrosis signalling pathways were examined. Then, collagen deposition, fibrosis markers and activated HSCs were measured in liver tissues of the liver fibrosis model mice. Results After TDF treatment, the viabilities of LX2 and HSC-T6 cells were decreased, and the cells exhibited apoptotic features, but ETV did not induce these effects. Cleavage of PARP and Caspase-3 and the inhibition of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-xl indicated activated HSC apoptosis following TDF treatment. TDF simultaneously increased autophagy, which also regulated apoptosis through crosstalk. TDF inactivated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, which was associated with the activation of both apoptosis and autophagy. In the liver fibrosis mouse model, the fibrotic area and activated HSC markers were decreased by TDF but not ETV treatment. Additionally, apoptotic cells were concentrated in the periportal fibrotic area after TDF treatment, which indicated the specific antifibrotic effect of TDF. Conclusions TDF directly ameliorates liver fibrosis by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, which results in the apoptosis of activated HSCs. The antifibrotic effects of TDF indicate that it may be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Kang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Lim Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechul Nam
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hong Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kwon
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University Liver Research Centre, POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kotulová J, Hajdúch M, Džubák P. Current Adenosinergic Therapies: What Do Cancer Cells Stand to Gain and Lose? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12569. [PMID: 34830449 PMCID: PMC8617980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key objective in immuno-oncology is to reactivate the dormant immune system and increase tumour immunogenicity. Adenosine is an omnipresent purine that is formed in response to stress stimuli in order to restore physiological balance, mainly via anti-inflammatory, tissue-protective, and anti-nociceptive mechanisms. Adenosine overproduction occurs in all stages of tumorigenesis, from the initial inflammation/local tissue damage to the precancerous niche and the developed tumour, making the adenosinergic pathway an attractive but challenging therapeutic target. Many current efforts in immuno-oncology are focused on restoring immunosurveillance, largely by blocking adenosine-producing enzymes in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and adenosine receptors on immune cells either alone or combined with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. However, the effects of adenosinergic immunotherapy are not restricted to immune cells; other cells in the TME including cancer and stromal cells are also affected. Here we summarise recent advancements in the understanding of the tumour adenosinergic system and highlight the impact of current and prospective immunomodulatory therapies on other cell types within the TME, focusing on adenosine receptors in tumour cells. In addition, we evaluate the structure- and context-related limitations of targeting this pathway and highlight avenues that could possibly be exploited in future adenosinergic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.)
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Alvarez CL, Troncoso MF, Espelt MV. Extracellular ATP and adenosine in tumor microenvironment: Roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and invasion. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:389-400. [PMID: 34514618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Under nonpathological conditions, the extracellular nucleotide concentration remains constant and low (nM range) because of a close balance between ATP release and ATP consumption. This balance is completely altered in cancer disease. Adenine and uridine nucleotides are found in the extracellular space of tumors in high millimolar (mM) concentrations acting as extracellular signaling molecules. In general, although uridine nucleotides may be involved in different tumor cell responses, purinergic signaling in cancer is preferentially focused on adenine nucleotides and nucleosides. Extracellular ATP can bind to specific receptors (P receptors) triggering different responses, or it can be hydrolyzed by ectoenzymes bound to cell membranes to render the final product adenosine. The latter pathway plays an important role in the increase of adenosine in tumor microenvironment. In this study, we will focus on extracellular ATP and adenosine, their effects acting as ligands of specific receptors, activating ectoenzymes, and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion in cancer cells. Finding the roles that these nucleotides play in tumor microenvironment may be important to design new intervention strategies in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora L Alvarez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reyna-Jeldes M, Díaz-Muñoz M, Madariaga JA, Coddou C, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Autocrine and paracrine purinergic signaling in the most lethal types of cancer. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:345-370. [PMID: 33982134 PMCID: PMC8410929 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer comprises a collection of diseases that occur in almost any tissue and it is characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that results in tumor formation and propagation to other tissues, causing tissue and organ malfunction and death. Despite the undeniable improvement in cancer diagnostics and therapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and preventive strategies with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. In this context, purinergic signaling emerges as an interesting candidate as a cancer biomarker or therapeutic target. There is abundant evidence that tumor cells have significant changes in the expression of purinergic receptors, which comprise the G-protein coupled P2Y and AdoR families of receptors and the ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors. Tumor cells also exhibit changes in the expression of nucleotidases and other enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, and the concentrations of extracellular nucleotides are significantly higher than those observed in normal cells. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of purinergic signaling in the ten most lethal cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, prostate, cervical, esophagus, pancreas, and ovary), which together are responsible for more than 5 million annual deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - J A Madariaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - C Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile.
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
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Hallaj S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Arasteh A, Ghorbani A, Lee D, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Adenosine: The common target between cancer immunotherapy and glaucoma in the eye. Life Sci 2021; 282:119796. [PMID: 34245774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, is a well-known actor of the immune system and the inflammatory response both in physiologic and pathologic conditions. By acting upon particular, G-protein coupled adenosine receptors, i.e., A1, A2- a & b, and A3 receptors mediate a variety of intracellular and immunomodulatory actions. Several studies have elucidated Adenosine's effect and its up-and downstream molecules and enzymes on the anti-tumor response against several types of cancers. We have also targeted a couple of molecules to manipulate this pathway and get the immune system's desired response in our previous experiences. Besides, the outgrowth of the studies on ocular Adenosine in recent years has significantly enhanced the knowledge about Adenosine and its role in ocular immunology and the inflammatory response of the eye. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally, and the recent application of Adenosine and its derivatives has shown the critical role of the adenosine pathway in its pathophysiology. However, despite a very promising background, the phase III clinical trial of Trabodenoson failed to achieve the non-inferiority goals of the study. In this review, we discuss different aspects of the abovementioned pathway in ophthalmology and ocular immunology; following a brief evaluation of the current immunotherapeutic strategies, we try to elucidate the links between cancer immunotherapy and glaucoma in order to introduce novel therapeutic targets for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Hallaj
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Amin Arasteh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anahita Ghorbani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daniel Lee
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Pawlak D. Not Only Immune Escape-The Confusing Role of the TRP Metabolic Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2667. [PMID: 34071442 PMCID: PMC8198784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently discovered phenomenon that cancer cells can avoid immune response has gained scientists' interest. One of the pathways involved in this process is tryptophan (TRP) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP). Individual components involved in TRP conversion seem to contribute to cancerogenesis both through a direct impact on cancer cells and the modulation of immune cell functionality. Due to this fact, this pathway may serve as a target for immunotherapy and attempts are being made to create novel compounds effective in cancer treatment. However, the results obtained from clinical trials are not satisfactory, which raises questions about the exact role of KP elements in tumorigenesis. An increasing number of experiments reveal that TRP metabolites may either be tumor promoters and suppressors and this is why further research in this field is highly needed. The aim of this study is to present KP as a modulator of cancer development through multiple mechanisms and to point to its ambiguity, which may be a reason for failures in treatment based on the inhibition of tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
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Increased Extracellular Adenosine in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Tumor Progression through A2AR-Akt-β-Catenin Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092105. [PMID: 33925516 PMCID: PMC8123845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our previous study, purinergic P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) activation by ATP was found to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis by regulating various responses in cancer cells and modulating crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells (ECs). Therefore, we expected that P2Y2R would play a critical role in radioresistance and enhanced tumor progression in radioresistant triple-negative breast cancer (RT-R-TNBC). However, interestingly, P2Y2R expression was slightly decreased in RT-R-TNBC cells, while the expression of A2AR was significantly increased both in RT-R-TNBC cells and in tumor tissues, especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues of breast cancer (BC) patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and its signaling pathway in the progression of RT-R-TNBC. The results reveal for the first time the role of A2AR in the progression and metastasis of RT-R-BC cells and suggest that the adenosine (ADO)-activated intracellular A2AR signaling pathway is linked to the AKT-β-catenin pathway to regulate RT-R-BC cell invasiveness and metastasis. Abstract Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells. The expression of A2AR, but not A2BR, is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, especially TNBC tissues, compared to normal epithelial tissues. Therefore, we further investigated the role of ADO-activated A2AR and its signaling pathway in the progression of RT-R-TNBC. ADO treatment induced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, which were enhanced in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in an A2AR-dependent manner. A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then β-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection. In an in vivo animal study, compared to 4T1-injected mice, RT-R-4T1-injected mice exhibited significantly increased tumor growth and lung metastasis, which were decreased by A2AR-knockdown. The upregulation of phospho-AKT, β-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression in mice injected with RT-R-4T1 cells was also attenuated in mice injected with RT-R-4T1-A2AR-shRNA cells. These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-β-catenin pathway.
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Davern M, Donlon NE, Sheppard A, Connell FO, Hayes C, Bhardwaj A, Foley E, Toole DO, Lynam-Lennon N, Ravi N, Reynolds JV, Maher SG, Lysaght J. Chemotherapy regimens induce inhibitory immune checkpoint protein expression on stem-like and senescent-like oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101062. [PMID: 33765543 PMCID: PMC8008239 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OAC cells express several inhibitory immune checkpoint (IC) ligands and receptors. Chemotherapy upregulates IC ligands and receptors on the surface of OAC cells. ICs are enriched on stem-like and senescent OAC cells following chemotherapy. PD-1 blockade induced apoptosis and enhanced chemotherapy toxicity in OAC cells.
Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy to enhance responses in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an attractive approach. We identified subpopulations of OAC cells expressing inhibitory immune checkpoint (IC) ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD160) and receptors (PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3 and A2aR) in vitro and in ex vivo biopsies. Combination chemotherapy regimens FLOT and CROSS promote a more immune-resistant phenotype through upregulation of IC ligands and receptors on OAC cells in vitro. Importantly, this study investigated if OAC cells, enriched for ICs exhibited a more stem-like and senescent-like phentoype. FLOT preferentially upregulates PD-L1 on a stem-like OAC cell phenotype, defined by ALDH activity. Expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase is induced in a subpopulation of OAC cells following FLOT and CROSS chemotherapy treatment, along with enhanced expression of TIM-3 and A2aR ICs. Blockade of PD-1 signalling in OAC cells induced apoptosis and enhanced FLOT and CROSS chemotherapy toxicity in vitro. Upregulation of ICs on OAC cells following chemotherapy may represent potential mechanisms of chemo-immune resistance. Combination ICIs may be required to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in OAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrew Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fiona O' Connell
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Foley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot O' Toole
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Translational Radiobiology and Diagnostics Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen G Maher
- Cancer Chemoradiation Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Procopio MC, Lauro R, Nasso C, Carerj S, Squadrito F, Bitto A, Di Bella G, Micari A, Irrera N, Costa F. Role of Adenosine and Purinergic Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Different Signal Transduction Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020204. [PMID: 33670488 PMCID: PMC7922652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a dramatic event often caused by atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel. The low supply of oxygen and nutrients in the infarcted area may result in cardiomyocytes necrosis, replacement of intact myocardium with non-contractile fibrous tissue and left ventricular (LV) function impairment if blood flow is not quickly restored. In this review, we summarized the possible correlation between adenosine system, purinergic system and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage following MI. In this context, several pathways are involved and, in particular, the adenosine receptors system shows different interactions between its members and purinergic receptors: their modulation might be effective not only for a normal functional recovery but also for the treatment of heart diseases, thus avoiding fibrosis, reducing infarcted area and limiting scaring. Similarly, it has been shown that Wnt/β catenin pathway is activated following myocardial injury and its unbalanced activation might promote cardiac fibrosis and, consequently, LV systolic function impairment. In this regard, the therapeutic benefits of Wnt inhibitors use were highlighted, thus demonstrating that Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be considered as a therapeutic target to prevent adverse LV remodeling and heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Nasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic “G. Martino”, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3093; Fax: +39-090-221-23-81
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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46
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Davern M, Lysaght J. Cooperation between chemotherapy and immunotherapy in gastroesophageal cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pietrobono D, Giacomelli C, Marchetti L, Martini C, Trincavelli ML. High Adenosine Extracellular Levels Induce Glioblastoma Aggressive Traits Modulating the Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7706. [PMID: 33081024 PMCID: PMC7589183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive, fast-growing brain tumor influenced by the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) play a pivotal role. Adenosine (ADO), a purinergic signal molecule, can reach up to high micromolar concentrations in TME. The activity of specific adenosine receptor subtypes on glioma cells has been widely explored, as have the effects of MSCs on tumor progression. However, the effects of high levels of ADO on glioma aggressive traits are still unclear as is its role in cancer cells-MSC cross-talk. Herein, we first studied the role of extracellular Adenosine (ADO) on isolated human U343MG cells as a glioblastoma cellular model, finding that at high concentrations it was able to prompt the gene expression of Snail and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, even if a complete transition was not reached. These effects were mediated by the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Additionally, ADO affected isolated bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) by modifying the pattern of secreted inflammatory cytokines. Then, the conditioned medium (CM) of BM-MSCs stimulated with ADO and a co-culture system were used to investigate the role of extracellular ADO in GBM-MSC cross-talk. The CM promoted the increase of glioma motility and induced a partial phenotypic change of glioblastoma cells. These effects were maintained when U343MG cells and BM-MSCs were co-cultured. In conclusion, ADO may affect glioma biology directly and through the modulation of the paracrine factors released by MSCs overall promoting a more aggressive phenotype. These results point out the importance to deeply investigate the role of extracellular soluble factors in the glioma cross-talk with other cell types of the TME to better understand its pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.P.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.)
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Wu D, Jia H, Zhang Z, Li S. Capsaicin suppresses breast cancer cell viability by regulating the CDK8/PI3K/Akt/Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4868-4876. [PMID: 33173974 PMCID: PMC7646934 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer displays high morbidity and mortality. Despite exerting certain effects, traditional treatments cannot eliminate every cancer cell and may kill normal cells due to inaccurate targeting. However, as a traditional Chinese medicine, capsaicin, an active compound extracted from chili peppers, has displayed potent anticarcinogenic activities in vitro and in vivo, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. The pharmacological effects of capsaicin on tumors was evaluated in MDA MB 231 breast cancer cells. The MTT, cell scratch assay, cell cycle analysis, cell transfection, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate the potential antitumor mechanisms of capsaicin. In the present study, the potential anticancer mechanism underlying capsaicin in MDA‑MB‑231 cells in vitro was investigated. Capsaicin significantly inhibited MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cell viability and migration compared with the control group. The flow cytometry results indicated that capsaicin induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in MDA‑MB‑231 cells. In addition, capsaicin significantly reduced the expression of cyclin‑dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) in breast cancer cells compared with the control group. Moreover, LV‑CDK8 small interfering RNA‑transduced MDA‑MB‑231 cells displayed lower CDK8 mRNA and protein expression levels compared with LV‑negative control‑shRNA‑transduced cells. Furthermore, capsaicin significantly reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, p‑Akt, Wnt and β‑catenin in vitro compared with the control group. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that capsaicin inhibited breast cancer cell viability, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, reduced CDK8 expression levels, decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and downregulated Wnt and β‑catenin expression levels in MDA‑MB‑231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyao Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiru Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Allard B, Allard D, Buisseret L, Stagg J. The adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:611-629. [PMID: 32514148 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy based on immune-checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy has revolutionized cancer care. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients do not benefit from such treatments. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of 'next-generation' therapeutics in immuno-oncology, with inhibitors of extracellular adenosine (eADO) signalling constituting an expanding class of agents. Induced by tissue hypoxia, inflammation, tissue repair and specific oncogenic pathways, the adenosinergic axis is a broadly immunosuppressive pathway that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inhibition of eADO-generating enzymes and/or eADO receptors can promote antitumour immunity through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of T cell and natural killer cell function, suppression of the pro-tumourigenic effects of myeloid cells and other immunoregulatory cells, and promotion of antigen presentation. With several clinical trials currently evaluating inhibitors of the eADO pathway in patients with cancer, we herein review the pathophysiological function of eADO with a focus on effects on antitumour immunity. We also discuss the treatment opportunities, potential limitations and biomarker-based strategies related to adenosine-targeted therapy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Stagg
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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50
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Varied functions of immune checkpoints during cancer metastasis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:569-588. [PMID: 32902664 PMCID: PMC7907026 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints comprise diverse receptors and ligands including costimulatory and inhibitory molecules, which play monumental roles in regulating the immune system. Immune checkpoints retain key potentials in maintaining the immune system homeostasis and hindering the malignancy development and autoimmunity. The expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints delineates an increase in a plethora of metastatic tumors and the inhibition of these immune checkpoints can be followed by promising results. On the other hand, the stimulation of costimulatory immune checkpoints can restrain the metastasis originating from diverse tumors. From the review above, key findings emerged regarding potential functions of inhibitory and costimulatory immune checkpoints targeting the metastatic cascade and point towards novel potential Achilles’ heels of cancer that might be exploited therapeutically in the future.
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