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Sakellakis M, Yoon SM, Reet J, Chalkias A. Novel insights into voltage-gated ion channels: Translational breakthroughs in medical oncology. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2297605. [PMID: 38154047 PMCID: PMC10761148 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2297605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that voltage gradients can act as a kind of top-down master regulator during embryogenesis and orchestrate downstream molecular-genetic pathways during organ regeneration or repair. Moreover, electrical stimulation shifts response to injury toward regeneration instead of healing or scarring. Cancer and embryogenesis not only share common phenotypical features but also commonly upregulated molecular pathways. Voltage-gated ion channel activity is directly or indirectly linked to the pathogenesis of cancer hallmarks, while experimental and clinical studies suggest that their modulation, e.g., by anesthetic agents, may exert antitumor effects. A large recent clinical trial served as a proof-of-principle for the benefit of preoperative use of topical sodium channel blockade as a potential anticancer strategy against early human breast cancers. Regardless of whether ion channel aberrations are primary or secondary cancer drivers, understanding the functional consequences of these events may guide us toward the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA
| | - Sung Mi Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA
| | - Jashan Reet
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA
| | - Athanasios Chalkias
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Marunaka Y. Physiological roles of chloride ions in bodily and cellular functions. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:31. [PMID: 37968609 PMCID: PMC10717538 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological roles of Cl-, a major anion in the body, are not well known compared with those of cations. This review article introduces: (1) roles of Cl- in bodily and cellular functions; (2) the range of cytosolic Cl- concentration ([Cl-]c); (3) whether [Cl-]c could change with cell volume change under an isosmotic condition; (4) whether [Cl-]c could change under conditions where multiple Cl- transporters and channels contribute to Cl- influx and efflux in an isosmotic state; (5) whether the change in [Cl-]c could be large enough to act as signals; (6) effects of Cl- on cytoskeletal tubulin polymerization through inhibition of GTPase activity and tubulin polymerization-dependent biological activity; (7) roles of cytosolic Cl- in cell proliferation; (8) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of ciliary motility; (9) roles of Cl- in sweet/umami taste receptors; (10) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of with-no-lysine kinase (WNK); (11) roles of Cl- in regulation of epithelial Na+ transport; (12) relationship between roles of Cl- and H+ in body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, General Incorporated Foundation, 67 Kitatsuboi-Cho, Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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3
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Chiliquinga AJ, Acosta B, Ogonaga-Borja I, Villarruel-Melquiades F, de la Garza J, Gariglio P, Ocádiz-Delgado R, Ramírez A, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuellar CM, Bañuelos C, Camacho J. Ion Channels as Potential Tools for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of HPV-Associated Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:1376. [PMID: 37408210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) group comprises approximately 200 genetic types that have a special affinity for epithelial tissues and can vary from producing benign symptoms to developing into complicated pathologies, such as cancer. The HPV replicative cycle affects various cellular and molecular processes, including DNA insertions and methylation and relevant pathways related to pRb and p53, as well as ion channel expression or function. Ion channels are responsible for the flow of ions across cell membranes and play very important roles in human physiology, including the regulation of ion homeostasis, electrical excitability, and cell signaling. However, when ion channel function or expression is altered, the channels can trigger a wide range of channelopathies, including cancer. In consequence, the up- or down-regulation of ion channels in cancer makes them attractive molecular markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. Interestingly, the activity or expression of several ion channels is dysregulated in HPV-associated cancers. Here, we review the status of ion channels and their regulation in HPV-associated cancers and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Understanding the dynamics of ion channels in these cancers should help to improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the benefit of HPV-associated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Ogonaga-Borja
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Villarruel-Melquiades
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Jaime de la Garza
- Unidad de Oncología Torácica y Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ocádiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Ana Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
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4
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Tan LM, Chen P, Nie ZY, Liu XF, Wang B. Circular RNA XRCC5 aggravates glioma progression by activating CLC3/SGK1 axis via recruiting IGF2BP2. Neurochem Int 2023; 166:105534. [PMID: 37061192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidences have reported the critical roles of circular RNA (circRNA) in gliomas. Whereas, the role of circXRCC5 in glioma and its underlying molecular mechanism has not been reported. METHODS The RNA transcripts and protein levels were detected using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. Cell proliferation was characterized by CCK-8 and clone formation assays. The formation of NLRP3-inflammasomes was identified using immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot assays. The cytokines were determined using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assays. The molecular interactions were validated using RIP and pull-down assays. RESULTS circXRCC5 was over-expressed in glioma and positively related to the shorter survival rate, advanced TNM stage and larger tumor volume. circXRCC5 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation of glioma cells. Subsequently, we found that circXRCC5 maintained mRNA stability of CLC3 by binding to IGF2BP2. Furthermore, CLC3 accelerated SGK1 expression via PI3K/PDK1/AKT pathway. The rescue experiments showed that both overexpression of CLC3 or SGK1 dramatically alleviated circXRCC5 knockdown-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and NLRP3-mediated inflammasome activation of glioma cells. In vivo, our study proved that circXRCC5 accelerated glioma growth by regulating CLC3/SGK1 axis. CONCLUSION Our data concluded that circXRCC5 formed a complex with IGF2BP2 to regulate inflammasome activation and tumor growth via CLC3/SGK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Gunawan R, Yang M, Lau C. X-RAY MEASUREMENT OF INTRACELLULAR CHLORIDE AND OTHER IONS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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6
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Stark RJ, Nguyen HN, Bacon MK, Rohrbough JC, Choi H, Lamb FS. Chloride Channel-3 (ClC-3) Modifies the Trafficking of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing 8A (LRRC8A) Anion Channels. J Membr Biol 2022; 256:125-135. [PMID: 36322172 PMCID: PMC10085862 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) Cl-/H+ antiporters and leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) family anion channels have both been associated with volume-regulated anion currents (VRACs). VRACs are often altered in ClC-3 null cells but are absent in LRRC8A null cells. To explore the relationship between ClC-3, LRRC8A, and VRAC we localized tagged proteins in human epithelial kidney (HEK293) cells using multimodal microscopy. Expression of ClC-3-GFP induced large multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with ClC-3 in the delimiting membrane. LRRC8A-RFP localized to the plasma membrane and to small cytoplasmic vesicles. Co-expression demonstrated co-localization in small, highly mobile cytoplasmic vesicles that associated with the early endosomal marker Rab5A. However, most of the small LRRC8A-positive vesicles were constrained within large MVBs with abundant ClC-3 in the delimiting membrane. Dominant negative (S34A) Rab5A prevented ClC-3 overexpression from creating enlarged MVBs, while constitutively active (Q79L) Rab5A enhanced this phenotype. Thus, ClC-3 and LRRC8A are endocytosed together but independently sorted in Rab5A MVBs. Subsequently, LRRC8A-labeled vesicles were sorted to MVBs labeled by Rab27A and B exosomal compartment markers, but not to Rab11 recycling endosomes. VRAC currents were significantly larger in ClC-3 null HEK293 cells. This work demonstrates dependence of LRRC8A trafficking on ClC-3 which may explain the association between ClC-3 and VRACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Hong N Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Matthew K Bacon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rohrbough
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Light Hall-1055D, Nashville, TN, 37232-3122v, USA.
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7
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George LF, Bates EA. Mechanisms Underlying Influence of Bioelectricity in Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:772230. [PMID: 35237593 PMCID: PMC8883286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.772230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To execute the intricate process of development, cells coordinate across tissues and organs to determine where each cell divides and differentiates. This coordination requires complex communication between cells. Growing evidence suggests that bioelectrical signals controlled via ion channels contribute to cell communication during development. Ion channels collectively regulate the transmembrane potential of cells, and their function plays a conserved role in the development of organisms from flies to humans. Spontaneous calcium oscillations can be found in nearly every cell type and tissue, and disruption of these oscillations leads to defects in development. However, the mechanism by which bioelectricity regulates development is still unclear. Ion channels play essential roles in the processes of cell death, proliferation, migration, and in each of the major canonical developmental signaling pathways. Previous reviews focus on evidence for one potential mechanism by which bioelectricity affects morphogenesis, but there is evidence that supports multiple different mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. Evidence supports bioelectricity contributing to development through multiple different mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for the importance of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and provide a comprehensive review of the evidence for several potential mechanisms by which ion channels may act in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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8
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Chloride Channels and Transporters: Roles beyond Classical Cellular Homeostatic pH or Ion Balance in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040856. [PMID: 35205604 PMCID: PMC8870652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Roles of chloride-associated transporters have been raised in various cancers. Although complicated ion movements, crosstalk among channels/transporters through homeostatic electric regulation, difficulties with experimental implementation such as activity measurement of intracellular location were disturbed to verify the precise modulation of channels/transporters, recently defined cancerous function and communication with tumor microenvironment of chloride channels/transporters should be highlighted beyond classical homeostatic ion balance. Chloride-associated transporters as membrane-associated components of chloride movement, regulations of transmembrane member 16A, calcium-activated chloride channel regulators, transmembrane member 206, chloride intracellular channels, voltage-gated chloride channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, voltage-dependent anion channel, volume-regulated anion channel, and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers are discussed. Abstract The canonical roles of chloride channels and chloride-associated transporters have been physiologically determined; these roles include the maintenance of membrane potential, pH balance, and volume regulation and subsequent cellular functions such as autophagy and cellular proliferative processes. However, chloride channels/transporters also play other roles, beyond these classical function, in cancerous tissues and under specific conditions. Here, we focused on the chloride channel-associated cancers and present recent advances in understanding the environments of various types of cancer caused by the participation of many chloride channel or transporters families and discuss the challenges and potential targets for cancer treatment. The modulation of chloride channels/transporters might promote new aspect of cancer treatment strategies.
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9
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Luo Y, Liu X, Li X, Zhong W, Lin J, Chen Q. Identification and validation of a signature involving voltage-gated chloride ion channel genes for prediction of prostate cancer recurrence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001634. [PMID: 36246902 PMCID: PMC9561150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated chloride ion channels (CLCs) are transmembrane proteins that maintain chloride ion homeostasis in various cells. Accumulating studies indicated CLCs were related to cell growth, proliferation, and cell cycle. Nevertheless, the role of CLCs in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been systematically profiled. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profiles and biofunctions of CLCs genes, and construct a novel risk signature to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa patients. We identified five differentially expressed CLCs genes in our cohort and then constructed a signature composed of CLCN2 and CLCN6 through Lasso-Cox regression analysis in the training cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The testing and entire cohorts from TCGA and the GSE21034 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used as internal and independent external validation datasets. This signature could divide PCa patients into the high and low risk groups with different prognoses, was apparently correlated with clinical features, and was an independent excellent prognostic indicator. Enrichment analysis indicated our signature was primarily concentrated in cellular process and metabolic process. The expression patterns of CLCN2 and CLCN6 were detected in our own cohort based immunohistochemistry staining, and we found CLCN2 and CLCN6 were highly expressed in PCa tissues compared with benign tissues and positively associated with higher Gleason score and shorter BCR-free time. Functional experiments revealed that CLCN2 and CLCN6 downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration, but prolonged cell cycle and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, Seahorse assay showed that silencing CLCN2 or CLCN6 exerted potential inhibitory effects on energy metabolism in PCa. Collectively, our signature could provide a novel and robust strategy for the prognostic evaluation and improve treatment decision making for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Department of Science and Teaching, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Nursing Administration, the Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbiao Chen, ; Jingbo Lin, ; Weide Zhong,
| | - Jingbo Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbiao Chen, ; Jingbo Lin, ; Weide Zhong,
| | - Qingbiao Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second People’s Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbiao Chen, ; Jingbo Lin, ; Weide Zhong,
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Kouyoumdzian NM, Kim G, Rudi MJ, Rukavina Mikusic NL, Fernández BE, Choi MR. Clues and new evidences in arterial hypertension: unmasking the role of the chloride anion. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:155-176. [PMID: 34966955 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review will focus on the role of chloride anion in cardiovascular disease, with special emphasis in the development of hypertensive disease and vascular inflammation. It is known that acute and chronic overload of sodium chloride increase blood pressure and have pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects on different target organs, but it is unknown how chloride may influence these processes. Chloride anion is the predominant anion in the extracellular fluid and its intracellular concentration is dynamically regulated. As the queen of the electrolytes, it is of crucial importance to understand the physiological mechanisms that regulate the cellular handling of this anion including the different transporters and cellular chloride channels, which exert a variety of functions, such as regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, intracellular pH and cellular redox state. In this article, we will also review the relationship between dietary, serum and intracellular chloride and how these different sources of chloride in the organism are affected in hypertension and their impact on cardiovascular disease. Additionally, we will discuss the approach of potential strategies that affect chloride handling and its potential effect on cardiovascular system, including pharmacological blockade of chloride channels and non-pharmacological interventions by replacing chloride by another anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Martín Kouyoumdzian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel Kim
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julieta Rudi
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Lucía Rukavina Mikusic
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Chen J, Wang F, Lu Y, Yang S, Chen X, Huang Y, Lin X. CLC-3 and SOX2 regulate the cell cycle in DU145 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 33154770 PMCID: PMC7608052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor that serves a role in numerous different types of malignant cancer. Altered expression of chloride channel proteins has been described in a variety of malignancies. However, the association between SOX2 and chloride channel proteins is not yet fully understood. The present study investigated the association between SOX2 and chloride voltage-gated channel 3 (CLC-3) in prostate cancer. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the inactivation of CLC-3 or SOX2 arrested cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, CLC-3 was observed to bind to SOX2, and vice versa, by co-immunoprecipitation. SOX2 appears to initiate and maintain prostate cancer tumorigenesis, in part, by modulating the cell cycle. These findings indicate the potential of SOX2 and CLC-3 as targets for the development of multi-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Youwei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Environmental Exposure and Health, Environment College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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12
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Mu H, Mu L, Gao J. Suppression of CLC-3 reduces the proliferation, invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1240-1246. [PMID: 33069359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we attempted to explore the role of chloride channel 3 (CLC-3) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its related mechanism. METHODS First, the expression level of CLC-3 in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines were measured by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry or western blot analysis. CLC-3 expression knockdown in CRC cells was achieved by siRNA transfection. The effect of CLC-3 silence on cell viability, cell cycle, invasion and migration of CRC was estimated by CCK8, flow cytometry based cell cycle assay, and transwell assay, respectively. In order to investigate whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling was perturbed by CLC-3 knockdown, CLC-3 knockdown cells were treated with pathway activator LiCl, followed by the measurement of the expressions of pathway related genes, cell viability, cell cycle, metastasis ability. RESULTS The expression of CLC-3 was gradually increased from normal adjacent tissues to CRC tumor tissues, and the increase in tumor tissues was related to TNM stages. CLC-3 was overexpressed in four CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480, LoVo and SW620), compared with NCM460 cells. CLC-3 knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability, reflected by declined cell viability, arrested G0/G1 cell cycle, decreased invasion and migration ability. In contrast, the declined cell proliferation, invasion and migration of LoVo and SW620 cells induced by CLC-3 knockdown were reversed by the addition of Wnt/β-catenin activator LiCl. CONCLUSION CLC-3 contributed to the CRC development and metastasis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CLC-3 could be proposed as the candidate target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Wo Hushan Road, Lanshan District, Linyi City, Shandong, 276002, China
| | - Linjun Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfei Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Wo Hushan Road, Lanshan District, Linyi City, Shandong, 276002, China.
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13
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Ion Channel Dysregulation in Head and Neck Cancers: Perspectives for Clinical Application. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:375-427. [PMID: 32789787 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a highly complex and heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve very diverse anatomical structures and distinct aetiological factors, treatments and clinical outcomes. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are predominant and the sixth most common cancer worldwide with still low survival rates. Omic technologies have unravelled the intricacies of tumour biology, harbouring a large diversity of genetic and molecular changes to drive the carcinogenesis process. Nonetheless, this remarkable heterogeneity of molecular alterations opens up an immense opportunity to discover novel biomarkers and develop molecular-targeted therapies. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of ion channel expression and/or function is frequently and commonly observed in a variety of cancers from different origin. As a consequence, the concept of ion channels as potential membrane therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis has attracted growing attention. This chapter intends to comprehensively and critically review the current state-of-art ion channel dysregulation specifically focusing on head and neck cancers and to formulate the major challenges and research needs to translate this knowledge into clinical application. Based on current reported data, various voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels (i.e. Kv3.4, Kv10.1 and Kv11.1) have been found frequently aberrantly expressed in HNSCC as well as precancerous lesions and are highlighted as clinically and biologically relevant features in both early stages of tumourigenesis and late stages of disease progression. More importantly, they also emerge as promising candidates as cancer risk markers, tumour markers and potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic targets for therapeutic interventions; however, the oncogenic properties seem to be independent of their ion-conducting function.
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14
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Takeno T, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa H, Ueno Y, Hamataka R, Nakajima A, Okubo J, Sato K, Sakamaki T. MicroRNA-205-5p inhibits three-dimensional spheroid proliferation of ErbB2-overexpressing breast epithelial cells through direct targeting of CLCN3. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7799. [PMID: 31608175 PMCID: PMC6788438 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that microRNA-205-5p (miR-205-5p) is significantly decreased in the ErbB2-overexpressing breast epithelial cell line MCF10A-ErbB2 compared with control cells. In this study, we identified a direct target of miR-205-5p, chloride voltage-gated channel 3 (CLCN3). CLCN3 expression was induced by ErbB2 overexpression; this induced expression was then reduced to control levels by the transfection of the miR-205-5p precursor. In RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation with Ago1/2/3 antibody, CLCN3 was significantly enriched in 293T embryonic kidney cells with miR-205-5p mimic transfection compared with negative control mimic transfection. In luciferase reporter assays using CLCN3 3'-UTR constructs, the miR-205-5p mimic significantly decreased reporter activity of both wild-type and partial mutant constructs in MCF10A-ErbB2 cells. In contrast, no inhibitory effects of the miR-205-5p mimic were detected using the complete mutant constructs. Since miR-205-5p expression in exosomes derived from MCF10A-neo cells was substantially higher than in exosomes derived from MCF10A-ErbB2 cells, we next investigated whether an exosome-mediated miR-205-5p transfer could control CLCN3 expression. To this end, exosomal miR-205-5p derived from MCF10A-neo cells was functionally transferred to MCF10A-ErbB2 cells, which served to decrease the expression of CLCN3. To assess the roles of CLCN3 in breast cancer, we next performed three-dimensional (3D) spheroid proliferation analyses using MCF10A-ErbB2 cells treated with MCF10A-neo-derived exosomes or CLCN3 shRNA stably expressing SKBR3 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. Our results showed that both treatment with MCF10A-neo-derived exosome and CLCN3 shRNA expression suppressed 3D spheroid proliferation. Collectively, these novel findings suggest that CLCN3 may be a novel direct target of miR-205-5p and this CLCN3/miR-205-5p interaction may serve a pivotal role in regulating breast cancer cellular proliferation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Takeno
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takuya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ueno
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamataka
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aya Nakajima
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junji Okubo
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Ryu J, Kim DG, Lee YS, Bae Y, Kim A, Park N, Hwang EM, Park JY. Surface expression of TTYH2 is attenuated by direct interaction with β-COP. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30670146 PMCID: PMC6675250 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.7.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TTYH2 is a calcium-activated, inwardly rectifying anion channel that has been shown to be related to renal cancer and colon cancer. Based on the topological prediction, TTYH2 protein has five transmembrane domains with the extracellular N-terminus and the cytoplasmic C-terminus. In the present study, we identified a vesicle transport protein, β-COP, as a novel specific binding partner of TTYH2 by yeast two-hybrid screening using a human brain cDNA library with the C-terminal region of TTYH2 (TTYH2-C) as a bait. Using in vitro and in vivo binding assays, we confirmed the protein-protein interactions between TTYH2 and β-COP. We also found that the surface expression and activity of TTYH2 were decreased by co-expression with β-COP in the heterologous expression system. In addition, β-COP associated with TTYH2 in a native condition at a human colon cancer cell line, LoVo cells. The over-expression of β-COP in the LoVo cells led to a dramatic decrease in the surface expression and activity of endogenous TTYH2. Collectively, these data suggested that β-COP plays a critical role in the trafficking of the TTYH2 channel to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Ryu
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Center for Functional Connectomics, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yeonju Bae
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ajung Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Center for Functional Connectomics, Seoul 02792, Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Nammi Park
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Center for Functional Connectomics, Seoul 02792, Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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16
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Guan YT, Xie Y, Zhou H, Shi HY, Zhu YY, Zhang XL, Luan Y, Shen XM, Chen YP, Xu LJ, Lin ZQ, Wang G. Overexpression of chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) is associated with human cervical carcinoma development and prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30636929 PMCID: PMC6325671 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical carcinoma is a major gynecological cancer and causes cancer-related deaths in worldwide, the latent pathogenesis and progress of cervical cancer is still under research. ClC-3 may be an important promoter for aggressive metastasis of malignant tumors. In this research, we explore the ClC-3 expression in cervical carcinoma and its underlying clinical significance, trying to illuminate ClC-3 probable function in the neoplasm malignant behavior, development and prognosis. Methods Paraffin-embedded cervical (n = 168) and lymph node (n = 100) tissue specimens were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Fresh human cervical tissue specimens (n = 165) and four human cervical cell lines were tested for ClC-3 mRNA and protein expression levels by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. The relationship between the expression levels of ClC-3, the pathological characteristics of the carcinoma, and the clinical prognosis were statistically analysed. Results In normal and precancerous (LSIL, HSIL) cervical tissues as well as cervical carcinoma tissues, both ClC-3 mRNA and protein expression levels increased significantly (p < 0.05). The expression level of ClC-3 was closely-related to the histological differentiation (p = 0.029), tumour staging (p = 0.016), tumour size (p = 0.039), vascular invasion (p = 0.045), interstitial infiltration depth (p = 0.012), lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.036), and HPV infection (p = 0.022). In an in vitro experiment, ClC-3 mRNA and protein were found to be overexpressed both in the HeLa and SiHa cell lines, but low expression levels were detected in the C-33A and H8 cell lines (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the high expression levels of ClC-3 was significantly correlated to poor survival in cervical carcinoma patients (Log-rank test, p = 0.046). Conclusions These data suggest that overexpression of ClC-3 is closely associated with human cervical carcinoma progression and poor prognosis; this suggests that ClC-3 may function as a patent tumour biomarker and a latent therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Guan
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yong Xie
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- 3Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zhu
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yi Luan
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ming Shen
- 4Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Ping Chen
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Li-Jiang Xu
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lin
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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17
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Peng J, Chen W, Chen J, Yuan Y, Zhang J, He Y. Overexpression of chloride channel-3 predicts unfavorable prognosis and promotes cellular invasion in gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1163-1175. [PMID: 29795988 PMCID: PMC5958948 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s159790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloride channel-3 (CLC-3) has been reported to promote the proliferation and invasion in various tumors, yet little is known about its role in gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of CLC-3 and its biological role in gastric cancer. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay were used to assess the expression of CLC-3 and its clinical significance in gastric cancer. The biological role of CLC-3 and its underlying mechanism were detected through in vitro experiments. RESULTS CLC-3 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and high levels of CLC-3 were significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters and shorter overall survival time in patients with gastric cancer. Functional studies revealed that silencing of CLC-3 decreased, while overexpression promoted, the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistic studies suggested that canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is involved in CLC-3-induced gastric cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the vital role of CLC-3 in gastric cancer progression and its potential role of a therapeutic target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Peng
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong He
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Yang H, Ma L, Wang Y, Zuo W, Li B, Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L. Activation of ClC-3 chloride channel by 17β-estradiol relies on the estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1071-1081. [PMID: 28419445 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although extensively studied, the mechanisms by which estrogen promotes breast cancer growth remain to be fully elucidated. Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen agent to treat ERα+ breast cancer, is also a high-affinity blocker of the chloride channels. In this study, we explored the involvement of the chloride channels in the action of estrogen in breast cancer. We found that 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) concentration-dependently activated the chloride currents in ERα+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Extracellular hypertonic challenge and chloride channel blockers, NPPB and DIDS inhibited the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. Decreased the ClC-3 protein expression caused the depletion of the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. 17β-E2-activated chloride currents which relied on the ERα expression were demonstrated by the following evidences. Firstly, 17β-E2-activated chloride currents could not be observed in ERα- breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Secondly, ER antagonists, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780, and downregulation of ERα expression inhibited or abolished the 17β-E2-activated chloride currents. Thirdly, ERα expression was induced in MDA-MB-231 cells by ESR1 gene transfection, and then 17β-E2-activated chloride currents could be observed. In MCF-7 cells, ERα and ClC-3 mainly located in nucleus and translocated to cell plasma and membrane with respect to co-localization following treatment of 17β-E2. Downregulation of ERα expression could decrease the expression of ClC-3 protein. Conversely, downregulation of ClC-3 expression did not influence the ERα expression. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that ClC-3 is a potential target of 17β-E2 and is modulated by the ERα in breast cancer cell. Pharmacological modulation of ClC-3 may provide a deep understanding in antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianshun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Analysis and Test Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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The CLC-2 Chloride Channel Modulates ECM Synthesis, Differentiation, and Migration of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060910. [PMID: 27294913 PMCID: PMC4926444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctival fibroblast (HConF) biology. To investigate the potential role of chloride channel (CLC)-2 in migration, transition to myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of HconF, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach was applied. TGF-β1-induced migration and transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts characterized by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, supported by increased endogenous expression of CLC-2 protein and mRNA transcripts. ECM (collagen I and fibronectin) synthesis in HConF was enhanced by TGF-β1. CLC-2 siRNA treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced cell migration, transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and ECM synthesis of HConF. CLC-2 siRNA treatment in the presence of TGF-β1 inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in HConF. These findings demonstrate that CLC-2 chloride channels are important for TGF-β1-induced migration, differentiation, and ECM synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling in HConF.
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20
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Guan YT, Huang YQ, Wu JB, Deng ZQ, Wang Y, Lai ZY, Wang HB, Sun XX, Zhu YL, Du MM, Zhu LY, Chen LX, Wang LW. Overexpression of chloride channel-3 is associated with the increased migration and invasion ability of ectopic endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:986-98. [PMID: 26965430 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) involved in regulating the biological behavior of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER ClC-3 promotes endometriotic cell migration and invasion. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ClC-3 plays a significant role in the migration and invasion of various kinds of cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An ITALIC! in vitro investigation of the effect of ClC-3 on the migration and invasion of ectopic ESCs from patients with endometriosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The ectopic and eutopic endometrial samples from 43 female patients with endometriosis and the endometrial samples from 39 non-endometriotic female patients were collected. Primary cells from these samples were isolated and cultured. Real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of ClC-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was employed to knock down ClC-3 expression. The migration and invasion ability of ESCs was measured by the transwell assay with uncoated or Matrigel-coated membranes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The expression of ClC-3 mRNA and proteins was significantly up-regulated in the ectopic tissues from endometriotic patients, while that in the eutopic endometrial tissues of the same patients did not significantly differ from that in non-endometriotic patients. The migration and invasion ability and MMP-9 expression was increased in the ESCs from ectopic endometrial tissues. The knockdown of ClC-3 expression by ClC-3 siRNA inhibited ESC migration and invasion and attenuated the expression of MMP-9. ClC-3 expression level was well-correlated to the clinical characteristics and symptoms of endometriosis patients, including infertility, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and diameter of endometriosis lesion. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Further studies are needed to examine the regulatory mechanism of estrogen on ClC-3 expression of ESCs. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS ClC-3 is involved in the migration and invasion processes of ESCs and can regulate MMP-9 expression. Up-regulation of ClC-3 expression may contribute to endometriosis development by regulating MMP-9 expression. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81173064, 81272223, 81273539), the Ministry of Education of China (20124401110009), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2011010001589) and the Science and Technology Programs of Guangdong (2013B051000059), Guangzhou (2013J500015) and Dongguan (2011108102006). The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-tao Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-qing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-bao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi-qin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhou-yi Lai
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-xue Sun
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ya-li Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao-miao Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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21
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Xu B, Jin X, Min L, Li Q, Deng L, Wu H, Lin G, Chen L, Zhang H, Li C, Wang L, Zhu J, Wang W, Chu F, Shen J, Li H, Mao J. Chloride channel-3 promotes tumor metastasis by regulating membrane ruffling and is associated with poor survival. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2434-50. [PMID: 25537517 PMCID: PMC4385862 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) protein is known to be a component of Cl− channels involved in cell volume regulation or acidification of intracellular vesicles. Here, we report that ClC-3 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of metastatic carcinomatous cells and accelerated cell migration in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. High-grade expression of cytoplasmic ClC-3 predicted poor survival in cancer patients. We found that independent of its volume-activated Cl− channel properties, ClC-3 was able to promote cell membrane ruffling, required for tumor metastasis. ClC-3 mediated membrane ruffling by regulating keratin 18 phosphorylation to control β1 Integrin recycling. Therefore, cytoplasmic ClC-3 plays an active and key role in tumor metastasis and may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target to prevent tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Min
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixian Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Pan F, Guo R, Cheng W, Chai L, Wang W, Cao C, Li S. High glucose inhibits ClC-2 chloride channels and attenuates cell migration of rat keratinocytes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4779-91. [PMID: 26355894 PMCID: PMC4560522 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that migration of keratinocytes is critical to wound epithelialization, and defects of this function result in chronic delayed-healing wounds in diabetes mellitus patients, and the migration has been proved to be associated with volume-activated chloride channels. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of high glucose (HG, 25 mM) on ClC-2 chloride channels and cell migration of keratinocytes. Methods Newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used to isolate and culture the keratinocyte in this study. Immunofluorescence assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assay were used to examine the expression of ClC-2 protein or mRNA. Scratch wound assay was used to measure the migratory ability of keratinocytes. Transwell cell migration assay was used to measure the invasion and migration of keratinocytes. Recombinant lentivirus vectors were established and transducted to keratinocytes. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to perform the electrophysiological studies. Results We found that the expression of ClC-2 was significantly inhibited when keratinocytes were exposed to a HG (25 mM) medium, accompanied by the decline of volume-activated Cl− current (ICl,vol), migration potential, and phosphorylated PI3K as compared to control group. When knockdown of ClC-2 by RNAi or pretreatment with wortmannin, similar results were observed, including ICl,vol and migration keratinocytes were inhibited. Conclusion Our study proved that HG inhibited ClC-2 chloride channels and attenuated cell migration of rat keratinocytes via inhibiting PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Pan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Rao VR, Perez-Neut M, Kaja S, Gentile S. Voltage-gated ion channels in cancer cell proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:849-75. [PMID: 26010603 PMCID: PMC4491688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of the electrical charges across the surface cell membrane are absolutely necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. The opening of ion channels alter the charge distribution across the surface membrane as they allow the diffusion of ions such as K+, Ca++, Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya R Rao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Mathew Perez-Neut
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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24
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Peretti M, Angelini M, Savalli N, Florio T, Yuspa SH, Mazzanti M. Chloride channels in cancer: Focus on chloride intracellular channel 1 and 4 (CLIC1 AND CLIC4) proteins in tumor development and as novel therapeutic targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2523-31. [PMID: 25546839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, growing scientific evidence supports the role of ion channels in the development of different cancers. Both potassium selective pores and chloride permeabilities are considered the most active channels during tumorigenesis. High rate of proliferation, active migration, and invasiveness into non-neoplastic tissues are specific properties of neoplastic transformation. All these actions require partial or total involvement of chloride channel activity. In this context, this class of membrane proteins could represent valuable therapeutic targets for the treatment of resistant tumors. However, this encouraging premise has not so far produced any valid new channel-targeted antitumoral molecule for cancer treatment. Problematic for drug design targeting ion channels is their vital role in normal cells for essential physiological functions. By targeting these membrane proteins involved in pathological conditions, it is inevitable to cause relevant side effects in healthy organs. In light of this, a new protein family, the chloride intracellular channels (CLICs), could be a promising class of therapeutic targets for its intrinsic individualities: CLIC1 and CLIC4, in particular, not only are overexpressed in specific tumor types or their corresponding stroma but also change localization and function from hydrophilic cytosolic to integral transmembrane proteins as active ionic channels or signal transducers during cell cycle progression in certain cases. These changes in intracellular localization, tissue compartments, and channel function, uniquely associated with malignant transformation, may offer a unique target for cancer therapy, likely able to spare normal cells. This article is part of a special issue itled "Membrane Channels and Transporters in Cancers."
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Peretti
- Department of Life Science, University of Milan, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Marina Angelini
- Department of Life Science, University of Milan, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Savalli
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90075, USA
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Department of Life Science, University of Milan, Milano I-20133, Italy.
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25
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Hong S, Bi M, Wang L, Kang Z, Ling L, Zhao C. CLC-3 channels in cancer (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 33:507-14. [PMID: 25421907 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are involved in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis (programed cell death). Since increased cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis are characteristic features of tumorigenesis, targeting ion channels is a promising strategy for treating cancer. CLC-3 is a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel superfamily and is expressed in many cancer cells. In the plasma membrane, CLC-3 functions as a chloride channel and is associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. CLC-3 is also located in intracellular compartments, contributing to their acidity, which increases sequestration of drugs and leads to chemotherapy drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the recent findings concerning the involvement of CLC-3 in cancer and explore its potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hong
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Limian Ling
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
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26
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Huang W, Liu M, Zhu L, Liu S, Luo H, Ma L, Wang H, Lu R, Sun X, Chen L, Wang L. Functional expression of chloride channels and their roles in the cell cycle and cell proliferation in highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/9/e12137. [PMID: 25214521 PMCID: PMC4270222 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the growth of the poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE‐2Z) was more dependent on the activities of volume‐activated chloride channels than that of the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69‐SV40T). However, the activities and roles of such volume‐activated chloride channels in highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE‐1) are not clarified. In this study, it was found that a volume‐activated chloride current and a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) were induced by 47% hypotonic challenges. The current density and the capacity of RVD in the highly differentiated CNE‐1 cells were lower than those in the poorly differentiated CNE‐2Z cells, and higher than those in the normal cells (NP69‐SV40T). The chloride channel blockers, 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and tamoxifen inhibited the current and RVD. Depletion of intracellular Cl− abolished the RVD. The chloride channel blockers reversibly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phases, but did not change cell viability. The sensitivity of the three cell lines to the chloride channel blockers was different, with the highest in poorly differentiated cells (CNE‐2Z) and the lowest in the normal cells (NP69‐SV40T). ClC‐3 proteins were expressed in the three cells and distributed inside the cells as well as on the cell membrane. In conclusion, the highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE‐1 cells functionally expressed the volume‐activated chloride channels, which may play important roles in controlling cell proliferation through modulating the cell cycle, and may be associated with cell differentiation. Chloride channels may be a potential target of anticancer therapy. In this paper, we demonstrated that the volume‐activated chloride channels were involved in regulating CNE‐1 cells proliferation and cell cycle progress. Thus, volume‐activated chloride channels may be a potential target of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanwen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianshun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiling Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Sun
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Qu Z, Yao W, Yao R, Liu X, Yu K, Hartzell C. The Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) channel, ANO1 (TMEM16A), is a double-edged sword in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2014; 3:453-61. [PMID: 24639373 PMCID: PMC4101736 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since anoctamin 1 ANO1 (TMEM16A) was found to be a molecular component of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, its role in tumorigenesis has gained attention at a fast pace. ANO1 overexpression frequently occurs in the cancer tissues along with 11q13 chromosome amplification. Poor prognosis of many types of cancers has been closely correlated with ANO1 gene amplification and protein overexpression. ANO1 is now considered an excellent biomarker for certain cancers. Recent research suggests that it is the channel function of ANO1 that is involved in the tumorigenesis. However, how the overexpression of the functional ANO1 causes malignant transformation of tissues via signaling pathways, for example, MAPK remains to be investigated. Clarification of the reasons in future will avail to make ANO1 as a target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China; State Key Physiological Discipline, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
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28
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Swelling-activated Cl− currents and intracellular CLC-3 are involved in proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens 2014; 32:318-30. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Stauber T, Weinert S, Jentsch TJ. Cell biology and physiology of CLC chloride channels and transporters. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:1701-44. [PMID: 23723021 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the CLC gene family assemble to homo- or sometimes heterodimers and either function as Cl(-) channels or as Cl(-)/H(+)-exchangers. CLC proteins are present in all phyla. Detailed structural information is available from crystal structures of bacterial and algal CLCs. Mammals express nine CLC genes, four of which encode Cl(-) channels and five 2Cl(-)/H(+)-exchangers. Two accessory β-subunits are known: (1) barttin and (2) Ostm1. ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb Cl(-) channels need barttin, whereas Ostm1 is required for the function of the lysosomal ClC-7 2Cl(-)/H(+)-exchanger. ClC-1, -2, -Ka and -Kb Cl(-) channels reside in the plasma membrane and function in the control of electrical excitability of muscles or neurons, in extra- and intracellular ion homeostasis, and in transepithelial transport. The mainly endosomal/lysosomal Cl(-)/H(+)-exchangers ClC-3 to ClC-7 may facilitate vesicular acidification by shunting currents of proton pumps and increase vesicular Cl(-) concentration. ClC-3 is also present on synaptic vesicles, whereas ClC-4 and -5 can reach the plasma membrane to some extent. ClC-7/Ostm1 is coinserted with the vesicular H(+)-ATPase into the acid-secreting ruffled border membrane of osteoclasts. Mice or humans lacking ClC-7 or Ostm1 display osteopetrosis and lysosomal storage disease. Disruption of the endosomal ClC-5 Cl(-)/H(+)-exchanger leads to proteinuria and Dent's disease. Mouse models in which ClC-5 or ClC-7 is converted to uncoupled Cl(-) conductors suggest an important role of vesicular Cl(-) accumulation in these pathologies. The important functions of CLC Cl(-) channels were also revealed by human diseases and mouse models, with phenotypes including myotonia, renal loss of salt and water, deafness, blindness, leukodystrophy, and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stauber
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin MDC, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Xu L, Zhang S, Fan H, Zhong Z, Li X, Jin X, Chang Q. ClC-3 chloride channel in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3047-54. [PMID: 25206625 PMCID: PMC4146203 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.32.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-production of nitric oxide is pathogenic for neuronal apoptosis around the ischemic area fol-lowing ischemic brain injury. In this study, an apoptotic model in rat hippocampal neurons was tablished by 0.5 mmol/L 3-morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-1), a nitric oxide donor. The models were then cultured with 0.1 mmol/L of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS; the chloride channel blocker) for 18 hours. Neuronal survival was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was assayed by Hoechst 33342-labeled neuronal DNA fluorescence staining. Western blot analysis and immunoche-nescence staining were applied to determine the changes of activated caspase-3 and CIC-3 channel proteins. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of CIC-3. The results showed that SIN-1 reduced the neuronal survival rate, induced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted ClC-3 chloride channel protein and mRNA expression in the apoptotic neurons. DIDS reversed the effect of SIN-1. Our findings indicate that the increased activities of the ClC-3 chloride channel may be involved in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
- First Hospital of Putian City, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongling Fan
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhichao Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jin
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quanzhong Chang
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
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31
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Liu J, Zhang D, Li Y, Chen W, Ruan Z, Deng L, Wang L, Tian H, Yiu A, Fan C, Luo H, Liu S, Wang Y, Xiao G, Chen L, Ye W. Discovery of bufadienolides as a novel class of ClC-3 chloride channel activators with antitumor activities. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5734-43. [PMID: 23799775 DOI: 10.1021/jm400881m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ClC-3 chloride (Cl(-)) channel has been shown to be involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell migration processes. Herein, we found that a series of bufadienolides isolated from toad venom were a novel class of ClC-3 Cl(-) channel activators with antitumor activities. Bufalin, which has the most potent antitumor activity, and 15β-acetyloxybufalin, which has no antitumor activity, were chosen as representative compounds to investigate the role of the ClC-3 Cl(-) channel. It was found that bufalin rapidly elicited activation of the ClC-3 Cl(-) channel and subsequently induced apoptosis through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was attenuated by pretreatment with Cl(-) channel blockers [tamoxifen and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid, NPPB] or ClC-3 small interfereing RNA. In summary, we discovered that activation of the ClC-3 Cl(-) channel, which subsequently induced inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, was involved in the antitumor activities of bufadienolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and §Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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32
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Su J, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yu HM, Kang JS, Liu N, Quan CS, Sun LK. Suppression of Chloride Channel 3 Expression Facilitates Sensitivity of Human Glioma U251 Cells to Cisplatin Through Concomitant Inhibition of Akt and Autophagy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:595-603. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Ye Xu
- Medical Research Laboratory; Jilin Medical College; Jilin City China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology; Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine; Changchun China
| | - Hui-Mei Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jin-Song Kang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Cheng-Shi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Lian-Kun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun China
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33
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Liu Z, Chen C, Yang H, Zhang Y, Long J, Long X, Fang W. Proteomic features of potential tumor suppressor NESG1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Proteomics 2012; 12:3416-25. [PMID: 22997098 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously defined the recently revised NESG1 gene as a potential tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we further used proteomics technology to globally examine NESG1-controlled proteins in NPC cells. Twenty-six proteins were found to be deregulated by NESG1 using proteomics analysis while enolase 1 (alpha) (ENO1), heat shock protein 90 kDa beta (Grp94), member 1 (HSP90B1), and cathepsin D (CTSD) proteins were differentially expressed by Western blot. Interestingly, a-enolase (ENO1), an overexpressed gene in NPC, was confirmed as a NESG1-regulated protein in NPC cells. Overexpressed ENO1 not only restored cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, but also antagonized the regulation of NESG1 to cell-cycle regulators p21 and CCNA1 expression as well as induced the expression of C-Myc, pRB, and E2F1 in NESG1-ovexpressed NPC cells. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that NESG1 expression is negatively correlated with ENO1 expression in NPC tissues. Our observations suggest that ENO1 downregulation plays an important role in NESG1-induced growth inhibition of NPC cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
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34
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Nako Y, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Komatsu S, Konishi H, Iitaka D, Ishii H, Ikoma H, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Ochiai T, Nakahari T, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Enhancement of the cytocidal effects of hypotonic solution using a chloride channel blocker in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatology 2012; 12:440-8. [PMID: 23127534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells exfoliated during surgery for pancreatic cancer can cause peritoneal recurrence. Peritoneal lavage with distilled water has been performed during surgery, but there have been no systematic studies for its efficacy and no experimental data demonstrating the cytocidal effects of distilled water on pancreatic cancer cells. This study investigated the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock and enhancement using chloride channel blocker in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS Three human pancreatic cancer cell lines, KP4-1, PK-1, and PK45-H, were exposed to distilled water, and the resultant morphological changes were observed under a differential interference contrast microscope connected to a high-speed video camera. Analysis of cell volume changes was performed using a high-resolution flow cytometer. To investigate the cytocidal effects of water, re-incubation of cells was performed after exposure to hypotonic solution. Additionally, the effects of 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB), a Cl(-) channel blocker, on cells during exposure to hypotonic solution were analyzed. RESULTS Video recordings demonstrated that hypotonic shock induced cell swelling followed by cell rupture. Measurement of cell volume changes indicated that severe hypotonicity increased broken fragments of cancer cells within 5 min. Re-incubation experiments demonstrated the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock. In all cell lines, treatment with NPPB increased cell volume by inhibiting regulatory volume decreases, which are observed during hypotonic shock, and enhanced the cytocidal effects of hypotonic solution. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the efficacy of peritoneal lavage with distilled water for pancreatic cancer and suggest that regulation of Cl(-) transport enhances the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Nako
- Department of Surgery, Division of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Mao J, Li X, Chen W, Xu B, Zhang H, Li H, Wang L, Jin X, Zhu J, Lin G, Wang W, Chen L. Cell cycle-dependent subcellular distribution of ClC-3 in HeLa cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:763-76. [PMID: 22371056 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) is suggested to be a component and/or a regulator of the volume-activated Cl(-) channel in the plasma membrane. However, ClC-3 is predominantly located inside cells and the role of intracellular ClC-3 in tumor growth is unknown. In this study, we found that the subcellular distribution of endogenous ClC-3 varied in a cell cycle-dependent manner in HeLa cells. During interphase, ClC-3 was distributed throughout the cell and it accumulated at various positions in different stages. In early G1, ClC-3 was mainly located in the nucleus. In middle G1, ClC-3 gathered around the nuclear periphery as a ring. In late G1, ClC-3 moved back into the nucleus, where it remained throughout S phase. In G2, ClC-3 was concentrated in the cytoplasm. When cells progressed from G2 to the prophase of mitosis, ClC-3 from the cytoplasm translocated into the nucleus. During metaphase and anaphase, ClC-3 was distributed throughout the cell except for around the chromosomes and was aggregated at the spindle poles and in between two chromosomes, respectively. ClC-3 was then again concentrated in the nucleus upon the progression from telophase to cytokinesis. These results reveal a cell cycle-dependent change of the subcellular distribution of ClC-3 and strongly suggest that ClC-3 has nucleocytoplasmic shuttling dynamics that may play key regulatory roles during different stages of the cell cycle in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Mao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Differential expression and roles of volume-activated chloride channels in control of growth of normal and cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:324-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cuddapah VA, Habela CW, Watkins S, Moore LS, Barclay TTC, Sontheimer H. Kinase activation of ClC-3 accelerates cytoplasmic condensation during mitotic cell rounding. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C527-38. [PMID: 22049206 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00248.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Mitotic cell rounding" describes the rounding of mammalian cells before dividing into two daughter cells. This shape change requires coordinated cytoskeletal contraction and changes in osmotic pressure. While considerable research has been devoted to understanding mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal contraction, little is known about how osmotic gradients are involved in cell division. Here we describe cytoplasmic condensation preceding cell division, termed "premitotic condensation" (PMC), which involves cells extruding osmotically active Cl(-) via ClC-3, a voltage-gated channel/transporter. This leads to a decrease in cytoplasmic volume during mitotic cell rounding and cell division. Using a combination of time-lapse microscopy and biophysical measurements, we demonstrate that PMC involves the activation of ClC-3 by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in human glioma cells. Knockdown of endogenous ClC-3 protein expression eliminated CaMKII-dependent Cl(-) currents in dividing cells and impeded PMC. Thus, kinase-dependent changes in Cl(-) conductance contribute to an outward osmotic pressure in dividing cells, which facilitates cytoplasmic condensation preceding cell division.
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Banderali U, Jayanthan A, Hoeksema KA, Narendran A, Giles WR. Ion channels in pediatric CNS Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT) cells: potential targets for novel therapeutic agents. J Neurooncol 2011; 107:111-9. [PMID: 21971736 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (CNS AT/RT) is a highly malignant neoplasm that commonly affects infants and young children, and has an extremely poor prognosis. Recently, a small subset of ion channels have been found to be over-expressed in a variety of malignant cells, thus emerging as potential therapeutic targets for difficult to treat tumors. We have studied the electrophysiological properties of AT/RT cell lines with particular attention to cell volume sensitive ion channels (VSC). This class of membrane proteins can play a fundamental role in cellular processes relevant to tumor development. We have found that chloride selective VSCs are particularly active in AT/RT cell lines, compared to non-tumor cells. We evaluated specific inhibitors for activity against chloride selective VSCs and consequently for their ability to inhibit the growth and survival of AT/RT cells in vitro. The results demonstrated that the extent of volume sensitive membrane current inhibition by these agents was correlated with their potency in AT/RT cell growth inhibition in vitro. In addition, we showed that ion channel inhibition enhanced the activity of certain anti-neoplastic agents, suggesting its value in effective drug combination protocols. Results presented provide preliminary in vitro data for possible evaluation of distinct ion channels as plausible therapeutic targets in the treatment of AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Banderali
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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