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Disabato DJ, Foust JL, Taber JM, Thompson CA, Sidney PG, Coifman KG. What drives preventative health behaviors one year into a pandemic? A replication and extension. Psychol Health 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38958065 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2372651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective: There is continued interest in understanding what leads people to engage in CDC-recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. We tested whether fear and COVID-19 worry would replicate as the primary drivers of six CDC recommended prevention behaviors. Methods and Measures: We recruited 741 adult participants during the second major peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (early 2021). Using very similar methods to the original study, participants completed a 10-day daily diary. Mixed effects models identified the strongest predictors of each individual prevention behavior as well as approach and avoidance behavior clusters. Results: At the between-person level, COVID-19 worry, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility, fear, and positive emotions all had positive zero-order associations with the prevention behaviors. However, with all predictors in the same model together, primarily COVID-19 worry remained significant for both the individual behaviors and behavior clusters. At the within-person level, only fear related to assessing oneself for COVID-19 and approach behaviors on the same day, but not the next day. Mediational analyses suggested COVID-19 worry, but not COVID-19 susceptibility, mediated the links between fear and approach/avoidance behaviors. Conclusion: Findings replicated worry about yourself or a loved one getting COVID-19 as the strongest predictor of prevention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Disabato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy L Foust
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Taber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | - Pooja G Sidney
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Karin G Coifman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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2
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Kim DH, Lim TH, Hwang YJ, Kim S. Predicting Support for COVID-19 Policies with Partisan Media Use and Negative Emotion: Evidence from the U.S. and South Korea. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:32-40. [PMID: 38146155 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2236963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
While prior scholarship on preventive health behaviors has focused on identifying their cognitive predictors, emerging literature suggests that emotion may also be an important determinant of health behaviors. Drawing from appraisal theory and the discrete-emotions models of affect, the current study establishes emotional pathways to support for COVID-19 policies and social distancing behavior. Analyses of survey data collected in the U.S. and South Korea demonstrate that negative emotion experienced following partisan media use increases support for COVID-19 policies and social distancing behavior. Particularly, fear and anxiety toward the pandemic emerged as strong mediators in both countries while sadness also mediated the pathways in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dam Hee Kim
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Lim
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Hwang
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- School of Media and Communication, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Hinssen M, Dohle S. Personal protective behaviors in response to COVID-19: a longitudinal application of protection motivation theory. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1195607. [PMID: 37655201 PMCID: PMC10465328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1195607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disease outbreaks are expected to occur more frequently and spread more rapidly in the age of globalization. Personal protective behaviors strongly affect infection and death rates worldwide. It is therefore of prime importance to better understand which factors predict personal protective behaviors during a pandemic. Protection motivation theory (PMT) proposes that people's motivation to protect themselves is based on two appraisal processes: threat appraisal and coping appraisal. Building on PMT, this longitudinal study aimed to predict personal protective behaviors in response to COVID-19, including hand hygiene, physical distancing, and mask wearing. Method In the first wave of the study (November, 2020), the two appraisal processes as specified in PMT as well as intentions to perform protective behaviors were assessed in a representative sample of German adults (N = 328). In the second wave of this study, which was conducted one month later, the frequency of protective behaviors was measured. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether threat and coping appraisal predicted intentions and protective behaviors. Results Response rate for the second wave was high (87%). For all three behaviors, self-efficacy predicted intentions and also indirectly behavior (i.e., mediated via intentions). Furthermore, exploratory tests of alternative theoretical models suggested that both self-efficacy and costs have direct effects (i.e., independent from their relationship with intentions) on performed behavior. Conclusion To support individuals to engage in protective behaviors during a pandemic, it is important to reduce barriers to action and to foster individuals' self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hinssen
- Gender in Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Dohle
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Howe PD, Wilhelmi OV, Hayden MH, O'Lenick C. Geographic and demographic variation in worry about extreme heat and COVID-19 risk in summer 2020. APPLIED GEOGRAPHY (SEVENOAKS, ENGLAND) 2023; 152:102876. [PMID: 36686332 PMCID: PMC9841085 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extreme heat is a major health hazard that is exacerbated by ongoing human-caused climate change. However, how populations perceive the risks of heat in the context of other hazards like COVID-19, and how perceptions vary geographically, are not well understood. Here we present spatially explicit estimates of worry among the U.S. public about the risks of heat and COVID-19 during the summer of 2020, using nationally representative survey data and a multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) model. Worry about extreme heat and COVID-19 varies both across states and across demographic groups, in ways that reflect disparities in the impact of each risk. Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino populations, who face greater health impacts from both COVID-19 and extreme heat due to institutional and societal inequalities, also tend to be much more worried about both risks than white, non-Hispanic populations. Worry about heat and COVID-19 were correlated at the individual and population level, and patterns tended to be related to underlying external factors associated with the risk environment. In the face of a changing climate there is an urgent need to address disparities in heat risk and develop responses that ensure the most at-risk populations are protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Howe
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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5
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Sobierajski T, Surma S, Romańczyk M, Krzystanek M. The Global Pandemic as a Life-Changer? Medical, Psychological, or Self Help during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Representative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1092. [PMID: 36673848 PMCID: PMC9859610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The survey was conducted on a representative adult sample of Poles one year after the announcement of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The survey aimed to determine how the public in different social groups and age categories assessed the impact of the pandemic on their personal and professional lives, and where and to what extent respondents sought psychological and medical help to cope with the effects caused by the pandemic. The survey was conducted using the CAWI technique based on a questionnaire designed by an interdisciplinary team of experts. The study indicated that 61.9% of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not bring any good, and had rather adverse effects on their lives, and 57.7% of respondents declared that the pandemic had not affected their professional lives. Nearly half of the respondents (45.0%) declared that although the pandemic forced them to change their personal lives, it did not work out for them. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, every eighth respondent (12.3%) contacted a mental health specialist-a psychologist, or psychiatrist. Young people most often use psychological and medical help. Due to its representative nature, the survey can be used for in-depth qualitative analyses of the impact of the pandemic on people's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sobierajski
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialization, University of Warsaw, 26/28 Krakowskie Przedmieście Str., 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Surma
- Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 45/47 Ziołowa Str., 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Romańczyk
- Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 45/47 Ziołowa Str., 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 45/47 Ziołowa Str., 40-635 Katowice, Poland
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6
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Zhu H. Interplay between Discrete Emotions and Preventive Behavior in Health Crises: Big Data Analysis of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16407. [PMID: 36554288 PMCID: PMC9778743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between discrete emotions and COVID-19 prevention behaviors will help healthcare professionals and providers to implement effective risk communication and effective risk decision making. This study analyzes data related to COVID-19 posted by the American public on Twitter and identifies three discrete negative emotions (anger, anxiety, and sadness) of the public from massive text data. Next, econometric analyses (i.e., the Granger causality test and impulse response functions) are performed to evaluate the interplay between discrete emotions and preventive behavior based on emotional time series and Google Shopping Trends time series, representing public preventive behavior. Based on the textual analysis of tweets from the United States, the following conclusions are drawn: Anger is a Granger cause of preventive behavior and has a slightly negative effect on the public's preventive behavior. Anxiety is a Granger cause of preventive behavior and has a positive effect on preventive behavior. Furthermore, preventive behavior is a Granger cause of anxiety and has a negative and lagging effect on anxiety. Exploring how discrete emotions, such as anger and anxiety, affect preventive behaviors will effectively demonstrate how discrete emotions play qualitatively different roles in promoting preventive behaviors. Moreover, understanding the impact of preventive behaviors on discrete emotions is useful for better risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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7
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Grignoli N, Filipponi C, Petrocchi S. Eliciting empathetic drives to prosocial behavior during stressful events. Front Psychol 2022; 13:963544. [PMID: 36337517 PMCID: PMC9632620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current pandemic situation, psychological science is increasingly considered by public health policy. Empathy is mainly recognized as a crucial drive for prosocial behavior. However, this rich body of evidence still lacks visibility and implementation. Effective social programs are needed, and little is known about how to elicit empathetic drives. The paper gives first a clear foundation to the role of empathy during stressful events. It provides then a comprehensive overview of innovative interventions triggering empathic response in the public such as fiction, film, and theater. Moreover, it integrates interactive ways of sharing personal views that could elicit empathetic feelings in different people. Advances deriving from this perspective could be of significant public interest in the current and future health crises and help authorities develop innovative social programs, which should be the focus of further scientific inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grignoli
- Cantonal Socio-Psychiatric Organisation, Public Health Division, Department of Health and Social Care, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital of Bellinzona and Valleys, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicola Grignoli, ; Serena Petrocchi,
| | - Chiara Filipponi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Lab of Applied Psychology and Intervention, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Grignoli, ; Serena Petrocchi,
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Social cognition theories and behavior change in COVID-19: A conceptual review. Behav Res Ther 2022; 154:104095. [PMID: 35605335 PMCID: PMC9005242 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented health, economic, and social consequences worldwide. Although contact reductions and wearing face coverings have reduced infection rates, and vaccines have reduced illness severity, emergence of new variants of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and the shift from pandemic to endemic patterns of infection, highlights the importance of ongoing preventive behavior adherence to manage future outbreaks. Research applying social cognition theories may assist in explaining variance in these behaviors and inform the development of efficacious behavior change interventions to promote adherence. In the present article, we summarize research applying these theories to identify modifiable determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and the mechanisms involved, and their utility in informing interventions. We identify limitations of these applications (e.g., overreliance on correlational data, lack of long-term behavioral follow-up), and suggest how they can be addressed. We demonstrate the virtue of augmenting theories with additional constructs (e.g., moral norms, anticipated regret) and processes (e.g., multiple action phases, automatic processes) to provide comprehensive, parsimonious behavioral explanations. We also outline how the theories contribute to testing mechanisms of action of behavioral interventions. Finally, we recommend future studies applying these theories to inform and test interventions to promote COVID-19 preventive behavior adherence.
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9
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Persad-Clem R, Hoerster KD, Romano EFT, Huizar N, Maier KJ. Climate to COVID, global to local, policies to people: a biopsychosocial ecological framework for syndemic prevention and response in behavioral medicine. Transl Behav Med 2022; 12:516-525. [PMID: 35613005 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Land development, pollution, and waste have affected natural environments, contributing to hurricanes, wildfires, and pandemic infectious diseases like COVID-19. Globalized corporate food systems that produce ultra-refined foods with low nutritional value contribute to both environmental conditions and health conditions like obesity and undernutrition. This has the greatest impact on communities already suffering from elevated health risks driven by economic inequities rooted in racism. These interacting environmental, health, and social conditions represent a syndemic. We outline practical suggestions to address this syndemic of environmental degradation, pandemic infectious disease, chronic disease, undernutrition, and inequity through research and practice at many levels, including individual behavior, local communities, and regional, national and global policy. Collaboration with communities is central to simultaneously tackling interconnected human and environmental health threats. For example, community-led groups have increased access to healthy food in response to pandemic conditions. Building on behavioral medicine's rich foundation of ecological models, communities have partnered with local researchers to address the needs of equitable public transport and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through multilevel research and practice. Policymakers, researchers, practitioners, and community members should collaborate with each other and across disciplines to find lasting, multiduty solutions to improve physical, psychosocial, and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Persad-Clem
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, School of Graduate Education, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
| | - Katherine D Hoerster
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle Division, Mental Health Service, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evalynn Fae T Romano
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy Huizar
- Got Green Seattle, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.,NHuizar Consulting LLC, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Karl J Maier
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD 21801, USA
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10
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Li S, Gao Z, Zhong M, Yu Z, Li J, Bi H. Chinese University Students' Awareness and Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:845-864. [PMID: 35519502 PMCID: PMC9064172 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s360274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The emergence of the mutant virus has exacerbated the COVID-19 epidemic, and vaccines remain an effective and viable means of resistance. As a socially influential young group, university students’ awareness and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine are crucial to achieving herd immunity. This study aimed to assess the awareness and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese university students and identify possible factors associated with their awareness level and vaccine hesitancy. Patients and Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese university students between 10 and 28 June 2021. We collected information on the demographic characteristics, awareness and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, and influencing factors. Sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders were also evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Among the 721 participants (aged 18 to 23 years) with a female predominance (68.9%), 40.4% of cases exhibited moderate awareness the COVID-19 vaccine, and 87.4% of cases expressed high acceptance of the vaccine. Participants’ awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with gender, ethnicity, region of residence, grade level, satisfaction with current state of pandemic control, the perceived likelihood of a COVID-19 pandemic rebound, the source number of COVID-19 information, concerns about differences in vaccine manufacturers, acceptance of current state-approved vaccines and insomnia level. Furthermore, age, preferred channels for vaccination and the acceptance of current state-approved vaccines were significantly associated with their acceptance of the vaccine. Conclusion This study reflected Chinese university students’ high acceptance, but insufficient awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine, some students have insomnia and anxiety problems. These require the government to take measures such as individualized publicity and education, adding professional psychological counseling courses to improve the university students’ awareness of vaccines and public health events, and comprehensively promote vaccination to cope with the ever-changing situation of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihan Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Thompson J, Squiers L, Frasier AM, Bann CM, Bevc CA, MacDonald PDM, McCormack LA. Americans' Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Preventive and Mitigation Behaviors and Implications for Public Health Communication. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:987-995. [PMID: 35388708 PMCID: PMC9001054 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221086962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Identifying drivers of behavior is essential to develop effective messaging around COVID-19 prevention and mitigation. Our study assessed for behavioral antecedents of social distancing, wearing face coverings, and sheltering in place during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although ours is an early assessment, understanding motivation for behavior will remain critical as U.S. vaccination uptake has stalled and variants continue to pose a health threat. Design Cross-sectional survey; Setting: Online assessments in April 10–13 and 17–20, 2020; Subjects: 2,279 U.S. adults identified through a national, probability-based web panel (34% response rate). Measures: self-reported behavior, perceived effectiveness and risk, worry, social norms, and knowledge. Analysis Multivariable regression analyses Results Most Americans reported social distancing (91%) and sheltering in place (86%). Just over half reported wearing face coverings (51%), whereas more (77%) said they intended to do so. Perceived effectiveness of the behavior was consistently associated with each outcome (OR = 2.34, 1.40, 2.11, respectively; all P < .01). Perceptions about the extent to which others should comply with behavior (social norms) were strongly associated with intentions to wear a face covering only (OR = 6.30, 95% CI 4.34-9.15; P < .001) and worry about getting COVID-19 was associated with sheltering in place and social distancing (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.15–5.00; 4.91, 95% CI 1.66, 14.50, respectively; all P < .05). Conclusion Behavioral constructs were strongly associated with COVID-19 preventive and mitigation behaviors and have implications for communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Squiers
- 6856RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Carla M Bann
- 6856RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Pia D M MacDonald
- 6856RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A McCormack
- 6856RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Department of Health Policy & Administration, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Vega-Villalobos A, Almanza-Ortega NN, Torres-Poveda K, Pérez-Ortega J, Barahona I. Correlation between mobility in mass transport and mortality due to COVID-19: A comparison of Mexico City, New York, and Madrid from a data science perspective. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264713. [PMID: 35298483 PMCID: PMC8929656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In most big cities, public transports are enclosed and crowded spaces. Therefore, they are considered as one of the most important triggers of COVID-19 spread. Most of the existing research related to the mobility of people and COVID-19 spread is focused on investigating highly frequented paths by analyzing data collected from mobile devices, which mainly refer to geo-positioning records. In contrast, this paper tackles the problem by studying mass mobility. The relations between daily mobility on public transport (subway or metro) in three big cities and mortality due to COVID-19 are investigated. Data collected for these purposes come from official sources, such as the web pages of the cities’ local governments. To provide a systematic framework, we applied the IBM Foundational Methodology for Data Science to the epidemiological domain of this paper. Our analysis consists of moving averages with a moving window equal to seven days so as to avoid bias due to weekly tendencies. Among the main findings of this work are: a) New York City and Madrid show similar distribution on studied variables, which resemble a Gauss bell, in contrast to Mexico City, and b) Non-pharmaceutical interventions don’t bring immediate results, and reductions to the number of deaths due to COVID are observed after a certain number of days. This paper yields partial evidence for assessing the effectiveness of public policies in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirvis Torres-Poveda
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Igor Barahona
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Matemáticas, Laboratorio de Aplicaciones de las Matemáticas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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13
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Developing a Behavior Change Framework for Pandemic Prevention and Control in Public Spaces in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Preventive behavior, such as hand hygiene, facemask wearing, and social distancing, plays a vital role in containing the spread of viruses during pandemics. However, people in many parts of the world usually encounter difficulties adhering to this behavior due to various causes. Thus, this article aims to develop a research framework and propose design strategies to prompt individuals’ behavior change during pandemics. Initially, we integrated a literature review and a structured interview (n = 22) to ascertain the core factors impacting behavior change during pandemics. These factors were categorized into four aspects: perceptional factors (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavior control, risk perceptions); social factors (knowledge and information dissemination, governmental regulations); physical factors (tools and facilities and surveillance); and sociocultural factor (cultural contexts). Then, a theoretical framework with antecedents was developed to reveal behavior intention and formation process. After that, an empirical study was carried out to test the research framework through a questionnaire survey (n = 549). The research findings indicated that all derived factors could directly or indirectly affect individuals’ preventive behavior during pandemics. This article strives to provide valuable insights for different stakeholders when coping with pandemic situations.
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14
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Carlson DL, Fielding-Singh P, Petts RJ, Williams K. Between a Rock and a Hard Place: COVID Concerns and Partnered U.S. Mothers' Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SOCIUS : SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR A DYNAMIC WORLD 2022; 8:23780231221138721. [PMID: 36474868 PMCID: PMC9716058 DOI: 10.1177/23780231221138721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Shutdowns of in-person school and childcare in spring 2020 in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were associated with substantial reductions in mothers' labor force participation (LFP). By fall 2020, in-person school and daycare were more widely available, but mothers' LFP remained as low as it was in spring. Coincidently, by fall 2020, daily COVID deaths had also began to peak. Using unique panel survey data from partnered U.S. mothers (n = 263), the authors use structural equation modeling to analyze how mothers' concerns over COVID shaped their LFP in fall 2020. Findings show that mothers' COVID concerns were associated with reduced LFP via children's time at home, perceived stress, and remote work. Concerned mothers were more likely to keep children home, but this resulted in less paid work likely vis-à-vis work-family conflicts. The findings illuminate one reason mothers' LFP failed to rebound in fall 2020 despite increased access to in-person school and daycare.
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