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Wippold GM, Abshire DA, Wilson DK, Woods T, Zarrett N, Griffith DM. Shop Talk: A Qualitative Study to Understand Peer Health-related Communication Among Black Men at the Barbershop. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:498-505. [PMID: 38815252 PMCID: PMC11185087 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While successful health promotion efforts among Black men have been implemented at barbershops, the focus has largely been on outcomes as opposed to the processes by which outcomes are produced. An understanding of processes can be leveraged in the design and implementation of future efforts to improve the health of Black men. PURPOSE The objectives of the present study were to: (i) understand peer-derived sources of health-related support at the barbershop and (ii) understand the role of the barbershop in promoting health among Black men. METHODS Seven focus groups were conducted at barbershops used predominately by Black men. Each focus group lasted between 45 and 60 min. Using a thematic approach, each focus group was independently coded by two coders using a codebook derived from an inductive and deductive approach. The results were confirmed with members of the community advisory board. RESULTS Three themes emerged: (i) dynamic and candid exchange of health-related support at the barbershop; (ii) tailored forms of health-related and judgment-free communication that provide encouragement and increase motivation; and (iii) characteristics of a supportive environment at the barbershop that facilitate health-related communication. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study offer a potential pathway for public health efforts seeking to improve health among Black men. Those interested in designing and implementing these efforts can create tailored programs for Black men by recognizing and leveraging the unique dynamics of health-related conversations at the barbershop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Demetrius A Abshire
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Terry Woods
- Healthy Mind, Body, and Family Foundation, Sumter, South Carolina, USA
- Main Attraction Barbershop, Sumter, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole Zarrett
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Derek M Griffith
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Men’s Health Equity, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Racial Justice Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Wippold GM, Crichlow ZR, Garcia KA, Domlyn A, Sanchez S, Frank L, Mote T, Frary SG, Woods T. Assessing organizational readiness for the Clean Cuts and Sharp Minds Collective: a barbershop health promotion network. Implement Sci Commun 2024; 5:42. [PMID: 38627824 PMCID: PMC11022399 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-024-00584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black men have among the lowest life expectancy in the United States. Alarmingly, these men are underrepresented in health promotion efforts. There are well-documented barriers to recruiting and retaining Black men in health promotion efforts, such as exclusionary research practices - many researchers may be hesitant to reach Black men in culturally unique spaces, such as barbershops. Despite these practices, qualitative research among Black men unanimously find that Black men are interested in health promotion efforts. The Clean Cuts and Sharp Minds Collective (CCSMC) was designed to bridge this gap. The objectives of the CCSMC are to train barbers to be lay advocates for their clients, train barbers to be research partners, and serve as a nexus between barbers interested in health promotion at their shops and researchers interested in implementing such efforts. The present study sought to assess the organizational readiness of barbershops in South Carolina (SC) to participate in the CCSMC. METHODS Barbers in SC were invited to complete a modified version of the Readiness Thinking Tool to assess organizational readiness to participate in the CCSMC. RESULTS Thirty-six (36; mean age = 41.12; 94.4% identified as Black; 91.7% identified as male) barbers completed the organizational readiness assessment. Results indicated that there was a high level of motivation, innovation-specific capacity, and general capacity within barbershops to participate in the CCSMC. Additionally, many barbers indicated that there would be widespread support to join the CCSMC. CONCLUSIONS The results from the present study highlight exciting opportunities and future directions for barbershop-academic partnerships. Such partnerships have the potential to promote health equity among, and in partnership with, Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Zion R Crichlow
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kaylyn A Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ariel Domlyn
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shane Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lucina Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Thrisha Mote
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Sarah Grace Frary
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Terry Woods
- Main Attraction Barbershop, Sumter, SC, USA
- Healthy Mind, Body, and Family Foundation, Sumter, SC, USA
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Wippold GM, Garcia KA, Frary SG, Griffith DM. Community Health Worker Interventions for Men: A Scoping Review Using the RE-AIM Framework. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:128-143. [PMID: 37350223 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231179498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community health workers (CHWs) are health promotion specialists who are trusted members of the community served and have a close understanding of the community's needs and values. CHWs are a cost-effective and scalable workforce to promote health among men through tailored approaches. The purpose of the present review was to use the RE-AIM Framework to assess design, implementation, and outcomes of CHW-implemented health promotion efforts tailored for men to provide recommendations for future efforts. METHODS The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO. The primary inclusion criteria were that the interventions were (a) implemented at least partially by CHWs, (b) conducted only among men, and (c) designed to improve a health-related outcome. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus were searched using a librarian-generated search strategy. In all, 1,437 articles were uploaded to Rayyan and two reviewers blindly reviewed each article for inclusion. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most interventions (a) targeted men under 50 years, (b) were conducted among a subset of underserved men, (c) improved health outcomes, (d) community-based and informed, (e) atheoretical, and (f) had satisfactory retention rates. The roles and responsibilities of CHWs were varied. Attention was given to training of CHWs, but limited attention was given to how/if the CHWs were supervised. DISCUSSION CHW-implemented interventions can improve health outcomes among men. Opportunities exist to build on past interventions, such as addressing mental health and incorporating prosocial aspects of masculinity. The results have implications for designing similar interventions.
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Wippold GM, Abshire DA, Garcia KA, Crichlow Z, Frary SG, Murphy ER, Frank L, Johnson L, Woods T. Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Men's Health Fair. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319231222766. [PMID: 38178605 PMCID: PMC10768586 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231222766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Strategies are needed to promote the uptake of preventive health services among Black, Hispanic, and rural men because these men underutilize health services. Previous research indicates that men prefer community-based health promotion programming, such as health fairs; however, specific guidance on how to tailor health fairs for Black, Hispanic, and rural men are lacking. The present seeks to study provides that guidance. METHODS A multisectoral team developed, implemented, and evaluated a men's health fair in a county of South Carolina with a sizeable Black, Hispanic, and rural-dwelling population. Although the health fair was open to all men in the county, specific outreach campaigns were implemented to attract Black and Hispanic men. The health fair occurred on Father's Day weekend in 2023 and consisted of health screenings, health information, and other resources (eg, condoms, research studies). Participants who attended the health fair were asked to complete a check-in survey (N = 103) that assessed demographic information and how they heard about the health fair, followed by a survey (N = 58) that assessed facilitators/barriers to participation in a men's health fair. RESULTS Results were stratified by the gender of respondent. The results highlight the facilitators/barriers experienced by men to attending health fairs and also highlight important differences in facilitators/barriers for men to attend a health fair as perceived by men and women. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for the design and implementation of future men's health fairs to promote preventive health service use among Black, Hispanic, and rural men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - LaVonda Johnson
- Sandhills Medical Foundation, Inc., Sumter, SC, USA
- Sumter Prevention Team, Sumter, SC, USA
| | - Terry Woods
- Main Attraction Barbershop, Sumter, SC, USA
- Healthy Mind, Body, and Family Foundation, Sumter, SC, USA
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Goddard-Eckrich D, Gatanaga OS, Thomas BV, Liu Y, Downey DL, Dsouza N, Medley B, Hunt T, Wu E, Johnson K, Black C, Brown M, Hall J, El-Bassel N, Gilbert L. Characteristics of drug-involved black women under community supervision; implications for retention in HIV clinical trials and healthcare. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2024; 63:35-52. [PMID: 37965711 PMCID: PMC10842763 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2023.2278781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined retention and its relationship to mental health, substance use, and social determinants of health in a randomized clinical trial of a behavioral HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention intervention with drug-involved Black women (N = 348) under community supervision programs in New York City. Using secondary analysis, we used logistic models to test the association between factors related to mental health, substance use, and social determinants of health and follow-up assessment completion (three, six, and 12 months). Participants who were diagnosed with schizophrenia had lower odds of retention. Participants who misused prescription opiates during their lifetime or food insecure in the past 90 days had higher odds of retention throughout the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Liu
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dget Lynn Downey
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nishita Dsouza
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bethany Medley
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Hunt
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elwin Wu
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Karen Johnson
- University of Alabama School of Social Work, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Chermaine Black
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mary Brown
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Hall
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nabila El-Bassel
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- The Social Intervention Group, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Wippold GM, Jowers T, Garcia KA, Frary SG, Murphy H, Brown S, Carr B, Jeter O, Johnson K, Williams TL. Understanding and Promoting Preventive Health Service Use Among Black Men: Community-Driven and Informed Insights. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01864-3. [PMID: 38017346 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Black men experience high rates of adverse health that can be prevented or mitigated by the regular use of preventive health services. Efforts are urgently needed to promote this type of health service use among Black men. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the Institute of Medicine indicate that such efforts must align with Black men's values, perspectives, and preferences. However, little guidance exists on how to align these efforts for Black men. The present qualitative study was developed to understand factors associated with preventive health service use among Black men and community-informed strategies to promote preventive health service use among these men. An approach rooted in community-based participatory research and ecological theory was used. A core leadership team consisting of five Black men from the area guided the project's development, implementation, and evaluation. The core leadership team conducted 22 interviews with Black men from their communities. Four themes emerged from these interviews: (1) holistic well-being challenges faced by Black men: interaction of mental, physical, and societal forces; (2) the interplay of financial, informational, and gendered barriers/facilitators to using preventative health services among Black men; (3) the importance of shared identity in peer health education about preventive health service use; and (4) the need for community-centered initiatives to improve preventive health service use among Black men that prioritize accessibility and information. Findings of the present study can be used to tailor preventive health service use efforts for Black men. Such efforts have the potential to promote health and mitigate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Terri Jowers
- Aiken Center, Aiken, SC, USA
- South Carolina Community Health Workers Association, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kaylyn A Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Sarah Grace Frary
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | - Steven Brown
- Dreams Imagination and Gift Development, Simpsonville, SC, USA
| | | | - Orion Jeter
- Free Medical Clinic of Aiken County, Aiken, SC, USA
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Wippold GM, Frary SG, Garcia KA, Wilson DK. Implementing barbershop-based health-promotion interventions for Black men: A systematic scoping review. Health Psychol 2023; 42:435-447. [PMID: 37227823 PMCID: PMC10330434 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-promotion efforts among Black men in the United States have been limited in their ability to recruit, retain, and produce meaningful health-related changes. These difficulties have led to Black men being referred to as a "hard-to-reach" population-a designation that places undue blame on these men as opposed to the dissemination and implementation strategies being used by health-promotion specialists. Gender- and race-based strategies that align with the lived experiences of these men are likely to circumvent these challenges. Barbershops are cultural institutions that are uniquely positioned to promote health among Black men. There is little guidance on how to develop, implement, and evaluate barbershop-based efforts. This scoping review seeks to provide this guidance by applying the RE-AIM framework to analyze existing interventions. METHOD Information was identified by searching the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A grey literature search was conducted using Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results were uploaded to Rayyan. Each article was independently and blindly assessed by two reviewers. A third reviewer blindly resolved any discrepancies. Data were then independently extracted by the two reviewers. Discrepancies were flagged and resolved collaboratively. RESULTS Results indicate that barbershop-based health-promotion efforts that prioritize community engagement and intentional alignment to the gender- and race-based lived experiences of Black men are likely to result in satisfactory recruitment, retention, and health-related changes among these men. CONCLUSIONS More intervention efforts are needed that target young Black adults, rural Black men, mental health outcomes, and which implement peer-to-peer models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Bernhart JA, Turner-McGrievy GM, Wilson MJ, Sentman C, Wilcox S, Rudisill C. NEW Soul in the neighborhood-reach and effectiveness of a dissemination and implementation feasibility study. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:123-131. [PMID: 36689305 PMCID: PMC10068901 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) studies of dietary interventions for African Americans are limited. Restaurants may be an innovative setting to deliver dietary interventions. Purpose: Assess weight loss, self-efficacy for healthy eating, diet quality, and quality of life in African Americans in two groups: virtual synchronous and virtual asynchronous. Guided by RE-AIM, the Nutritious Eating with Soul @ Rare Variety Café Feasibility study included nutrition education, accountability partners for support, and cooking demonstrations led by a community health worker and was delivered across two cohorts in a non-randomized design. The intervention was conducted over 12 consecutive weekly classes. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, intervention delivery was online. African Americans between 18-65 years old with overweight/obesity, not currently following a plant-based diet or taking medications to control diabetes, and living in a southeastern city were recruited. Participants completed in-person weight assessments and online surveys at baseline and post-intervention. Linear mixed models analyzed changes in outcomes and differences in 3-month outcomes between groups. All models controlled for age and sex. Regarding Reach, 199 participants expressed interest, and 60 enrolled. Among the full sample, participants decreased body weight -2.6 ± 0.5 kg (p < .0001) and increased self-efficacy 1.6 ± 0.7 points (p = .03). No differences in 3-month outcomes between groups were observed. This D&I feasibility study successfully recruited participants during the COVID-19 pandemic and produced significant results. The successful online intervention delivery compared to in-person suggests the potential for greater D&I in vegan soul food restaurants. As restrictions are loosened, future studies will test in-person delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bernhart
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mary J Wilson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Claudia Sentman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Caroline Rudisill
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Wippold GM, Garcia KA, Frary SG. The role of sense of community in improving the health-related quality of life among Black Americans. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:251-269. [PMID: 35700438 PMCID: PMC9742166 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Black Americans have the lowest life expectancy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; a strong predictor of premature mortality) of any racial/ethnic group in the United States. Low rates of physical activity and engagement in healthy eating are two known contributors to low HRQoL. Black Americans are more likely to live in environments that inhibit engagement in these two contributors. The present study examined sense of community as a buffer against the adverse effects of low physical activity and healthy eating on HRQoL among Black Americans. A sample of 290 Black American adults were recruited for the present study. Results indicate that sense of community buffers against the adverse effects of low physical activity on HRQoL. The results of the present study can be used by health promotion interventionists and policy-makers to improve HRQoL and reduce premature mortality among Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M. Wippold
- Department of PsychologyBarnwell College, University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kaylyn A. Garcia
- Department of PsychologyBarnwell College, University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sarah Grace Frary
- Department of PsychologyBarnwell College, University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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Matthews AK, Murray M, Ben Levi J, Odell D, Jeremiah R, Moore L, Oyaluade D, Chappel A, Burke L, Watson K. Preliminary Evaluation of a Citizen Scientist Educational Curriculum Aimed at Engaging Black Men in Lung Cancer Early Detection Screening. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221099417. [PMID: 35694882 PMCID: PMC9201322 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221099417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes an educational program to engage African American men as citizen scientists (CSs) and future research partners in a lung cancer screening project. We provide an overview of the curriculum used, the structure and format of the educational sessions, and associated educational outcomes. Furthermore, we describe lessons learned in the engagement of African American men as CS in community-based lung-health equity research. The CS educational program included five group-based sessions delivered through zoom. The educational curriculum was adapted from the University of Florida Citizen Scientist program and tailored to address lung health and the contextual experiences of African American men. Each session lasted 90 minutes. Pre- and post-test measures were collected to examine changes in knowledge, comfort, health literacy, research interests, and medical mistrust. Eight African American men completed the CS educational program. Attendance rates were high for each session (100%). Seven participants completed additional human subject research certification. Improvements were observed from pre- to post-test in participants' level of knowledge, comfort, and health literacy but not medical mistrust. CS reported the most interest in participating in research aimed to identify important community strengths and problems. Study findings suggest that it was feasible to deliver an online citizen scientist educational program designed to prepare participants to serve as partners in a lung cancer screening intervention for African American men. Results suggest the educational program has the potential to improve key outcomes including completion of regulatory training and increased research-related knowledge, comfort, and health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K. Matthews
- College of Nursing, The University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Josef Ben Levi
- College of Education, Northeastern
Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Odell
- Feinberg School of Medicine,
Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohan Jeremiah
- College of Nursing, The University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Damilola Oyaluade
- Cancer Center, The University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexis Chappel
- College of Education, Northeastern
Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Larisa Burke
- College of Nursing, The University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karriem Watson
- School of Public Health, The University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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