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Hmadcha A, Soria B, Zhao RC, Smani T, Valverde I. Editorial: A Compendium of Recent Research on Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Covid-19. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:813384. [PMID: 34970555 PMCID: PMC8713248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.813384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Abdelkrim Hmadcha,
| | - Bernat Soria
- University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering-ISABIAL, University Miguel Hernández School of Medicine, Alicante, Spain
| | - Robert C. Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- International Society on Aging and Disease, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Tarik Smani
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Israel Valverde
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Shahgolzari M, Yavari A, Arjeini Y, Miri SM, Darabi A, Mozaffari Nejad AS, Keshavarz M. Immunopathology and Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, what we know and what we should learn. GENE REPORTS 2021; 25:101417. [PMID: 34778602 PMCID: PMC8570409 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly interacts with host's epithelial and immune cells, leading to inflammatory response induction, which is considered the hallmark of infection. The host immune system is programmed to facilitate the clearance of viral infection by establishing a modulated response. However, SARS-CoV-2 takes the initiative and its various structural and non-structural proteins directly or indirectly stimulate the uncontrolled activation of injurious inflammatory pathways through interaction with innate immune system mediators. Upregulation of cell-signaling pathways such as mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) in response to recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens by innate immune system receptors mediates unbridled production of proinflammatory cytokines and cells causing cytokine storm, tissue damage, increased pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and mortality. Moreover, this acute inflammatory state hinders the immunomodulatory effect of T helper cells and timely response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against infection. Furthermore, inflammation-induced overproduction of Th17 cells can downregulate the antiviral response of Th1 and Th2 cells. In fact, the improperly severe response of the innate immune system is the key to conversion from a non-severe to severe disease state and needs to be investigated more deeply. The virus can also modulate the protective immune responses by developing immune evasion mechanisms, and thereby provide a more stable niche. Overall, combination of detrimental immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory properties of both the SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells does complicate the immune interplay. Thorough understanding of immunopathogenic basis of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 has led to developing several advanced vaccines and immune-based therapeutics and should be expanded more rapidly. In this review, we tried to delineate the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and to provide insight into more effective therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afagh Yavari
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Arjeini
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Miri
- Freelance Researcher of Biomedical Sciences, No 32, Vaezi Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Tripathy S, Verma DK, Thakur M, Patel AR, Srivastav PP, Singh S, Gupta AK, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar CN, Chakravorty N, Verma HK, Utama GL. Curcumin Extraction, Isolation, Quantification and Its Application in Functional Foods: A Review With a Focus on Immune Enhancement Activities and COVID-19. Front Nutr 2021; 8:747956. [PMID: 34621776 PMCID: PMC8490651 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An entirely unknown species of coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in December 2019. COVID-19 has already affected more than 180 million people causing ~3.91 million deaths globally till the end of June 2021. During this emergency, the food nutraceuticals can be a potential therapeutic candidate. Curcumin is the natural and safe bioactive compound of the turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plant and is known to possess potent anti-microbial and immuno-modulatory properties. This review paper covers the various extraction and quantification techniques of curcumin and its usage to produce functional food. The potential of curcumin in boosting the immune system has also been explored. The review will help develop insight and new knowledge about curcumin's role as an immune-booster and therapeutic agent against COVID-19. The manuscript will also encourage and assist the scientists and researchers who have an association with drug development, pharmacology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals to develop curcumin-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagya Tripathy
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Technology, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ami R. Patel
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy & Food Technology-MIDFT, Gujarat, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Life Sciences (Food Technology), Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Gupta
- Division of Post-Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India), Lucknow, India
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Cristobal Noe Aguilar
- Bioprocesses Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Nishant Chakravorty
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lungs Biology and Disease, Munich, Germany
| | - Gemilang Lara Utama
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Verma MK, Sharma PK, Verma HK, Singh AN, Singh DD, Verma P, Siddiqui AH. Rapid diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) detection: an evidence-based report. J Med Life 2021; 14:431-442. [PMID: 34621365 PMCID: PMC8485368 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global health concern. The transmission method is human-to-human. Since this second wave of SARS-CoV-2 is more aggressive than the first wave, rapid testing is warranted to use practical diagnostics to break the transfer chain. Currently, various techniques are used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. A full review of online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was analyzed to identify relevant articles focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosis and therapeutics. The most recent article search was on May 10, 2021. We summarize promising methods for detecting the novel Coronavirus using sensor-based diagnostic technologies that are sensitive, cost-effective, and simple to use at the point of care. This includes loop-mediated isothermal amplification and several laboratory protocols for confirming suspected 2019-nCoV cases, as well as studies with non-commercial laboratory protocols based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a field-effect transistor-based bio-sensing device. We discuss a potential discovery that could lead to the mass and targeted SARS-CoV-2 detection needed to manage the COVID-19 pandemic through infection succession and timely therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parshant Kumar Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Poonam Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India
| | - Areena Hoda Siddiqui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahara Hospital, Viraj Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, India
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Verma HK. Radiological and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: A major concern for public health. World J Radiol 2021; 13:53-63. [PMID: 33815683 PMCID: PMC8006056 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v13.i3.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by +ve strand RNA virus (SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) that belongs to the corona viridae family. In March, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of novel coronavirus for the public health emergency. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with respiratory symptoms, it affects other organs such as the kidneys, liver, heart and brain. Early-stage laboratory disease testing shows many false positive or negative outcomes such as less white blood cell count and a low number of lymphocyte count. However, radiological examination and diagnosis are among the main components of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. In particular, for COVID-19, chest computed tomography developed vigorous initial diagnosis and disease progression assessment. However, the accuracy is limited. Although real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of COVID-19, sometimes it may give false-negative results. Due to the consequences of the missing diagnosis. This resulted in a discrepancy between the two means of examination. Conversely, based on currently available evidence, we summarized the possible understanding of the various patho-physiology, radio diagnostic methods in severe COVID-19 patients. As the information on COVID-19 evolves rapidly, this review will provide vital information for scientists and clinicians to consider novel perceptions for the comprehensive knowledge of the diagnostic approaches based on current experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henu Kumar Verma
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples 80131, Campania, Italy
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Sahu T, Mehta A, Ratre YK, Jaiswal A, Vishvakarma NK, Bhaskar LVKS, Verma HK. Current understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal disease: Challenges and openings. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:449-469. [PMID: 33642821 PMCID: PMC7896435 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i6.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. In March 2019 the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. COVID-19 patients typically have a fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and anosmia. Some patients also report gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver enzyme abnormalities. Surprisingly, many studies have found severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in rectal swabs and stool specimens of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. In addition, viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine-type 2, were also found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can dynamically infect and replicate in both GI and liver cells. Taken together these results indicate that the GI tract is a potential target of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the present review summarizes the vital information available to date on COVID-19 and its impact on GI aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Sahu
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar Ratre
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Akriti Jaiswal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur 492001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Vishvakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples, Campania 80131, Italy
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Ratre YK, Kahar N, Bhaskar LVKS, Bhattacharya A, Verma HK. Molecular mechanism, diagnosis, and potential treatment for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): a current literature review and perspective. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:94. [PMID: 33520580 PMCID: PMC7832422 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. COVID-19 outbreak became evident after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the twenty-first century as the start of the third deadly coronavirus. Currently, research is at an early stage, and the exact etiological dimensions of COVID-19 are unknown. Several candidate drugs and plasma therapy have been considered and evaluated for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. These include clinically available drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. However, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of this virus is critical for predicting interaction with humans. Based on recent evidence, we have summarized the current virus biology in terms of the possible understanding of the various pathophysiologies, molecular mechanisms, recent efficient diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches to control the disease. In addition, we briefly reviewed the biochemistry of leading candidates for novel therapies and their current status in clinical trials. As information from COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, this review will help the researcher to consider new insights and potential therapeutic approaches based on up-to-date knowledge. Finally, this review illustrates a list of alternative therapeutic solutions for a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namrata Kahar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Antaripa Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples, Italy
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Samad N, Sodunke TE, Banna HA, Sapkota A, Fatema AN, Iskandar K, Jahan D, Hardcastle TC, Nusrat T, Chowdhury TS, Haque M. Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Management of COVID-19: Perspectives and Deployment in the Current Global Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2707-2728. [PMID: 33262668 PMCID: PMC7695687 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s281388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is striving against the severe crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals are struggling to treat their patients based on nonspecific therapies. Amidst this uncertainty, convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has appeared to be an interim adjuvant therapy for severely ill patients of COVID-19 until long-term clinical trial treatment options are available. Considering the transfusion-related hazards, especially lung injuries and microbial transmission, where sensitivity is not ensured, rigorous trials should be conducted to determine this therapy's efficacy. Moreover, the ratio of recovered cases to plasma donors is not satisfying, which questioning this therapy's availability and accessibility. Although some countries are making the treatment free, the attributable cost mandates a justification for its suitability and sustainability. Our article aimed to review the published facts and findings of CPT's effectiveness in lowering the mortality rate of COVID-19. This pandemic showed that healthcare systems worldwide need core reform. A unified global collaboration must align and coordinate to face the current pandemic and enhance world readiness for future outbreaks based on health equity and equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandeeta Samad
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka1229, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasan Al Banna
- Institute of Social Welfare and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ashmita Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | | | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka1204, Bangladesh
| | - Timothy Craig Hardcastle
- Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umbilo, Berea4001, South Africa
| | - Tanzina Nusrat
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram4203, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur57000, Malaysia
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Verma HK, Merchant N, Verma MK, Kuru Cİ, Singh AN, Ulucan F, Verma P, Bhattacharya A, Bhaskar LVKS. Current updates on the European and WHO registered clinical trials of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biomed J 2020; 43:424-433. [PMID: 32792167 PMCID: PMC7380255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health concern currently. To date, there are no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines against this transmissible disease. This report sheds light on available information for a better understanding of clinical trials and pharmacotherapy related to COVID-19. MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus databases, Web of Science, WHO, and EU clinical trial sites were used to perform comparative analysis. Information was collected on the use of therapeutic agents for human therapy in patients with COVID-19 up to May 2020. We have extracted data from 60 clinical trials. Amongst these trials, 34 were from the European Union database of clinical trials and 26 from the National Institute of Health. The data selection procedure includes active, completed, and recruitment in progress status. Most of the clinical trials are ongoing and hence, there is a lack of precise results for the treatment.There is a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. The protocol to be developed requires large randomized clinical trials with a combination of available drugs and prospective therapies. We propose the usage of a large number of cases and different statistical analyses to conduct systematic clinical trials. This could provide comprehensive information about the clinical trial and potential therapeutic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henu Kumar Verma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Neha Merchant
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Cansu İlke Kuru
- Ege University Faculty of Science and Buca Municipality Kızılçullu Science and Art Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fulden Ulucan
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Poonam Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India
| | - Antaripa Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India.
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