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Thongseiratch T, Kittisakmontri K, Chandeying N. Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation and Neurocognitive Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2374. [PMID: 39064816 PMCID: PMC11280009 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the limited evidence, there is no conclusive proof of the neurocognitive benefits of bovine milk fat globule membrane supplementation in infant formula. This study evaluates the neurocognitive benefits of bovine milk fat globule membrane supplementation in formula, comparing it to standard formula and assessing its noninferiority to breast milk. Data were sourced from studies published between January 2000 and March 2024 from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. Eight randomized controlled trials involving 1352 healthy term neonates, infants, and children up to 2 years old were included. Bovine milk fat globule membrane supplementation was significantly associated with improved cognitive development (mean difference: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.65 to 4.93, p < 0.001) and demonstrated minimal heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.564). It showed significant improvement in executive function but not in language, motor, or social-emotional development. In non-inferiority analysis, there was no significant difference compared to breast milk regarding cognitive development. These findings support bovine milk fat globule membrane as a valuable addition to infant formula for cognitive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therdpong Thongseiratch
- Child Development Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90100, Thailand
| | - Kulnipa Kittisakmontri
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nutthaporn Chandeying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand;
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2
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Martín-Adrados A, Fernández-Leal A, Martínez-Pérez J, Delgado-Ojeda J, Santamaría-Orleans A. Clinically Relevant Topics and New Tendencies in Childhood Nutrition during the First 2 Years of Life: A Survey among Primary Care Spanish Paediatricians. Nutrients 2024; 16:2146. [PMID: 38999893 PMCID: PMC11243411 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 experienced Spanish paediatricians, who completed an online survey based on clinically relevant topics in nutrition during the first two years of life and their recommendations to parents in daily clinical practice. Most participants advise about the choking risk associated with baby-led weaning (BLW) and more than 60% consider that infants can receive an insufficient variety and quantity of nutrients with this practice. The general opinion is that there is a lack of evidence for delaying the introduction of gluten and other allergenic foods in the complementary feeding of healthy infants. Most participants agree/strongly agree that two servings of dairy products are the adequate daily amount in a diversified diet and 93.4% disagree/strongly disagree with the use of vegetal beverages under 1 year of life. There is a general agreement to avoid added salt and sugar before 12 months of life, the consideration that organic foods do not have a better nutritional profile than non-organic ones, and the limitations of vegetarian diets especially for adequate provision of micronutrients. Overall, there is an adequate knowledge of the new trends by paediatricians and younger ones seemed more in favor of them and interested in receiving more information on most topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Adrados
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain (A.F.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Amalio Fernández-Leal
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain (A.F.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Jorge Martínez-Pérez
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain (A.F.-L.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Jesús Delgado-Ojeda
- Medical Department, Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
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Thanhaeuser M, Eibensteiner F, Gsoellpointner M, Brandstetter S, Fuiko R, Jilma B, Berger A, Haiden N. Preterm Infants on Early Solid Foods and Neurodevelopmental Outcome-A Secondary Outcome Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1528. [PMID: 38794766 PMCID: PMC11124080 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no evidence-based recommendations regarding the introduction of solid foods in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to investigate whether age at the introduction of solid foods affects neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study focuses on analyzing secondary outcomes from a prospective trial involving very low birth weight infants who were randomly assigned to either an early (10-12th week corrected age) or a late (16-18th week corrected age) complementary feeding group. The study evaluated neurodevelopmental outcomes at one and two years of corrected age, as well as at three years and four months of uncorrected age by utilizing Bayley scales. In total, 89 infants were assigned to the early and 88 infants to the late group, all with a mean gestational age of 27 + 1 weeks. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes across the study groups, taking into account variables such as gestational age at birth, sex, nutrition at discharge, parents' highest education level, and high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage. The analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. The timepoint of the introduction of solid foods had no impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes at one and two years of corrected age, and at three years and four months of uncorrected age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Thanhaeuser
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.); (F.E.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Fabian Eibensteiner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.); (F.E.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Melanie Gsoellpointner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.); (B.J.)
| | - Sophia Brandstetter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.); (F.E.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Renate Fuiko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.); (F.E.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.); (B.J.)
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.T.); (F.E.); (S.B.); (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Nadja Haiden
- Department of Neonatology, Kepler University Hospital, 4020 Linz, Austria
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4
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Milani GP, Ronchi A, Agostoni C, Marchisio P, Chidini G, Pesenti N, Bellotti A, Cugliari M, Crimi R, Fabiano V, Pietrasanta C, Pugni L, Mosca F. Long-lasting effects of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations and severity of bronchiolitis. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1751-1758. [PMID: 38236404 PMCID: PMC11001736 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis is a common cause of hospitalization in infants. The long-lasting impact of hygiene and social behavior changes during the pandemic on this disease is debated. We investigated the prevalence of hospitalized cases, clinical severity, and underlying risk factors before and during pandemic. The study was conducted in 27 hospitals in Italy and included infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis during the following four periods: July 2018-March 2019, July 2020-March 2021, July 2021-March 2022, and July 2022-March 2023. Data on demographics, neonatal gestational age, breastfeeding history, underlying chronic diseases, presence of older siblings, etiologic agents, clinical course and outcome were collected. A total of 5330 patients were included in the study. Compared to 2018-19 (n = 1618), the number of hospitalizations decreased in 2020-21 (n = 121). A gradual increase was observed in 2021-22 (n = 1577) and 2022-23 (n = 2014). A higher disease severity (need and length of O2-supplementation, need for non-invasive ventilation, hospital stay) occurred in the 2021-22 and, especially, the 2022-23 periods compared to 2018-19. This tendency persisted after adjusting for risk factors associated with bronchiolitis severity. Conclusions: Compared to adults, COVID-19 in infants is often asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and rarely results in hospitalization. This study indicates that the pandemic has indirectly induced an increased burden of bronchiolitis among hospitalized infants. This shift, which is not explained by the recognized risk factors, suggests the existence of higher infant vulnerability during the last two seasons. What is known: • The pandemic led to a change in epidemiology of respiratory diseases • Large data on severity of bronchiolitis and underlying risk factors before and during COVID-19 pandemic are scarce What is new: • Compared to pre-pandemic period, hospitalizations for bronchiolitis decreased in 2020-21 and gradually increased in 2021-22 and 2022-23 • Compared to pre-pandemic period, higher disease burden occurred in 2021-22 and, especially, in 2022-23. This tendency persisted after adjusting for risk factors associated with bronchiolitis severity • The interplay among viruses, preventive measures, and the infant health deserves to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Chidini
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pesenti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Bellotti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cugliari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Crimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pugni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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5
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Kristiansen AL, Myhre JB, Paulsen MM, Totland TH, Lande B, Andersen LF. Secular trends in infant feeding practices during the first year of life in Norway: findings from 1998 to 2019 - the Spedkost surveys. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:851-859. [PMID: 37822223 PMCID: PMC10864993 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to assess secular trends in breast-feeding and to explore associations between age at introduction of solid foods and breast-feeding duration. Data from three national dietary surveys in Norway were used, including infants born in 1998 (Spedkost 1, n 1537), 2006 (Spedkost 2, n 1490) and 2018 (Spedkost 3, n 1831). In all surveys, around 80 % of the infants were breastfed at 6 months of age. At 12 months of age, breast-feeding rate was 41 % in Spedkost 1, increasing to 48 % in Spedkost 2 and 51 % in Spedkost 3. Compared with earlier introduction, introduction of solid foods at ≥ 5 months of age was associated with a lower risk of breast-feeding cessation during the first year of life in the two most recent Spedkost surveys. In Spedkost 2, the adjusted hazard ratio for breast-feeding cessation during the first year of life for those introduced to solid foods at ≥ 5 months of age was 0·43 (95 % CI (0·31, 0·60)), P < 0·001, while the corresponding number in Spedkost 3 was 0·44 (95 % CI (0·29, 0·67)), P < 0·001. In conclusion, breast-feeding at infant age 12 months increased over time. Introduction of solid foods at ≥ 5 months of age was positively associated with breast-feeding duration in the two most recent Spedkost surveys. As breast-feeding contributes to numerous health benefits for infant and mother, and possibly improved dietary sustainability in infancy, findings point to the importance of continued protection, support and promotion of breast-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lene Kristiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bakkenteigen, Norway
| | - Jannicke Borch Myhre
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Mohn Paulsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torunn Holm Totland
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Britt Lande
- Division for Prevention and Public Health, Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Toh JY, Cai S, Lim SX, Pang WW, Godfrey KM, Shek LP, Tan KH, Yap F, Lee YS, Chong YS, Eriksson JG, Broekman BFP, Rifkin-Graboi A, Chong MFF. Nutrient trajectories during infancy and their associations with childhood neurodevelopment. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2429-2439. [PMID: 37118033 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between infants' dietary nutrient trajectories and subsequent neurodevelopment during childhood in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes study. METHODS One-day food records were collected at ages 6, 9 and 12 months, whilst Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 were conducted at ages 24 and 54 months respectively. Nutrient trajectories were constructed using multi-level mixed modelling and associations with neurodevelopment (24 months: n = 484; 54 months: n = 444) were examined using adjusted multivariable linear regression. RESULTS At age 24 months, higher protein intake (at 6 months) and increasing rate of intake (from 6 to 12 months) were associated with higher fine motor score [β = 0.17 SD (95% CI 0.03, 0.31) and 0.62 SD (0.10, 1.14) respectively]. Higher fat intake was associated with higher receptive language score [0.04 SD (0.003, 0.07)], but increasing rate of intake was associated with lower expressive language [- 0.20 SD (- 0.39, - 0.01)] and fine motor [- 0.29 SD (- 0.48, - 0.10)] scores. Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower gross motor score [- 0.07 SD (- 0.14, - 0.005)], but increasing rate of intake was associated with higher receptive language [0.44 SD (0.08, 0.81)] and fine motor [0.56 SD (0.18, 0.93)] scores. Increasing rate of dietary fibre intake was associated with higher fine motor scores [0.63 SD (0.16, 1.10)]. No significant associations were observed with neurodevelopment at 54 months. CONCLUSION Our findings provide greater understanding of how nutrition over time could have varying effects on child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirong Cai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan Xuan Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital, Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG and Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Milani GP, Edefonti V, De Cosmi V, Bettocchi S, Mazzocchi A, Silano M, Pietrobelli A, Agostoni C. Protein and growth during the first year of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:878-891. [PMID: 36941339 PMCID: PMC10444617 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein intake in the first year of life might influence later growth. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the growth effects of interventions based on infant formula composition providing different amounts of protein within the first year of life of healthy term infants; in the absence of other comparable information over the investigated period, a meta-analysis further compared weight or length gain at 120 days from high- (>2.0 g/100 kcal) and low-protein (≤2.0 g/100 kcal) content formula groups. Twelve papers (n = 2275) were included and five of them (n = 677) contributed to the meta-analysis. Most studies compared a high-protein formula, a low-protein formula, and breastfeeding. Evidence from the systematic review was inconclusive due to heterogeneity in design and treatments. In the presence of modest heterogeneity but in the absence of publication bias, the weighted mean difference for weight gain at 120 days was -0.02 g/day (95% CI: -1.41, 1.45); with higher heterogeneity, the weighted MD estimate of length gain at 120 days was 0.004 cm/month (95% CI: -0.26, 0.27). Although limited and underpowered, evidence from the meta-analysis does not support the assumption that high- vs. low-protein content formulas during exclusive milk-feeding lead to different growth outcomes in the first months of life. Prospero registration number: CRD42017058535. IMPACT: The optimal amount of dietary protein that should be given to healthy full-term infants early in life is still debated. Despite heterogeneity in study design, treatments, and outcomes, this systematic review showed that there is no clear-cut effect on the growth of different amounts of protein intake from formulas or complementary feeding. Evidence from the meta-analysis based on the five articles enrolling infants <1 month of life does not support the previous assumption that high- vs. low-protein content formulas during exclusive milk-feeding lead to different growth outcomes in the first 4 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio P Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettocchi
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical Science, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Unit, Verona University Medical School, Verona, Italy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- SC Pediatria-Immunoreumatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milano, Italy.
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8
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Gao X, Wang D, Wang N, Xie R, Tong X, He Y, Yang L. Early biomarkers of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070230. [PMID: 37295829 PMCID: PMC10277126 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm (PT) infants are at high likelihood for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which could considerably impair the individuals' functions throughout their whole life. The current cohort study aims to investigate adverse outcomes, especially NDDs, in PT children, and the related early aberrant brain developmental biomarkers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective cohort study in Beijing, China. We plan to recruit 400 PT infants born at <37 weeks of gestational age (GA), and 200 full-term (FT) controls during the neonatal period (40 weeks corrected GA), then follow them up until they reach 6 years of age. This cohort is designed to assess neuropsychological functions, brain development, related environmental risk factors and the incidence of NDDs by using the following measures: (1) social, emotional, cognitive and sensorimotor functions; (2) MRI, electroencephalogram and functional near-infrared spectroscopy; (3) social economic status, maternal mental health and DNA methylation; and (4) symptoms and diagnosis of NDDs. Main data analyses will include comparing the neurodevelopment outcomes and brain developmental trajectories between PT and FT children using linear or logistic regressions and mixed-effects models. Regression analyses and machine learning will be used to identify early biological predictors and environmental risk or protective factors for later NDDs outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the research ethics committee of Peking University Third Hospital (M2021087). This study is under review in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register. The study results from the current cohort will be disseminated and popularised through social media to participating parents, as well as parents who are giving care to PT children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhao
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuping Gao
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rao Xie
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and International Digital Group/McGovern Institute for Brain Research; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Marinoni M, Giordani E, Mosconi C, Rosolen V, Concina F, Fiori F, Carletti C, Knowles A, Pani P, Bin M, Ronfani L, Ferraroni M, Barbone F, Parpinel M, Edefonti V. Are Dietary Patterns Related to Cognitive Performance in 7-Year-Old Children? Evidence from a Birth Cohort in Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194168. [PMID: 36235820 PMCID: PMC9571625 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Research from different sources supports a link between nutrition and neurodevelopment, but evidence is still sparse regarding the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) and cognitive performance in school-aged children. Within the Northern Adriatic Cohort II, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy, 379 7-year-old children were cross-sectionally evaluated. Dietary patterns were identified through a principal component factor analysis based on 37 nutrients from children’s 3-day dietary records. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children (WISC-IV) test provided measures of cognitive performance, including the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and single index scores. Each DP was related to FSIQ or single index scores through multiple robust linear regression models. We identified five DPs named “Dairy Products”, “Plant-based Foods”, “Fats”, “Meat and Potatoes”, and “Seafood” (63% of variance explained). After adjustment, no significant relationship was observed with the FSIQ score; positive associations were found between the “Seafood” DP and Verbal Comprehension Index or Perceptual Reasoning Index. The “Meat and Potatoes” and “Dairy Products” DPs were inversely associated with the Verbal Comprehension Index and Processing Speed Index scores, respectively. In the absence of a relation with the overall FSIQ score, single DPs might influence specific cognitive functions, including verbal and reasoning abilities, as targeted by single indexes, in the expected direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Marinoni
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0432-559601
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cedric Mosconi
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosolen
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Concina
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Claudia Carletti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Knowles
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Pani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maura Bin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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10
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Jonsdottir RB, Flacking R, Jonsdottir H. Breastfeeding initiation, duration, and experiences of mothers of late preterm twins: a mixed-methods study. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:68. [PMID: 36076279 PMCID: PMC9461222 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twins and late preterm (LPT) infants are at an increased risk of being breastfed to a lesser extent than term singletons. This study aimed to describe the initiation and duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding at the breast for mothers of LPT twins and term twins during the first 4 months and to explore the breastfeeding experiences of mothers of LPT twins. Methods A sequential two-sample quantitative–qualitative explanatory mixed-methods design was used. The quantitative data were derived from a longitudinal cohort study in which 22 mothers of LPT twins and 41 mothers of term twins answered questionnaires at one and four months after birth (2015–2017). The qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 14 mothers of LPT twins (2020–2021), based on results from the quantitative study and literature. Analysis included descriptive statistics of quantitative data and deductive content analysis of the qualitative data, followed by condensation and synthesis. Results All mothers of LPT twins (100%) and most mothers of term twins (96%) initiated breastfeeding. There was no difference in any breastfeeding during the first week at home (98% versus 95%) and at 1 month (88% versus 85%). However, at 4 months, the difference was significant (44% versus 75%). The qualitative data highlighted that mothers of LPT twins experienced breastfeeding as complex and strenuous. Key factors influencing mothers’ experiences and decisions were their infants’ immature breastfeeding behaviors requiring them to express breast milk alongside breastfeeding, the burden of following task-oriented feeding regimes, and the lack of guidance from healthcare professionals. As a result, mothers started to question the worth of their breastfeeding efforts, leading to changes in breastfeeding management with diverse results. Support from fathers and grandparents positively influenced sustained breastfeeding. Conclusions Mothers of LPT twins want to breastfeed, but they face many challenges in breastfeeding during the first month, leading to more LPT twins’ mothers than term twins’ mothers ceasing breastfeeding during the following months. To promote and safeguard breastfeeding in this vulnerable group, care must be differentiated from routine term infant services, and healthcare professionals need to receive proper education and training. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00507-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel B Jonsdottir
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Renée Flacking
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Helga Jonsdottir
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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11
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Zhao F, Wang C, Song S, Fang C, Zhou G, Li C, Kristiansen K. Casein and red meat proteins differentially affect the composition of the gut microbiota in weaning rats. Food Chem 2022; 397:133769. [PMID: 35908467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Casein and meat are food sources providing high-quality animal proteins for human consumption. However, little is known concerning potentially different effects of these animal protein sources during early stages of life. In the present study, casein and red meat proteins (beef and pork) were fed to young postweaning rats for 14 days based on the AIN-93G diet formula. Casein and red meat protein-based diets did not differentially affect the overall growth performance. However, they discriminately modulated the abundances of different potentially beneficial bacteria belonging to genus Lactobacillus. Intake of the casein-based diet increased the intestinal abundance of Lactococcus lactis with a pronounced potential for galactose utilization via the Tag6P pathway, and it also resulted in lower amounts of toxic ammonia in the rat cecum compared to red meat protein-based diets. We observed no adverse effects on colonic tissue in response to any of the protein-based diets based on histological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Chong Wang
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, 3601 Hongjing Road, Nanjing 211171, PR China
| | - Chao Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MARA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China; Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 166555, PR China.
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12
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Chiale F, Maggiora E, Aceti A, Liotto N, Coscia A, Peila C, Baldassarre ME, Bertino E, Cresi F. Complementary Feeding: Recommendations for the Introduction of Allergenic Foods and Gluten in the Preterm Infant. Nutrients 2021; 13:2477. [PMID: 34371985 PMCID: PMC8308791 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the available literature on the introduction of allergenic foods and gluten among preterm infants. METHODS A systematic review of published studies concerning the introduction of gluten and allergenic foods in preterm infants was performed on PubMed and on the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Of the 174 PubMed results, 15 papers were considered suitable for the review. A total of 83 records were identified through the Cochrane Library search; eight papers were included in the review. Additional papers were identified from the reference lists of included studies. A secondary search was conducted on the same databases to find recommendations and advice regarding healthy full-term infants that could be translated to preterm infants. Therefore, 59 additional papers were included in the review. CONCLUSIONS Current guidelines for the introduction of solid food cannot be directly transposed to preterm infants. Further research is needed to provide evidence-based guidelines regarding weaning in preterm infants. To date, we can suggest that in preterm infants allergenic foods and gluten may be introduced when complementary feeding is started, any time after 4 months of corrected age, avoiding delayed introduction and irrespective of infants' relative risk of developing allergy. Avoiding large amounts of gluten during the first few weeks after gluten introduction and during infancy is advised, despite limited evidence to support this recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Chiale
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Elena Maggiora
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Arianna Aceti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Liotto
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Peila
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cresi
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
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13
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Rydlewski AA, Manin LP, Pizzo JS, Silva PD, da Silveira R, Tavares CB, de Paula M, Pereira O, Santos OO, Visentainer JV. Lipid profile by direct infusion ESI-MS and fatty acid composition by GC-FID in human milk: Association with nutritional status of donors. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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15
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Dimnjakovic J, Poljicanin T, Svajda M. Breastfeeding: A standard or an intervention? Review of systematic reviews. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Theurich MA, Grote V, Koletzko B. Complementary feeding and long-term health implications. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:6-12. [PMID: 33196095 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Theurich
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Grote
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
There exists an ever-increasing number of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, in the field of nutrition. Concomitant with this increase is the increased use of such to guide future research as well as both practice and policy-based decisions. Given this increased production and consumption, a need exists to educate both producers and consumers of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, on how to conduct and evaluate high-quality reviews of this nature in nutrition. The purpose of this paper is to try and address this gap. In the present manuscript, the different types of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analyses, are described as well as the description of the major elements, including methodology and interpretation, with a focus on nutrition. It is hoped that this non-technical information will be helpful to producers, reviewers and consumers of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, in the field of nutrition.
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18
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Pecoraro L, Trotolo A, Piacentini G, Pietrobelli A. Sweet at birth, bitter in growth. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:133-137. [PMID: 31335227 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1642859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Complementary feeding plays a primary role in the life of an infant, as long as the correct assumption of nutrients in terms of timing and quality is the key to a healthy growth. Since infants are totally dependent on their parents during complementary feeding, educational programmes and intervention plans are needed to educate parents and caregivers. As to this, children's sugar consumption throughout their life has been specifically investigated and several critical points have been detected, demonstrating how sugar intake should not be higher than necessary in children and should not include sweetened beverages in daily nutrition. The association between children's diet and the subsequent consequences in their later life has been extensively studied, pointing out how countries should invest in policies that aim at decreasing sugar intake and encouraging parents, as well as children, to a healthier behaviour. The aim of this article is to look at the problem from three different perspectives, the parents' one, the scientific one, and the paediatrician one, in order to offer a new insight on the future of complementary feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trotolo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinic, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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