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Kürklü NS, Karaçİl Ermumcu MŞ, Suna G, Özyıldırım C, Tel Adigüzel K, Aydın M, Kavalcı A, Bozdağ F, Turgut N. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with sustainable nutrition and environmental footprints on higher educated individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38254327 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2308732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Med-Diet adherence with sustainable nutrition and environmental footprints in academicians. METHODS The study involved 153 academicians aged 23-64 working in a university in Turkey. Data were collected through a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) and Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviours Scale (SHEBS). Carbon and water footprints were calculated. RESULTS All sub-scales of SHEBS were higher in individuals who adhered to Med-Diet than those who did not (p<0.05). The carbon and water footprints of individuals with high adherence to the Med-Diet were lower than those of no adherence (p<0.05). Each 1-point increase in MEDAS score was associated with a 1-point increase in SHEBS score, a 0.15 CO2 eq/kg and a 0.001 m3/year decrease in the amount of carbon and water footprint of food. CONCLUSION Higher adherence to the Med-Diet was associated with higher sustainable nutrition behaviours, and lower environmental footprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Seremet Kürklü
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Gülen Suna
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Caner Özyıldırım
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kübra Tel Adigüzel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Aydın
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aleyna Kavalcı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Bozdağ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nur Turgut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Schwarz A, Hernandez L, Arefin S, Sartirana E, Witasp A, Wernerson A, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Sweet, bloody consumption - what we eat and how it affects vascular ageing, the BBB and kidney health in CKD. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341449. [PMID: 38686499 PMCID: PMC11062370 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's industrialized society food consumption has changed immensely toward heightened red meat intake and use of artificial sweeteners instead of grains and vegetables or sugar, respectively. These dietary changes affect public health in general through an increased incidence of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, with a further elevated risk for cardiorenal complications. Research shows that high red meat intake and artificial sweeteners ingestion can alter the microbial composition and further intestinal wall barrier permeability allowing increased transmission of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine n-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine into the blood stream causing an array of pathophysiological effects especially as a strain on the kidneys, since they are responsible for clearing out the toxins. In this review, we address how the burden of the Western diet affects the gut microbiome in altering the microbial composition and increasing the gut permeability for uremic toxins and the detrimental effects thereof on early vascular aging, the kidney per se and the blood-brain barrier, in addition to the potential implications for dietary changes/interventions to preserve the health issues related to chronic diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leah Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Sartirana
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Witasp
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Canul-Ku LA, Sanginés-García JR, Urquizo EA, Canul-Solís JR, Valdivieso-Pérez IA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Molina-Botero I, Arango J, Piñeiro-Vázquez ÁT. Effect of Pelagic Sargassum on In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Degradation, Gas Production, and Protozoa Population. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1858. [PMID: 37889796 PMCID: PMC10252004 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Canul-Ku
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Aguilar Urquizo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal 97345, Mexico
| | | | | | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico R. Aldama Km 1, Chihuahua 31031, Mexico
| | - Isabel Molina-Botero
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
| | - Jacobo Arango
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali A.A. 6713, Colombia (J.A.)
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De Bhowmick G, Hayes M. Potential of Seaweeds to Mitigate Production of Greenhouse Gases during Production of Ruminant Proteins. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200145. [PMID: 37205931 PMCID: PMC10190624 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The potential of seaweed to mitigate methane is real and studies with red seaweeds have found reductions in methane produced from ruminants fed red seaweeds in the region of 60-90% where the active compound responsible for this is bromoform. Other studies with brown and green seaweeds have observed reductions in methane production of between 20 and 45% in vitro and 10% in vivo. Benefits of feeding seaweeds to ruminants are seaweed specific and animal species-dependent. In some instances, positive effects on milk production and performance are observed where selected seaweeds are fed to ruminants while other studies note reductions in performance traits. A balance between reducing methane and maintaining animal health and food quality is necessary. Seaweeds are a source of essential amino acids and minerals however, and offer huge potential for use as feeds for animal health maintenance once formulations and doses are correctly prepared and administered. A negative aspect of seaweed use for animal feed currently is the cost associated with wild harvest and indeed aquaculture production and improvements must be made here if seaweed ingredients are to be used as a solution to control methane production from ruminants for continued production of animal/ruminant sourced proteins in the future. This review collates information concerning different seaweeds and how they and their constituents can reduce methane from ruminants and ensure sustainable production of ruminant proteins in an environmentally beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldy De Bhowmick
- Food BioSciences DepartmentTeagasc Food Research CentreAshtownDublin 15D15 KN3KIreland
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences DepartmentTeagasc Food Research CentreAshtownDublin 15D15 KN3KIreland
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Zhu J, Luo Z, Sun T, Li W, Zhou W, Wang X, Fei X, Tong H, Yin K. Cradle-to-grave emissions from food loss and waste represent half of total greenhouse gas emissions from food systems. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:247-256. [PMID: 37118273 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from food loss and waste (FLW) are not well characterized from cradle to grave. Here GHG emissions due to FLW in supply chain and waste management systems are quantified, followed by an assessment of the GHG emission reductions that could be achieved by policy and technological interventions. Global FLW emitted 9.3 Gt of CO2 equivalent from the supply chain and waste management systems in 2017, which accounted for about half of the global annual GHG emissions from the whole food system. The sources of FLW emissions are widely distributed across nine post-farming stages and vary according to country, region and food category. Income level, technology availability and prevailing dietary pattern also affect the country and regional FLW emissions. Halving FLW generation, halving meat consumption and enhancing FLW management technologies are the strategies we assess for FLW emission reductions. The region-specific and food-category-specific outcomes and the trade-off in emission reductions between supply chain and waste management are elucidated. These insights may help decision makers localize and optimize intervention strategies for sustainable FLW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Ke Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Tedeschi LO, Beauchemin KA. Galyean appreciation club review: a holistic perspective of the societal relevance of beef production and its impacts on climate change. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad024. [PMID: 36645233 PMCID: PMC10022392 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a science-based, data-driven perspective on the relevance of the beef herd in the U.S. to our society and greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution to climate change. Cattle operations are subject to criticism for their environmental burden, often based on incomplete information disseminated about their social, economic, nutritional, and ecological benefits and detriments. The 2019 data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that U.S. beef cattle emitted 22.6% of the total agricultural emissions, representing about 2.2% of the total anthropogenic emissions of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). Simulations from a computer model developed to address global energy and climate challenges, set to use extreme improvements in livestock and crop production systems, indicated a potential reduction in global CO2e emissions of 4.6% but without significant enhancement in the temperature change by 2030. There are many natural and anthropogenic sources of CH4 emissions. Contrary to the increased contribution of peatlands and water reservoirs to atmospheric CO2e, the steady decrease in the U.S. cattle population is estimated to have reduced its methane (CH4) emissions by about 30% from 1975 to 2021. This CH4 emission deacceleration of 2.46 Mt CO2e/yr2 might be even more significant than reported. Many opportunities exist to mitigate CH4 emissions of beef production, leading to a realistic prospect of a 5% to 15% reduction in the short term after considering the overlapping impacts of combined strategies. Reduction strategies include feeding synthetic chemicals that inactivate the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of methanogenesis in the rumen), red seaweed or algae extracts, ionophore antibiotics, phytochemicals (e.g., condensed tannins and essential oils), and other nutritional manipulations. The proposed net-zero concept might not solve the global warming problem because it will only balance future anthropogenic GHG emissions with anthropogenic removals, leaving global warming on a standby state. Recommendations for consuming red meat products should consider human nutrition, health, and disease and remain independent of controversial evidence of causational relationships with perceived negative environmental impacts of beef production that are not based on scientific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2471, USA
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
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Liu D, Shi Q, Cheng G, Huang Q, Li S. Worldwide burden attributable to diet high in red meat from 1990 to 2019. Arch Med Sci 2023; 19:1-15. [PMID: 36817670 PMCID: PMC9897098 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/156017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Red meat overconsumption is an unhealthy behavior, while its attributed burden and epidemiological pattern remain unclear. This study aimed to describe the status and trend of how the diet high in red meat burdens the world. MATERIAL AND METHODS We accessed the data of summary exposure values (SEVs), deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with their age-standardized rates in each country from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Collaborative Network from 1990 to 2019. We calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to evaluate the trends of the disease burden. RESULTS The age-standardized SEV rates increased in most of the 21 GBD regions, mainly in the low-middle and middle socio-demographic index (SDI) quantiles from 1990 to 2019, while East Asia increased the most rapidly. In 2019, a diet high in red meat was responsible for 0.9 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.5 to 1.3 million) deaths and 23.9 million (95% UI 15.6 to 32.0 million) DALYs worldwide. From 1990 to 2019, the total deaths and DALYs attributable to a diet high in red meat increased by over 50%. However, the age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased by 30.3% and 23.5%, respectively, during the study period. The age-standardized death and DALY rates in the middle SDI regions surpassed those in the high SDI regions from 2002. Ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer were the main causes of diet high in red meat-related deaths and DALYs. CONCLUSIONS Increasing consumption of red meat remains a global challenge, especially in the low-middle and middle SDI countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Center, MAGIC China Center, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Center, MAGIC China Center, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Gaiping Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Center, MAGIC China Center, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
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Santos Torres RDN, Coelho LM, Ghedini CP, Neto ORM, Chardulo LAL, Torrecilhas JA, de Lima Valença R, Baldassini WA, Almeida MTC. Potential of Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Enteric Methane Emission in Feedlot Sheep: A Meta-analysis and Multivariate Analysis. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Derbyshire EJ, Finnigan TJ. Mycoprotein: A futuristic portrayal. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Xu J, Xie G, Li X, Wen X, Cao Z, Ma B, Zou Y, Zhang N, Mi J, Wang Y, Liao X, Wu Y. Sodium butyrate reduce ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions by regulating bacterial community balance in swine cecal content in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112827. [PMID: 34571416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the production of odor during swine breeding has attracted attention. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contributed to the odor emissions from swine breeding because NH3 emissions are high and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a low odor threshold. Sodium butyrate reduces the odor emissions caused by NH3 and H2S, but the corresponding mechanism is unclear. After mixing the feces of six fattening pigs, the mixture was used to process in vitro fermentation experiment. The purpose was researching the effect of sodium butyrate reduced NH3 and H2S emissions in swine cecal contents. The control group was denoted CK, and the treatment groups with different sodium butyrate concentrations (0.015%, 0.030% and 0.150%) were denoted L, M and H. The NH3, H2S, total gas production and physicochemical indexes were measured, and the bacterial communities in the fermented product were analyzed by 16 S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that group M reduced NH3, H2S and total gas production by 17.96%, 12.26% and 30.30%, respectively. Sodium butyrate promoted SO42- accumulation and lowered the pH. Importantly, sodium butyrate decreased the relative abundance of bacteria positively correlated with NH3 and H2S production, but increased the negatively correlated ones. Proteobacteria made a greater contribution to reducing emissions than did other bacterial phyla. Our results showed that adding 0.030% sodium butyrate can significantly reduce NH3 and H2S production, which occurred via alterations in the physicochemical indicators to adjust the abundance of the bacteria related to odor production, including Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | - Xinhua Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongde Zou
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Livestock Waste, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China.
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Harrison MT, Cullen BR, Mayberry DE, Cowie AL, Bilotto F, Badgery WB, Liu K, Davison T, Christie KM, Muleke A, Eckard RJ. Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5726-5761. [PMID: 34314548 PMCID: PMC9290661 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Livestock have long been integral to food production systems, often not by choice but by need. While our knowledge of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation has evolved, the prevailing focus has been-somewhat myopically-on technology applications associated with mitigation. Here, we (1) examine the global distribution of livestock GHG emissions, (2) explore social, economic and environmental co-benefits and trade-offs associated with mitigation interventions and (3) critique approaches for quantifying GHG emissions. This review uncovered many insights. First, while GHG emissions from ruminant livestock are greatest in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC; globally, 66% of emissions are produced by Latin America and the Caribbean, East and southeast Asia and south Asia), the majority of mitigation strategies are designed for developed countries. This serious concern is heightened by the fact that 80% of growth in global meat production over the next decade will occur in LMIC. Second, few studies concurrently assess social, economic and environmental aspects of mitigation. Of the 54 interventions reviewed, only 16 had triple-bottom line benefit with medium-high mitigation potential. Third, while efforts designed to stimulate the adoption of strategies allowing both emissions reduction (ER) and carbon sequestration (CS) would achieve the greatest net emissions mitigation, CS measures have greater potential mitigation and co-benefits. The scientific community must shift attention away from the prevailing myopic lens on carbon, towards more holistic, systems-based, multi-metric approaches that carefully consider the raison d'être for livestock systems. Consequential life cycle assessments and systems-aligned 'socio-economic planetary boundaries' offer useful starting points that may uncover leverage points and cross-scale emergent properties. The derivation of harmonized, globally reconciled sustainability metrics requires iterative dialogue between stakeholders at all levels. Greater emphasis on the simultaneous characterization of multiple sustainability dimensions would help avoid situations where progress made in one area causes maladaptive outcomes in other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan Richard Cullen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | | | - Annette Louise Cowie
- NSW Department of Primary Industries/University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia
| | - Franco Bilotto
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaBurnieTASAustralia
| | | | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry/School of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Thomas Davison
- Livestock Productivity PartnershipUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleAustralia
| | | | - Albert Muleke
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaBurnieTASAustralia
| | - Richard John Eckard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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Gidley MJ. Lessons for animal nutrition and production science from the Australian Academy of Science Decadal Plan for the Science of Nutrition. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an21151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Australian Academy of Science recently released a Decadal Plan for the Science of Nutrition. This plan was focussed on human nutrition, but it is worth considering implications for production animal science and parallels with animal nutrition. One implication for animal production is the need to understand nutrition for health benefits at the whole-of-diet level rather than as a sum of individual foods or nutrients, providing a driver to studies of human food combinations (meals) as well as of feed ingredient interaction effects in animal diets. A second parallel is in the understanding of differences in individual/genotype responses to food/feed. In humans this is termed personalised nutrition and in animals it is becoming a key driver for genetic selection and nutrition management. A third area involves the need for a Trusted Voice in what is a contested media space for both human foods and animal production. While there are different contexts, there remains much that the animal production nutrition and human nutrition communities can learn from each other.
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Lean IJ, Moate PJ. Cattle, climate and complexity: food security, quality and sustainability of the Australian cattle industries. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:293-308. [PMID: 33973228 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marked increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations are largely associated with the release of sequestered carbon in fossil fuels. While emissions of green-house gasses (GHG) from cattle have significant global warming potential, these are biogenic sources and substantially involve carbon in natural cycles, rather than fossil fuel. Cattle use human inedible feeds and by-products of human food production to produce nutrient-dense foods of great value to humans. INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE GHG PRODUCTION Reductions in land clearing and burning of grasslands and increased carbon sequestration in soils and trees have potential to substantially reduce GHG emissions. Increased efficiencies of production through intensified feeding and enteric modification have markedly reduced intensity of GHG emissions for cattle in Australia. Genetic selection for lower emissions has modest, but cumulative potential to reduce GHG (mostly CH4 ) emissions and intensity. Improved reproductive performance can reduce intensity of GHG emissions, especially in beef production. Feeds and technologies that reduce GHG production and intensity include improved pastures, grain feeding, dietary lipids, nitrates, ionophores, seaweed, 3-NOP, hormonal growth promotants in beef, and improved diets for peri-parturient dairy cattle. There is considerable potential to further reduce emissions from cattle using the technologies reviewed. INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE HEAT STRESS Cattle are susceptible to heat stress and ameliorating interventions include tree and shelter belts, shade, housing, cooling with fans and water and dietary manipulations. CONCLUSIONS Numerous interventions can reduce GHG emissions and intensity from cattle. There are opportunities to increase carbon capture and maintain biodiversity in Australia's extensive rangelands, but these require quantification and application. We can reduce the intensity of CH4 emissions for cattle in Australia and simultaneously improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Lean
- Scibus and University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - P J Moate
- Agriculture Victoria, Ellinbank, Victoria, 3821, Australia
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Black JL, Davison TM, Box I. Methane Emissions from Ruminants in Australia: Mitigation Potential and Applicability of Mitigation Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040951. [PMID: 33805324 PMCID: PMC8066058 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropomorphic greenhouse gases are raising the temperature of the earth and threatening ecosystems. Since 1950 atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased 28%, while methane has increased 70%. Methane, over the first 20 years after release, has 80-times more warming potential as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Enteric methane from microbial fermentation of plant material by ruminants contributes 30% of methane released into the atmosphere, which is more than any other single source. Numerous strategies were reviewed to quantify their methane mitigation potential, their impact on animal productivity and their likelihood of adoption. The supplements, 3-nitrooxypropanol and the seaweed, Asparagopsis, reduced methane emissions by 40+% and 90%, respectively, with increases in animal productivity and small effects on animal health or product quality. Manipulation of the rumen microbial population can potentially provide intergenerational reduction in methane emissions, if treated animals remain isolated. Genetic selection, vaccination, grape marc, nitrate or biochar reduced methane emissions by 10% or less. Best management practices and cattle browsing legumes, Desmanthus or Leucaena species, result in small levels of methane mitigation and improved animal productivity. Feeding large amounts daily of ground wheat reduced methane emissions by around 35% in dairy cows but was not sustained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L. Black
- John L Black Consulting, Warrimoo, NSW 2774, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas M. Davison
- Livestock Productivity Partnership, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
| | - Ilona Box
- Ilona Box Consulting, Warrimoo, NSW 2774, Australia;
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