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Roman-Liu D, Kamińska J, Tokarski TM. Population-specific equations of age-related maximum handgrip force: a comprehensive review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17703. [PMID: 39056055 PMCID: PMC11271657 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The measurement of handgrip force responses is important in many aspects, for example: to complement neurological assessments, to investigate the contribution of muscle mass in predicting functional outcomes, in setting realistic treatment goals, evaluating rehabilitation strategies. Normative data about handgrip force can assist the therapist in interpreting a patient's results compared with healthy individuals of the same age and gender and can serve as key decision criteria. In this context, establishing normative values of handgrip strength is crucial. Hence, the aim of the this study is to develop a tool that could be used both in rehabilitation and in the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This tool takes the form of population-specific predictive equations, which express maximum handgrip force as a function of age. Methodology In order to collect data from studies measuring maximum handgrip force, three databases were searched. The search yielded 5,058 articles. Upon the removal of duplicates, the screening of abstracts and the full-text review of potentially relevant articles, 143 publications which focussed on experimental studies on various age groups were considered as fulfilling the eligibility criteria. A comprehensive literature review produced 1,276 mean values of maximum handgrip force. Results A meta-analysis resulted in gender- and world region-specific (general population, USA, Europe and Asia) equations expressing maximum force as a function of age. The equations showed quantitative differences and trends in maximum handgrip force among age, gender and national groups. They also showed that values of maximum handgrip force are about 40% higher for males than for females and that age-induced decrease in force differs between males and females, with a proved 35% difference between the ages of 35 and 75. The difference was lowest for the 60-64 year olds and highest for the 18-25 year-olds. The equations also showed that differences due to region are smaller than those due to age or gender. Conclusions The equations that were developed for this study can be beneficial in setting population-specific thresholds for rehabilitation programmes and workstation exposure. They can also contribute to the modification of commonly used methods for assessing musculoskeletal load and work-related risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders by scaling their limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Roman-Liu
- Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Macjej Tokarski
- Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Zengin A, Kulkarni B, Khadilkar AV, Kajale N, Ekbote V, Tandon N, Bhargava SK, Sachdev HS, Sinha S, Scott D, Kinra S, Fall CHD, Ebeling PR. Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Relationships Between Muscle and Bone in Indian Men and Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:423-433. [PMID: 33966094 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both ethnicity and age are important determinants of musculoskeletal health. We aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, assess the suitability of current diagnostic guidelines, and explore muscle-bone relationships in adults from India. A total of 1009 young (20-35 years) and 1755 older (> 40 years) men and women from existing studies were collated and pooled for the analysis. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the hip and spine, and fat and lean mass; hand dynamometer measured hand grip strength (HGS). Indian-specific cut-points for appendicular lean mass (ALM), ALM index (ALMI) and HGS were calculated from young Indian (-2SD mean) populations. Sarcopenia was defined using cut-points from The Foundations for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), and Indian-specific cut-points. Low lean mass cut-points were then compared for their predictive ability in identifying low HGS. The relationship between muscle variables (ALM, ALMI, HGS) and aBMD was explored, and sex differences were tested. Indian-specific cut-points (men-HGS:22.93 kg, ALM:15.41 kg, ALMI:6.03 kg/m2; women-HGS:10.76 kg, ALM:9.95 kg, ALMI:4.64 kg/m2) were lower than existing definitions. The Indian-specific definition had the lowest, while EWGSOP2 ALMI had the highest predictive ability in detecting low HGS (men:AUC = 0.686, women:AUC = 0.641). There were sex differences in associations between aBMD and all muscle variables, with greater positive associations in women than in men. The use of appropriate cut-points for diagnosing low lean mass and physical function is necessary in ethnic populations for accurate sarcopenia assessment. Muscle-bone relationships are more tightly coupled during ageing in Indian women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Zengin
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- Clinical Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Neha Kajale
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Veena Ekbote
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harshpal Singh Sachdev
- Department of Paediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Sinha
- Department of Paediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School - Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Morrison KM, Gunn E, Guay S, Obeid J, Schmidt LA, Saigal S. Grip strength is lower in adults born with extremely low birth weight compared to term-born controls. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:996-1003. [PMID: 32555537 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grip strength predicts long-term morbidity and mortality in adults. We compared grip strength in adults born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW; under 1 kg) and a normal birth weight control group (NBW) and describe change in grip strength over a 10-year period in a longitudinal cohort study of preterm birth. METHODS Grip strength, body composition, and device-measured physical activity were assessed in 95 mature adults (MA) born ELBW (age 31.6 (1.6) mean (SD) years, 59 females) and 88 born NBW (age 31.9 (1.4) years, 52 females). Regression models were used to examine the effect of perinatal factors, body composition, physical activity, and physical self-efficacy on grip strength. RESULTS Grip strength was lower in MA born ELBW compared to NBW (31.8 (10.0) vs. 39.8 (11.2) kg; p < 0.001). Birth weight group was associated with grip strength independent of sex, height, and lean mass index, but device-measured physical activity was not. The change in grip strength from mid-20s to MA was similar in ELBW and NBW participants. DISCUSSION Grip strength in MA born ELBW is low and is similar to a reference group 25-30 years older, suggesting higher risk for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. IMPACT Adults born extremely preterm have reduced grip strength compared to control participants born at full term. Reduced grip strength is a predictor of frailty and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Change in grip strength from age in mid-20s to mid-30s is similar in those born preterm and full-term-born controls. Grip strength is related to lean mass and not to device-measured physical activity-and correlates of grip strength are similar in those born preterm and term-born controls. Grip strength is a simple measure that may provide information about the health of adults born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sasha Guay
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joyce Obeid
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Gutiérrez-Hermosillo H, de León-González ED, Medina-Chávez JH, Torres-Naranjo F, Martínez-Cordero C, Ferrari S. Hand grip strength and early mortality after hip fracture. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:185. [PMID: 33219411 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This research describes the risk of death in elderly after hip fracture according to their strength, measured by hand grip. The result is that the weaker the patient, the greater the risk of death after hip fracture, highlighting the need to assess the force in those patients. For the coming years, most of hip fractures will occur in developing countries. It has been described that low muscular strength, measured by grip strength, increases the risk of mortality in those with hip fracture, in both high-and low- income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the mortality among patients with hip fracture and lower hand grip strength (HGS). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cohort and longitudinal study at Hip and Pelvic Surgery Department of a tertiary hospital, in Monterrey, Mexico. The study included patients aged over of 69, admitted for hip fracture surgery from February 1st 2013 to July 31st 2014. HGS measurement was performed by a trained physician at arrival to emergency department prior to surgery; clinimetric variables were asked, and a complete medical history was included. RESULTS A total of 670 patients were included in the study and grouped in different tertiles according to hand grip strength. During follow-up, there were 112 deaths (17.4%), 61 (27.5%) in tertile 1, 37 (17.1%) in tertile 2, and 14 (6.8%) in tertile 3, p < 0.001. The association remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Less than 5% of patients discharged from hospital were identified with osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Lower hand grip strength in patients with a hip fracture is associated with high mortality after hip fracture.
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Westbury LD, Syddall HE, Fuggle NR, Dennison EM, Cauley JA, Shiroma EJ, Fielding RA, Newman AB, Cooper C. Long-term rates of change in musculoskeletal aging and body composition: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:616-624. [PMID: 32125471 PMCID: PMC7188697 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common among older people. Preventive strategies require understanding of age-related changes in strength, function and body composition, including how they interrelate. We have described, and examined associations between, 9-year changes in these parameters among 2917 Health, Aging and Body Composition Study participants (aged 70-79 years). Appendicular lean mass (ALM), whole body fat mass and total hip BMD were ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and muscle function by gait speed. For each characteristic annualised percentage changes were calculated; measures of conditional change (independent of baseline) were derived and their interrelationships were examined using Pearson correlations; proportion of variance at 9-year follow-up explained by baseline level was estimated; and mean trajectories in relation to age were estimated using linear mixed models. Analyses were stratified by sex. Median [lower quartile, upper quartile] annual percentage declines were grip strength (1.5 [0.0, 2.9]), gait speed (2.0 [0.6, 3.7]), ALM (0.7 [0.1, 1.4]), fat mass (0.4 [- 1.1, 1.9]) and hip BMD (0.5 [0.0, 1.1]). Declines were linear for ALM and accelerated over time for other characteristics. Most conditional change measures were positively correlated, most strongly between ALM, fat mass and hip BMD (r > 0.28). Proportion of variation at follow-up explained by baseline was lower for grip strength and gait speed (39-52%) than other characteristics (69-86%). Strength and function declined more rapidly, and were less correlated between baseline and follow-up, than measures of body composition. Therefore, broader intervention strategies to prevent loss of strength and function in later life are required as those targeting body composition alone may be insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Holly E Syddall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas R Fuggle
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Zhang X, Huang L, Peng X, Xie Y, Bao X, Huang J, Wang P. Association of handgrip strength with hypertension among middle-aged and elderly people in Southern China: A cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:190-196. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1601206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia. Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lingling. Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Lida University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin. Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yixian. Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu. Bao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junxuan. Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peixi. Wang
- General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Public Health, School of Nursing, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Lima TRD, Silva DAS, Kovaleski DF, González-Chica DA. The association between muscle strength and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in adults and the younger segment of the older population in a city in the south of Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:3811-3820. [PMID: 30427451 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.27792016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate muscular strength is required to perform daily activitiesand is considered a marker of overall health. The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with handgrip strength (HGS) in adults and the younger segment of the older population. A cross-sectional,population-based study was conducted with 705 individuals aged between 25 and 65 years in the city of Florianópolis, capital of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.HGS was assessed usinga manual hand dynamometer. Interviews were conducted with the participants to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data.Multiple linear regressionwas performed to identify the predictors of HGS. The findings revealed that women and individuals from older age groups showed lower HGS, while being active during leisure time was associated with higher HGS.Interventions aimed at maintaining HGS levels in individuals should pay special consideration toaging and individuals who are physically inactive or insufficiently active during leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Douglas Francisco Kovaleski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - David Alejandro González-Chica
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide. Adelaide SA Austrália
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Syddall HE, Westbury LD, Shaw SC, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Gale CR. Correlates of Level and Loss of Grip Strength in Later Life: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:53-63. [PMID: 29058059 PMCID: PMC5760591 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Characterisation of grip strength (GS) using isometric dynamometry is central to the definition of sarcopenia. Determinants of low GS include: older age, shorter stature, low physical activity, poor nutrition, socioeconomic disadvantage and multimorbidity. Less is known about risk factors for accelerated loss of GS. We investigated determinants of level and 8-year loss of GS in 3703 men and women (aged 52-82 years) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Four hundred and forty-one men and women (aged 59-71 years) who participated in a 10-year follow-up of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study (HCS) were used for replication. Variables were harmonised between cohorts. Change in GS was characterised using mixed-effects models in ELSA and a residual change approach in HCS and analysed for men and women combined. Men in ELSA and HCS had higher average levels of GS at baseline, and accelerated rates of loss, compared with women. In ELSA, older age, shorter stature and multimorbidity were correlated with lower level, and accelerated rate of loss, of GS in both sexes (accelerated loss of 0.04 (95% CI 0.00-0.08) standard deviation scores per additional morbidity after multivariable adjustment). Socioeconomic disadvantage, low level of physical activity and poorer self-reported health were also correlated with low GS level, but not loss rate, after multivariable adjustment. Analysis in HCS yielded similar results. Our results identify multimorbidity as a modifiable determinant of loss of muscle strength in later life, and raise the possibility that developmental influences may impact on rate of involutional decline in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Syddall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - L D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - S C Shaw
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - C R Gale
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Malhotra R, Ang S, Allen JC, Tan NC, Østbye T, Saito Y, Chan A. Normative Values of Hand Grip Strength for Elderly Singaporeans Aged 60 to 89 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 17:864.e1-7. [PMID: 27569714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES What are normative values for hand grip strength (HGS) for elderly Singaporeans? Which elderly characteristics influence the normative values of HGS for elderly Singaporeans? DESIGN Nationally representative, cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Singapore. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2664 community-dwelling elderly Singaporeans aged 60 to 89 years. MEASUREMENTS HGS was measured in a standing position with elbows extended twice for each hand; a Smedley spring-type dynamometer was used. Elderly characteristics known to affect HGS, including age, sex, hand dominance, height, weight, occupation, education, and ethnicity, were also assessed. RESULTS We present single-year age, sex-, and hand-specific graphs for normative values (5th, 20th, and 50th percentiles) of HGS. The influence of specific elderly characteristics on the normative values of HGS varies by sex, hand, and considered percentile. We present equations for considered percentiles of HGS that account for such influences. CONCLUSIONS This study uses a large, nationally representative sample to establish normative values for HGS for elderly Singaporeans aged 60 to 89 years. These results will facilitate the interpretation of HGS measurements conducted using Smedley spring-type dynamometers in clinical and research settings in Singapore, and potentially other Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Malhotra
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shannon Ang
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Carson Allen
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Truls Østbye
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- University Research Center, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Angelique Chan
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Bizimana JB, Lawani MM, Akplogan B, Gaturagi C. [Nonorganized and organized physical activity and health-related physical fitness in Burundian adults: cross-sectional study]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 25:38. [PMID: 28203315 PMCID: PMC5292119 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.38.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction l’activité physique régulière a un impact positif sur la santé. Cette étude a pour objet de comparer la condition physique liée à la santé des adultes qui s’exercent librement avec celle des adultes bénéficiant d’un encadrement professionnel. Elle tente aussi d’établir une relation entre le niveau d’activité physique et les paramètres de la condition liée à la santé. Méthodes nous avons évalué le niveau d’activité physique et les paramètres de la condition physique liée à la santé. Par le test t pour échantillons indépendants, nous avons comparé les moyennes et avons par le calcul du coefficient de corrélation r de Pearson analysé la relation entre le niveau d’activité physique et les paramètres de la condition physique. Résultats des écarts significatifs (p < 0,05) de niveau d’activité physique, de souplesse, de V˙O2max et de la FC de repos ont été enregistrés en faveur du groupe encadré. Le niveau d’activité physique est positivement corrélé (p < 0,05) au V˙O2max et à la force de préhension mais négativement corrélé à la FC de repos et au cholestérol LDL. La prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire n’est pas élevée excepté pour le cholestérol HDL. Conclusion les résultats de cette étude montrent que l’activité physique libre est aussi efficace que l’activité physique encadrée dans le maintien des profils lipidique et physiologique favorables à la santé chez l’adulte burundais. Cependant, l’activité physique encadrée apporte des bénéfices supplémentaires pour le V˙O2max, la fréquence cardiaque de repos, la souplesse antérieure et la détente verticale
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Berchmans Bizimana
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Performance (LABIOP), Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 169 Porto-Novo, Bénin; Institut d'Education Physique et des Sports, Université du Burundi, BP 1500 Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Mansourou Mohamed Lawani
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Performance (LABIOP), Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 169 Porto-Novo, Bénin
| | - Barnabé Akplogan
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Performance (LABIOP), Institut National de la Jeunesse, de l'Education Physique et du Sport (INJEPS), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 169 Porto-Novo, Bénin
| | - Charles Gaturagi
- Institut d'Education Physique et des Sports, Université du Burundi, BP 1500 Bujumbura, Burundi
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The association between blood pressure and grip strength in adolescents: does body mass index matter? Hypertens Res 2016; 39:919-925. [PMID: 27383511 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increased body mass index (BMI) has been related to both low grip strength and high blood pressure (BP) in adolescents. Previous reports of high BP associated with decreased grip strength could be due to the inherent increase in BP in youths with high BMI. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between grip strength and BP in adolescents independent of BMI. A total of 88 865 Chinese adolescents aged 13-17 years were included in this study. Sex-, age- and height-specific references were applied to calculate the BP z-score and define elevated BP. Grip strength was evaluated as handgrip (kg)/weight (kg) and converted into a sex- and age-specific z-score for analysis. Using fractional polynomial regression, we found that increased BMI was associated with enhanced BP and decreased grip strength; however, after stratification by or adjustment for BMI, strong grip strength was related to an increased BP. Logistic regression models revealed that a one s.d. increase in boys' grip strength z-score was associated with an 18% (95% confidence interval: 12, 25) to 37% (19, 59) higher risk of elevated BP when adjusted for BMI. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness. A similar pattern was also observed in girls. These results indicated that strong grip strength was associated with increased adolescent BP after adjustment for BMI. Our findings raise questions about using muscle-strengthening training as an approach to improve the BP profile in adolescents.
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Pereira LC, Prestes J, Melo GF, Silva Neto LS, Funghetto SS, Pires AB, Boff G, Alves AT, Karnikowski MGDO. A influência da composição corporal na força de homens idosos brasileiros. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220152103132642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A população de idosos representa 10% do total da população brasileira. A diminuição da musculatura esquelética é provavelmente a alteração mais significativa, sendo associada à idade e algumas enfermidades, e é determinante na perda da força muscular. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre composição corporal e a força de preensão palmar de homens idosos brasileiros. MÉTODO: Quarenta e seis homens com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos foram divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com a percentagem de gordura e valor de massa magra. Foram definidas as medianas para %G = 28,65 e massa magra = 54,35 kg. Para as avaliações utilizou-se teste de bioimpedância elétrica e dinamômetro de preensão palmar. RESULTADOS: Observam-se diferenças significativas entre os quatro grupos quanto à massa magra e percentil de massa gorda (p≥0,05), caracterizando as especificidades de cada grupo quanto às variáveis analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram que os níveis de força de preensão palmar não dependem unicamente da massa magra, mas também %G, em que a correlação entre massa magra e percentual de gordura pode indicar uma melhor ou pior condição para realizar o esforço isométrico de preensão manual.
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Koopman JJE, van Bodegom D, van Heemst D, Westendorp RGJ. Handgrip strength, ageing and mortality in rural Africa. Age Ageing 2015; 44:465-70. [PMID: 25331975 PMCID: PMC4411221 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: muscle strength measured as handgrip strength declines with increasing age and predicts mortality. While handgrip strength is determined by lifestyle through nutrition and physical activity, it has almost exclusively been studied in western populations with a sedentary lifestyle. This study aims to investigate the relation between handgrip strength, ageing and mortality in a population characterised by a predominance of malnutrition and manual labour. Design: a population-based longitudinal study. Setting: a traditional African rural population in Ghana. Subjects: nine hundred and twenty-three community-dwelling individuals aged 50 and older. Methods: demographic characteristics were registered. At baseline, height, body mass index (BMI) and handgrip strength were measured and compared with those in a western reference population. Survival of the participants was documented during a period of up to 2 years. Results: handgrip strength was dependent on age, sex, height and BMI. Compared with the western reference population, handgrip strength was lower due to a lower height and BMI but declined over age similarly. Risk of mortality was lower in participants having higher handgrip strength, with a hazard ratio of 0.94 per kg increase (P = 0.002). After adjustment for age, sex, tribe, socio-economic status, drinking water source, height and BMI, only handgrip strength remained predictive of mortality. Conclusion: in a traditional rural African population characterised by malnutrition and manual labour, handgrip strength declines over age and independently predicts mortality similar to western populations. Handgrip strength can be used as a universal marker of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J E Koopman
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Post Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden 2333 AA, The Netherlands
| | - David van Bodegom
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Post Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden 2333 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Post Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden 2333 AA, The Netherlands Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Post Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Post Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden 2333 AA, The Netherlands
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Matsui Y, Fujita R, Harada A, Sakurai T, Nemoto T, Noda N, Toba K. Association of grip strength and related indices with independence of activities of daily living in older adults, investigated by a newly-developed grip strength measuring device. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 Suppl 2:77-86. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Remi Fujita
- Department of Advanced Medicine (Orthopedic Surgery)
| | | | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders
| | - Tetsuya Nemoto
- Department of Gerontechnology; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; Obu
| | | | - Kenji Toba
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders
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Guerra RS, Fonseca I, Pichel F, Restivo MT, Amaral TF. Handgrip strength and associated factors in hospitalized patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 39:322-30. [PMID: 24291737 DOI: 10.1177/0148607113514113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is a marker of nutrition status. Many factors are associated with HGS. Age, height, body mass index, number of diagnoses, and number and type of drugs have been shown to modify the association between undernutrition and HGS. Nevertheless, other patient characteristics that could modify this association and its joint modifier effect have not been studied yet. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of inpatients' HGS and undernutrition considering the potential modifier effect of cognitive status, functional activity, disease severity, anthropometrics, and other patient characteristics on HGS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital. Sex, age, abbreviated mental test score, functional activity score, Charlson index, number of drugs, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score, body weight, mid-arm muscle circumference, adductor pollicis muscle thickness, body height, wrist circumference, hand length, and palm width were included in a linear regression model to identify independent factors associated with HGS (dependent variable). RESULTS The study sample was composed of 688 inpatients (18-91 years old). All variables included in the model were associated with HGS (β, -0.16 to 0.38; P ≤ .049) and explained 68.5% of HGS. Age, functional activity decline, Charlson index, number of drugs, PG-SGA score, body weight, and wrist circumference had a negative association with HGS. All other studied variables were positively associated with HGS. CONCLUSION Nutrition status evaluated by PG-SGA was still associated with HGS after considering the joint effect of other patient characteristics, which reinforces the value of HGS as an indicator of undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Guerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal UISPA-IDMEC, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Maria T Restivo
- UISPA-IDMEC, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa F Amaral
- UISPA-IDMEC, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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