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Silva ACD, Mapa V, Ferreira-Júnior JB, Oliveira ECD, Becker LK, Rosse I, Coelho DB. Progressive strength training can reverse sarcopenia stage in middle-aged and older adults regardless of their genetic profile. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105182. [PMID: 37688919 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the association of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism with sarcopenia stage, according to the Revised European Consensus on the Definition and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia, in middle-aged and older adults, pre- and post- ST. In the 12-week longitudinal study, 71 middle-aged and older adults were evaluated; the participants were assigned to either control or intervention group. The intervention group underwent progressive ST three times a week. All participants underwent blood collection, DNA extraction, genotyping of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism, anthropometric evaluations, and diagnostic tests for sarcopenia. The last two tests were repeated after 12 weeks. No association of the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism with sarcopenia stage was observed before and after 12 weeks. However, the intervention group remained non-sarcopenic (n = 25, p <0.05) or achieved changes in sarcopenia stage (from sarcopenic to non-sarcopenic) (n = 13, p <0.05). Our study demonstrates that progressive ST performed regularly can reverse or prevent sarcopenia regardless of genotype for the ACTN3-R577X polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Mapa
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João B Ferreira-Júnior
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Institute of Southeast Minas Gerais - Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson C de Oliveira
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Physical Education and Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice K Becker
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Physical Education and Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izinara Rosse
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Pharmacy, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Physical Education and Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Aslam MA, Ma EB, Huh JY. Pathophysiology of sarcopenia: Genetic factors and their interplay with environmental factors. Metabolism 2023; 149:155711. [PMID: 37871831 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric disorder characterized by a progressive decline in muscle mass and function. This disorder has been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including fractures, functional deterioration, and increased mortality. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is highly complex and multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors as key contributors. This review consolidates current knowledge on the genetic factors influencing the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, particularly focusing on the altered gene expression of structural and metabolic proteins, growth factors, hormones, and inflammatory cytokines. While the influence of environmental factors such as physical inactivity, chronic diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep disturbances on sarcopenia is relatively well understood, there is a dearth of studies examining their mechanistic roles. Therefore, this review emphasizes the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, elucidating their cumulative role in exacerbating the progression of sarcopenia beyond their individual effects. The unique contribution of this review lies in synthesizing the latest evidence on the genetic factors and their interaction with environmental factors, aiming to inform the development of novel therapeutic or preventive interventions for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Aslam
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Hakeem FF, Maharani A, Todd C, O'Neill TW. Development, validation and performance of laboratory frailty indices: A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 111:104995. [PMID: 36963345 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty is a syndrome characterised by decline in functional ability and increasing vulnerability to disease and associated with adverse outcomes. Several established methods exist for assessing frailty. This scoping review aims to characterise the development and validation of frailty indices based on laboratory test results (FI-Lab) and to assess their utility. METHODS Studies were included in the review if they included data concerning the development and/or testing an FI-Lab using the deficit accumulation method. Studies were identified using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Elsevier), OpenGrey and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2021. Two reviewers independently screened all abstracts, and those that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed in detail. Data extracted included details about the study characteristics, number, type and coding of laboratory variables included, validation, and outcomes. A narrative synthesis of the available evidence was adopted. RESULTS The search yielded 915 articles, of which 29 studies were included. In general, 89% of studies were conducted after 2016 and 51% in a hospital-based setting. The number of variables included in FI-Labs ranged from 13 to 77, and 51% included some non-laboratory variables in their indices, with pulse and blood pressure being the most frequent. The validity of FI-Lab was demonstrated through change with age, correlation with established frailty indices and association with adverse health outcomes. The most frequent outcome studied was mortality (79% of the studies), with FI-Lab associated with increased mortality in all but one. Other outcomes studied included self-reported health, institutionalisation, and activities of daily living. The effect of combining the FI-Lab with a non-laboratory-based FI was assessed in 7 studies with a marginal increase in predictive ability. CONCLUSION Frailty indices constructed based on the assessment of laboratory variables, appear to be a valid measure of frailty and robust to the choice of variables included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal F Hakeem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Asri Maharani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Sapp DG, Cormier BM, Rockwood K, Howlett SE, Heinze SS. The frailty index based on laboratory test data as a tool to investigate the impact of frailty on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afac309. [PMID: 36626319 PMCID: PMC9831271 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The frailty index (FI) quantifies frailty as deficit accumulation. It has been adapted to employ laboratory test data (FI-Lab). Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyse the FI-Lab's ability to predict mortality. Secondary objectives were to review the FI-Lab's association with adverse health outcomes and whether FI-Lab scores differed between the sexes. A systematic literature search was carried out using six online databases to identify studies that measured the FI-Lab in humans. Hazard ratios (HRs) were combined in a meta-analysis to create a pooled risk estimate for mortality. Of the 1,201 papers identified, spanning January 2010 until 11 July 2022, 38 were included. FI-Lab scores per 0.01 unit increase predicted mortality overall (HR = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.05) and for studies with a mean age of 81+ years (HR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.03-1.05). The quality of evidence for these meta-analyses are moderate and high, respectively. Further, higher FI-Lab scores were associated with more frequent adverse health outcomes. Sex differences in FI-Lab scores varied, with no consistent indication of a sex effect. The FI-Lab is associated with mortality and with a variety of adverse health outcomes. No consistent sex differences in FI-Lab scores were observed, with several studies in disagreement. Notably, these conclusions were most relevant to older (65+ years old) individuals; further evidence in younger people is needed in both clinical and population representative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Sapp
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brianna M Cormier
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stefan S Heinze
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Henrique JS, Braga PLG, de Almeida SS, Nunes NSP, Benfato ID, Arida RM, de Oliveira CAM, Gomes da Silva S. Effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on functional fitness and executive function of elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943934. [PMID: 36158545 PMCID: PMC9501855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, physical integrity and cognitive abilities, especially executive function, become compromised, directly influencing the quality of life of the elderly. One good strategy to ensure healthy aging is the practice of physical exercise. Activities to improve aerobic capacity and muscle strength are extremely important in old age. However, some genetic factors can interfere both positively and negatively with these gains. In this context, the polymorphism rs1815739 (R577X) of the α-actinin 3 gene (ACTN-3) is commonly studied and related to muscle phenotype. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on the functional fitness (measured by the Senior Fit test) and cognitive capacity (evaluated by the Stroop test) of the elderly (n = 347), both men and women. We did not find the effect of genotype on functional fitness, but we did observed a positive effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on executive function. The presence of the X allele of the ACTN3 gene in the elderly was related to a better performance in the Stroop test (shorter answer time). Our results showed that ACTN-3 gene polymorphism affects the executive function of the elderly but not their functional fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Luiz Garcia Braga
- Department of Psychogerontology, Instituto Educatie de Ensino e Pesquisa, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Sandro Soares de Almeida
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical and Functional Performance, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Department of Research and Extension, Fundação Cristiano Varella, Muriaé, Brazil
- Centro Universitário FAMINAS, Muriaé, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sérgio Gomes da Silva ;
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Goldberg A, Sucic JF, Talley SA. The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism interacts with fear of falling in relation to stepping speed in community-dwelling older adults. Physiother Theory Pract 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35383515 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2056861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the association of genetic factors with falls, balance, and lower extremity functioning, interaction of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with fear of falling (FOF) in relation to stepping performance has, to the best of our knowledge, not been investigated in older adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effects of the ACE I/D polymorphism with FOF in relation to stepping performance in older adults. METHODS Eighty-eight community-dwelling adults 60 years or older participated in a cross-sectional observational study. Participants completed tests of rapid and distance stepping, and self-reported FOF (yes/no). Participants provided saliva for ACE genotyping. General linear models evaluated ACE genotype × FOF interaction effects in relation to stepping performance. The α level was set at 0.05. RESULTS The ACE I/D polymorphism exhibited significant interaction effects (p for interactions 0.002 ≤ p ≤ .04) with FOF in relation to stepping speed. Relationships between FOF and stepping speed varied among ACE genotypes. The insertion/insertion (II) genotype was significantly associated (p = .01) with slow stepping in individuals with, but not without FOF (p > .05). CONCLUSION Variation in relationships between FOF and stepping speed among ACE genotypes suggests a role for the ACE I/D polymorphism in modifying relationships between FOF and stepping speed in older adults. The association of the ACE II genotype with slow stepping performance in individuals with, but not without FOF, suggests that older adults with the ACE II genotype and FOF may be at increased risk for poor stepping performance and associated functional declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allon Goldberg
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Joseph F Sucic
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Susan Ann Talley
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
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Kahraman M, Ozulu Turkmen B, Bahat-Ozturk G, Catikkas NM, Oren MM, Sahin A, Daglar A, Ozturk S, Palanduz S, Diler AS, Karan MA. Is there a relationship between ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism and sarcopenia? Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:757-765. [PMID: 34677800 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The alpha-actinin (ACTN) genes are important structural components of the sarcomere. Sarcopenia is a common geriatric syndrome characterized by morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between the ACTN3 R577X gene and sarcopenia in community-dwelling Turkish adults. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional study among the patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to the geriatric outpatient clinic. We recorded the general characteristics of the patients. We used the Jamar hand dynamometer to evaluate handgrip strength. Body composition was estimated using bioimpedance analysis. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 criteria with population-specific cutoffs. We performed analyses of low muscle mass (LMM) with skeletal muscle mass index adjusted for body mass index [SMMI(BMI)]. We further categorized the SMMI(BMI) cutoffs into tenths. The analyzes were performed according to the 90th percentile SMMI(BMI) cutoffs. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine the ACTN3 genotypes. RESULTS 197 participants were included [mean age: 76.3 ± 6.1 years, 151 (76.6%) women]. The proportions of the ACTN3 genotypes were as follows: RX (45.1%) > RR (31%) > XX (23.9%). The significant difference between genotypes was found only for low SMMI(BMI) according to the 90th percentile (p = 0.025). In multivariate analysis, only gender (female) was independently associated with LMM. CONCLUSION We did not find any association between ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism and probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and LMM. Besides, much more research is needed to reveal how ethnicity affects the muscles of older adults with ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kahraman
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No: 118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Banu Ozulu Turkmen
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Bahat-Ozturk
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Muge Catikkas
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Merve Oren
- Department of Public Health, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayla Sahin
- Division of Medical Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aynur Daglar
- Division of Medical Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozturk
- Division of Medical Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Division of Medical Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sarper Diler
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No: 118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Caddesi̇ No:118, Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
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Chen X, Yang J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Cao Y, Yan S, Zong G, Zheng Y, Wang X, Yuan C. Plasma folate levels in relation to cognitive impairment: a community-based cohort of older adults in China. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2837-2845. [PMID: 35303753 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower plasma level of folate has been associated with an increased risk of age-related cognitive impairment. However, studies that examined this relation have yielded mixed results. We aimed to examine the prospective association of plasma folate level with risk of cognitive impairment in a community-based prospective cohort of older adults in China. METHODS This study included 615 participants (mean age: 76.3 years) without baseline cognitive impairment from the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study (RuLAS). We used logistic regression to examine the prospective association between baseline plasma folate and risk of cognitive impairment in the next two years. Fasting blood samples were collected and assayed for plasma folate level at baseline. Cognitive impairment was defined as Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) score ≤ 21.5 points. RESULTS During two years' follow-up, 20.7% of the participants developed cognitive impairment. After controlled for age, gender, and plasma homocysteine, a higher level of plasma folate was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment. The corresponding odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval was 0.41 (0.19-0.89) comparing participants at extreme quintiles of plasma folate (median level 17.2 vs. 6.3 nmol/L). The associations were similar after further adjustment for major demographic and lifestyle factors (OR = 0.42, 0.18-0.98). Moreover, the inverse association was particularly stronger among males (OR = 0.12, 0.03-0.52) but was non-significant among females. CONCLUSION Our findings support a potential beneficial role of higher plasma folate levels in cognitive function in older Chinese adults, particularly among males. Future studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings and to identify the optimal plasma folate level for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxi Yang
- Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Geng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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RODRIGUES KARINEP, PRADO LAISS, ALMEIDA MARIANALUCIANODE, TRAPE ATILAALEXANDRE, BUENO JUNIOR CARLOSROBERTO. Association between ACE and ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms and the effects of different physical training models on physically active women aged 50 to 75. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210509. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Kiuchi Y, Makizako H, Nakai Y, Taniguchi Y, Tomioka K, Sato N, Wada A, Doi T, Kiyama R, Takenaka T. Associations of alpha-actinin-3 genotype with thigh muscle volume and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111525. [PMID: 34425205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship of the ACTN3 genotype with thigh muscle volume and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. METHODS Data from 64 older Japanese adults (mean age 74.4 ± 6.9 years, women 71.9%) with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia were analyzed. Sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia were defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. We collected oral mucosa samples to determine the ACTN3 genotype. Thigh muscle volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Physical performance was assessed using the usual and maximum gait speed, timed up and go test, and five-repetition sit-to-stand test. Muscle strength was assessed using grip strength. RESULT The ACTN3 genotype proportions were 20.3% for RR, 51.6% for RX, and 28.1% for XX. Participants with the RR genotype showed greater thigh muscle volume/ht2 compared to those with the RX and XX ACTN3 genotypes (p < 0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that RX (p < 0.01) and XX (p < 0.01) ACTN3 genotypes, compared to RR, were associated with lower thigh muscle volume/ht2 and with age, sex (reference; men), weight and maximum walking speed. There was no significant difference between physical performance and muscle strength between the ACTN3 genotypes. CONCLUSION The ACTN3 genotype of the X allele was associated with decreased thigh muscle volume compared to the ACTN3 genotype of RR in older adults with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Kagoshima Medical Professional College, Kagoshima 891-0133, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Tomioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan.
| | - Nana Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Wada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Section for Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Kiyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Takenaka
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima 891-2124, Japan.
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ACTN3 Genotypes and Their Relationship with Muscle Mass and Function of Kosovan Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179135. [PMID: 34501725 PMCID: PMC8431689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining muscle mass and function is important throughout the lifestyle. While environmental factors such as physical activity and healthy nutrition are well investigated, the contribution of genetic factors is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of a common ACTN3 polymorphism (rs1815739) on body composition, handgrip strength, knee extensor peak torque, and physical performance (gait speed, 30-s arm curl, 30-s chair stand) in Kosovan adults. In total, 308 participants (160 females and 148 males, age range from 40 to 91 years) took part in this cross-sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and assessed for ACTN3 genotype distribution (41.5% of RR, 53.9% of RX and 4.6% of XX). Genotype allocation did not account for differences in any of the variables. Interestingly, female XX carriers were taller (p = 0.025) and had a higher isokinetic knee extension peak torque (p = 0.024) than the RX+RR group. In males, XX carriers were also taller (p = 0.049) and had a lower BMI (p = 0.026), but did not differ in any of the strength and performance parameters. These results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism might exert a sex-specific impact on knee extensor peak torque and BMI.
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12
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Seto JT, Roeszler KN, Meehan LR, Wood HD, Tiong C, Bek L, Lee SF, Shah M, Quinlan KGR, Gregorevic P, Houweling PJ, North KN. ACTN3 genotype influences skeletal muscle mass regulation and response to dexamethasone. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg0088. [PMID: 34215586 PMCID: PMC11060041 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Homozygosity for the common ACTN3 null polymorphism (ACTN3 577X) results in α-actinin-3 deficiency in ~20% of humans worldwide and is linked to reduced sprint and power performance in both elite athletes and the general population. α-Actinin-3 deficiency is also associated with reduced muscle mass, increased risk of sarcopenia, and altered muscle wasting response induced by denervation and immobilization. Here, we show that α-actinin-3 plays a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis and breakdown signaling in skeletal muscle and influences muscle mass from early postnatal development. We also show that α-actinin-3 deficiency reduces the atrophic and anti-inflammatory response to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in muscle and protects against dexamethasone-induced muscle wasting in female but not male mice. The effects of α-actinin-3 deficiency on muscle mass regulation and response to muscle wasting provide an additional mechanistic explanation for the positive selection of the ACTN3 577X allele in recent human history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Seto
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly N Roeszler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyra R Meehan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Harrison D Wood
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chrystal Tiong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucinda Bek
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siaw F Lee
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manan Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Fernández-Araque A, Giaquinta-Aranda A, Rodríguez-Díez JA, Carretero-Molinero S, López-López J, Verde Z. Muscular Strength and Quality of Life in Older Adults: The Role of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1055. [PMID: 33504021 PMCID: PMC7908609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As longevity is increasing, the 65-year-old and older population is projected to increase in the next decades, as are the consequences of age-related muscle deterioration on the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of the ACTN3R577X polymorphism with quality of life and muscular strength in an older Spanish population. In total, 281 older adults participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements, chronic diseases, prescribed medications, quality of life, hand grip strength, and physical activity and nutritional status data were collected. ACTN3 R577X genotyping was determined using Taqman probes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed in adjusted model that, in men, the ACTN3 R577X genotype was significantly associated with hand grip strength (HGS), regression coefficient (β) = 1.23, p = 0.008, dimension 1 of the five-dimension questionnaire EuroQoL (EQ-5D, mobility), (β) = -1.44, p = 0.006, and clinical group risk (CGR) category (β) = -1.38, p = 0.006. In women, a marginal association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and the CGR category was observed, with a regression coefficient of (β) = -0.97, (p = 0.024). Our findings suggest that the ACTN3 R577X genotype may influence the decline in muscle strength and quality of life in older Spanish adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernández-Araque
- Department of Nursery, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.G.-A.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Andrea Giaquinta-Aranda
- Department of Nursery, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.G.-A.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Jose Andrés Rodríguez-Díez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (J.A.R.-D.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Silvia Carretero-Molinero
- Department of Nursery, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.F.-A.); (A.G.-A.); (S.C.-M.)
| | - Jorge López-López
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (J.A.R.-D.); (J.L.-L.)
| | - Zoraida Verde
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (J.A.R.-D.); (J.L.-L.)
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Urzi F, Pokorny B, Buzan E. Pilot Study on Genetic Associations With Age-Related Sarcopenia. Front Genet 2021; 11:615238. [PMID: 33505434 PMCID: PMC7831746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of an inheritable component of muscle phenotypes, little progress has been made in identifying the specific genetic factors involved in the development of sarcopenia. Even rarer are studies that focus on predicting the risk of sarcopenia based on a genetic risk score. In the present study, we tested the single and combined effect of seven candidate gene variants on the risk of sarcopenia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes were genotyped using the KASP assay. We examined 190 older adults that were classified as non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic according to the diagnostic criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia was associated with Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 genotypes. The combined effect of all three polymorphisms explained 39% of the interindividual variation in sarcopenia risk. Our results suggest that the single and combined effect of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 polymorphism is associated with sarcopenia risk in older adults. Nowadays, as the population is getting older and older, great efforts are being made to research the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. At the same time, small progress has been made in understanding the genetic etiology of sarcopenia. Given the importance of research on this disease, further genetic studies are needed to better understand the genetic risk underlying sarcopenia. We believe that this small-scale study will help to demonstrate that there is still much to be discovered in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Urzi
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
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Khanal P, He L, Herbert AJ, Stebbings GK, Onambele-Pearson GL, Degens H, Morse CI, Thomis M, Williams AG. The Association of Multiple Gene Variants with Ageing Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes in Elderly Women. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121459. [PMID: 33291384 PMCID: PMC7762041 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of studies that have investigated the role of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on a range of muscle phenotypes in an elderly population. The present study investigated the possible association of 24 SNPs with skeletal muscle phenotypes in 307 elderly Caucasian women (aged 60–91 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg). Skeletal muscle phenotypes included biceps brachii thickness, vastus lateralis cross-sectional areas, maximal hand grip strength, isometric knee extension and elbow flexion torque. Genotyping for 24 SNPs, chosen on their skeletal muscle structural or functional links, was conducted on DNA extracted from blood or saliva. Of the 24 SNPs, 10 were associated with at least one skeletal muscle phenotype. HIF1A rs11549465 was associated with three skeletal muscle phenotypes and PTK2 rs7460 and ACVR1B rs10783485 were each associated with two phenotypes. PTK2 rs7843014, COL1A1 rs1800012, CNTF rs1800169, NOS3 rs1799983, MSTN rs1805086, TRHR rs7832552 and FTO rs9939609 were each associated with one. Elderly women possessing favourable genotypes were 3.6–13.2% stronger and had 4.6–14.7% larger muscle than those with less favourable genotypes. These associations, together with future work involving a broader range of SNPs, may help identify individuals at particular risk of an age-associated loss of independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praval Khanal
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (C.I.M.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +977-9841528705
| | - Lingxiao He
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (C.I.M.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Adam J. Herbert
- Department of Sport and Exercise, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B5 5JU, UK;
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (C.I.M.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (C.I.M.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunsas, Lithuania
- Pharmacy of Targu Mures, University of Medicine, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Christopher I. Morse
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (C.I.M.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Martine Thomis
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (C.I.M.); (A.G.W.)
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK
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Zhu Y, Chen X, Geng S, Li Q, Yuan H, Zhou X, Li H, Li J, Jiang H. Association between ambulatory blood pressure variability and frailty among older hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1703-1712. [PMID: 32857914 PMCID: PMC7589330 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frailty and hypertension often coexist and are increasingly prevalent with advancing age. Although hypertension is independently associated with frailty, whether high blood pressure variability affecting frailty is unclear. In this retrospective study, we consecutively enrolled elderly patients with essential hypertension undergoing 24-hour ABPM. The frailty was assessed by a 38-item frailty index. The parameters of blood pressure variability of ABPM, including ARV, coefficient of CV, SD, and weighed SD were calculated. Ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between blood pressure variability and frailty. A total of 242 hypertensive patients were recruited and divided into the frail group, pre-frail group, and non-frail group. The overall magnitudes of BP variability, assessed by ARV, CV, SD, and weighed SD, were significantly greater in patients with frailty than those with pre-frailty and non-frailty. With adjustment for covariates, ARV of 24-hour, diurnal, and nocturnal SBP were independently associated with frailty (24 hours, OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 2.01-3.07; daytime, OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.60-2.10; nighttime, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12-1.27). The CV of 24-hour, diurnal, and nocturnal SBP was independently associated with frailty in the study (24 hours, OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.05-3.07; daytime, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34; nighttime, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24). For SD and weighed SD, only 24-hour systolic SD was independent risk factor associated with frailty (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23). The greater blood pressure variability of SBP, particular ARV and CV, were independent risk factors associated with higher-order frailty status. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the causality associations between hypertension and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ShaSha Geng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QingQing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixiao Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jinglan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qiu Z, Wang W, Tan Y, He M, Wang L, Li Y, Gong X, Huang W. Associations of grip strength with retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036782. [PMID: 32690527 PMCID: PMC7371235 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations of grip strength with retinal or choroidal thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy. DESIGN Observational study-cross-sectional design. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study included the Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes without retinopathy registered in the community health system in Guangzhou, China. MEASURES The grip strength in both hands were measured by using a dynamometer. The retinal and choroidal thickness in macular region stratified by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sectors were measured by a swept-source optical coherence tomography. RESULTS A total of 1029 patients were included. Both retinal thickness and choroidal thickness decreased with the lower quartile of grip strength. Regression analyses indicated that the average retinal and choroidal thickness increased by 0.14 µm (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.25 µm, p=0.011) and 0.57 µm (95% CI: 0.03 to 1.11 µm, p=0.037), respectively, for each additional kilogram of grip strength following adjustment for age and sex. Further adjustments were made for axial length, haemoglobin A1c, length of time the patient had diabetes, insulin usage, height, weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which resulted in an average retinal and choroidal thickness increase of 0.13 µm (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.24 µm, p=0.024) and 0.65 µm (95% CI: 0.13 to 1.16 µm, p=0.013), respectively, for each additional kilogram of grip strength. Consistent results were obtained in the analyses in ETDRS 9 sectors. CONCLUSION Lower hand grip strength was found to be significantly associated with thinner retinal and choroidal layers in patients with diabetes. Grip strength may provide a useful and easily administered indicator of retinal status in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Langhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Romero-Blanco C, Artiga-González MJ, Gómez-Cabello A, Vila-Maldonado S, Casajús JA, Ara I, Aznar S. Strength and Endurance Training in Older Women in Relation to ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D Polymorphisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041236. [PMID: 32075076 PMCID: PMC7068405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of two genetic polymorphisms, ACTN3R577X, and ACE I/D, on physical condition in a sample of active older women after a two-year training period. The sample was composed of 300 healthy women over the age of 60 who underwent a two-year training program. Adapted tests from the Senior Fitness Test were used. The genotyping of the polymorphisms was obtained from the participants’ DNA via buccal swabs. The analysis of the ACE polymorphism did not reveal differences between genotypes. The analysis of the R577X polymorphism showed a favorable effect for the ACTN3 XX genotype in tests for leg strength (p: 0.001) after training, compared to the other genotypes, and also in the analysis of the combined effect of the polymorphism (ACE II + ACTN3 RX/XX). The intragroup effect revealed an improvement in arm strength for carriers of the X allele after 24 months of training (p < 0.05). The endurance values significantly worsened in all study groups. Conclusions: The R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 may have an important role in capacities related to muscle strength, providing a beneficial effect for carriers of the X allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Romero-Blanco
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | - Alba Gómez-Cabello
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Sara Vila-Maldonado
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.V.-M.); (I.A.)
- CIBERFES Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Health Aging, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.V.-M.); (I.A.)
- CIBERFES Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Health Aging, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain;
- CIBERFES Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Health Aging, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925-268-800 (ext. 5545)
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Pratt J, Boreham C, Ennis S, Ryan AW, De Vito G. Genetic Associations with Aging Muscle: A Systematic Review. Cells 2019; 9:E12. [PMID: 31861518 PMCID: PMC7016601 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function known as 'sarcopenia' is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, functional disability and mortality. While skeletal muscle properties are known to be highly heritable, evidence regarding the specific genes underpinning this heritability is currently inconclusive. This review aimed to identify genetic variants known to be associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched (from January 2004 to March 2019) using pre-defined search terms such as "aging", "sarcopenia", "skeletal muscle", "muscle strength" and "genetic association". Candidate gene association studies and genome wide association studies that examined the genetic association with muscle phenotypes in non-institutionalised adults aged ≥50 years were included. Fifty-four studies were included in the final analysis. Twenty-six genes and 88 DNA polymorphisms were analysed across the 54 studies. The ACTN3, ACE and VDR genes were the most frequently studied, although the IGF1/IGFBP3, TNFα, APOE, CNTF/R and UCP2/3 genes were also shown to be significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies. Ten DNA polymorphisms (rs154410, rs2228570, rs1800169, rs3093059, rs1800629, rs1815739, rs1799752, rs7412, rs429358 and 192 bp allele) were significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies. Through the identification of key gene variants, this review furthers the elucidation of genetic associations with muscle phenotypes associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Pratt
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (C.B.); (G.D.V.)
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.); (A.W.R.)
| | - Colin Boreham
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (C.B.); (G.D.V.)
| | - Sean Ennis
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.); (A.W.R.)
- UCD ACoRD, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony W. Ryan
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.); (A.W.R.)
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (C.B.); (G.D.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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A Comparative Study of Water Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment in Longevity Area and Adjacent Non-Longevity Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193737. [PMID: 31590212 PMCID: PMC6801481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A longevity area in Xinjiang, China and an adjacent non-longevity area both have similar climatic and hydrogeological conditions, and the residents of the two control groups have similar ethnic composition, diets and lifestyles. This study investigated if differences in groundwater quality between the longevity area and the non-longevity area are associated with the health of residents in the two control groups. In order to quantitatively describe the groundwater quality of the two control groups and its influence on human health, the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method (FCEM) was used to compare and assess the overall water environment of the two control groups. Furthermore, the human health risk of groundwater for the two control groups was assessed using the Health Risk Assessment Model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Results showed that the overall water environment categories for the longevity area and non-longevity area are moderate quality (grade III) and very poor quality (grade V), respectively. The main health risk in the longevity area water environment is the non-carcinogenic risk (HQLLV) caused by Cl−. The main health risks in the non-longevity area water environment are the non-carcinogenic risk (HQCA) caused by Cl− and the carcinogenic risk (RiskCA) caused by As. The total health risk (HRall) caused by over-standard inorganic pollutants in the water environment of the non-longevity area is 3.49 times higher than that of the longevity area. In addition, the study showed that the water environment pollution downstream of the Keriya River is conjunctively caused by agricultural activities and domestic sewage. The overall water environment of the longevity area is more conducive to the health-longevity of residents than the non-longevity area.
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Kehler DS, Theou O, Rockwood K. Bed rest and accelerated aging in relation to the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems and frailty biomarkers: A review. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110643. [PMID: 31255732 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged bed rest and lifelong physical inactivity cause deleterious effects to multiple physiological systems that appear to hasten aging processes. Many such changes are similar to those seen with microgravity in space, but at a much faster rate. Head down tilt bed rest models are used to study whole-body changes that occur with spaceflight. We propose that bed rest can be used to quantify accelerated human aging in relation to frailty. In particular, frailty as a measure of the accumulation of deficits estimates the variability in aging across systems, and moves away from the traditional single-system approach. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of bed rest on the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems as well as frailty-related biological markers and inflammatory cytokines. We also propose future inquiries to study the accumulation of deficits with head down bed rest and bed rest in the clinical setting, specifically to understand how unrepaired and unremoved subclinical and subcellular damage give rise to clinically observable health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kehler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - O Theou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - K Rockwood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Age-related deficit accumulation and the diseases of ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 180:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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