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Omena J, Bezerra FF, Voll VM, Braz BF, Santelli RE, Donangelo CM, Jauregui GF, Ribeiro AS, Dos Santos Cople Rodrigues C, Citelli M. Iron absorption in adults with sickle cell anemia: a stable-isotope approach. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2163-2172. [PMID: 38722385 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iron absorption in sickle cell anemia (SCA) remains unclear and studies in adults with SCA are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron absorption SCA adults and its association with iron status and hepcidin concentration. METHODS SCA patients (n = 13; SCAtotal) and control participants (n = 10) ingested an oral stable iron isotope (57Fe). Iron absorption was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 14 days after isotope administration. Patients with ≥ 1000 ng/mL serum ferritin were considered to present iron overload (IO) (SCAio+; n = 3) and others classified without IO (SCAio-; n = 10). RESULTS Iron absorption in the control group ranged from 0.3 to 26.5% (median = 0.9%), while it varied from 0.3 to 5.4% in SCAio+ (median = 0.5%) and from 0.3 to 64.2% in the SCAio- (median = 6.9%). Hepcidin median values were 14.1 ng/mL (3.0-31.9 ng/mL) in SCAio-, 6.2 ng/mL (3.3-7.8 ng/mL) in SCAio + and 6.2 ng/mL (0.6-9.3 ng/mL) in control. Iron absorption was associated with ferritin level (r = - 0.641; p = 0.018) and liver iron concentration (LIC; r = - 0.786; p = 0.036) in the SCAtotal group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that SCAio- individuals may be at risk of developing primary IO. Simultaneously, secondary IO may induce physiological adaptation, resulting in reduced iron absorption. Further studies evaluating intestinal iron absorption using larger sample sizes should be conducted to help establish a safe nutrition approach to be adopted and to ensure the security of food-fortifying public policies for these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br (Identifier RBR-4b7v8pt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Omena
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, 12144F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Fioruci Bezerra
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, 12144F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Monteiro Voll
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, 12144F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira Braz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cláudia Dos Santos Cople Rodrigues
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, 12144F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Citelli
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, São Francisco Xavier Street, 524, 12144F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
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2
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Cui MM, Moynier F, Su BX, Dai W, Mahan B, Le Borgne M. Distinctive calcium isotopic composition of mice organs and fluids: implications for biological research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6839-6850. [PMID: 37755490 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The stable calcium (Ca) isotopes offer a minimally invasive method for assessing Ca balance in the body, providing a new avenue for research and clinical applications. In this study, we measured the Ca isotopic composition of soft tissues (brain, muscle, liver, and kidney), mineralized tissue (bone), and blood (plasma) from 10 mice (5 females and 5 males) with three different genetic backgrounds and same age (3 months old). The results reveal a distinctive Ca isotopic composition in different body compartments of mice, primally controlled by each compartment's unique Ca metabolism and genetic background, independent of sex. The bones are enriched in the lighter Ca isotopes (δ44/40Cabone = - 0.10 ± 0.55 ‰) compared to blood and other soft tissues, reflecting the preferential incorporation of lighter Ca isotopes through bone formation, while heavier Ca isotopes remain preferentially in blood. The brain and muscle are enriched in lighter Ca isotopes (δ44/40Cabrain = - 0.10 ± 0.53 ‰; δ44/40Camuscle = 0.19 ± 0.41 ‰) relative to blood and other soft tissues, making the brain the isotopically lightest soft tissues of the mouse body. In contrast, the kidney is enriched in heavier isotopes (δ44/40Cakidney = 0.86 ± 0.31 ‰) reflecting filtration and reabsorption by the kidney. This study provides important insight into the Ca isotopic composition of various body compartments and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Moynier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Ben-Xun Su
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Brandon Mahan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Marie Le Borgne
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, 75018, Paris, LVTS, France
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3
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Shroff R, Lalayiannis AD, Fewtrell M, Schmitt CP, Bayazit A, Askiti V, Jankauskiene A, Bacchetta J, Silva S, Goodman N, McAlister L, Biassoni L, Crabtree N, Rahn A, Fischer DC, Heuser A, Kolevica A, Eisenhauer A. Naturally occurring stable calcium isotope ratios are a novel biomarker of bone calcium balance in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 102:613-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Fatima T, Faridi MMA, Srivastava G. Iron status of exclusively breastfed low-birth-weight infants born to anemic mothers and effect of maternal iron supplementation for 3 versus 6 months: A randomized double-blind placebo control trial. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:880431. [PMID: 36034548 PMCID: PMC9402978 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.880431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of maternal iron supplementation during lactation on the iron status of exclusively breastfed low-birth-weight (LBW) infants is not known. OBJECTIVE (1) To find out the number of LBW exclusively breastfed infants having hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL at 6 months when mothers received iron. (2) To find out the proportion of anemic infants when mothers received iron for 3 and 6 months. DESIGN The Clinical Trials Registry, India (CTRI) registered trial (CTRI/2018/08/015516) double-blind randomized control trial participants: A total of 80 anemic mothers and exclusively breastfed LBW infants. INTERVENTION A total of 80 anemic mothers and exclusively breastfed infants, birth weight 1,500-2,499 g, randomized into two groups of 40 each. Mothers received daily iron for 3 months and placebo for the next 3 months in group A and iron for 6 months in group B. Iron profile of mothers and infants measured at recruitment and 6 months. RESULTS In total, 26.6% infants developed anemia till 6 months of age, and number of anemic infants were similar whether mothers received iron for 3 (n = 9) or 6 months (n = 11). Hemoglobin (12.89 + 0.46 vs. 12.44 + 0.48 g/dL; p < 0.001) and serum ferritin (27.45 + 7.60 vs. 18.94 + 5.36 ng/mL; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in infants at 6 months of age whose mothers received iron for 6 months in comparison to 3 months. Conclusion: totally, 26.6% exclusively breastfed infants developed anemia till 6 months of age when mothers took iron; number of anemic infants were not different if mothers received iron for 3 or 6 months. A significant increase was noted in serum ferritin with slightly higher hemoglobin of infants when mothers received iron for longer duration. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pubview.php], identifier [CTRI/2018/08/015516].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarannum Fatima
- ERA's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Shroff R, Fewtrell M, Heuser A, Kolevica A, Lalayiannis A, McAlister L, Silva S, Goodman N, Schmitt CP, Biassoni L, Rahn A, Fischer DC, Eisenhauer A. Naturally Occurring Stable Calcium Isotope Ratios in Body Compartments Provide a Novel Biomarker of Bone Mineral Balance in Children and Young Adults. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:133-142. [PMID: 32786145 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum calcium (Ca), bone biomarkers, and radiological imaging do not allow accurate evaluation of bone mineral balance (BMB), a key determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. We studied naturally occurring stable (non-radioactive) Ca isotopes in different body pools as a potential biomarker of BMB. 42 Ca and 44 Ca are absorbed from our diet and sequestered into different body compartments following kinetic principles of isotope fractionation; isotopically light 42 Ca is preferentially incorporated into bone, whereas heavier 44 Ca preferentially remains in blood and is excreted in urine and feces. Their ratio (δ44/42 Ca) in serum and urine increases during bone formation and decreases with bone resorption. In 117 healthy participants, we measured Ca isotopes, biomarkers, and BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and tibial peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT). 44 Ca and 42 Ca were measured by multi-collector ionization-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry in serum, urine, and feces. The relationship between bone Ca gain and loss was calculated using a compartment model. δ44/42 Caserum and δ44/42 Caurine were higher in children (n = 66, median age 13 years) compared with adults (n = 51, median age 28 years; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.008, respectively). δ44/42 Caserum increased with height in boys (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.65) and was greatest at Tanner stage 4. δ44/42 Caserum correlated positively with biomarkers of bone formation (25-hydroxyvitaminD [p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.37] and alkaline phosphatase [p = 0.009, R2 = 0.18]) and negatively with bone resorption marker parathyroid hormone (PTH; p = 0.03, R2 = 0.13). δ44/42 Caserum strongly positively correlated with tibial cortical BMD Z-score (n = 62; p < 0.001, R2 = 0.39) but not DXA. Independent predictors of tibial cortical BMD Z-score were δ44/42 Caserum (p = 0.004, β = 0.37), 25-hydroxyvitaminD (p = 0.04, β = 0.19) and PTH (p = 0.03, β = -0.13), together predicting 76% of variability. In conclusion, naturally occurring Ca isotope ratios in different body compartments may provide a novel, non-invasive method of assessing bone mineralization. Defining an accurate biomarker of BMB could form the basis of future studies investigating Ca dynamics in disease states and the impact of treatments that affect bone homeostasis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshana Shroff
- Renal Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Radiology Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Ana Kolevica
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Lalayiannis
- Renal Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Louise McAlister
- Dietetics Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Selmy Silva
- Renal Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nadine Goodman
- Renal Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Biassoni
- Radiology Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anja Rahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
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6
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Lalayiannis A, Crabtree N, Fewtrell M, Biassoni L, Milford D, Ferro C, Shroff R. Assessing bone mineralisation in children with chronic kidney disease: what clinical and research tools are available? Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:937-957. [PMID: 31240395 PMCID: PMC7184042 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD) is a triad of biochemical imbalances of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, bone abnormalities and soft tissue calcification. Maintaining optimal bone health in children with CKD is important to prevent long-term complications, such as fractures, to optimise growth and possibly also to prevent extra-osseous calcification, especially vascular calcification. In this review, we discuss normal bone mineralisation, the pathophysiology of dysregulated homeostasis leading to mineralisation defects in CKD and its clinical consequences. Bone mineralisation is best assessed on bone histology and histomorphometry, but given the rarity with which this is performed, we present an overview of the tools available to clinicians to assess bone mineral density, including serum biomarkers and imaging such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. We discuss key studies that have used these techniques, their advantages and disadvantages in childhood CKD and their relationship to biomarkers and bone histomorphometry. Finally, we present recommendations from relevant guidelines-Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes and the International Society of Clinical Densitometry-on the use of imaging, biomarkers and bone biopsy in assessing bone mineral density. Given low-level evidence from most paediatric studies, bone imaging and histology remain largely research tools, and current clinical management is guided by serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase levels only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.D. Lalayiannis
- Nephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - N.J. Crabtree
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. Fewtrell
- Nephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - L. Biassoni
- Nephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - D.V. Milford
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - C.J. Ferro
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Shroff
- Nephrology Department Great Ormond St. Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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7
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Eisenhauer A, Müller M, Heuser A, Kolevica A, Glüer CC, Both M, Laue C, Hehn UV, Kloth S, Shroff R, Schrezenmeir J. Calcium isotope ratios in blood and urine: A new biomarker for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100200. [PMID: 30997369 PMCID: PMC6453776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the potential of Calcium (Ca) isotope fractionation measurements in blood (δ44/42CaBlood) and urine (δ44/42CaUrine) as a new biomarker for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. One hundred post-menopausal women aged 50 to 75 years underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the gold standard for determination of bone mineral density. After exclusion of women with kidney failure and vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/l) 80 women remained in the study. Of these women 14 fulfilled the standard diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis based on DXA. Both the δ44/42CaBlood (p < 0.001) and δ44/42CaUrine (p = 0.004) values were significantly different in women with osteoporosis (δ44/42CaBlood: −0.99 ± 0.10‰, δ 44/42CaUrine: +0.10 ± 0.21‰, (Mean ± one standard deviation (SD), n = 14)) from those without osteoporosis (δ44/42CaBlood: −0.84 ± 0.14‰, δ44/42CaUrine: +0.35 ± 0.33‰, (SD), n = 66). This corresponded to the average Ca concentrations in morning spot urine samples ([Ca]Urine) which were higher (p = 0.041) in those women suffering from osteoporosis ([Ca]Urine-Osteoporosis: 2.58 ± 1.26 mmol/l, (SD), n = 14) than in the control group ([Ca]Urine-Control: 1.96 ± 1.39 mmol/l, (SD), n = 66). However, blood Ca concentrations ([Ca]Blood) were statistically indistinguishable between groups ([Ca]Blood, control: 2.39 ± 0.10 mmol/l (SD), n = 66); osteoporosis group: 2.43 ± 0.10 mmol/l (SD, n = 14) and were also not correlated to their corresponding Ca isotope compositions. The δ44/42CaBlood and δ44/42CaUrine values correlated significantly (p = 0.004 to p = 0.031) with their corresponding DXA data indicating that both Ca isotope ratios are biomarkers for osteoporosis. Furthermore, Ca isotope ratios were significantly correlated to other clinical parameters ([Ca]Urine, ([Ca]Urine/Creatinine)) and biomarkers (CRP, CTX/P1NP) associated with bone mineralization and demineralization. From regression analysis it can be shown that the δ44/42CaBlood values are the best biomarker for osteoporosis and that no other clinical parameters need to be taken into account in order to improve diagnosis. Cut-off values for discrimination of subjects suffering from osteoporosis were − 0.85‰ and 0.16‰ for δ44/42CaBlood and δ44/42CaUrine, respectively. Corresponding sensitivities were 100% for δ44/42CaBlood and ~79% for δ44/42CaUrine. Apparent specificities were ~55% for δ44/42CaBlood and ~71%. The apparent discrepancy in the number of diagnosed cases is reconciled by the different methodological approaches to diagnose osteoporosis. DXA reflects the bone mass density (BMD) of selected bones only (femur and spine) whereas the Ca isotope biomarker reflects bone Ca loss of the whole skeleton. In addition, the close correlation between Ca isotopes and biomarkers of bone demineralization suggest that early changes in bone demineralization are detected by Ca isotope values, long before radiological changes in BMD can manifest on DXA. Further studies are required to independently confirm that Ca isotope measurement provide a sensitive, non-invasive and radiation-free method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eisenhauer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany.,OSTEOLABS GmbH, c/o GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany
| | - M Müller
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,OSTEOLABS GmbH, c/o GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany
| | - A Heuser
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany.,OSTEOLABS GmbH, c/o GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany
| | - A Kolevica
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany.,OSTEOLABS GmbH, c/o GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany
| | - C-C Glüer
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Both
- Klinik für Neuroradiologie und Radiologie, (UKSH), Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - C Laue
- Clinical Research Center Kiel GmbH, Schauenburgerstraße 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - U V Hehn
- Medistat, GmbH, Kieler Straße 15, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - S Kloth
- OSTEOLABS GmbH, c/o GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Wischhofstr.1-3, Germany
| | - R Shroff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - J Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel GmbH, Schauenburgerstraße 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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8
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Sun S, Liu F, Liu G, Miao J, Xiao H, Xiao J, Qiu Z, Luo Z, Tang J, Cao Y. Effects of casein phosphopeptides on calcium absorption and metabolism bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2019; 9:5220-5229. [PMID: 30206607 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) are a series of peptides containing serine phosphate, which prevents calcium precipitation in the small intestine, so that it can be absorbed. Calcium metabolism studies have been typically carried out using traditional metabolic balance tests. Non-radioactive stable isotopes have rarely been used to examine the in vivo absorption and metabolism of calcium in animal models due to their high cost and the difficulty in their accurate detection. However, they have recently attracted intense research attention. In this study, we developed InertSep ME-1 using a chelating resin to effectively separate 42Ca from spectral-interference in the process of ICP-MS detection. The method effectively removes interfering ions like potassium and sodium and greatly improves the accurate detection of the calcium ion isotope. We also investigated the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of different CPPs through both in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments. The results indicate that CPPs strongly promote calcium absorption, especially the P5 active monomer component. The results of our in vivo studies show that the calcium isotope can be absorbed from the small intestine into the blood. Then, one part is transported to various organs through tissue fluids while another part is excreted into the urine through the kidneys. In general, our results reveal that CPPs promote the absorption of calcium significantly and positively affect calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Sun
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Holden NE, Coplen TB, Böhlke JK, Tarbox LV, Benefield J, de Laeter JR, Mahaffy PG, O’Connor G, Roth E, Tepper DH, Walczyk T, Wieser ME, Yoneda S. IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) was created to familiarize students, teachers, and non-professionals with the existence and importance of isotopes of the chemical elements. The IPTEI is modeled on the familiar Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. The IPTEI is intended to hang on the walls of chemistry laboratories and classrooms. Each cell of the IPTEI provides the chemical name, symbol, atomic number, and standard atomic weight of an element. Color-coded pie charts in each element cell display the stable isotopes and the relatively long-lived radioactive isotopes having characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions that determine the standard atomic weight of each element. The background color scheme of cells categorizes the 118 elements into four groups: (1) white indicates the element has no standard atomic weight, (2) blue indicates the element has only one isotope that is used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, (3) yellow indicates the element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, and (4) pink indicates the element has a well-documented variation in its atomic weight, and the standard atomic weight is expressed as an interval. An element-by-element review accompanies the IPTEI and includes a chart of all known stable and radioactive isotopes for each element. Practical applications of isotopic measurements and technologies are included for the following fields: forensic science, geochronology, Earth-system sciences, environmental science, and human health sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E. Holden
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etienne Roth
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA) , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thomas Walczyk
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Michael E. Wieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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10
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Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Herman S. Using Stable Isotopes to Assess the Bioavailability of Minerals in Food Fortification Programs. Food Nutr Bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/15648265020233s131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The fortification of various types of food with minerals is often undertaken without consideration of either their bioavailability or the potential nutrient-nutrient interactions resulting from their use. Stable isotopes provide a safe and accessible method of resolving these issues by providing the proper evidence in each case. They must be conducted according to strict safety and ethical guidelines and may be readily conducted in a field setting. Clinical studies in children enable researchers, policymakers, and food manufacturers to obtain the data necessary to determine the best way to fortify specific foods and beverages, in order to optimally enhance the nutritional health of growing children. We have shown the utility of this approach in studies in both developing countries and in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Abrams
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, USA
| | - I. J. Griffin
- Nutrition Research and Development Center in Bogor, Indonesia
| | - S. Herman
- Nutrition Research and Development Center in Bogor, Indonesia
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11
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O'Brien KO, Abrams SA. Using stable isotope tracers to study bone metabolism in children. J Physiol 2018; 597:1311-1319. [PMID: 29869788 DOI: 10.1113/jp275452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal mineralization is initiated in utero and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. During these key periods of the life cycle, calcium retention must increase significantly to provide sufficient mineral for bone deposition and skeletal growth. Stable calcium isotopes have served as a fundamental tool to non-invasively characterize the dynamic changes in calcium physiology that occur from infancy through adolescence. These approaches have helped define the dynamics of calcium absorption and utilization in healthy children and in children with chronic diseases. As data in this area have accumulated, new areas of emphasis are beginning to characterize the determinants of variability in mineral retention, the genetic determinants of bone turnover and calcium flux and the impact of the gut microbiome on whole body and niche specific calcium dynamics. Advances in these areas will help define calcium utilization in paediatric populations and provide information that may be useful in maximizing bone acquisition across this critical phase of the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
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12
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Cai J, Ren T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gou L, Huang Z, Wang J, Piao J, Yang X, Yang L. Iron physiological requirements in Chinese adults assessed by the stable isotope labeling technique. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:29. [PMID: 29721032 PMCID: PMC5910612 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron is a kind of essential trace mineral in the human body, while the studies on its physiological requirement are very limited recently, especially in China. And most studies were performed with the radioisotope tracer technique, which was harmful to health. This study aimed to first get the value of iron physiological requirements in Chinese adults assessed by the stable isotope labeling technique. Methods Forty-four eligible young Chinese healthy adults were randomly recruited from the Bethune Military Medical College (Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China) between January 2010 and March 2011, and 19 subjects were included in the final data analysis. After adaptive diets and observation, subjects received 58Fe intravenously. The baseline venous blood sample and general information were collected on day 0. Venous blood samples were also collected on day 14, 30, 60, 100, 120, 150, 240, 330, 425, 515, 605, 767, 1155, respectively. The blood samples were acid digested by a Microwave Digestion System and then analyzed by the MC-ICP-MS and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to get the abundance of Fe isotopes and the total iron concentration respectively. The circulation rate (the proportion of blood iron to whole body iron) could be calculated by the intake amount, background content and the peak isotope content. When the abundance changed stably, the iron physiological requirement could be calculated by the iron loss in a period of time. Results The abundance of 58Fe reached its peak on day 14, and changed stably from day 425. The average circulation rate was 84%, with no significance difference between the 2 genders. The mean iron requirement in females was 1101.68 μg/d, and the mean requirement adjusted by body weight was 20.69 μg/kg.d. For males, the mean iron requirement was 959.9 μg/d, and the requirement adjusted by body weight was 14.04 μg/kg.d. Conclusion Our study has obtained the data about the iron physiological requirements of Chinese adults using stable isotope labeling technique, which could provide the basis for adjusting iron DRIs of Chinese people in the future. Trial registration The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No: ChiCTR-TRC-09000581).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- 1The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of The Ministry of Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Tongxiang Ren
- 2National Institute of Metrology, National Research Center for Certified Reference Material, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Bethune Military Medical College, Zhongshanxi Road 450, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Bethune Military Medical College, Zhongshanxi Road 450, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province China
| | - Lingyan Gou
- Bethune Military Medical College, Zhongshanxi Road 450, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province China
| | - Zhengwu Huang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of The Ministry of Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jun Wang
- 2National Institute of Metrology, National Research Center for Certified Reference Material, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Piao
- 1The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of The Ministry of Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of The Ministry of Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Lichen Yang
- 1The Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of The Ministry of Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
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Biasini B, Marchi L, Angelino D, Bedogni G, Zavaroni I, Pruneti C, Galli D, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Passeri G, Ventura M, Del Rio D, Martini D. Claimed effects, outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims on foods related to the gastrointestinal tract proposed under regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:771-804. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1427220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biasini
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Marchi
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivana Zavaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C. Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Andrology, Metabolic Bone Diseases and Endocrinology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food and Drugs, The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Cao F, Lu L, Abrams SA, Hawthorne KM, Tam A, Jin W, Dawson B, Shypailo R, Liu H, Lee B, Nagamani SCS, Wang LL. Generalized metabolic bone disease and fracture risk in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3046-3055. [PMID: 28486640 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poikiloderma, small stature, sparse hair, skeletal abnormalities, increased risk of osteosarcoma, and decreased bone mass. To date, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence and extent of metabolic bone disease in RTS. Furthermore, the mechanisms that result in this phenotype are largely unknown. In this report, we provide a detailed evaluation of 29 individuals with RTS with respect to their metabolic bone status including bone mineral density, calcium kinetics studies, and markers of bone remodeling. We show that individuals with RTS have decreased areal bone mineral density. Additionally, we demonstrate that the presence of pathogenic variants in RECQL4 and low bone mineral density correlate with the history of increased risk of fractures. Using a RECQL4-deficient mouse model that recapitulates skeletal abnormalities seen in individuals with RTS, we demonstrate that generalized skeletal involvement is likely due to decreased osteogenesis. Our findings are clinically relevant as they may help in the risk stratification of patients with RTS and also in the identification of individuals who may benefit from additional surveillance and management of metabolic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Cao
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program
| | - Linchao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Keli M Hawthorne
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Roman Shypailo
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Hao Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Healthy, term, breastfed infants usually have adequate iron stores that, together with the small amount of iron that is contributed by breast milk, make them iron sufficient until ≥6 mo of age. The appropriate concentration of iron in infant formula to achieve iron sufficiency is more controversial. Infants who are fed formula with varying concentrations of iron generally achieve sufficiency with iron concentrations of 2 mg/L (i.e., with iron status that is similar to that of breastfed infants at 6 mo of age). Regardless of the feeding choice, infants' capacity to regulate iron homeostasis is important but less well understood than the regulation of iron absorption in adults, which is inverse to iron status and strongly upregulated or downregulated. Infants who were given daily iron drops compared with a placebo from 4 to 6 mo of age had similar increases in hemoglobin concentrations. In addition, isotope studies have shown no difference in iron absorption between infants with high or low hemoglobin concentrations at 6 mo of age. Together, these findings suggest a lack of homeostatic regulation of iron homeostasis in young infants. However, at 9 mo of age, homeostatic regulatory capacity has developed although, to our knowledge, its extent is not known. Studies in suckling rat pups showed similar results with no capacity to regulate iron homeostasis at 10 d of age when fully nursing, but such capacity occurred at 20 d of age when pups were partially weaned. The major iron transporters in the small intestine divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin were not affected by pup iron status at 10 d of age but were strongly affected by iron status at 20 d of age. Thus, mechanisms that regulate iron homeostasis are developed at the time of weaning. Overall, studies in human infants and experimental animals suggest that iron homeostasis is absent or limited early in infancy largely because of a lack of regulation of the iron transporters DMT1 and ferroportin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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16
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Ware NA, Oni L, O'Brien KO, Abrams SA, Rees L. The dual-tracer stable isotope method to measure calcium absorption in children on dialysis: a new use for an old technique. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:1713-4. [PMID: 27344561 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Ware
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Louise Oni
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | | | - Steven A Abrams
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lesley Rees
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
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17
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Cusick SE, Opoka RO, Abrams SA, John CC, Georgieff MK, Mupere E. Delaying Iron Therapy until 28 Days after Antimalarial Treatment Is Associated with Greater Iron Incorporation and Equivalent Hematologic Recovery after 56 Days in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146:1769-74. [PMID: 27358418 PMCID: PMC4997284 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.233239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron therapy begun concurrently with antimalarial treatment may not be well absorbed because of malaria-induced inflammation. Delaying the start of iron therapy may permit better iron absorption and distribution. OBJECTIVE We compared erythrocyte iron incorporation in children who started iron supplementation concurrently with antimalarial treatment or 28 d later. We hypothesized that delayed iron supplementation would be associated with greater incorporation and better hematologic recovery. METHODS We enrolled 100 children aged 6-59 mo with malaria and hemoglobin concentrations of 50.0-99.9 g/L who presented to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, into a randomized trial of iron therapy. All children were administered antimalarial treatment. Children with zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) ≥80 μmol/mol heme were randomly assigned to start iron supplementation concurrently with the antimalarial treatment [immediate iron (I) group] or 28 d later [delayed iron (D) group]. All children were administered iron-stable isotope (57)Fe on day 0 and (58)Fe on day 28. We compared the percentage of iron incorporation at the start of supplementation (I group at day 0 compared with D group at day 28, aim 1) and hematologic recovery at day 56 (aim 2). RESULTS The percentage of iron incorporation (mean ± SE) was greater at day 28 in the D group (16.5% ± 1.7%) than at day 0 in the I group (7.9% ± 0.5%; P < 0.001). On day 56, concentrations of hemoglobin and ZPP and plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, and C-reactive protein did not differ between the groups. On day 28, the hemoglobin (mean ± SD) and plasma iron markers (geometric mean; 95% CI) reflected poorer iron status in the D group than in the I group at this intervening time as follows: hemoglobin (105 ± 15.9 compared with 112 ± 12.4 g/L; P = 0.04), ferritin (39.3 μg/L; 23.5, 65.7 μg/L compared with 79.9 μg/L; 58.3, 110 μg/L; P = 0.02), sTfR (8.9 mg/L; 7.4, 10.7 mg/L compared with 6.7 mg/L; 6.1, 7.5 mg/L; P = 0.01), and hepcidin (13.3 ng/mL; 8.3, 21.2 ng/mL compared with 38.8 ng/mL; 28.3, 53.3 ng/mL; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Delaying the start of iron improves incorporation but leads to equivalent hematologic recovery at day 56 in Ugandan children with malaria and anemia. These results do not demonstrate a clear, short-term benefit of delaying iron. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01754701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN;
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Departament of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX; and
| | - Chandy C John
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ezekiel Mupere
- Departament of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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18
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Aloia J, Dhaliwal R, Mikhail M, Shieh A, Stolberg A, Ragolia L, Fazzari M, Abrams SA. Free 25(OH)D and Calcium Absorption, PTH, and Markers of Bone Turnover. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4140-5. [PMID: 26312580 PMCID: PMC4702446 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It has been proposed that serum free 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may better reflect vitamin D action than total 25(OH)D. An ELISA for serum free 25(OH)D has recently become available, permitting direct assay. OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum free 25(OH)D provides additional information in relation to calcium absorption and other biomarkers of vitamin D action compared to total serum 25(OH)D. SETTING Ambulatory research setting in a teaching hospital. OUTCOME Serum free 25(OH)D measured in a previously performed study of varied doses of vitamin D3 (placebo and 800, 2000, and 4000 IU) on calcium absorption, PTH, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Free 25(OH)D was measured by ELISA. Calcium absorption was measured at baseline and at 10 weeks using stable dual calcium isotopes. RESULTS Seventy-one subjects completed this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Baseline group mean free and total 25(OH)D varied from 4.7 ± 1.8 to 5.4 ± 1.5 pg/mL, and from 23.7 ± 5.9 to 25.9 ± 6.1 ng/mL, respectively. Participants assigned to the 4000-IU dose arm achieved free 25(OH)D levels of 10.4 pg/mL and total 25(OH)D levels of 40.4 ng/mL. Total and free 25(OH)D were highly correlated at baseline and after increasing vitamin D dosing (r = 0.80 and 0.85, respectively). Free 25(OH)D closely reflected changes in total 25(OH)D. PTH was similarly correlated at baseline and follow-up with total and free 25(OH)D. Serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen had a moderate positive correlation with total and free 25(OH)D at follow-up. The serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D change increased significantly with the change in 25(OH)D but not with the change in free 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION There was no advantage from measuring free over total 25(OH)D in assessing the response of calcium absorption, PTH, and markers of bone turnover to vitamin D. Free 25(OH)D responded to increasing doses of vitamin D in a similar fashion to total 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aloia
- Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501
| | | | | | - Albert Shieh
- Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501
| | | | - Louis Ragolia
- Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501
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Hansen KE, Johnson RE, Chambers KR, Johnson MG, Lemon CC, Thuy Vo TN, Marvdashti S. Treatment of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175:1612-21. [PMID: 26237520 PMCID: PMC4594209 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Experts debate optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels for musculoskeletal health. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of placebo, low-dose cholecalciferol, and high-dose cholecalciferol on 1-year changes in total fractional calcium absorption, bone mineral density, Timed Up and Go and five sit-to-stand tests, and muscle mass in postmenopausal women with vitamin D insufficiency. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at a single center in Madison, Wisconsin, from May 1, 2010, through July 31, 2013, and the final visit was completed on August 8, 2014. A total of 230 postmenopausal women 75 years or younger with baseline 25(OH)D levels of 14 through 27 ng/mL and no osteoporosis were studied. INTERVENTIONS Three arms included daily white and twice monthly yellow placebo (n=76), daily 800 IU vitamin D3 and twice monthly yellow placebo (n=75), and daily white placebo and twice monthly 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=79). The high-dose vitamin D regimen achieved and maintained 25(OH)D levels≥30 ng/mL. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcome measures were 1-year change in total fractional calcium absorption using 2 stable isotopes, bone mineral density and muscle mass using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, Timed Up and Go and five sit-to-stand tests, functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire), and physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), with Benjamini-Hochberg correction of P values to control for the false discovery rate. RESULTS After baseline absorption was controlled for, calcium absorption increased 1% (10 mg/d) in the high-dose arm but decreased 2% in the low-dose arm (P = .005 vs high-dose arm) and 1.3% in the placebo arm (P = .03 vs high-dose arm). We found no between-arm changes in spine, mean total-hip, mean femoral neck, or total-body bone mineral density, trabecular bone score, muscle mass, and Timed Up and Go or five sit-to-stand test scores. Likewise, we found no between-arm differences for numbers of falls, number of fallers, physical activity, or functional status. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High-dose cholecalciferol therapy increased calcium absorption, but the effect was small and did not translate into beneficial effects on bone mineral density, muscle function, muscle mass, or falls. We found no data to support experts' recommendations to maintain serum 25(OH)D levels of 30 ng/mL or higher in postmenopausal women. Instead, we found that low- and high-dose cholecalciferol were equivalent to placebo in their effects on bone and muscle outcomes in this cohort of postmenopausal women with 25(OH)D levels less than 30 ng/mL. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00933244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - R. Erin Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
- Quality and Patient Safety Analysis, Saint Luke’s Health System, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kaitlin R. Chambers
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Michael G. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Christina C. Lemon
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Tien Nguyen Thuy Vo
- Department of Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
| | - Sheeva Marvdashti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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García OP, Martínez M, Romano D, Camacho M, de Moura FF, Abrams SA, Khanna HK, Dale JL, Rosado JL. Iron absorption in raw and cooked bananas: a field study using stable isotopes in women. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:25976. [PMID: 25660254 PMCID: PMC4320136 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.25976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Banana is a staple food in many regions with high iron deficiency and may be a potential vehicle for iron fortification. However, iron absorption from bananas is not known. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate total iron absorption from raw and cooked bananas. Design Thirty women (34.9±6.6 years) from rural Mexico were randomly assigned to one of two groups each consuming: 1) 480 g/day of raw banana for 6 days, or 2) 500 g/day of cooked banana for 4 days. Iron absorption was measured after extrinsically labeling with 2 mg of 58Fe and a reference dose of 6 mg 57Fe; analysis was done using ICP-MS. Results Iron content in cooked bananas was significantly higher than raw bananas (0.53 mg/100 g bananas vs. 0.33 mg/100 mg bananas, respectively) (p<0.001). Percent iron absorption was significantly higher in raw bananas (49.3±21.3%) compared with cooked banana (33.9±16.2%) (p=0.035). Total amount of iron absorbed from raw and cooked bananas was similar (0.77±0.33 mg vs. 0.86±0.41 mg, respectively). Conclusion Total amount of absorbed iron is similar between cooked and raw bananas. The banana matrix does not affect iron absorption and is therefore a potential effective target for genetic modification for iron biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P García
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México; ;
| | - Mara Martínez
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Diana Romano
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Mariela Camacho
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Fabiana F de Moura
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steve A Abrams
- Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Harjeet K Khanna
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James L Dale
- Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Jorge L Rosado
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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21
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Roth DE, Pezzack B, Al Mahmud A, Abrams SA, Islam M, Aimone Phillips A, Baxter JAB, Dimitris MC, Hawthorne KM, Ahmed T, Zlotkin SH. Bioavailability of enteric-coated microencapsulated calcium during pregnancy: a randomized crossover trial in Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:1587-95. [PMID: 25411294 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal calcium and iron supplements are recommended in settings of low dietary calcium intake and high prevalence of anemia. However, calcium administration may inhibit iron absorption. To overcome calcium-iron interactions, we developed a multi-micronutrient powder containing iron (60 mg), folic acid (400 μg), and calcium carbonate granules microencapsulated with a pH-sensitive enteric coating to delay intestinal release. OBJECTIVES We aimed to establish in vivo evidence that enteric-coated (EC) calcium is bioavailable in pregnant women and to explore the dose-responsiveness of fractional calcium absorption (FCA) in pregnancy. DESIGN This was a randomized crossover trial in pregnant women (26-28 wk of gestation) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants were allocated to 1 of 3 dose groups (500, 1000, or 1500 mg elemental Ca). FCA was estimated in random order for EC and non-EC (control) granules by a dual-stable-isotope method ((44)Ca-labeled granules and intravenous (42)Ca) on the basis of the relative recovery of (44)Ca compared with (42)Ca in urine over 48 h. RESULTS Forty-nine participants with FCA for both EC and non-EC granules were included in the primary analyses. FCA geometric means were as follows: 21.8% (500 mg), 9.2% (1000 mg), and 11.7% (1500 mg) for non-EC granules compared with 3.3% (500 mg), 1.2% (1000 mg), and 2.1% for EC granules. Cumulative 48-h FCA of EC calcium was 85% lower (P < 0.001) than that of non-EC calcium, after adjustment for dose. In comparison to 500 mg, the FCA for the 1000-mg dose was 61% lower (P < 0.001) and was 42% lower (P = 0.002) for the 1500-mg dose, after adjustment for formulation. CONCLUSIONS A pH-sensitive enteric coating substantially reduced calcium absorption from a prenatal multi-micronutrient powder. In its current formulation, this novel supplement is not suitable for clinical use. FCA was highly dose-dependent, such that doses of 1000 and 1500 mg delivered only negligibly more bioavailable calcium than the 500-mg dose. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01678079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Roth
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Brendon Pezzack
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Steven A Abrams
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Munirul Islam
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Ashley Aimone Phillips
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Jo-Anna B Baxter
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Michelle C Dimitris
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Keli M Hawthorne
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
| | - Stanley H Zlotkin
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER, BP, AAP, J-ABB, MCD, and SHZ); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (DER and SHZ); the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh (AAM, MI, and TA); and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA and KMH)
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Aloia JF, Dhaliwal R, Shieh A, Mikhail M, Fazzari M, Ragolia L, Abrams SA. Vitamin D supplementation increases calcium absorption without a threshold effect. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:624-31. [PMID: 24335055 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.067199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maximal calcium absorption in response to vitamin D has been proposed as a biomarker for vitamin D sufficiency. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether there is a threshold beyond which increasing doses of vitamin D, or concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], no longer increase calcium absorption. DESIGN This was a placebo-controlled, dose-response, randomized, double-blind study of the effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption in healthy postmenopausal women. Seventy-six healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to placebo or 800 IU (20 μg), 2000 IU (50 μg), or 4000 IU (100 μg) vitamin D₃ for 8 wk. The technique of dual isotopes of stable calcium was used with a calcium carrier to measure calcium absorption at baseline and after 8 wk. RESULTS Seventy-one women with a mean ± SD age of 58.8 ± 4.9 y completed the study. The mean calcium intake was 1142 ± 509 mg/d and serum 25(OH)D was 63 ± 14 nmol/L at baseline. A statistically significant linear trend of an increase in calcium absorption adjusted for age and body mass index with increasing vitamin D₃ dose or serum 25(OH)D concentration was observed. A 6.7% absolute increase in calcium absorption was found in the highest vitamin D₃ group (100 μg). No evidence of nonlinearity was observed in the dose-response curve. CONCLUSIONS No evidence of a threshold of calcium absorption was found with a serum 25(OH)D range from 40 to 130 nmol/L. Calcium absorption in this range is not a useful biomarker to determine nutritional recommendations for vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Aloia
- From Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY (JFA, RD, AS, MM, MF, and LR) and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SAA)
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Cao JJ, Pasiakos SM, Margolis LM, Sauter ER, Whigham LD, McClung JP, Young AJ, Combs GF. Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolic responses to high-protein diets during energy deficit in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:400-7. [PMID: 24284444 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although consuming dietary protein above current recommendations during energy deficit (ED) preserves lean body mass, concerns have been raised regarding the effects of high-protein diets on bone health. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether calcium homeostasis and bone turnover are affected by high-protein diets during weight maintenance (WM) and ED. DESIGN In a randomized, parallel-design, controlled trial of 32 men and 7 women, volunteers were assigned diets providing protein at 0.8 [Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)], 1.6 (2 × RDA), or 2.4 (3 × RDA) g · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 31 d. Ten days of WM preceded 21 d of ED, during which total daily ED was 40%, achieved by reduced dietary energy intake (∼30%) and increased physical activity (∼10%). The macronutrient composition (protein g · kg(-1) · d(-1) and % fat) was held constant from WM to ED. Calcium absorption (ratio of (44)Ca to (42)Ca) and circulating indexes of bone turnover were determined at day 8 (WM) and day 29 (ED). RESULTS Regardless of energy state, mean (±SEM) urinary pH was lower (P < 0.05) at 2 × RDA (6.28 ± 0.05) and 3 × RDA (6.23 ± 0.06) than at the RDA (6.54 ± 0.06). However, protein had no effect on either urinary calcium excretion (P > 0.05) or the amount of calcium retained (P > 0.05). ED decreased serum insulin-like growth factor I concentrations and increased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (P < 0.01). Remaining markers of bone turnover and whole-body bone mineral density and content were not affected by either the protein level or ED (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that short-term consumption of high-protein diets does not disrupt calcium homeostasis and is not detrimental to skeletal integrity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01292395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Cao
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND (JJC, LDW, and GFC); the Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA (SMP, LMM, JPM, and AJY); and the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (ERS)
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24
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Abrams SA, Chen Z, Hawthorne KM. Magnesium metabolism in 4-year-old to 8-year-old children. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:118-22. [PMID: 23787702 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a key factor in bone health, but few studies have evaluated Mg intake or absorption and their relationship with bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD) in children. We measured Mg intake, absorption, and urinary excretion in a group of children 4 to 8 years of age. Mg absorption was determined using a dual-tracer stable isotope technique, with (25) Mg given intravenously and (26) Mg given orally. We found a small, but significantly greater Mg absorption efficiency (percentage absorption) in males than females (67% ± 12% versus 60% ± 8%, p = 0.02) but no difference in estimated net Mg retention (average of 37 mg/d in both males and females). Relating dietary Mg intake to estimated Mg retention showed that an intake of 133 mg/d, slightly above the current estimated average requirement (EAR) of 110 mg/d, led to a net average retention of 10 mg/d, the likely minimum growth-related need for this age group. Covariate analysis showed that Mg intake and total Mg absorption, but not calcium intake or total absorption were significantly associated with both total body BMC and BMD. These results suggest that usual Mg intakes in small children in the United States meet dietary requirements in most but not all children. Within the usual range of children's diets in the United States, dietary Mg intake and absorption may be important, relatively unrecognized factors in bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Abrams SA, Hawthorne KM, Chen Z. Supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D/d leads to parathyroid hormone suppression, but not increased fractional calcium absorption, in 4-8-y-old children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:217-23. [PMID: 23151536 PMCID: PMC3522137 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.046102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D supplementation in healthy prepubertal children on physiologic outcomes have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 1000 IU vitamin D(3)/d on calcium absorption. DESIGN In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 64 children to 1000 IU vitamin D(3)/d (n = 32) or placebo (n = 32) for 8 wk. Stable isotopes were used to assess calcium absorption. The main outcome measure was calcium absorption before and after supplementation. RESULTS All of the data are shown as means ± SDs. At baseline, vitamin D intake was 221 ± 79 IU/d and calcium intake was 830 ± 197 mg/d. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was not significantly correlated with fractional or total calcium absorption. After 8 wk, with baseline values used as a covariate, no differences were seen in fractional or total calcium absorption based on supplementation group (P = 0.75 and 0.36, respectively). Supplemented children had a significant increase in 25(OH)D concentrations (from 27.7 ± 7.4 to 36.0 ± 10.3 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) and a decrease in parathyroid hormone (from 21.4 ± 10.4 to 12.9 ± 7.1 pg/mL; P < 0.001); no significant changes in the placebo group were observed. No adverse side effects were noted in either group. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D(3) supplementation at 1000 IU/d increases 25(OH)D and decreases parathyroid hormone in children with average vitamin D intakes below the dietary recommendations of the Institute of Medicine. However, no significant effects of this change on calcium absorption occurred. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00868738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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26
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González-Iglesias H, Fernández-Sánchez ML, López-Sastre J, Sanz-Medel A. Nutritional iron supplementation studies based on enriched57Fe, added to milk in rats, and isotope pattern deconvolution-ICP-MS analysis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2407-15. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor González-Iglesias
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Oviedo; Oviedo; Spain
| | | | - José López-Sastre
- Department of Neonatology; “Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias”; Oviedo; Spain
| | - Alfredo Sanz-Medel
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Oviedo; Oviedo; Spain
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Szymlek-Gay EA, Lönnerdal B, Abrams SA, Kvistgaard AS, Domellöf M, Hernell O. α-Lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide do not affect iron absorption from formula in healthy term infants. J Nutr 2012; 142:1226-31. [PMID: 22623383 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron absorption from infant formula is relatively low. α-Lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide have been suggested to enhance mineral absorption. We therefore assessed the effect of α-lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide on iron absorption from infant formula in healthy term infants. Thirty-one infants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 formulas (4 mg iron/L, 13.1 g protein/L) from 4-8 wk to 6 mo of age: commercially available whey-predominant standard infant formula (standard formula), α-lactalbumin-enriched infant formula (α-LAC), or α-lactalbumin-enriched/casein-glycomacropeptide-reduced infant formula (α-LAC/RGMP). Nine breast-fed infants served as a reference. At 5.5 mo of age, (58)Fe was administered to all infants in a meal. Blood samples were collected 14 d later for iron absorption and iron status indices. Iron deficiency was defined as depleted iron stores, iron-deficient erythropoiesis, or iron deficiency anemia. Iron absorption (mean ± SD) was 10.3 ± 7.0% from standard formula, 8.6 ± 3.8% from α-LAC, 9.2 ± 6.5% from α-LAC/RGMP, and 12.9 ± 6.5% from breast milk, with no difference between the formula groups (P = 0.79) or all groups (P = 0.44). In the formula-fed infants only, iron absorption was negatively correlated with serum ferritin (r = -0.49; P = 0.005) and was higher (P = 0.023) in iron-deficient infants (16.4 ± 12.4%) compared with those with adequate iron status (8.6 ± 4.4%). Our findings indicate that α-lactalbumin and casein-glycomacropeptide do not affect iron absorption from infant formula in infants. Low serum ferritin concentrations are correlated with increased iron absorption from infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Szymlek-Gay
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
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Beverly AB, Zhu L, Fish TL, Thannhauser T, Rutzke MA, Miller DD. Green tea ingestion by rats does not affect iron absorption but does alter the composition of the saliva proteome. J Food Sci 2012; 77:H96-H104. [PMID: 22497429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that rats adapt to the iron absorption inhibitory effects of tea by modifying the expression of salivary proteins. Thirty-six weanling rats were allocated into 6 groups. Two control groups were fed a semipurified diet containing 20 mg Fe(2+)/kg diet. Two groups were fed spray dried green tea infusion mixed into the diet (28.6 g tea/kg diet) and 2 groups were fed the control diet with a twice daily gavage of a tea solution (0.25 g tea/mL). Saliva samples were collected in 3 groups (control, gavage, and oral) on day 8 (acute) and in the remaining groups on day 31 (chronic). Iron absorption was assessed using a (58)Fe(3+) tracer administered on day 1 (acute) and day 24 (chronic). 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to assess the composition of the saliva proteome. There was no significant difference in iron absorption between the 3 groups on either day 1 or day 24. Salivary proline-rich proteins and submandibular gland secretory protein increased to a greater extent in the oral group than in the gavage group, when compared to control, within the same exposure time period. Amylase, chitinase, deoxyribonuclease, cysteine-rich secretory protein 1, and parotid secretory protein all decreased to a greater extent in the oral tea group, compared to the control, within the same exposure time period. Our results show that green tea did not decrease iron absorption in rats but it did have a marked effect on the saliva proteome when given orally.
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Tevaarwerk A, Burkard ME, Wisinski KB, Shafer MM, Davis LA, Gogineni J, Crone E, Hansen KE. Aromatase inhibitors and calcium absorption in early stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:245-51. [PMID: 22350731 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-1982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of aromatase inhibitors (AI) on intestinal calcium absorption, measured using the gold-standard dual stable calcium isotope method. In this pilot study, we recruited 10 postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who planned to initiate AI therapy; women receiving chemotherapy were excluded. Women completed two 24 h inpatient calcium absorption study visits, the first prior to AI therapy and the second at least 6 weeks following onset of AI therapy. We calculated total fractional calcium absorption (TFCA) using the dose-corrected fractional recovery of two stable isotopes from 24 h urine collections. Ten postmenopausal women (mean±SD age, 66±7 years; 25(OH)D 40±7 ng/mL, and total calcium intake of 1,714±640 mg/day) exhibited no change in TFCA related to AI therapy (0.155±0.042 prior to and 0.160±0.064 following AI therapy, p=1.0). Subjects exhibited a surprisingly small decline in serum estradiol levels with AI therapy that was not statistically significant. However, there was a significant correlation between duration of AI therapy and the decline in serum estradiol levels (r=-0.65, p=0.040). In this pilot study, AI therapy did not decrease TFCA. Women with early stage breast cancer exhibited an unexpectedly low TFCA, most likely due to their high calcium intake. The null effect of AI therapy on TFCA might relate to the brief duration of AI therapy, the minimal effect of AI therapy on estradiol levels, subjects' high calcium intake or excellent vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amye Tevaarwerk
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Room 4124, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA
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30
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Dauber A, Nguyen TT, Sochett E, Cole DEC, Horst R, Abrams SA, Carpenter TO, Hirschhorn JN. Genetic defect in CYP24A1, the vitamin D 24-hydroxylase gene, in a patient with severe infantile hypercalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E268-74. [PMID: 22112808 PMCID: PMC3275367 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) is a disorder the genetic etiology and physiological basis of which are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe the underlying physiology and genetic cause of hypercalcemia in an infant with severe IIH and to extend these genetic findings into an additional cohort of children with IIH. DESIGN This was an inpatient study of a single patient with consanguineous parents at an academic medical center with follow-up in a specialty clinic cohort. PATIENTS The patient population was one patient with severe IIH for gene discovery and physiological testing and 27 patients with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia in the replication cohort. INTERVENTIONS Interventions included a calcium isotopic absorption study as well as homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in a single patient followed up by gene sequencing in replication cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fractional absorption of calcium and genetic variants causing hypercalcemia were measured. RESULTS Intestinal calcium absorption was extremely elevated (∼90%). A rare homozygous deletion in the CYP24A1 gene was found, leading to the loss of a single highly conserved amino acid. In vivo functional studies confirmed decreased 24-hydroxylase activity because the subject had undetectable levels of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. No coding variants in CYP24A1 were found in the 27 additional patients with IIH. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that CYP24A1 plays a causal role in some but not all cases of IIH via markedly increased intestinal absorption of calcium, suggesting that genetic diagnosis could be helpful in a subset of IIH patients. This case demonstrates the power of an unbiased, genome-wide approach accompanied by informative physiological studies to provide new insights into human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Clinical Investigator Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Martí-Cabrera M, Martí-Masanet M, Esplugues JV. [Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors: is the risk of osteoporosis and fractures real?]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2011; 34:271-7. [PMID: 21419526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most widely used groups of drugs and their potential toxicity is periodically reviewed, emphasizing aspects originally considered secondary. The present review analyzes the physiological and pharmacological bases and the scarce clinical evidence for a potential association between the continued administration of PPI and the development of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Both disorders are clearly related to calcium homeostasis and are highly important in elderly patients due to their poor general prognosis and disabling consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martí-Cabrera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, España
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32
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Hansen KE, Jones AN, Lindstrom MJ, Davis LA, Ziegler TE, Penniston KL, Alvig AL, Shafer MM. Do proton pump inhibitors decrease calcium absorption? J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:2786-95. [PMID: 20578215 PMCID: PMC3179281 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase osteoporotic fracture risk presumably via hypochlorhydria and consequent reduced fractional calcium absorption (FCA). Existing studies provide conflicting information regarding the direct effects of PPIs on FCA. We evaluated the effect of PPI therapy on FCA. We recruited women at least 5 years past menopause who were not taking acid suppressants. Participants underwent three 24-hour inpatient FCA studies using the dual stable isotope method. Two FCA studies were performed 1 month apart to establish baseline calcium absorption. The third study occurred after taking omeprazole (40 mg/day) for 30 days. Each participant consumed the same foods during all FCA studies; study meals replicated subjects' dietary habits based on 7-day diet diaries. Twenty-one postmenopausal women ages 58 ± 7 years (mean ± SD) completed all study visits. Seventeen women were white, and 2 each were black and Hispanic. FCA (mean ± SD) was 20% ± 10% at visit 1, 18% ± 10% at visit 2, and 23% ± 10% following 30 ± 3 days of daily omeprazole (p = .07, ANOVA). Multiple linear regression revealed that age, gastric pH, serum omeprazole levels, adherence to omeprazole, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were unrelated to changes in FCA between study visits 2 and 3. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) level at visit 2 was the only variable (p = .049) associated with the change in FCA between visits 2 and 3. PPI-associated hypochlorhydria does not decrease FCA following 30 days of continuous use. Future studies should focus on identifying mechanisms by which PPIs increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Hansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Kumari M, Khazai NB, Ziegler TR, Nanes MS, Abrams SA, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D-mediated calcium absorption in patients with clinically stable Crohn's disease: a pilot study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:1085-91. [PMID: 20306476 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is the critical hormone for intestinal absorption of calcium. Optimal calcium absorption is important for proper mineralization of bone in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, among other important functions. Diseases associated with gut inflammation, such as Crohn's disease (CD), may impair calcium absorption. This pilot study evaluated vitamin D- dependent calcium absorption in subjects with CD. Male subjects with CD (n=4) and healthy age-matched controls (n=5) were studied. All subjects had fractional calcium absorption (FCA; by the dual calcium isotope method), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium excretion measurements at baseline. The FCA in response to vitamin D therapy was re-assessed following administration of oral calcitriol 0.25 mcg twice daily for 1 wk, followed by oral calcitriol 0.50 mcg twice daily for 1 wk. Serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium determinations were re-assessed after each increasing dose of calcitriol as safety measures. There was no significant difference in calcium FCA at baseline or after increasing doses of calcitriol between the CD and controls. FCA in the control and CD group was approximately 35% at baseline, which increased to 60% after calcitriol therapy. No subject developed hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. Our results suggest that CD patients have a normal response to vitamin D in enhancing the efficacy of calcium absorption. This suggests that stable CD patients can follow calcium and vitamin D guidelines of non-CD adults. Other factors independent of vitamin D status may impair intestinal calcium absorption in CD, including the degree and location of inflammation, presence of surgical resection and/or use of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Thacher TD, Abrams SA. Relationship of calcium absorption with 25(OH)D and calcium intake in children with rickets. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:682-8. [PMID: 20961298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional rickets has long been considered a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, but recent data indicate that inadequate dietary calcium intake is an important cause of rickets, particularly in tropical countries. Children with rickets due to calcium deficiency do not have very low 25(OH)D concentrations, and serum 1,25(OH)(2) D values are markedly elevated. Studies of Nigerian children with rickets demonstrated they have high fractional calcium absorption. A high-phytate diet was demonstrated to increase calcium absorption compared with the fasting state, and enzymatic dephytinization did not significantly improve calcium absorption. When given vitamin D, children with rickets have a marked increase in 1,25(OH)(2) D concentrations without any change in fractional calcium absorption. No positive relationship was found between fractional calcium absorption and serum 25(OH)D concentrations in children on low-calcium diets. More research is needed to understand the interaction between calcium and vitamin D and the role of vitamin D in calcium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Jones AN, Blank RD, Lindstrom MJ, Penniston KL, Hansen KE. Adjustment for body mass index and calcitrophic hormone levels improves the diagnostic accuracy of the spot urine calcium-to-creatinine ratio. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:1417-25. [PMID: 19760060 PMCID: PMC3065296 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Providers diagnose hypercalciuria using a 24-hour or random urine samples. We compared calcium measurements from paired 24-hour and morning urine samples; measurements correlated poorly. We developed a formula to correct random urine calcium levels. Corrected levels showed excellent agreement with 24-hour measurements. Until validation, providers should diagnose hypercalciuria using 24-hour tests. INTRODUCTION Hypercalciuria is a risk factor for osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis. The 24-hour urine calcium (24HUC) measurement is the gold standard to diagnose hypercalciuria, but the spot urine calcium-to-creatinine ratio (SUCCR) is more convenient. Although authors claim they are interchangeable, we observed inconsistencies during the conduct of a clinical trial. Therefore, we systematically evaluated agreement between the tests. METHODS During a 28-inpatient calcium absorption studies in 16 postmenopausal women, we simultaneously collected paired fasting morning and 24-hour urine specimens. RESULTS We found moderate correlation between paired SUCCR and 24HUC specimens (r = 0.57, p = 0.002), but the SUCCR underestimated 24HUC by a mean of 83 mg (Bland-Altman). We diagnosed hypercalciuria (24HUC >250 mg) in eight specimens using the 24HUC, but only in two specimens using the SUCCR (25% sensitivity). We developed a regression model to predict 24HUC using SUCCR, parathyroid hormone, body mass index, and 1,25(OH)(2)D. The model improved diagnostic sensitivity to 100% and decreased Bland-Altman bias of the SUCCR to +0.06 mg/kg/24-hour. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the SUCCR underestimates urine calcium loss and does not reliably diagnose hypercalciuria. A formula derived from multivariate regression incorporating other readily measurable variables greatly improved the SUCCR's accuracy. Future studies must verify this correction before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Jones
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Center & Research Program, 2870 University Avenue Suite 100, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Robert D. Blank
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Center & Research Program, 2870 University Avenue Suite 100, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center GRECC Service, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Mary J. Lindstrom
- University of Wisconsin Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Kristina L. Penniston
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Karen E. Hansen
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Center & Research Program, 2870 University Avenue Suite 100, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Uenishi K, Fujita T, Ishida H, Fujii Y, Ohue M, Kaji H, Hirai M, Kakumoto M, Abrams SA. Fractional absorption of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa) and calcium carbonate measured by a dual stable-isotope method. Nutrients 2010; 2:752-61. [PMID: 22254052 PMCID: PMC3257682 DOI: 10.3390/nu2070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the use of stable isotopes, this study aimed to compare the bioavailability of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa), obtained from oyster shell powder heated to a high temperature, with an additional heated seaweed component (Heated Algal Ingredient, HAI), with that of calcium carbonate. In 10 postmenopausal women volunteers aged 59 to 77 years (mean ± S.D., 67 ± 5.3), the fractional calcium absorption of AAACa and CaCO3 was measured by a dual stable isotope method. 44Ca-enriched CaCO3 and AAACa were administered in all subjects one month apart. After a fixed-menu breakfast and pre-test urine collection (Urine 0), 42Ca-enriched CaCl2 was intravenously injected, followed by oral administration of 44Ca-enriched CaCO3 without carrier 15 minutes later, and complete urine collection for the next 24 hours (Urine 24). The fractional calcium absorption was calculated as the ratio of Augmentation of 44Ca from Urine 0 to Urine 24/ augmentation of 42Ca from Urine 0 to Urine 24. Differences and changes of 44Ca and 42Ca were corrected by comparing each with 43Ca. Fractional absorption of AAACa (mean ± S.D., 23.1 ± 6.4), was distinctly and significantly higher than that of CaCO3 (14.7 ± 6.4; p = 0.0060 by paired t-test). The mean fractional absorption was approximately 1.57-times higher for AAACa than for CaCO3. The serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was low (mean ± S.D., 14.2 ± 4.95 ng/ml), as is common in this age group in Japan. Among the parameters of the bone and mineral metabolism measured, none displayed a significant correlation with the fractional absorption of CaCO3 and AAACa. Higher fractional absorption of AAACa compared with CaCO3 supports previous reports on the more beneficial effect of AAACa than CaCO3 for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University. 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ; Tel.: 81-492-843-895; Fax: 81-492-843-895
| | - Takuo Fujita
- Katsuragi Hospital, 250-1 Makamicho, Kishiwada, Osaka 596-0842, Japan; (T.F.)
| | - Hiromi Ishida
- Laboratory of Administrative Dietetics, Kagawa Nutrition University. 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Fujii
- Fujii Clinic, 4-18-1 Tsutsujigaoka, Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0853, Japan;
| | - Mutsumi Ohue
- Katsuragi Hospital, 250-1 Makamicho, Kishiwada, Osaka 596-0842, Japan; (T.F.)
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Midori Hirai
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Mikio Kakumoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Steven A. Abrams
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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Abrams SA. Setting Dietary Reference Intakes with the use of bioavailability data: calcium. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1474S-1477S. [PMID: 20200260 PMCID: PMC2854913 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for calcium, especially in children, has relied in significant part on the evaluation of the relation between calcium intake and calcium absorption and retention. At present, most of these studies are conducted with the use of dual-tracer stable isotope, although mass balance or other isotope methods are still used occasionally. Studies carried out to evaluate DRI values need to be conducted under the most controlled conditions possible. However, the achievement of such conditions can be difficult, especially in studies in small children, because strict, long-term dietary monitoring and sample collections are not well tolerated. Other dietary factors, which include vitamin D status and the presence of enhancers and inhibitors of calcium absorption, may have to be considered. However, for most healthy populations who do not have very low calcium intakes or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, other dietary factors will not be major determinants of the net calcium absorption or retention that will be used for the establishment of DRI values. Ultimately, DRI values must be chosen based on an attempt to achieve some targeted value for calcium absorption/retention or to maximize, within constraints, the overall calcium absorbed and retained. In children, it is important to use data obtained at the age and pubertal status being evaluated rather than to interpolate from data performed in other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abrams SA. Calcium absorption in infants and small children: methods of determination and recent findings. Nutrients 2010; 2:474-80. [PMID: 22254034 PMCID: PMC3257657 DOI: 10.3390/nu2040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining calcium bioavailability is important in establishing dietary calcium requirements. In infants and small children, previously conducted mass balance studies have largely been replaced by stable isotope-based studies. The ability to assess calcium absorption using a relatively short 24-hour urine collection without the need for multiple blood samples or fecal collections is a major advantage to this technique. The results of these studies have demonstrated relatively small differences in calcium absorption efficiency between human milk and currently available cow milk-based infant formulas. In older children with a calcium intake typical of Western diets, calcium absorption is adequate to meet bone mineral accretion requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Heuser A, Eisenhauer A. A pilot study on the use of natural calcium isotope (44Ca/40Ca) fractionation in urine as a proxy for the human body calcium balance. Bone 2010; 46:889-96. [PMID: 20004263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the possibility of using natural calcium (Ca) isotope variations in the urine (delta(44/40)Ca(urine)) as a proxy for the Ca balance in the human body. We chose two test persons extremely different in their health status, gender and age (4-year-old healthy boy and a 60-year-old woman known to suffer from osteoporosis). During a 5 day interval the Ca isotope composition of the individual diet (delta(44/40)Ca(diet)) was monitored for both test persons to be in general agreement to the Ca isotope composition of the normal western European diet ( approximately -1.02+/-0.1 per thousand). However, measurements showed that (1) delta(44/40)Ca(urine) of both test persons are approximately 1.37 and approximately 2.49 per thousand, respectively, heavier than delta(44/40)Ca(diet) and that (2) the delta(44/40)Ca(urine-boy) is approximately 1.1 per thousand heavier when compared to the value of the woman. The individual offset between diet and test persons is interpreted to reflect individual Ca reabsorption rates in the kidneys being the result of Rayleigh type Ca isotope fractionation related to the partitioning of Ca between the glomerular filtrate and filtered residue. The relative difference between delta(44/40)Ca(urine-boy) and delta(44/40)Ca(urine-woman) of approximately 1.1 per thousand may reflect individual differences in the balance of bone mineralization and demineralization processes related to age, gender and health status. By arbitrarily defining an equilibrium value for Delta(44/40)Ca(diet-urine) of -1.93 per thousand being the arithmetic mean of delta(44/40)Ca(urine) for both test persons the measured delta(44/40)Ca(urine) values may be applied to model the individual bone mineralization and demineralization processes in a qualitative way. Note, second order influences of intestinal Ca absorption during sequestration of Ca between intestine and blood have to be subject of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heuser
- Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany.
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Speciation and isotope pattern deconvolution for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry quantitative studies of mineral metabolism and supplementation. PURE APPL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-09-05-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human breast milk can be considered as “ideal” food for the correct development of newborn babies and, for those that are not breast-fed, formula milk has to be used instead. Ideally, the composition of such formula milk preparations should closely resemble that of maternal human milk. Considerable differences between both in the total content of trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Se, Zn, and I and in their chemical form in both milk types have been demonstrated. Speciation analysis in milk whey was carried out first by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) elemental detection and showed that the observed element distribution patterns were very different in the investigated human and formula milks. Using complementary molecular mass techniques (i.e., MALDI-TOF), the identity and chemical characterization of some biomolecules (e.g., protein) with which metals are associated in each fraction was also established (by a typical heteroatom-tagged proteomics protocol). Attempts to assess the nutritional value of elemental supplements in formula milk with the aid of quantitative chemical speciation, using stable isotopes in combination with ICP-MS and isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD), proved to be successful to differentiate and quantify endogenous (natural) and exogenous (supplemented) Se or Fe trace levels. In particular, the application of such ICP-MS based techniques to study Se bioavailability from formula milk and metabolism in Se-supplemented lactating rats is discussed in detail. Quantification of selenospecies of endogenous (natural) and exogenous (supplement) Se in rat’s urine is demonstrated and relevant information on possible Se biotransformations and its final catabolism from such results is discussed.
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Changing the zinc:iron ratio in a cereal-based nutritional supplement has no effect on percent absorption of iron and zinc in Sri Lankan children. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Thriposha programme is a community-level nutrition intervention in Sri Lanka that provides a combination of energy, protein and micronutrients as a ‘ready-to-eat’ cereal-based food. We measured the bioavailability of Fe and Zn from Thriposha formula at two different molar ratios of Zn:Fe in order to determine the effect on Fe and Zn absorption. Children 4–7 years (n 53) were given a meal prepared with 50 g Thriposha containing 1·5 mg Zn as zinc sulphate and either 9 mg (high Fe concentration (HiFe)) or 4·5 mg (low Fe concentration (LoFe)) Fe as ferrous fumarate. Zn and Fe percent absorption were measured using stable isotopes by tracer:tracee ratio and by incorporation of erythrocytes, respectively. Percent Fe absorption from the two meals was similar (6·6 % (4·8) v. 4·8 % (2·6); P = 0·15), but total Fe absorption was significantly higher from the HiFe meal (0·59 (0·43) mg) than the LoFe meal (0·20 (0·12) mg; P = 0·01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in Zn absorption (10·7 % (0·9) v. 8·8 % (1·4), P = 0·13, respectively). Decreasing the amount of Fe in Thriposha did not cause a significant change in the percent absorption of Fe and Zn, but significantly lowered the total amount of absorbed Fe. These results demonstrate the utility of maintaining a higher Fe content in this supplement. Further studies to increase Zn content are warranted while maintaining a HiFe.
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Ceglia L, Abrams SA, Harris SS, Rasmussen HM, Dallal GE, Dawson-Hughes B. A simple single serum method to measure fractional calcium absorption using dual stable isotopes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 118:653-6. [PMID: 19856249 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1234088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dual stable isotope method with a timed 24-h urine collection is the gold standard approach to measure fractional calcium absorption. However, the need to collect urine for 24 h makes this technique time-consuming and laborious. Our study sought to determine whether a dual isotope method using a single serum sample obtained 4 h after administration of the initial isotope provides a useful approach to measure fractional calcium absorption. Following a metabolic diet with a fixed calcium intake of 30 mmol/day for 10 days, nineteen healthy subjects age 54-74 were given a test meal with an oral isotope ((44)Ca) followed 2 h later by an intravenous isotope ((42)Ca). Once the oral isotope was administered, urine was collected for 24 h, and a serum sample was obtained after 4 h. The ratio of the oral to intravenous isotopes was measured in the urine and serum by mass spectroscopy. Fractional calcium absorption was 16.2 ± 7.7% by the 4-h single serum method versus 18.5 ± 7.5% by the 24-h urine method. There was a small mean difference between the urine and serum methods of 2.33% with a confidence interval -3.97 to 8.60%. The two methods showed a strong linear association (r = 0.912, p<0.001). Use of dual stable isotopes with a 4-h single serum method gives fractional calcium absorption values that are 12.5% lower than with the 24-h urine method; however, it rank orders subjects accurately thus making it a useful alternative method in clinical research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ceglia
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Thacher TD, Obadofin MO, O'Brien KO, Abrams SA. The effect of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on intestinal calcium absorption in Nigerian children with rickets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3314-21. [PMID: 19567516 PMCID: PMC2741710 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Children with calcium-deficiency rickets have high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether vitamin D increased calcium absorption. DESIGN This was an experimental study. SETTING The study was conducted at a teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 17 children with nutritional rickets. INTERVENTION The participants were randomized to 1.25 mg oral vitamin D(3) (n = 8) or vitamin D(2) (n = 9). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fractional calcium absorption 3 da after vitamin D administration was measured. RESULTS Mean baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 20 ng/ml (range 5-31 ng/ml). The increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was equivalent after vitamin D(3) (29 +/- 10 ng/ml) or vitamin D(2) (29 +/- 17 ng/ml). Mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values increased from 143 +/- 76 pg/ml to 243 +/- 102 pg/ml (P = 0.001), and the increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not differ between vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) (107 +/- 110 and 91 +/- 102 ng/ml, respectively). The increment in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was explained almost entirely by the baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (r(2) = 0.72; P < 0.001). Mean fractional calcium absorption did not differ before (52.6 +/- 21.4%) or after (53.2 +/- 23.5%) vitamin D, and effects of vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) on calcium absorption were not significantly different. Fractional calcium absorption was not closely related to concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r = 0.01, P = 0.93) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r = 0.21, P = 0.24). The effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption did not vary with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D values or with the absolute increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3), fractional calcium absorption did not increase, indicating that rickets in Nigerian children is not primarily due to vitamin D-deficient calcium malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Lavin SR, Chen Z, Abrams SA. Effect of tannic acid on iron absorption in straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum). Zoo Biol 2009; 29:335-43. [PMID: 19598244 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Lavin
- Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark St., Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Patterson JK, Rutzke MA, Fubini SL, Glahn RP, Welch RM, Lei X, Miller DD. Dietary inulin supplementation does not promote colonic iron absorption in a porcine model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5250-5256. [PMID: 19480386 DOI: 10.1021/jf900698x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics may enhance iron bioavailability by increasing iron absorption in the colon. Anemic pigs fitted with cecal cannulas were fed a low-iron diet with or without 4% inulin. Over 7 days, pigs were administered 1 mg of (54)Fe in the morning feed followed by cannula infusion of 0.5 mg of (58)Fe to measure total and colonic iron absorption, respectively. Whole blood was drawn prior to the initial dosing and 14 days thereafter for hemoglobin concentration and stable isotope ratio analyses. The prebiotic role of inulin was confirmed by increases in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria with reductions in clostridia using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). Total iron absorption was 23.2 +/- 2.7 and 20.7 +/- 3.5% (mean +/- SEM; p > 0.05), while colonic iron absorption was 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.0 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- SEM; p > 0.05) in inulin-fed and control pigs, respectively. These results show that the colon does not make a significant contribution to total iron absorption in iron-deficient pigs and that inulin does not affect iron absorption in the colon.
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Thacher TD, Aliu O, Griffin IJ, Pam SD, O'Brien KO, Imade GE, Abrams SA. Meals and dephytinization affect calcium and zinc absorption in Nigerian children with rickets. J Nutr 2009; 139:926-32. [PMID: 19321589 PMCID: PMC2714392 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional rickets resulting from calcium insufficiency is common in Nigeria and high dietary phytate is thought to inhibit calcium and zinc absorption. We compared the effects of a high-phytate meal and enzymatic dephytinization on calcium and zinc absorption in Nigerian children with and without rickets. Nineteen children with rickets and 15 age-matched control children, aged 2-10 y, were given calcium (600 mg/d) and ergocalciferol (1250 microg/wk). After 6 wk, calcium and zinc absorption were measured in both groups with and without maize porridge using stable isotopes. One week later, absorption measurements were repeated to assess the effects of enzymatic dephytinization and fermentation of the maize porridge. The phytate concentration of maize porridge (3.87 +/- 0.38 g/kg wet weight) was reduced by enzymatic dephytinization (2.83 +/- 0.41 g/kg; P < 0.001) but not by fermentation (3.35 +/- 0.27 g/kg; P = 0.08). Calcium and zinc absorption were unaffected by the presence of rickets or by fermentation of maize porridge. Calcium absorption was greater with a meal (61.3 +/- 25.1%) than without (27.8 +/- 14.6%; P < 0.001). Zinc absorption was lower with a meal (16.2 +/- 8.0%) than without (63.4 +/- 23.9%; P < 0.001). Enzymatic dephytinization increased relative zinc absorption from a meal by 101 +/- 81% (P < 0.001) but did not affect calcium absorption. Rickets was not associated with impaired calcium or zinc absorption. Calcium absorption was enhanced by maize porridge, but zinc absorption was reduced. Enzymatic dephytinization increased zinc absorption. Multiple strategies may be required to optimize calcium and zinc absorption in deficient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
| | - Oluseyi Aliu
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
| | - Ian J. Griffin
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
| | - Sunday D. Pam
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
| | - Kimberly O. O'Brien
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
| | - Godwin E. Imade
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
| | - Steven A. Abrams
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55903; USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 930001; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 930001
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Tako E, Glahn RP, Laparra JM, Welch RM, Lei X, Kelly JD, Rutzke MA, Miller DD. Iron and zinc bioavailabilities to pigs from red and white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are similar. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3134-3140. [PMID: 19368350 DOI: 10.1021/jf803647m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Common beans contain relatively high concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) but are also high in polyphenols and phytates, factors that may inhibit Fe and Zn absorption. In vitro (Caco-2 cells) and in vivo (pigs) models were used to compare Fe and Zn bioavailabilities between red and white beans, which differ in polyphenol content. Bean/maize diets containing 37% of either white or red cooked beans were formulated. Fe uptake by Caco-2 cells was 14-fold higher from the white bean diet compared to the red bean diet. The diets were fed to anemic piglets (n = 10) for 35 days. On experiment days 7 and 21, pigs were given meals containing beans intrinsically labeled with stable isotopes of Fe and Zn ((58)Fe, (70)Zn), followed by intravenous (iv) injections of (54)Fe and (67)Zn, to assess Fe and Zn absorption. Isotope ratios determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in whole blood and plasma samples were used to calculate iron and zinc absorption, respectively. On day 35, animals were killed and duodenal sections were collected for DMT1 gene expression analysis. Fe absorption was 14 and 16% from the first labeled meal and 9 and 10.5% from the second labeled meal for the white and red beans, respectively (P > 0.05). Zn absorption was 28 and 23% from the first meal (P > 0.05) and 31 and 29% from the second meal (P > 0.05) for the white and red beans, respectively. DMT1 gene expression did not differ between treatments. It was concluded that bean color does not affect Fe or Zn bioavailability in vivo and that beans are a good source of bioavailable Fe and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science and Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 15853, USA
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Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) is widely reported. In patients with normal PTH, the diagnosis rests on increases in fractional calcium absorption (FCA) when 25(OH)D increases above 30 ng/ml. However, estimates of increased FCA after correction of VDI vary dramatically, depending on study methods. We used a dual stable calcium isotope to clarify the impact of vitamin D repletion on FCA in postmenopausal women with VDI. We hypothesized that FCA would increase with vitamin D repletion. We studied postmenopausal women with VDI [25(OH)D = 16-24 ng/ml] and an estimated calcium intake <or=1100 mg daily. Exclusion criteria included hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, renal insufficiency, nephrolithiasis, gastrointestinal disorders, osteomalacia, prior adult fragility fracture, baseline T-score < -3.0, and use of medications known to interfere with vitamin D or calcium metabolism. Each woman underwent inpatient FCA studies before and after correction of VDI. We used ergocalciferol 50,000 IU/d for 15 days to achieve vitamin D repletion. During each study, women consumed their typical diet. They ingested (44)Ca orally with breakfast and received (42)Ca intravenously. We collected urine for 24 h and measured its calcium isotope content by mass spectrometry. Eighteen women completed the study; all but two had normal PTH. During the first and second FCA studies, their mean 25(OH)D level was 22 +/- 4 and 64 +/- 21 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.001). Subjects' average FCA was 24 +/- 7% initially and 27 +/- 6% after vitamin D repletion (p = 0.04). Thus, FCA increased by 3 +/- 1% with correction of VDI. Postmenopausal women with VDI experience small FCA increments with vitamin D therapy. In existing literature, this small change in FCA does not associate with lower fracture rates or consistently higher bone mass. Future studies should ascertain whether small FCA increments favorably affect the skeleton.
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Benkhedda K, Chen H, Dabeka R, Cockell K. Isotope ratio measurements of iron in blood samples by multi-collector ICP-MS to support nutritional investigations in humans. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 122:179-92. [PMID: 18188515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-8070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the perspective of embarking on a human study using a double iron (Fe) stable isotope tracer protocol to assess iron bioavailability, investigations were conducted on Fe isotope ratios in blood samples using a VG Axiom Multi-collector ICP-MS. The factors affecting the precision and accuracy of Fe isotopic ratios, such as spectral- and matrix-induced interferences and Fe recoveries from sample preparation, have been identified and optimized. Major polyatomic interferences (e.g., Ar-O, Ar-OH, and FeH) were significantly reduced by using an Aridus nebulizer and desolvating system. Isobaric metal (e.g., (54)Cr(+) on (54)Fe(+) and (58)Ni(+) on (58)Fe(+)) interferences and Ca-oxides and hydroxides were quantitatively removed during chemical purification of blood samples and selective isolation of Fe by anion-exchange resin, after mineralization of the blood samples by microwave digestion. Quantitative recoveries of Fe from different steps of sample preparation were verified using whole blood reference material. Fe isotopic compositions of the samples were corrected for instrumental mass bias by the standard-sample bracketing method using the certified reference standard IRMM-014. External precisions on the order of 0.008-0.05 (% RSD), 0.007-0.015 (% RSD), and 0.03-0.09 (% RSD) were obtained for (54)Fe/(56)Fe, (57)Fe/(56)Fe, and (58)Fe/(56)Fe, respectively, in the blood for three replicate measurements. The level of precision obtained in this work enables the detection of low enrichments of Fe in blood, which is highly desired in nutrition tracer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Benkhedda
- Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2203C Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A0L2, Canada
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Abrams SA. Assessing mineral metabolism in children using stable isotopes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:438-41; discussion 451. [PMID: 18064657 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mineral metabolism may be altered in children with acute or chronic illnesses. The effects may be short term, such as hypomagnesemia associated with chemotherapy, or long-term, such as loss of bone mineral mass after steroid use. Understanding the causes, consequences, and potential therapies for mineral disorders is enhanced by understanding the absorption, body utilization, and turnover of these minerals. These assessments can now be done safely and readily using non-radioactive, stable isotopes which are available for calcium, zinc, magnesium, and iron. The methods for measurement of mineral absorption and kinetics (turnover) are well established, especially for calcium, and have been tested in every age group. Few studies, however, have been performed in children with acute or chronic illnesses such as cancer. Isotope dosing and infusion protocols are minimally invasive and protocols require small blood or urine volumes. Mineral absorption can be assessed without collecting fecal samples. Kinetics are assessed with blood and urine collections, usually over 5-10 days. Increased use of these techniques may be important in medical and nutritional assessment as well as in the management of pediatric oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Abrams
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
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