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Wang Y, Wu G, Xiao F, Yin H, Yu L, Chen Y, Shehzad Q, Xu L, Zhang H, Jin Q, Wang X. Fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and coronary artery disease risk: a case-control study in China. Food Funct 2024; 15:7174-7188. [PMID: 38895817 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims: There is limited and conflicting evidence about the association of erythrocyte fatty acids with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in China where the CAD rates are high. Our study aimed to explore the association between erythrocyte fatty acid composition and CAD risk in Chinese adults. Methods: Erythrocyte fatty acids of 314 CAD patients and 314 matched controls were measured by gas chromatography. Multivariable conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) and potential association between erythrocyte fatty acids and CAD risk. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze further the potential role of various erythrocyte fatty acid patterns in relation to CAD risk. Results: Significant inverse associations were observed between high levels of erythrocyte total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) [ORT3-T1 = 0.18 (0.12, 0.28)], monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) [ORT3-T1 = 0.21 (0.13, 0.32)], and the risk of CAD. Conversely, levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) were positively associated with CAD risk [ORT3-T1 = 3.33 (2.18, 5.13), ORT3-T1 = 1.61 (1.06, 2.43)]. No significant association was observed between CAD risk and total trans fatty acids. Additionally, the PCA identifies four new fatty acid patterns (FAPs). The risk of CAD was significantly positively associated with FAP1 and FAP2, while being negatively correlated with FAP3 and FAP4. Conclusion: The different types of erythrocyte fatty acids may significantly alter susceptibility to CAD. Elevated levels of n-3-PUFAs and MUFAs are considered as protective biomarkers against CAD, while SFAs and n-6 PUFAs may be associated with higher CAD risk in Chinese adults. The risk of CAD was positively associated with FAP1 and FAP2, and negatively associated with FAP3 and FAP4. Combinations of erythrocyte fatty acids may be more important markers of CAD development than individual fatty acids or their subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Hongming Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Le Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Qayyum Shehzad
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lirong Xu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Yao K, Zu HB. The association between plasma trans-fatty acids level and migraine: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 1999-2000. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102624. [PMID: 38865817 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trans-fatty acid (TFA) has been linked to an increased risk of a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and cancer. However, the relationship between plasma TFAs and migraine is little known. The current study aimed to determine the association between plasma TFAs and migraine in a large cross-sectional study among U.S. adults. METHODS The participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included during the period 1999-2000. The plasma concentrations of four major TFAs, including palmitelaidic acid (C16:1n-7t), elaidic acid (C18:1n-9t), vaccenic acid (C18:1n-7t), and linolelaidic acid (C18:2n-6t, 9t) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The presence of migraine headache was determined by self-report questionnaire. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were explored to assess the relationship between plasma TFAs and migraine. Furthermore, stratified analysis and testing of interaction terms were used to evaluate the effect modification by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and BMI. RESULTS A total of 1534 participants were included. The overall weighted prevalence of severe headache or migraine was 21.2 %. After adjusting for all potential covariates, plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid were positively associated with migraine. The adjusted OR values were 1.18 (95 %CI: 1.08-1.29, p=0.014, per 10 units increase) and 1.24 (95 %CI: 1.07-1.44, p=0.024). Then the included participants were divided into 2-quantiles by plasma TFA levels. Compared with participants with lower plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid (Q1 groups), those in the Q2 group had a higher prevalence of migraine when adjusted for all covariates in Model 2. The adjusted OR values were 2.43 (95 %CI: 1.14-5.18, p=0.037) for elaidic acid, and 2.18 (95 %CI: 1.14-4.20, p=0.036) for linolelaidic acid. Results were robust when analyses were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, and BMI, and no effect modification on the association was found. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated a positive association between migraine prevalence and plasma levels of elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid in US adults. These results highlight the connection between circulating TFAs and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 201508.
| | - Heng-Bing Zu
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 201508
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Mei J, Qian M, Hou Y, Liang M, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhang J. Association of saturated fatty acids with cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:32. [PMID: 38291432 PMCID: PMC10826095 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive research has explored the link between saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and cardiovascular diseases, alongside other biological dysfunctions. Yet, their association with cancer risk remains a topic of debate among scholars. The present study aimed to elucidate this association through a robust meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically to identify relevant studies published until December 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the primary metric for evaluating the quality of the included studies. Further, fixed- or random-effects models were adopted to determine the ORs and the associated confidence intervals using the Stata15.1 software. The subsequent subgroup analysis revealed the source of detection and the cancer types, accompanied by sensitivity analyses and publication bias evaluations. RESULTS The meta-analysis incorporated 55 studies, comprising 38 case-control studies and 17 cohort studies. It revealed a significant positive correlation between elevated levels of total SFAs and the cancer risk (OR of 1.294; 95% CI: 1.182-1.416; P-value less than 0.001). Moreover, elevated levels of C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 were implicated in the augmentation of the risk of cancer. However, no statistically significant correlation of the risk of cancer was observed with the elevated levels of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C15:0, C17:0, C20:0, C22:0, and C24:0. Subgroup analysis showed a significant relationship between excessive dietary SFA intake, elevated blood SFA levels, and heightened cancer risk. Increased total SFA levels correlated with higher risks of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers, but not with lung, pancreatic, ovarian, or stomach cancers. CONCLUSION High total SFA levels were correlated with an increased cancer risk, particularly affecting breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Higher levels of specific SFA subtypes (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) are also linked to an increased cancer risk. The findings of the present study would assist in providing dietary recommendations for cancer prevention, thereby contributing to the development of potential strategies for clinical trials in which diet-related interventions would be used in combination with immunotherapy to alter the levels of SFAs in patients and thereby improve the outcomes in cancer patients. Nonetheless, further high-quality studies are warranted to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mei
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Meiyu Qian
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yanting Hou
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Maodi Liang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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Zhang ZL, Ho SC, Shi DD, Zhan XX, Wu QX, Xu L, Zhang CX. Erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA are inversely associated with breast cancer risk among Chinese women. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:103-112. [PMID: 37381894 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA and breast cancer risk is controversial. We aimed to examine the associations of erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA with odds of breast cancer among Chinese women by using a relatively large sample size. A case-control study was conducted including 853 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 892 frequency-matched controls (5-year interval). Erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA were measured by GC. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to quantify the association between erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFA and odds of breast cancer. Erythrocyte membrane α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and total n-3 PUFA were inversely and non-linearly associated with odds of breast cancer. The OR values (95 % CI), comparing the highest with the lowest quartile (Q), were 0·57 (0·43, 0·76), 0·43 (0·32, 0·58) and 0·36 (0·27, 0·49) for ALA, DPA and total n-3 PUFA, respectively. Erythrocyte membrane EPA and DHA were linearly and inversely associated with odds of breast cancer ((EPA: ORQ4 v. Q1 (95 % CI) = 0·59 (0·45, 0·79); DHA: ORQ4 v. Q1 (95 % CI) = 0·50 (0·37, 0·67)). The inverse associations were observed between ALA and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and between DHA and oestrogen receptor+ breast cancer. This study showed that erythrocyte membrane total and individual n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of breast cancer. Other factors, such as menopause and hormone receptor status, may warrant further investigation when examining the association between n-3 PUFA and odds of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzanne C Ho
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Xin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
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Marrugat G, Cano A, Amézaga J, Arranz S, Embade N, Millet Ó, Ferreri C, Tueros I. Effect of age and dietary habits on Red Blood Cell membrane fatty acids in a Southern Europe population (Basque Country). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102602. [PMID: 38147804 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The levels of blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are very variable and, in general, low in most of the world population. In this study, the effects of age, sex, COVID-19, and dietary habits on the lipid profile of the erythrocyte membranes were assessed in a sub-cohort of healthy population (N = 203) from a large cohort of individuals from the Basque Country, Spain, (AKRIBEA). Sex did not have an effect on RBC lipid profile. COVID-19 infected participants showed higher levels of DGLA. Oldest participants showed higher oleic acid, EPA and DHA levels. Arachidonic acid in RBC correlated positively with the intake of sunflower oil, butter, eggs, processed and red meat, whereas DHA and EPA correlated positively with oily and lean fish. Basque Country population showed lipid profiles similar to other high fish consuming countries, such as Italy and Japan. Baseline levels of the whole lipidomic profile of the RBC including SFA, MUFA and PUFA should be examined to obtain a better description of the health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Marrugat
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Ainara Cano
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Javier Amézaga
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Nieves Embade
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Óscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, BRTA, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carla Ferreri
- Instituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, Derio 48160, Spain.
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Wu Q, Shi D, Dong T, Zhang Z, Ou Q, Fang Y, Zhang C. Serum Saturated Fatty Acids including Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Chinese Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081917. [PMID: 37111137 PMCID: PMC10141165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including very long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been clearly established. To investigate the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk in Chinese population, 680 CRC cases and 680 sex and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were recruited in our study. Serum levels of SFAs were detected by gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk. Results showed that total SFAs were positively associated with the risk of CRC (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.47-4.74). However, VLCSFAs were inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.36-0.72). Specifically, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were positively associated with CRC risk, while behenic acid and lignoceric acid were inversely associated with CRC risk. This study indicates that higher levels of total serum SFAs and lower levels of serum VLCSFAs were associated with an increased risk of CRC in Chinese population. To reduce the risk of CRC, we recommend reducing the intake of foods containing palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid such as animal products and dairy products, and moderately increasing the intake of foods containing VLCSFAs such as peanuts and canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Li X, Shi D, Ma T, Zhou R, Zhang C. Association of dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk: Serial mediating roles of erythrocyte n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:990755. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.990755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDietary n– 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk; however, the underlying pathways between them remain uncertain. We aimed to explore serial mediatory roles of erythrocyte n– 3 PUFAs in association between dietary n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk.Materials and methodsUsing a case-control study, 850 cases and 861 controls completed structured questionnaires with dietary information. Erythrocyte n– 3 PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models to examine association between dietary n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. Mediation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to investigate indirect effects.ResultsHigher intake of dietary ALA, long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and total n– 3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer. The adjusted ORtertile 3 v.1 (95% CI) was 0.70 (0.55, 0.90) for ALA, 0.76 (0.60, 0.97) for long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) for total n– 3 PUFAs, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs served as sequential mediators in the relationship between dietary long-chain or total n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. In particular, erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs completely mediated the association between dietary long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.982 (–1.529, –0.508)]. The relationship between dietary total n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk was partly mediated by erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.107 (–0.216, –0.014)], accounting for 19.31%. However, the serial mediation model in dietary ALA and risk of breast cancer was not statistically significant [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.042 (–0.144, 0.049)].ConclusionThis study highlights the complexity and inaccuracy in using a simple analysis of individual dietary n– 3 PUFAs to examine their associations with breast cancer risk without considering the variety of metabolic processes. Interventions aimed at increasing erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs may represent a promising strategy for breast cancer prevention.
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Zhu Y, Vogelpohl FA, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Pranger IG, Minović I, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL, Riphagen IJ. Circulating de novo lipogenesis fatty acids and all-cause mortality in a prospective Dutch population cohort. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:658-666. [PMID: 35909048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating fatty acids (FA) from de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are associated with all-cause mortality in individuals with elevated CVD risk. However, compared to FA early in the DNL synthetic pathway, cis-vaccenic acid, one of the FA distal in the DNL synthetic pathway, has rarely been studied in a general population cohort. We hypothesized that circulating cis-vaccenic acid is more strongly related to all-cause mortality than other circulating DNL-related FA. OBJECTIVES The primary and secondary objectives of this study were to investigate the prospective associations of plasma levels of cis-vaccenic acid and other DNL-related FA with all-cause mortality in a general population, respectively. METHODS We included 850 participants (mean ± SD age 53 ± 15 years) from the Dutch Lifelines cohort study. Circulating levels of palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1n7), cis-vaccenic (cis-C18:1n7), stearic (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9) in plasma phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) were measured by gas chromatography. The associations of circulating cis-C18:1n7 and other DNL-related FA with all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox regression analyses. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.3 (IQR: 5.4-10.8) years, 34 (4.0%) participants had died. In plasma PL, a 1-SD increase in cis-C18:1n7 was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in univariate and multivariate models (p<0.02 for all), with a HR [95% CI] of 1.60 [1.13-2.25] after adjustment for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Circulating plasma PL cis-C18:1n7 was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality. More studies are needed in different cohorts to verify and validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Zhu, Vogelpohl, Pranger, Navis, and Bakker).
| | - Fabian A Vogelpohl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Zhu, Vogelpohl, Pranger, Navis, and Bakker)
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Dr Heiner-Fokkema)
| | - Ilse G Pranger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Zhu, Vogelpohl, Pranger, Navis, and Bakker)
| | - Isidor Minović
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Dr Minović)
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Zhu, Vogelpohl, Pranger, Navis, and Bakker)
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Zhu, Vogelpohl, Pranger, Navis, and Bakker)
| | - Ineke J Riphagen
- Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands (Dr Riphagen)
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Abstract
The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is the central regulator of cell growth and proliferation by integrating growth factor and nutrient availability. Under healthy physiological conditions, this process is tightly coordinated and essential to maintain whole-body homeostasis. Not surprisingly, dysregulated mTOR signaling underpins several diseases with increasing incidence worldwide, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Consequently, there is significant clinical interest in developing therapeutic strategies that effectively target this pathway. The transition of mTOR inhibitors from the bench to bedside, however, has largely been marked with challenges and shortcomings, such as the development of therapy resistance and adverse side effects in patients. In this review, we discuss the current status of first-, second-, and third-generation mTOR inhibitors as a cancer therapy in both preclinical and clinical settings, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms of drug resistance. We focus especially on the emerging role of diet as an important environmental determinant of therapy response, and posit a conceptual framework that links nutrient availability and whole-body metabolic states such as obesity with many of the previously defined processes that drive resistance to mTOR-targeted therapies. Given the role of mTOR as a central integrator of cell metabolism and function, we propose that modulating nutrient inputs through dietary interventions may influence the signaling dynamics of this pathway and compensatory nodes. In doing so, new opportunities for exploiting diet/drug synergies are highlighted that may unlock the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibitors as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Koundouros
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021,USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: Nikos Koundouros, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021 USA.
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021,USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: John Blenis, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021 USA.
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10
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Cárdenas DM, Gómez Rave LJ, Soto JA. Biological Activity of Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) and Potential Uses in Human Health: A Review. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:253-266. [PMID: 34759758 PMCID: PMC8542186 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.03.21.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is an ancestral plant originating in the Amazon jungle that has been adopted as a food source due to its high nutritional value, which has gradually been recognized to have potential benefits for human health. Diverse prospective studies have evaluated the effect of consuming components from the plant, derivatives from its seeds, leaves and shell on preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease, dermatitis and controlling tumor proliferation, especially given its recognized high content of essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds and vitamin E, showing antioxidant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulation and emollient activity, as well as the capacity to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This review offers a complete description of the existing information on the use and biological activity of P. volubilis L., based on its essential lipid components and evidenced on its use in the field of human health, in prevention, therapeutic and nutritional contexts, along with industrial uses, making it a promising bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny M Cárdenas
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación BIOGEN, Avenida 4 calle 10N-61, 540001 Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Lyz Jenny Gómez Rave
- Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Masira Research Institute, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Javier Andrés Soto
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación BIOGEN, Avenida 4 calle 10N-61, 540001 Cúcuta, Colombia
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11
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Agarwala PK, Aneja R, Kapoor S. Lipidomic landscape in cancer: Actionable insights for membrane-based therapy and diagnoses. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:983-1018. [PMID: 34719798 DOI: 10.1002/med.21868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display altered cellular lipid metabolism, including disruption in endogenous lipid synthesis, storage, and exogenous uptake for membrane biogenesis and functions. Altered lipid metabolism and, consequently, lipid composition impacts cellular function by affecting membrane structure and properties, such as fluidity, rigidity, membrane dynamics, and lateral organization. Herein, we provide an overview of lipid membranes and how their properties affect cellular functions. We also detail how the rewiring of lipid metabolism impacts the lipidomic landscape of cancer cell membranes and influences the characteristics of cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss how the altered cancer lipidome provides cues for developing lipid-inspired innovative therapeutic and diagnostic strategies while improving our limited understanding of the role of lipids in cancer initiation and progression. We also present the arcade of membrane characterization techniques to cement their relevance in cancer diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema K Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Depertment of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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12
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Michels N, Specht IO, Heitmann BL, Chajès V, Huybrechts I. Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:758-776. [PMID: 34104953 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Apart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized. OBJECTIVE A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) - including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk - was conducted, with no limitations on population types. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found. DATA ANALYSIS Nineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13-1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08-1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99-1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99-1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight. CONCLUSION Despite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France
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13
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Newell M, Ghosh S, Goruk S, Pakseresht M, Vena JE, Dummer TJB, Field CJ. A Prospective Analysis of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in 2 Provinces in Canada. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab022. [PMID: 33889794 PMCID: PMC8049855 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that fatty acid status influences breast cancer etiology, yet the roles of individual fatty acids in breast cancer risk are unclear, specifically when central adiposity and menopausal status are considered. OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations of fatty acid status with breast cancer risk including location, menopausal status, and waist-to-hip ratio as key variables. METHODS Prediagnostic plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured in women with breast cancer (n = 393) and age-matched controls (n = 786) from a nested case-control prospective study within Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) and British Columbia Generations Project (BCGP) cohorts. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of fatty acids and breast cancer risk with subgroup analysis for menopausal status and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS Women from BCGP had a higher n-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acid status compared with the ATP (6.4% ± 0.08% vs. 5.3% ± 0.06%; P < 0.001), so subsequent analysis was blocked by cohort. Overall, fatty acids had inconsistent associations with risk. In the ATP among premenopausal women, total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.58, 5.43; P-trend = 0.007, P-interaction = 0.07) were positively associated with breast cancer risk, whereas in BCGP, DHA (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.53; P-trend = 0.03, P-interaction = 0.05) and total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.54; P-trend = 0.03) were associated with decreased cancer risk when the waist-to-hip ratio was <0.85. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that regional variations in fatty acid status influence breast cancer risk, resulting in positive associations of total long-chain n-3 fatty acids in premenopausal ATP women and negative associations of these fatty acids in BCGP women with a waist-to-hip ratio below guidelines. This study highlights the complexity and difficulty in using fatty acid status to predict breast cancer risk in diverse populations without the consideration of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mohammedreza Pakseresht
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CancerCare Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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14
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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15
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Serum Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk by Pathological Subtype. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103132. [PMID: 33066483 PMCID: PMC7602197 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates whether serum phospholipids fatty acids (PL-FAs) and markers of their endogenous metabolism are associated with breast cancer (BC) subtypes. EpiGEICAM is a Spanish multicenter matched case-control study. A lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire was completed by 1017 BC cases and healthy women pairs. Serum PL-FA percentages were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional and multinomial logistic regression models were used to quantify the association of PL-FA tertiles with BC risk, overall and by pathological subtype (luminal, HER2+ and triple negative). Stratified analyses by body mass index and menopausal status were also performed. Serum PL-FAs were measured in 795 (78%) pairs. Women with high serum levels of stearic acid (odds ratio (OR)T3vsT1 = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.66), linoleic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.49–0.90) and arachidonic to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (OR T3vsT1 = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.48–0.84) presented lower BC risk. Participants with high concentrations of palmitoleic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.20–2.26), trans-ruminant palmitelaidic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.12–2.02), trans-industrial elaidic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.14–2.03), and high oleic to stearic acid ratio (ORT3vsT1 = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.45–2.87) showed higher risk. These associations were similar in all BC pathological subtypes. Our results emphasize the importance of analyzing fatty acids individually, as well as the desaturase activity indices.
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16
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Ferreri C, Sansone A, Ferreri R, Amézaga J, Tueros I. Fatty Acids and Membrane Lipidomics in Oncology: A Cross-Road of Nutritional, Signaling and Metabolic Pathways. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090345. [PMID: 32854444 PMCID: PMC7570129 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are closely involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism in cancer. Their amount and composition are dependent on dietary supply and tumor microenviroment. Research in this subject highlighted the crucial event of membrane formation, which is regulated by the fatty acids' molecular properties. The growing understanding of the pathways that create the fatty acid pool needed for cell replication is the result of lipidomics studies, also envisaging novel fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid-mediated signaling. Fatty acid-driven mechanisms and biological effects in cancer onset, growth and metastasis have been elucidated, recognizing the importance of polyunsaturated molecules and the balance between omega-6 and omega-3 families. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are biomarkers in several types of cancer, and their characterization in cell membranes and exosomes is under development for diagnostic purposes. Desaturase enzymatic activity with unprecedented de novo polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthesis is considered the recent breakthrough in this scenario. Together with the link between obesity and cancer, fatty acids open interesting perspectives for biomarker discovery and nutritional strategies to control cancer, also in combination with therapies. All these subjects are described using an integrated approach taking into account biochemical, biological and analytical aspects, delineating innovations in cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Ferreri
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Tuscany Reference Centre for Integrated Medicine in the hospital pathway, Pitigliano Hospital, Via Nicola Ciacci, 340, 58017 Pitigliano, Italy;
| | - Javier Amézaga
- AZTI, Food and Health, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.A.); (I.T.)
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food and Health, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (J.A.); (I.T.)
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17
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McGee EE, Kim CH, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Stover DG, Heng YJ, Collins LC, Baker GM, Farvid MS, Schedin P, Jindal S, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk by tumor tissue expression of immuno-inflammatory markers and fatty acid synthase: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:78. [PMID: 32698885 PMCID: PMC7374956 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of fatty acids and breast cancer risk have shown mixed results, which may be due in part to tumor heterogeneity. Prior research has also illustrated an important role of specific fatty acids in immune regulation, T cell function, and inflammation, indicating that the effects of specific fatty acids on breast cancer risk may vary by tumor expression of immuno-inflammatory markers. We therefore aimed to evaluate the relationships between prediagnostic erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk by tumor tissue expression of immuno-inflammatory markers (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD163, COX-2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II (n = 235 cases and 235 controls). Blood samples were collected from 1996 to 1999. Tumor tissue blocks were collected for cases diagnosed after blood collection and through 2006. Unconditional nominal polytomous logistic regression adjusted for matching factors and potential confounders was used to assess whether associations between fatty acids and breast cancer risk varied by tumor expression subtype, ascertained via immunohistochemistry. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated separately by tumor expression subtype using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Associations between fatty acids and breast cancer risk did not vary substantially by tumor CD4, CD20, CD163, or COX-2. However, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were inversely associated with CD8low but not CD8high cancers (CD8low ORT3 vs T1 = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.87, Ptrend = 0.02; CD8high ORT3 vs T1 = 1.19, 95% CI 0.62-2.26, Ptrend = 0.62; Phet = 0.04). n-6 PUFAs were suggestively inversely associated with CD8high but not CD8low cancers (CD8high ORT3 vs T1 = 0.61, 95% CI 0.32-1.14, Ptrend = 0.11; CD8low ORT3 vs T1 = 1.63, 95% CI 0.87-3.04, Ptrend = 0.12; Phet = 0.02). Trans fatty acids were positively associated with FAShigh but not FASlow tumors (FAShigh ORT3 vs T1 = 2.94, 95% CI 1.46-5.91, Ptrend = 0.002; FASlow ORT3 vs T1 = 0.99, 95% CI 0.52-1.92, Ptrend = 0.97; Phet = 0.01). CONCLUSION Results indicate that the effects of n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and trans fatty acids on breast cancer risk may vary by tumor tissue expression subtypes. Findings suggest potential immuno-modulatory and FAS-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E McGee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Claire H Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Center on Methods for Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Altinoz MA, Elmaci İ, Hacimuftuoglu A, Ozpinar A, Hacker E, Ozpinar A. PPARδ and its ligand erucic acid may act anti-tumoral, neuroprotective, and myelin protective in neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and Parkinson's disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100871. [PMID: 32703610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review study, we focus on potential benefits of the transcription factor PPARδ and its ligand erucic acid (EA) in management of neuroectodermal tumors and Parkinson's Disease. PPARδ is a nuclear receptor and transcription factor that induces myelination, promotes oligodendroglial and neuronal differentiation, and possess anti-neuroinflammatory properties. While both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects have been described for PPARδ, we propose that PPARδ may perform a predominantly anticancer role in tumors originating from the neuroectoderm. PPARδ ligand-activation via oleic acid and GW501516, or overexpression of PPARδ, elicits profound antitumor actions in neuroblastoma and melanoma. In glioblastomas, there is evidence indicating a differentiation failure of O2A (oligodendroglial-astrocytic biprogenitor) cells and it has been shown that EA reduced DNA synthesis in C6 rat glioblastoma spheroid cultures in clinically achievable concentrations. EA is a ω9 fatty acid which is being used in the treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy. EA is widely consumed in Asian countries via ingestion of cruciferous vegetables including mustard and rapeseed oil. EA also exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Recent studies of Parkinson's Disease (PD) have implicated demyelination, white matter pathology, oligodendroglial injury, and neural inflammation in the underlying pathophysiology. In the rotenone PD model in rats, PPARδ ligand GW501516 saves dopaminergic neurons during injury induced by chemical toxins and improves behavioral functioning in PD via alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. PPARδ agonists also reduce the NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neural inflammation in the MPTP PD model in mice. Herein, we propose that PPARδ and its ligand EA highly deserve to be studied in animal models of neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlhan Elmaci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Hospital, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Alp Ozpinar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pittsburgh University, United States
| | - Emily Hacker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pittsburgh University, United States
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Yang L, Wang Y, Cai H, Wang S, Shen Y, Ke C. Application of metabolomics in the diagnosis of breast cancer: a systematic review. J Cancer 2020; 11:2540-2551. [PMID: 32201524 PMCID: PMC7066003 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most frequent type of cancer in females worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of BC is still under the cloud, along with the huge challenge of early diagnosis, which is widely acknowledged as the key to a successful therapy. Metabolomics, a newborn innovative technique in recent years, has demonstrated great potential in cancer-related researches. The aim of this review is to look back on clinical and cellular metabolomic studies in the diagnosis of BC over the past decade, and provide a systematic summary of metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to BC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haishan Cai
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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20
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Differential Physiological Responses Elicited by Ancient and Heritage Wheat Cultivars Compared to Modern Ones. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122879. [PMID: 31779167 PMCID: PMC6950659 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ancient, heritage, and modern wheat varieties appear rather similar from a nutritional point of view, having a similar gluten content and a comparable toxicity linked to their undigested gluten peptide, whenever the role of ancient end heritage wheat grains has been investigated in animal studies or in clinical trials, more anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the older wheat varieties. This review provides a critical overview of existing data on the differential physiological responses that could be elicited in the human body by ancient and heritage grains compared to modern ones. The methodology used was that of analyzing the results of relevant studies conducted from 2010 through PubMed search, by using as keywords “ancient or heritage wheat”, “immune wheat” (protein or peptides), and immune gluten (protein or peptides). Our conclusion is that, even if we do not know exactly which molecular mechanisms are involved, ancient and heritage wheat varieties have different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties with respect to modern cultivars. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the health proprieties attributed to older cultivars could be related to wheat components which have positive roles in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and/or permeability.
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Seethaler B, Basrai M, Vetter W, Lehnert K, Engel C, Siniatchkin M, Halle M, Kiechle M, Bischoff SC. Fatty acid profiles in erythrocyte membranes following the Mediterranean diet - data from a multicenter lifestyle intervention study in women with hereditary breast cancer (LIBRE). Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2389-2398. [PMID: 31735538 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence-based concepts to prevent breast cancer in women with BRCA1/2 mutations are limited. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD) has been associated with a lower risk for breast cancer, possibly due to a favorable fatty acid (FA) intake. Here, we studied in an at-risk population the effect of a lifestyle intervention that included the MedD on FA composition in red blood cell membranes (RBCM). METHODS Data derived from the German multicenter trial LIBRE, from which 68 women were randomized into an intervention group (IG) trained for MedD and increased physical activity for 12 months, and a usual care control group (CG). Adherence to the diet was assessed after 3 and 12 months using the validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and a food frequency questionnaire. RBCM FA were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. RESULTS The MEDAS was increased in both groups after 3 months (IG: P < 0.001; CG: P = 0.004), and remained increased only in the IG after 12 months (P < 0.001). The food frequency questionnaire revealed an increased intake of omega-3 (n-3) FA at month 3 and month 12 in the IG (both P < 0.01), but not in the CG, in which intake of energy, protein and saturated FA decreased. In both groups n-6 FA in the RBCM decreased (P < 0.001), while n-9 FA increased (P < 0.001) and n-3 FA were unchanged. Women with higher consumption of fish had higher amounts of n-3 fatty acids in the RBCM. The MEDAS was inversely correlated with n-6 fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The RBCM FA composition was associated with dietetic parameters related to the MedD. Adherence to the MedD resulted in an altered, likely favorable FA composition. Our data suggest selected FA as biomarkers to monitor compliance to a dietetic intervention such as the MedD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference: NCT02087592).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Preusserstr. 1 - 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 6 Technical University Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM) and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCCM), Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Darwito D, Dharmana E, Riwanto I, Budijitno S, Suwardjo S, Purnomo J, Widodo I, Ghozali A, Aryandono T, Anwar SL. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Ki-67 and VEGF Expression Levels and Clinical Outcomes of Locally Advanced
Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant CAF Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Report. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:911-916. [PMID: 30912414 PMCID: PMC6825781 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Omega-3 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid with an ability to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis through interaction with inflammatory mediators. The potential additional beneficial effects of Omega-3 on chemotherapy patients with breast cancer is not yet completely revealed. Methods: A double-blind randomized control trial (RCT) involving a total of 48 locally advanced breast cancer patients was conducted. Ki-67 and VEGF expressions, as well as overall survival of patients receiving neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5’fluorouracyl (CAF) chemotherapy plus Omega-3 (intervention group) or placebo (control group), were compared. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox-regression tests were used to assess conditional disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Results: Decreased Ki-67 expression was observed in the intervention group compared to control (42.4±4.8 versus 39.2±5.3; T-test p=0.032). Decreased Ki-67 expression was observed in intervention compared to control group (42.4±4.8 versus 39.2±5.3; T-test p=0.032). Decreased VEGF expression was also seen in the intervention group compared to control (32.7±5.2 versus 29.5±5.4; T-test p=0.041). VEGF expression positively correlated with Ki-67 expression (Spearman’s test p<0.001, R2=0.541). Overall survival in the intervention group was significantly longer in comparison to the control group (mean survival: 30.9 ± 3.71 versus 25.9 ± 3.6 weeks, Mantel-Cox test p=0.048; HR=0.411, 95%CI: 0.201-0.840). Disease-free survival was significantly longer in the intervention group compared to the control group (mean survival: 28.5 ± 3.3 versus 23.7 ± 3.6, respectively; Mantel-Cox test p=0.044, HR= 0.439, 95%CI: 0.222-0.869). Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improved overall survival and progression-free survival of locally advanced breast cancer treated with CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwito Darwito
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Edi Dharmana
- Graduate School in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ignatius Riwanto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Selamat Budijitno
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Suwardjo Suwardjo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Joko Purnomo
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irianiwati Widodo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Ghozali
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Aryandono
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Islam MA, Amin MN, Siddiqui SA, Hossain MP, Sultana F, Kabir MR. Trans fatty acids and lipid profile: A serious risk factor to cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1643-1647. [PMID: 31336535 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Trans Fatty acids (TFAs) have long been used in food manufacturing due in part to their melting point at room temperature between saturated and unsaturated fats. However, increasing epidemiologic and biochemical evidence suggests that excessive trans fats in the diet are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events as well as a risk factor for cancer and diabetes. A 2% absolute increase in energy intake from trans-fat has been associated with a 23% increase in cardiovascular risk. They increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein which is bad for health. Moreover, several epidemiological studies have been demonstrated that a high intake of TFAs increases the incidence of cancer and diabetes. On the other hand, total elimination of TFAs is not possible in a balanced diet due to their natural presence in dairy and meat products. Many products with almost 0.5 g trans-fat, if consumed over the course of a day, may approximate or exceed the 2 g maximum as recommended by the American Heart Association. The objective of the review to demonstrate the causal association between trans fatty acid intake and increase the risk of coronary heart disease through their influence on lipoprotein, association with atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Parvez Hossain
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ruhul Kabir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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24
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Trozzi C, Raffaelli F, Vignini A, Nanetti L, Gesuita R, Mazzanti L. Evaluation of antioxidative and diabetes-preventive properties of an ancient grain, KAMUT ® khorasan wheat, in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:151-161. [PMID: 29143934 PMCID: PMC6424920 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, there was an increasing interest on the use of ancient grains because of their better health-related composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate in healthy human subjects the antioxidative and diabetes-preventive properties of ancient KAMUT® khorasan wheat compared to modern wheat. METHODS The study was a randomized, non-blind, parallel arm study where the biochemical parameters of volunteers with a diet based on organic whole grain KAMUT® khorasan products, as the only source of cereal products were compared to a similar replacement diet based on organic whole grain modern durum wheat products. A total of 30 healthy volunteers were recruited and the intervention period lasted 16 weeks. Blood analyses were performed before and after the diet intervention. The effect of KAMUT® khorasan products on biochemical parameters was analyzed by multiple quantile regression adjusted for age, sex, physical activity and BMI compared to data at baseline. RESULTS Subjects receiving KAMUT® khorasan products showed a significantly greater decrease of fat mass (b = 3.7%; CI 1.6-5.5; p = 0.042), insulin (b = 2.4 µU/ml; CI 0.2-4.2; p = 0.036) and a significant increase of DHA (b = - 0.52%; CI - 1.1 to - 0.12; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that a substitution diet with KAMUT® khorasan wheat products can reduce some markers associated to the development of type-2 diabetes compared to a diet of modern wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Raffaelli
- Biomedfood srl, Spinoff Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri n.65, 60128, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Arianna Vignini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Nanetti
- Biomedfood srl, Spinoff Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri n.65, 60128, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Epidemiologia, Biostatistica e Informatica medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzanti
- Biomedfood srl, Spinoff Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri n.65, 60128, Ancona, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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25
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Altinoz MA, Bilir A, Elmaci İ. Erucic acid, a component of Lorenzo's oil and PPAR-δ ligand modifies C6 glioma growth and toxicity of doxorubicin. Experimental data and a comprehensive literature analysis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Deng J, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Liu D, Fan D, Yang H. Comparative study on composition, physicochemical and antioxidant characteristics of different varieties of kiwifruit seed oil in China. Food Chem 2018; 264:411-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Yang B, Ren XL, Wang ZY, Wang L, Zhao F, Guo XJ, Li D. Biomarker of long-chain n-3 fatty acid intake and breast cancer: Accumulative evidence from an updated meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3152-3164. [PMID: 29902077 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1485133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to summarize the up-to-date epidemiology evidence on biomarkers of long-chain (LC) n-3 fatty acid (FA) intake in relation to breast cancer (BC).Methods: Epidemiology studies determining FA levels in biospecimen (circulating blood or adipose tissue (AT)) were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until March 2018. Multivariate-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effect model. Difference in biospecimen proportions of LC n-3 FA between BC cases and non-cases were analyzed as a standardized mean difference (SMD).Results: Thirteen cohort and eleven case-control studies were eligible for the present meta-analysis. The estimated SMD was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.27, -0.11) for LC n-3 FA and -0.27 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.11) for LC n-3/n-6 FA ratio. When comparing the top tertiles with the bottom baseline levels, circulating LC n-3 FA was significantly associated with a lower risk of BC (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.96), but not AT (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.48). Significant inverse dose-response associations were observed for each 1% increment of circulating 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3.Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlights that circulating LC n-3 FA as a biomarker of intake may be an independent predictive factor for BC, especially 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao L Ren
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi Y Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao J Guo
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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28
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Mansouri V, Javanmard SH, Mahdavi M, Tajedini MH. Association of Polymorphism in Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Iranian Population. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:98. [PMID: 30050886 PMCID: PMC6036782 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_131_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The type 2 diabetes is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Due to a key role in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, one of the most important precursors of immunity mediators, fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes could have an important impact in the development of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to determine the relationship between polymorphisms rs174537 in FADS1 gene and rs174575 in FADS2 gene with type 2 diabetes in Iranian population. After extracting genomic DNA, the locations of mutations and allele types were identified with high-resolution melting (HRM)-polymerase chain reaction method. Then, association between these mutations with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes was investigated using χ2 correlation coefficients for variables and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that among 50 diabetic participants, 68% of patients have the mutant allele for rs174537 in FADS1 gene. This rate is 26% for rs174575 in FADS2 gene. Based on the results, it seems that participants having rs174537 mutant allele are more prone to become diabetic but it has a beneficial effect on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and participants having rs174575 mutant are less prone to become diabetic, and also, it leads to higher triglycerides and body mass index (obesity). Conclusions: Detecting FADS1 and FADS2, gene polymorphisms using HRM can be an anticipating tool for making decision on initiating lifestyle modifications to prevent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Department of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Manijeh Mahdavi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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29
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Rahrovani F, Javanbakht MH, Ghaedi E, Mohammadi H, Ehsani AH, Esrafili A, Djalali M. Erythrocyte Membrane Unsaturated (Mono and Poly) Fatty Acids Profile in Newly Diagnosed Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Clin Nutr Res 2018; 7:21-30. [PMID: 29423386 PMCID: PMC5796920 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2018.7.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported different changes in the fatty acid composition of red blood cell (RBC) total lipids in patients with various types of cancer. It has been indicated that n-3/n-6 ratio plays a key role in the general consequence of skin photocarcinogenesis. However, to our knowledge there was no study examining the unsaturated fatty acid profile in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients. So, we explore the fatty acid composition of RBCs in newly diagnosed BCC patients in a hospital-based case-control study. This study has been conducted on new case BCC patients in Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Fatty acid concentration in erythrocyte membranes defined as relative values after extraction, purification and preparation, by gas chromatography.Analysis revealed that heptadecenoic acid (p = 0.010) and oleic acid (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in BCC patients in comparison with control group. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly higher in BCC patients (p < 0.001). It has been indicated that n-3 was significantly lower (p = 0.040) and n-6 was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in BCC patients. In addition, total PUFA (p < 0.001) and n-6 PUFAs/n-3 PUFAs (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in BCC patients compared to the control group. Here we indicated that new case BCC patient had significantly higher n-6 PUFA and lower n-3 along with other differences in unsaturated fatty acid in comparison with healthy subjects. Our study provides evidence that lipids are important in BCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahrovani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran.,Cancer, Environmental and Petroleum Pollutant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Amir-Hooshang Ehsani
- Department of Dermatology, Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6447, Iran
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30
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Rahrovani F, Javanbakht MH, Ehsani AH, Esrafili A, Mohammadi H, Ghaedi E, Zarei M, Djalali M. Erythrocyte membrane saturated fatty acids profile in newly diagnosed Basal Cell Carcinoma patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 23:107-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Hirko KA, Chai B, Spiegelman D, Campos H, Farvid MS, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Eliassen AH. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis in the nurses' health study II. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1116-1129. [PMID: 29071721 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of specific fatty acids in breast cancer etiology are unclear, particularly among premenopausal women. We examined 34 individual fatty acids, measured in blood erythrocytes collected between 1996 and 1999, and breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study of primarily premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and before June 2010 (n = 794) were matched to controls and conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR's (95% CI's) for associations of fatty acids with breast cancer; unconditional logistic regression was used for stratified analyses. Fatty acids were not significantly associated with breast cancer risk overall; however, heterogeneity by body mass index (BMI) was observed. Among overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 25), several odd-chain saturated (SFA, e.g. 17:0, ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =1.85 (1.18-2.88), ptrend =0.006 pint <0.001), trans (TFA, e.g. 18:1, ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =2.33 (1.45-3.77), ptrend <0.001, pint =0.007) and dairy-derived fatty acids (SFA 15:0 + 17:0 + TFA 16:1n-7t; ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =1.83(1.16-2.89), ptrend =0.005, pint <0.001) were positively associated, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA, e.g. alpha-linolenic acid; ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =0.57 (0.36-0.89), ptrend =0.017, pint =0.03) were inversely associated with breast cancer. Total SFA were inversely associated with breast cancer among women with BMI < 25 (ORQ4vsQ1 (95% CI) =0.68 (0.46-0.98), ptrend =0.05, pint =0.01). Thus, while specific fatty acids were not associated with breast cancer overall, our findings suggest positive associations of several SFA, TFA and dairy-derived fatty acids and inverse associations of n-3 PUFA with breast cancer among overweight/obese women. Given these fatty acids are influenced by diet, and therefore are potentially modifiable, further investigation of these associations among overweight/obese women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Boyang Chai
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Nutrición Translacional y Salud, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Bannikoppa P, Dhayanand J, Madhukumar R, Padmanabhan A, Bafna U, Vijayakumar M, Uma Devi K, Pramod K, Thomas T, Jayshree R, Kurpad A, Mani I. Fatty acid intake and erythrocyte fatty acid profile in women with breast, ovarian and cervical cancers. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Limbkar K, Dhenge A, Jadhav DD, Thulasiram HV, Kale V, Limaye L. Oral feeding with polyunsaturated fatty acids fosters hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in healthy and bone marrow-transplanted mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:94-105. [PMID: 28570944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells play the vital role of maintaining appropriate levels of cells in blood. Therefore, regulation of their fate is essential for their effective therapeutic use. Here we report the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in regulating hematopoiesis which has not been explored well so far. Mice were fed daily for 10 days with n-6/n-3 PUFAs, viz. linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in four separate test groups with phosphate-buffered saline fed mice as control set. The bone marrow cells of PUFA-fed mice showed a significantly higher hematopoiesis as assessed using side population, Lin-Sca-1+ckit+, colony-forming unit (CFU), long-term culture, CFU-spleen assay and engraftment potential as compared to the control set. Thrombopoiesis was also stimulated in PUFA-fed mice. A combination of DHA and AA was found to be more effective than when either was fed individually. Higher incorporation of PUFAs as well as products of their metabolism was observed in the bone marrow cells of PUFA-fed mice. A stimulation of the Wnt, CXCR4 and Notch1 pathways was observed in PUFA-fed mice. The clinical relevance of this study was evident when bone marrow-transplanted recipient mice, which were fed with PUFAs, showed higher engraftment of donor cells, suggesting that the bone marrow microenvironment may also be stimulated by feeding with PUFAs. These data indicate that oral administration of PUFAs in mice stimulates hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis and could serve as a valuable supplemental therapy in situations of hematopoietic failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dietary Supplements/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/adverse effects
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Graft Survival
- Hematinics/therapeutic use
- Hematopoiesis
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptor, Notch1/agonists
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/agonists
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Thrombopoiesis
- Transplantation Conditioning/adverse effects
- Up-Regulation
- Wnt Proteins/agonists
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Limbkar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ankita Dhenge
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Dipesh D Jadhav
- Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Hirekodathakallu V Thulasiram
- Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India
| | - Lalita Limaye
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
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Wu Y, Yu X, Yi X, Wu K, Dwabe S, Atefi M, Elshimali Y, Kemp KT, Bhat K, Haro J, Sarkissyan M, Vadgama JV. Aberrant Phosphorylation of SMAD4 Thr277-Mediated USP9x-SMAD4 Interaction by Free Fatty Acids Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1383-1394. [PMID: 28115363 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of distant metastatic recurrence and reduces breast cancer survival. However, the mechanisms behind this pathology and identification of relevant therapeutic targets are poorly defined. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) levels are elevated in obese individuals. Here we report that TGFβ transiently activates ERK and subsequently phosphorylates SMAD4 at Thr277, which facilitates a SMAD4-USP9x interaction, SMAD4 nuclear retention, and stimulates TGFβ/SMAD3-mediated transcription of Twist and Snail. USP9x inhibited the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TIF1γ from binding and monoubiquitinating SMAD4, hence maintaining the SMAD4 nuclear retention. FFA further facilitated TGFβ-induced ERK activation, SMAD4 phosphorylation, and nuclear retention, promoting TGFβ-dependent cancer progression. Inhibition of ERK and USP9x suppressed obesity-induced metastasis. In addition, clinical data indicated that phospho-ERK and -SMAD4 levels correlate with activated TGFβ signaling and metastasis in overweight/obese patient breast cancer specimens. Altogether, we demonstrate the vital interaction of USP9x and SMAD4 for governing TGFβ signaling and dyslipidemia-induced aberrant TGFβ activation during breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1383-94. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California. .,David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California.,Center for Animal Experiment/ABSL-3 Laboratory, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Sami Dwabe
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohammad Atefi
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin T Kemp
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kruttika Bhat
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse Haro
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marianna Sarkissyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California. .,David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Frigolet ME, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:173S-181S. [PMID: 28096141 PMCID: PMC5227969 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (palmitoleic acid) is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissues, particularly adipose tissue and liver. Its endogenous production by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gives rise to its cis isoform, cis-palmitoleate. Although trans-palmitoleate is also synthesized in humans, it is mainly found as an exogenous source in ruminant fat and dairy products. Recently, palmitoleate was considered to be a lipokine based on evidence demonstrating its release from adipose tissue and its metabolic effects on distant organs. After this finding, research has been performed to determine whether palmitoleate has beneficial effects on metabolism and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the current status of knowledge about palmitoleate, its metabolism, and its influence on metabolic abnormalities. Results have shown mixed cardiovascular effects, direct or inverse correlations with obesity, and hepatosteatosis, but a significant amelioration or prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes. Finally, the induction of palmitoleate release from adipose tissue, dietary intake, and its supplementation are all interventions with a potential impact on certain metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Frigolet
- Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abdelmagid SA, MacKinnon JL, Janssen SM, Ma DWL. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:71-84. [PMID: 27812288 PMCID: PMC5089819 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s39043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L MacKinnon
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Janssen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Gomes MA, Jia X, Kolenski I, Duncan AM, Meckling KA. The role of background diet on the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in healthy pre-menopausal women: a randomized, cross-over, controlled study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:168. [PMID: 27687127 PMCID: PMC5043588 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The links between dietary fat intake, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and breast cancer risk remain equivocal, with some studies pointing to improvements in risk upon omega-3 supplementation. However, the background diet is poorly controlled in most studies, potentially confounding this link. Therefore, this study examined the hypothesis that in order to see the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, the background diet must be low in fat. Methods Of the 56 healthy, pre-menopausal women randomized to one of two experimental arms, consisting of a two-treatment, randomized, cross-over design, 41 completed the 10 month intervention. The two diet phases (habitual and low-fat) were separated by a washout phase, each lasting 3 menstrual cycles. During each diet phase, women were supplemented with 1.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid per day. Results Red blood cell fatty acid composition indicated that more eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was incorporated in the low-fat diet than the habitual diet, though both diet phases resulted in significant increases in the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio. In the context of omega-3 supplementation in breast cancer risk reduction, we also measured fatty acid incorporation into nipple aspirate fluid. Similar changes to red blood cells were noted in nipple aspirate fluid, with higher incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid in the low-fat diet phase. Conclusions These data suggest that the total level of dietary fat has some direct impact on fatty acid partitioning in addition to the recognized importance of fatty acid ratios, and supports the hypothesis that dietary fat intake must be considered a confounder in supplementation trials. Additionally, we demonstrate that n3 supplementation both reaches and imparts improvements in lipid content and n3:n6 at the target breast tissue. Trial registration Trial was been retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (RegNCT02816125).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Arnold Gomes
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Iris Kolenski
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelly A Meckling
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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38
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Stark KD, Van Elswyk ME, Higgins MR, Weatherford CA, Salem N. Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:132-52. [PMID: 27216485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies reporting blood levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were systematically identified in order to create a global map identifying countries and regions with different blood levels. Included studies were those of healthy adults, published in 1980 or later. A total of 298 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies reported fatty acids in various blood fractions including plasma total lipids (33%), plasma phospholipid (32%), erythrocytes (32%) and whole blood (3.0%). Fatty acid data from each blood fraction were converted to relative weight percentages (wt.%) and then assigned to one of four discrete ranges (high, moderate, low, very low) corresponding to wt.% EPA+DHA in erythrocyte equivalents. Regions with high EPA+DHA blood levels (>8%) included the Sea of Japan, Scandinavia, and areas with indigenous populations or populations not fully adapted to Westernized food habits. Very low blood levels (≤4%) were observed in North America, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The present review reveals considerable variability in blood levels of EPA+DHA and the very low to low range of blood EPA+DHA for most of the world may increase global risk for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mary E Van Elswyk
- Scientific Affairs, Van Elswyk Consulting, Inc., 10350 Macedonia St., Longmont, CO 80503, USA.
| | - M Roberta Higgins
- MEDetect Clinical Information Associates, Inc., PO Box 152, Skippack, PA 19474, USA.
| | | | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
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Hu Y, Li H, Lu L, Manichaikul A, Zhu J, Chen YDI, Sun L, Liang S, Siscovick DS, Steffen LM, Tsai MY, Rich SS, Lemaitre RN, Lin X. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify novel loci associated with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in Chinese and European-ancestry populations. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1215-24. [PMID: 26744325 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that levels of n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with risk of cardio-metabolic outcomes across different ethnic groups. Recent genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry have identified several loci associated with plasma and/or erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids. To identify additional novel loci, we carried out a genome-wide association study in two population-based cohorts consisting of 3521 Chinese participants, followed by a trans-ethnic meta-analysis with meta-analysis results from 8962 participants of European ancestry. Four novel loci (MYB, AGPAT4, DGAT2 and PPT2) reached genome-wide significance in the trans-ethnic meta-analysis (log10(Bayes Factor) ≥ 6). Of them, associations of MYB and AGPAT4 with docosatetraenoic acid (log10(Bayes Factor) = 11.5 and 8.69, respectively) also reached genome-wide significance in the Chinese-specific genome-wide association analyses (P = 4.15 × 10(-14) and 4.30 × 10(-12), respectively), while associations of DGAT2 with gamma-linolenic acid (log10(Bayes Factor) = 6.16) and of PPT2 with docosapentaenoic acid (log10(Bayes Factor) = 6.24) were nominally significant in both Chinese- and European-specific genome-wide association analyses (P ≤ 0.003). We also confirmed previously reported loci including FADS1, NTAN1, NRBF2, ELOVL2 and GCKR. Different effect sizes in FADS1 and independent association signals in ELOVL2 were observed. These results provide novel insight into the genetic background of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their differences between Chinese and European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics Section, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA and
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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Krogager TP, Nielsen LV, Kahveci D, Dyrlund TF, Scavenius C, Sanggaard KW, Enghild JJ. Hepatocytes respond differently to major dietary trans fatty acid isomers, elaidic acid and trans-vaccenic acid. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:31. [PMID: 26628894 PMCID: PMC4665887 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been discussed if the adverse health effect associated with the ingestion of trans fatty acids correlates with the food source, as the composition of the isomers varies in different foods. We have investigated the hepatocellular responses to the predominant trans fatty acid isomers in industrially produced partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (elaidic acid) and products of ruminant origin (trans-vaccenic acid). RESULTS The responses of HepG2-SF cells exposed to 100 μM fatty acids during 7 days were examined. Elaidic acid decreased the cellular proliferation rate while trans-vaccenic acid had no effect. Analysis of cellular triacylglycerol fractions showed, that both trans fatty acids were metabolized by HepG2-SF cells, although elaidic acid, to a higher degree than trans-vaccenic, accumulated in the triacylglycerol fraction. Proteome analysis revealed that the overlap of differentially regulated proteins only contained four proteins, suggesting that the two trans fatty acid isomers affect the cells in different ways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000760. CONCLUSIONS Our investigations revealed that the hepatocellular response to the two most abundant dietary positional C18:1 trans fatty acid isomers differ substantially. In addition, the results suggest that trans-vaccenic acid does not affect cholesterol metabolism adversely compared to elaidic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke P Krogager
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lone Vendel Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Derya Kahveci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas F Dyrlund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian W Sanggaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Biological and Nutritional Properties of Palm Oil and Palmitic Acid: Effects on Health. Molecules 2015; 20:17339-61. [PMID: 26393565 PMCID: PMC6331788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the close association between nutrition and human health. Fat is an essential macronutrient, and vegetable oils, such as palm oil, are widely used in the food industry and highly represented in the human diet. Palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, is the principal constituent of refined palm oil. In the last few decades, controversial studies have reported potential unhealthy effects of palm oil due to the high palmitic acid content. In this review we provide a concise and comprehensive update on the functional role of palm oil and palmitic acid in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The atherogenic potential of palmitic acid and its stereospecific position in triacylglycerols are also discussed.
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42
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Wiggins AKA, Kharotia S, Mason JK, Thompson LU. α-Linolenic Acid Reduces Growth of Both Triple Negative and Luminal Breast Cancer Cells in High and Low Estrogen Environments. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1001-9. [PMID: 26134471 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1053496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed, rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), is a complementary breast cancer (BC) therapy; however ALA effectiveness and mechanism are unclear. Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness. This research determined the effect of ALA on growth, apoptosis, and phospholipid fatty acids of 4 BC cell lines with varying receptor expression ± E2. MCF-7 (ER+/PR+/HER2-), BT-474 (ER+/PR+/HER2+), MDA-MB-231 (ER-/PR-/HER2-) and MDA-MB-468 (ER-/PR-/HER2-) cells were incubated with ALA (50-200 μM) ± 1 nM E2 for 48-72 h. ALA dose-dependently reduced growth, measured by trypan blue exclusion, of all cells (55-80% with 75 μM), and this effect was not altered by E2. ALA (75 μM)+E2 induced apoptosis, measured by flow cytometry (up to 111.2%). Decreased growth and increased apoptosis is related to increased cell phospholipid % ALA (up to 25.1%), measured by gas chromatography. ALA is shown for the first time to reduce cell growth and induce apoptosis regardless of receptor expression and E2 environment, by incorporating into BC phospholipids, supporting the use of ALA and ALA-rich foods as a safe, inexpensive complementary therapy for a wide range of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh K A Wiggins
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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43
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Abstract
Women with evidence of high intake ratios of the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid have been found to have a reduced risk of breast cancer compared with those with low ratios in some but not all case–control and cohort studies. If increasing EPA and DHA relative to arachidonic acid is effective in reducing breast cancer risk, likely mechanisms include reduction in proinflammatory lipid derivatives, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-induced cytokine production, and decreased growth factor receptor signaling as a result of alteration in membrane lipid rafts. Primary prevention trials with either risk biomarkers or cancer incidence as endpoints are underway but final results of these trials are currently unavailable. EPA and DHA supplementation is also being explored in an effort to help prevent or alleviate common problems after a breast cancer diagnosis, including cardiac and cognitive dysfunction and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The insulin-sensitizing and anabolic properties of EPA and DHA also suggest supplementation studies to determine whether these omega-3 fatty acids might reduce chemotherapy-associated loss of muscle mass and weight gain. We will briefly review relevant omega-3 fatty acid metabolism, and early investigations in breast cancer prevention and survivorship.
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Hidaka BH, Li S, Harvey KE, Carlson SE, Sullivan DK, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Fabian CJ. Omega-3 and omega-6 Fatty acids in blood and breast tissue of high-risk women and association with atypical cytomorphology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:359-64. [PMID: 25712053 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids, especially the long-chain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. We measured the association between cytologic atypia, a biomarker for short-term risk of breast cancer development, and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and levels in blood and breast tissue. Blood and benign breast tissue, sampled by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA), was obtained from 70 women at elevated risk for breast cancer. Self-reported dietary intake was assessed by the NCI's Food Frequency Questionnaire. The fatty acid composition of five lipid compartments, red blood cell, plasma and breast phospholipids, and plasma and breast triaclyglycerides (TAG), was analyzed by gas chromatography as weight percent. Median daily intakes of EPA+DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids were 80 mg and 1.1 g, respectively. The median total omega-3:6 intake ratio was 1:10. Compared with women without atypia, those with cytologic atypia had lower total omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell and plasma phospholipids and lower omega-3:6 ratios in plasma TAGs and breast TAGs (P < 0.05). The EPA+DHA:AA ratio in plasma TAGs was also lower among women with atypia. This is the first report of associations between tissue levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and a reversible tissue biomarker of breast cancer risk. RPFNA cytomorphology could serve as a surrogate endpoint for breast cancer prevention trials of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hidaka
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shengqi Li
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Katherine E Harvey
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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Alpha-linolenic acid: an omega-3 fatty acid with neuroprotective properties-ready for use in the stroke clinic? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:519830. [PMID: 25789320 PMCID: PMC4350958 DOI: 10.1155/2015/519830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is plant-based essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained through the diet. This could explain in part why the severe deficiency in omega-3 intake pointed by numerous epidemiologic studies may increase the brain's vulnerability representing an important risk factor in the development and/or deterioration of certain cardio- and neuropathologies. The roles of ALA in neurological disorders remain unclear, especially in stroke that is a leading cause of death. We and others have identified ALA as a potential nutraceutical to protect the brain from stroke, characterized by its pleiotropic effects in neuroprotection, vasodilation of brain arteries, and neuroplasticity. This review highlights how chronic administration of ALA protects against rodent models of hypoxic-ischemic injury and exerts an anti-depressant-like activity, effects that likely involve multiple mechanisms in brain, and may be applied in stroke prevention. One major effect may be through an increase in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a widely expressed protein in brain that plays critical roles in neuronal maintenance, and learning and memory. Understanding the precise roles of ALA in neurological disorders will provide the underpinnings for the development of new therapies for patients and families who could be devastated by these disorders.
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von Schacky C. Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease--an uphill battle. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:41-7. [PMID: 24935800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cardiology, results of recent large intervention trials with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements were neutral. In contrast, in epidemiologic studies, an inverse relation between clinical events and intake of EPA+DHA was found which was steeper for higher levels of EPA+DHA. A standardized way of determining levels is the Omega-3 Index, which is the percentage of EPA+DHA of a total of 26 fatty acids measured in erythrocytes. According to current criteria, a low Omega-3 Index is a cardiovascular risk factor. What can explain this contradiction? Trial participants were recruited irrespective of their baseline status in EPA+DHA - an important predictor of events. Levels of EPA+DHA have a statistically normal distribution; together with the large inter-individual variability of levels' responding to increased intake, this created a large overlap of EPA+DHA levels between intervention and control groups. Moreover, trial participants were advised to take EPA+DHA supplements with breakfast, frequently a low fat meal, resulting in poor bioavailability. As a result, there is an urgent need for new intervention trials in cardiology, for which participants with a low baseline omega-3 index are recruited, and then treated with individually tailored doses of EPA+DHA to a prespecified target range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens von Schacky
- Medizinische Klinik I, Department Preventive Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany; Omegametrix, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany(1).
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Huang JH, Fu L, Li B, Xie HL, Zhang X, Chen Y, Qin Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Huang H, Liao D, Wang W. Distinguishing the serum metabolite profiles differences in breast cancer by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and random forest method. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a metabolomics strategy to distinguish different metabolic characters of healthy controls, breast benign (BE) patients, and breast malignant (BC) patients by using the GC-MS and random forest method (RF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Liang Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Lin Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiao Chen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory
- Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Changsha, P. R. China
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Liu J, Ma DWL. The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:5184-223. [PMID: 25412153 PMCID: PMC4245586 DOI: 10.3390/nu6115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Dietary fatty acids, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are believed to play a role in reducing BC risk. Evidence has shown that fish consumption or intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial for inhibiting mammary carcinogenesis. The evidence regarding α-linolenic acid (ALA), however, remains equivocal. It is essential to clarify the relation between ALA and cancer since ALA is the principal source of n-3 PUFA in the Western diet and the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is not efficient in humans. In addition, the specific anticancer roles of individual n-3 PUFA, alone, have not yet been identified. Therefore, the present review evaluates ALA, EPA and DHA consumed individually as well as in n-3 PUFA mixtures. Also, their role in the prevention of BC and potential anticancer mechanisms of action are examined. Overall, this review suggests that each n-3 PUFA has promising anticancer effects and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Liu
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Cífková E, Holčapek M, Lísa M, Vrána D, Gatěk J, Melichar B. Determination of lipidomic differences between human breast cancer and surrounding normal tissues using HILIC-HPLC/ESI-MS and multivariate data analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:991-1002. [PMID: 25352274 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive approach for the lipidomic characterization of human breast cancer and surrounding normal tissues is based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) quantitation of polar lipid classes of total lipid extracts followed by multivariate data analysis using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least square (OPLS). This analytical methodology is applied for the detailed lipidomic characterization of ten patients with the goal to find the statistically relevant differences between tumor and normal tissues. This strategy is selected for better visualization of differences, because the breast cancer tissue is compared with the surrounding healthy tissue of the same patient, therefore changes in the lipidome are caused predominantly by the tumor growth. A large increase of total concentrations for several lipid classes is observed, including phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Concentrations of individual lipid species inside the abovementioned classes are also changed, and in some cases, these differences are statistically significant. PCA and OPLS analyses enable a clear differentiation of tumor and normal tissues based on changes of their lipidome. A notable decrease of relative abundances of ether and vinylether (plasmalogen) lipid species is detected for phosphatidylethanolamines, but no difference is apparent for phosphatidylcholines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cífková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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50
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Schmidt JA, Gorst-Rasmussen A, Nyström PW, Christensen JH, Schmidt EB, Dethlefsen C, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Dahm CC. Baseline patterns of adipose tissue fatty acids and long-term risk of breast cancer: a case-cohort study in the Danish cohort Diet, Cancer and Health. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1088-94. [PMID: 24642780 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The evidence regarding fatty acids and breast cancer risk is inconclusive. Adipose tissue fatty acids can be used as biomarkers of fatty acid intake and of endogenous fatty acid exposure. Fatty acids in adipose tissue are correlated owing to common dietary sources and shared metabolic pathways, which group fatty acids into naturally occurring patterns. We aimed to prospectively investigate associations between adipose tissue fatty acid patterns and long-term risk of total breast cancer and breast cancer subtypes characterised by oestrogen and progesterone receptor status (ER and PR). SUBJECTS/METHODS This case-cohort study was based on data from the Danish cohort Diet, Cancer and Health. At baseline, a fat biopsy and information on lifestyle and reproductive factors were collected. From the 31 original fatty acids measured, patterns of fatty acids were identified using the treelet transform. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 474 breast cancer cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of risk of total breast cancer and of subtypes according to quintiles of factor score were determined by weighted Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, factor scores for the seven patterns identified by the treelet transform were not associated with risk of total breast cancer, nor with risk of ER+, ER-, PR+ or PR- tumours. CONCLUSIONS No clear associations between the patterns of fatty acids at baseline and long-term risk of total breast cancer or ER+, ER-, PR+ or PR- tumours were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schmidt
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Gorst-Rasmussen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P W Nyström
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J H Christensen
- Department of Nephrology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C Dethlefsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Overvad
- 1] Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark [2] Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C C Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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