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Abstract
Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B6, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies. There are adverse health consequences of low and deficient riboflavin status throughout the life cycle, including anemia and hypertension, that could contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This review considers the available evidence on causes, detection, and consequences of riboflavin deficiency, ranging from clinical deficiency signs to manifestations associated with less severe deficiency, and the related research, public health, and policy priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene McNulty
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland;
| | - Kristina Pentieva
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland;
| | - Mary Ward
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland;
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Chungchunlam SMS, Moughan PJ. Comparative bioavailability of vitamins in human foods sourced from animals and plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-36. [PMID: 37522617 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2241541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential components of enzyme systems involved in normal growth and function. The quantitative estimation of the proportion of dietary vitamins, that is in a form available for utilization by the human body, is limited and fragmentary. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the bioavailability of thirteen vitamins and choline, to evaluate whether there are differences in vitamin bioavailability when human foods are sourced from animals or plants. The bioavailability of naturally occurring choline, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K in food awaits further studies. Animal-sourced foods are the almost exclusive natural sources of dietary vitamin B-12 (65% bioavailable) and preformed vitamin A retinol (74% bioavailable), and contain highly bioavailable biotin (89%), folate (67%), niacin (67%), pantothenic acid (80%), riboflavin (61%), thiamin (82%), and vitamin B-6 (83%). Plant-based foods are the main natural sources of vitamin C (76% bioavailable), provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene (15.6% bioavailable), riboflavin (65% bioavailable), thiamin (81% bioavailable), and vitamin K (16.5% bioavailable). The overview of studies showed that in general, vitamins in foods originating from animals are more bioavailable than vitamins in foods sourced from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Pei J, Zhu S, Liu Y, Song Y, Xue F, Xiong X, Li C. Photodynamic Effect of Riboflavin on Chitosan Coatings and the Application in Pork Preservation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041355. [PMID: 35209144 PMCID: PMC8877613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) was considered to be possessed of photoactivity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultraviolet (UV) light, which is thought to be a favorable antibacterial candidate. Herein, RF was incorporated into chitosan (CS) coatings and treated under UV with different exposure times (2, 4, and 6 h) to improve the physicochemical and antibacterial properties. The results showed that the light transmittance and antibacterial performance of chitosan coatings gradually increased with the extension of the UV irradiation time. The antibacterial ability of chitosan coatings correlated with the generation of ROS: ∙OH and H2O2, which achieved 1549.08 and 95.48 μg/g, respectively, after 6 h irradiation. Furthermore, the chitosan coatings with UV irradiation also reduced the pH value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), ΔE, and total viable counts (TVC) and improved sensory attributes of pork. In conclusion, the UV irradiated chitosan coatings could be used as an environmentally friendly antimicrobial packaging material to effectively delay the spoilage of pork, maintain its sensory quality and prolong its shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliu Pei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.P.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Shengyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.P.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.P.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Yukang Song
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.P.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.P.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (J.P.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-13362715
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Riboflavin-mediated radical polymerization – Outlook for eco-friendly synthesis of functional materials. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Melse-Boonstra A. Bioavailability of Micronutrients From Nutrient-Dense Whole Foods: Zooming in on Dairy, Vegetables, and Fruits. Front Nutr 2020; 7:101. [PMID: 32793622 PMCID: PMC7393990 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to fully exploit the nutrient density concept, thorough understanding of the biological activity of single nutrients in their interaction with other nutrients and food components from whole foods is important. This review provides a narrative overview of recent insights into nutrient bioavailability from complex foods in humans, highlighting synergistic and antagonistic processes among food components for two different food groups, i.e., dairy, and vegetables and fruits. For dairy, bioavailability of vitamins A, B2, B12 and K, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, zinc and iodine are discussed, whereas bioavailability of pro-vitamin A, folate, vitamin C and K, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron are discussed for vegetables and fruits. Although the bioavailability of some nutrients is fairly well-understood, for other nutrients the scientific understanding of uptake, absorption, and bioavailability in humans is still at a nascent stage. Understanding the absorption and bioavailability of nutrients from whole foods in interaction with food components that influence these processes will help to come to individual diet scores that better reflect absorbable nutrient intake in epidemiologic studies that relate dietary intake to health outcomes. Moreover, such knowledge may help in the design of foods, meals, and diets that aid in the supply of bioavailable nutrients to specific target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Magan JB, O’Callaghan TF, Zheng J, Zhang L, Mandal R, Hennessy D, Fenelon MA, Wishart DS, Kelly AL, McCarthy NA. Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients. Foods 2020; 9:E578. [PMID: 32375412 PMCID: PMC7278826 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n=17) consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV), or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Vitamin B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1, B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein ingredient types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Magan
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.B.M.); (T.F.O.); (M.A.F.)
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Tom F. O’Callaghan
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.B.M.); (T.F.O.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1C9, Canada; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1C9, Canada; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1C9, Canada; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Mark A. Fenelon
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.B.M.); (T.F.O.); (M.A.F.)
| | - David S. Wishart
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1C9, Canada; (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.M.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Alan L. Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Noel A. McCarthy
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.B.M.); (T.F.O.); (M.A.F.)
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Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Brandl B, Buso MEC, Skurk T, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:7. [PMID: 32272877 PMCID: PMC7144047 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies acknowledged the importance of an adequate vegetable consumption for human health. However, current methods to estimate vegetable intake are often prone to measurement errors due to self-reporting and/or insufficient detail. More objective intake biomarkers for vegetables, using biological specimens, are preferred. The only concentration biomarkers currently available are blood carotenoids and vitamin C, covering total fruit and vegetable intake. Identification of biomarkers for specific vegetables is needed for a better understanding of their relative importance for human health. Within the FoodBAll Project under the Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life", an ambitious action was undertaken to identify candidate intake biomarkers for all major food groups consumed in Europe by systematically reviewing the existent literature. This study describes the review on candidate biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) for leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables, which was conducted within PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published through March 2019. RESULTS In total, 65 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility for leafy vegetables, and 6 full-text articles were screened for bulb and stem vegetables. Putative BFIs were identified for spinach, lettuce, endive, asparagus, artichoke, and celery, but not for rocket salad. However, after critical evaluation through a validation scheme developed by the FoodBAll consortium, none of the putative biomarkers appeared to be a promising BFI. The food chemistry data indicate that some candidate BFIs may be revealed by further studies. CONCLUSION Future randomized controlled feeding studies combined with observational studies, applying a non-targeted metabolomics approach, are needed in order to identify valuable BFIs for the intake of leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Beate Brandl
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marion E C Buso
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kroener-Fresenius Center of Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR1019, Human Nutrition Unit, F63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Sharma P, Gillies N, Pundir S, Pileggi CA, Markworth JF, Thorstensen EB, Cameron-Smith D, Milan AM. Comparison of the Acute Postprandial Circulating B-Vitamin and Vitamer Responses to Single Breakfast Meals in Young and Older Individuals: Preliminary Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2893. [PMID: 31795162 PMCID: PMC6950174 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B-vitamin deficiency is common in ageing populations either due to altered dietary habits or altered digestive and metabolic functions. There is limited data on the acute circulating concentrations of B-vitamins and their various forms (vitamers), following ingestion of realistic meals. This study compared the acute circulating B-vitamin and vitamer responses to either an energy-dense (ED) or a nutrient-dense (ND) breakfast meal, consumed in a randomized cross-over sequence, in older and younger adults (n = 15 and 15, aged 67.3 ± 1.5 and 22.7 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SEM), respectively). Eleven differing B-vitamins and vitamers were determined in plasma samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in the fasting and postprandial state (hourly for 5 h). While postprandial thiamine concentration increased following both meals, riboflavin increased only following a ND meal in both age groups. Many vitamins including nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal-5'phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid remained unaltered, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide and nicotinuric acid concentrations reduced following both meals. Biological age and food composition had minimal impact on postprandial B-vitamin concentrations, yet the differences between the ED and ND meals for riboflavin highlight the importance of riboflavin intake to achieve adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaja Sharma
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Gillies
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shikha Pundir
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Chantal A. Pileggi
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - James F. Markworth
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Eric B. Thorstensen
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Amber M. Milan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (P.S.); (N.G.); (S.P.); (C.A.P.); (J.F.M.); (E.B.T.); (D.C.-S.)
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Egelandsdal B, Oostindjer M, Hovland EM, Okholm B, Saarem K, Bjerke F, Ruud L, Grabež V, Haug A. Identifying labelling and marketing advantages of nutrients in minced beef meat: A case study. Meat Sci 2019; 159:107920. [PMID: 31473367 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2006, the European Commission approved nutrition and health claim regulations of foods to stimulate healthier choices. To document how commercial, minced beef meat complied with regulations, meat samples from 72 carcasses were analysed. These samples were a source of niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), phosphorus and iron (cow meat only), and a rich source of protein, monounsaturated fat, vitamin B12 and zinc. A potential exists for establishing beef meat as a source of vitamin K, iron and selenium. The meat's nutrient relevance for young women when ingesting 150 g of raw beef mince/day was estimated. Increased levels of riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B5), iron and selenium beyond presently observed, would better support this group's recommended nutrient intake. If the bioactivity of 25-OH-vitamin D3 could be used in calculations, vitamin D3 in the minced meat would add positively to the intake of vitamin D3 that was 49% of the recommended intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway.
| | - Marije Oostindjer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hovland
- Animalia - the Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, P.O. Box 396 Økern, NO-0513 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bolette Okholm
- Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark, The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Laboratory Aarhus, Sønderskovvej 5, 8520 Lystrup, Denmark
| | | | - Frøydis Bjerke
- Animalia - the Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, P.O. Box 396 Økern, NO-0513 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Ruud
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Vladana Grabež
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Anna Haug
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Aas, Norway
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Bull JN, Carrascosa E, Giacomozzi L, Bieske EJ, Stockett MH. Ion mobility action spectroscopy of flavin dianions reveals deprotomer-dependent photochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19672-19681. [PMID: 30014081 PMCID: PMC6063075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced proton transfer, deprotomer-dependent photochemistry, and intramolecular charge transfer in flavin anions are investigated using action spectroscopy.
The intrinsic optical properties and photochemistry of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) dianions are investigated using a combination of tandem ion mobility spectrometry and action spectroscopy. Two principal isomers are observed, the more stable form being deprotonated on the isoalloxazine group and a phosphate (N-3,PO4 deprotomer), and the other on the two phosphates (PO4,PO4 deprotomer). Ion mobility data and electronic action spectra suggest that photo-induced proton transfer occurs from the isoalloxazine group to a phosphate group, converting the PO4,PO4 deprotomer to the N-3,PO4 deprotomer. Comparisons of the isomer selective action spectra of FAD dianions and flavin monoanions with solution spectra and gas-phase photodissociation action spectra suggests that solvation shifts the electronic absorption of the deprotonated isoalloxazine group to higher energy. This is interpreted as evidence for significant charge transfer in the lowest optical transition of deprotonated isoalloxazine. Overall, this work demonstrates that the site of deprotonation of flavin anions strongly affects their electronic absorptions and photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark H Stockett
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Turck D, Bresson JL, Burlingame B, Dean T, Fairweather-Tait S, Heinonen M, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Nowicka G, Pentieva K, Sanz Y, Siani A, Sjödin A, Stern M, Tomé D, Van Loveren H, Vinceti M, Willatts P, Lamberg-Allardt C, Przyrembel H, Tetens I, Dumas C, Fabiani L, Forss AC, Ioannidou S, Neuhäuser-Berthold M. Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04919. [PMID: 32625611 PMCID: PMC7010026 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives dietary reference values (DRVs) for riboflavin. The Panel considers that the inflection point in the urinary riboflavin excretion curve in relation to riboflavin intake reflects body saturation and can be used as a biomarker of adequate riboflavin status. The Panel also considers that erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient is a useful biomarker, but has limitations. For adults, the Panel considers that average requirements (ARs) and population reference intakes (PRIs) can be determined from the weighted mean of riboflavin intake associated with the inflection point in the urinary riboflavin excretion curve reported in four intervention studies. PRIs are derived for adults and children assuming a coefficient of variation of 10%, in the absence of information on the variability in the requirement and to account for the potential effect of physical activity and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype. For adults, the AR and PRI are set at 1.3 and 1.6 mg/day. For infants aged 7-11 months, an adequate intake of 0.4 mg/day is set by upward extrapolation from the riboflavin intake of exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months. For children, ARs are derived by downward extrapolation from the adult AR, applying allometric scaling and growth factors and considering differences in reference body weight. For children of both sexes aged 1-17 years, ARs range between 0.5 and 1.4 mg/day, and PRIs between 0.6 and 1.6 mg/day. For pregnant or lactating women, additional requirements are considered, to account for fetal uptake and riboflavin accretion in the placenta during pregnancy or the losses through breast milk, and PRIs of 1.9 and 2.0 mg/day, respectively, are derived.
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Manios Y, Moschonis G, Dekkers R, Mavrogianni C, Grammatikaki E, van den Heuvel E. Vitamin B 2, vitamin B 12 and total homocysteine status in children and their associations with dietary intake of B-vitamins from different food groups: the Healthy Growth Study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:321-331. [PMID: 26514562 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between the dietary intakes of certain B-vitamins from different food sources with the relevant plasma status indices in children. METHODS A representative subsample of 600 children aged 9-13 years from the Healthy Growth Study was selected. Dietary intakes of vitamins B2, B12, B6 and folate derived from different food sources were estimated. Plasma levels of vitamin B2 (or riboflavin), methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total homocysteine (tHcy) were also measured. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of vitamin B2 below 3 μg/L were found in 22.8 % of the children. Children in the lower quartile of dietary vitamin B2 intake were found to have the lowest plasma vitamin B2 levels compared to children in the upper three quartiles (5.06 ± 7.63 vs. 6.48 ± 7.88, 6.34 ± 7.63 and 6.05 ± 4.94 μg/L respectively; P = 0.003). Regarding vitamin B12 children in the lower quartile of dietary intake had higher mean plasma tHcy levels compared to children in the upper two quartiles, respectively (6.00 ± 1.79 vs. 5.41 ± 1.43 and 5.46 ± 1.64 μmol/L; P = 0.012). Positive linear associations were observed between plasma vitamin B2 levels and dietary vitamin B2 derived from milk and fruits (β = 0.133; P = 0.001 and β = 0.086; P = 0.037). Additionally, nonlinear associations were also observed between plasma vitamin B2 levels and vitamin B2 derived from red meat, as well as between tHcy levels and vitamins B12 and B6 derived from milk; vitamins B12, B6 and folate derived from cereal products and folate derived from fruits. CONCLUSION A considerably high prevalence of poor plasma vitamin B2 status was observed in children. The intake of milk, fruits and cereals was associated with more favorable tHcy levels, while the intake of milk and fruits with more favorable plasma B2 levels. However, these findings need to be further confirmed from controlled dietary intervention studies examining the modulation of biomarkers of B-vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.,EnviNHealth S.A., Amarysias Artemidos 36, 151 24, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Renske Dekkers
- FrieslandCampina, P.O. Box 238, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Grammatikaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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14
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Pipingas A, Camfield DA, Stough C, Cox KHM, Fogg E, Tiplady B, Sarris J, White DJ, Sali A, Wetherell MA, Scholey AB. The effects of multivitamin supplementation on mood and general well-being in healthy young adults. A laboratory and at-home mobile phone assessment. Appetite 2013; 69:123-36. [PMID: 23727255 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that multivitamin (MV) supplementation may be associated with beneficial effects for mood and general well-being, although treatment durations have typically been less than 90 days, samples have often been restricted to males only and acute effects have not been adequately differentiated from chronic effects. In the current study a MV supplement containing high levels of B-vitamins was administered daily to 138 healthy young adult participants between the ages of 20 and 50 years over a 16-week period. Chronic mood measures (GHQ-28, POMS, Chalder fatigue, PILL, Bond-Lader and custom visual analogue scales) were administered pre-dose at baseline, 8- and 16-weeks. Changes in Bond-Lader and VAS in response to a multi-tasking framework (MTF) were also assessed at 8- and 16-weeks. For a subset of participants, at-home mobile-phone assessments of mood were assessed on a weekly basis using Bond-Lader and VAS. No significant treatment effects were found for any chronic laboratory mood measures. In response to the MTF, a significant treatment x time interaction was found for STAI-S, with a trend towards a greater increase in stress ratings for male participants in the MV group at 16 weeks. However, this finding may have been attributable to a larger proportion of students in the male MV group. In contrast, at-home mobile-phone assessments, where assessments were conducted post-dose, revealed significantly reduced stress, physical fatigue and anxiety in the MV group in comparison to placebo across a number of time points. Further research using both acute and chronic dosing regimens are required in order to properly differentiate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Mail H24, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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15
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Tavares NR, Moreira PS, Amaral TF. Comparison of blood levels of riboflavin and folate with dietary correlates estimated from a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire in older persons in Portugal. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:59-70. [PMID: 22335440 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.647557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since information regarding biochemical parameters of riboflavin and folate status is limited in some populations of older adults, a food-frequency questionnaire is often used to estimate riboflavin and folate status. However, the performance of this type of questionnaire among this age group has not been comprehensively evaluated. Thus, we sought to assess riboflavin and folate status in older adults living in Portugal and to validate findings from a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), by comparison to these blood measures. We used a cross-sectional study to investigate riboflavin in red blood cells (as Glutathione Reductase Activity Coefficient; EGRAC) and folate in the serum of 88 older persons (66.7% female), aged between 60 and 94 years, recruited from seven adult day care community centers in Porto, Portugal. Forty-six subjects had low EGRAC levels (<1.2), with a group mean concentration of 1.17 and median of 1.10 (range 1.00-2.10). For daily riboflavin dietary intakes from FFQ, the mean was 3.34 mg, the median 3.37 mg, and range 0.66-4.81 mg. The Spearman correlation between these two measures was r = 0.073, (P = 0.497) and Pearson correlation, after adjustment for energy, was r = 0.263, P = 0.013. All participants were above the 7 nmol/L serum folate cut-off for adequacy. Spearman correlation coefficient between serum and FFQ measures was r = -0.10, (P = 0.359), and the Pearson correlation, after adjustment for energy and following log(e) transformation, was r = -0.58, (P = 0.593). Thus riboflavin and folate intakes estimated by FFQ correlated poorly with EGRAC and folate serum values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson R Tavares
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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16
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van Maldegem BT, Duran M, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Wijburg FA. Flavin adenine dinucleotide status and the effects of high-dose riboflavin treatment in short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:304-8. [PMID: 19952864 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181cbd57b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an inborn error, biochemically characterized by increased plasma butyrylcarnitine (C4-C) concentration and increased ethylmalonic acid (EMA) excretion and caused by rare mutations and/or common gene variants in the SCAD encoding gene. Although its clinical relevance is not clear, SCADD is included in most US newborn screening programs. Riboflavin, the precursor of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, cofactor), might be effective for treating SCADD. We assessed the FAD status and evaluated the effects of riboflavin treatment in a prospective open-label cohort study involving 16 patients with SCADD, subdivided into mutation/mutation (mut/mut), mutation/variant (mut/var), and variant/variant (var/var) genotype groups. Blood FAD levels were normal in all patients before therapy, but significantly lower in the mut/var and var/var groups compared with the mut/mut group. Riboflavin treatment resulted in a decrease in EMA excretion in the mut/var group and in a subjective clinical improvement in four patients from this group. However, this improvement persisted after stopping treatment. These results indicate that high-dose riboflavin treatment may improve the biochemical features of SCADD, at least in patients with a mut/var genotype and low FAD levels. As our study could not demonstrate a clinically relevant effect of riboflavin, general use of riboflavin cannot be recommended.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent developments in mass spectrometric methodology, in particular the widespread adoption of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, have presented investigators with new opportunities to investigate micronutrient absorption and metabolism. This review focuses on recent reports of the use of stable isotope techniques to facilitate research into vitamin uptake and utilization in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Stable isotopes are used principally in two ways, as analytical standards in isotope dilution assays and as tracers in studies of physiology. There have been a number of advances in both fields recently for almost all of the vitamins. In particular, the effects of food preparation and meal composition on vitamin bioavailability are being probed more widely than before. SUMMARY A considerable amount of method development has been reported. We now have the opportunity to consolidate our understanding of vitamin metabolism to better inform the dietary recommendations for optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie J C Bluck
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Effects of methodological variation on assessment of riboflavin status using the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient assay. Br J Nutr 2008; 102:273-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508162997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin status is usually measured as thein vitrostimulation with flavin adenine dinucleotide of the erythrocyte enzyme glutathione reductase, and expressed as an erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC). This method is used for the National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) of the UK. In the period between the 1990 and 2003 surveys of UK adults, the estimated prevalence of riboflavin deficiency, expressed as an EGRAC value ≥ 1·30, increased from 2 to 46 % in males and from 1 to 34 % in females. We hypothesised that subtle but important differences in the detail of the methodology between the two NDNS accounted for this difference. We carried out an evaluation of the performance of the methods used in the two NDNS and compared against an ‘in-house’ method, using blood samples collected from a riboflavin intervention study. Results indicated that the method used for the 1990 NDNS gave a significantly lower mean EGRAC value than both the 2003 NDNS method and the ‘in-house’ method (P < 0·0001). The key differences between the methods relate to the concentration of FAD used in the assay and the duration of the period of incubation of FAD with enzyme. The details of the EGRAC method should be standardised for use in different laboratories and over time. Additionally, it is proposed that consideration be given to re-evaluating the basis of the EGRAC threshold for riboflavin deficiency.
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