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Zhao W, Li C, Shen WZ, Li KY, Cai YX, Li F, Fu H, Peng B, Chen J, Li TY, Chen L. Cord blood vitamin A and vitamin D levels in relation to physical growth in exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1394408. [PMID: 39129921 PMCID: PMC11310037 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1394408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins A and D are essential for the health of pregnant women and infants. Nevertheless, the relationship between umbilical cord blood vitamins A and D levels and the physical growth of exclusively breastfed infants remains uncertain. Objective This cohort study aims to examine the relationship between cord blood vitamins A and D levels and the physical growth of exclusively breastfed infants aged 0-6 months. Methods 140 singleton mother-infant pairs were recruited in total. Questionnaires were used to collect maternal and infant information, and liquid chromatography was utilized to quantify the levels of vitamins A and D in the umbilical cord blood. Anthropometric measurements were conducted at birth, at 3 and 6 months of age, and the weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ), head circumference-for-age z-score (HAZ), and BMI-for-age z-score (BMIZ) were calculated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used for the analysis. Results The average concentration of vitamins A and D in cord blood was 0.58 ± 0.20 μmol/L and 34.07 ± 13.35 nmol/L, both below the normal range for children. After adjusting for confounding factors, vitamin A levels in cord blood positively correlated with HAZ growth in infants aged 3-6 months (β= 0.75, P < 0.01) while vitamin D levels negatively correlated with LAZ growth (β= -0.01, P = 0.01) and positively correlated with BMIZ growth (β= 0.02, P < 0.01). Conclusion Higher Vitamin A levels at birth promote HAZ growth in infants aged 3-6 months while higher vitamin D levels at birth promote BMIZ growth in infants aged 3-6 months. Clinical trial registration https://register.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04017286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center of Children and Adolescents, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Child Health Care, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhi Shen
- Department of Child Health Care, Wanzhou District Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Yun Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Wanzhou District Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xi Cai
- Department of Child Health Care, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center of Children and Adolescents, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yu Li
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center of Children and Adolescents, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center of Children and Adolescents, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2029-2050. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Head B, Traber MG. Expanding role of vitamin E in protection against metabolic dysregulation: Insights gained from model systems, especially the developing nervous system of zebrafish embryos. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:80-91. [PMID: 34555455 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses why the embryo requires vitamin E (VitE) and shows that its lack causes metabolic dysregulation and impacts morphological changes at very early stages in development, which occur prior to when a woman knows she is pregnant. VitE halts the chain reactions of lipid peroxidation (LPO). Metabolomic analyses indicate that thiols become depleted in E- embryos because LPO generates products that require compensation using limited amino acids and methyl donors that are also developmentally relevant. Thus, VitE protects metabolic networks and the integrated gene expression networks that control development. VitE is critical especially for neurodevelopment, which is dependent on trafficking by the α-tocopherol transfer protein (TTPa). VitE-deficient (E-) zebrafish embryos initially appear normal, but by 12 and 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) E- embryos are developmentally abnormal with expression of pax2a and sox10 mis-localized in the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, neural crest cells and throughout the spinal neurons. These patterning defects indicate cells that are especially in need of VitE-protection. They precede obvious morphological abnormalities (cranial-facial malformation, pericardial edema, yolksac edema, skewed body-axis) and impaired behavioral responses to locomotor activity tests. The TTPA gene (ttpa) is expressed at the leading edges of the brain ventricle border. Ttpa knockdown using morpholinos is 100% lethal by 24 hpf, while E- embryo brains are often over- or under-inflated at 24 hpf. Further, E- embryos prior to 24 hpf have increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased expression of genes involved in anabolic pathways and transcription. Combined data from both gene expression and the metabolome in E- embryos at 24 hpf suggest that the activity of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is decreased, which may impact both metabolism and neurodevelopment. Further evaluation of VitE deficiency in neurogenesis and its subsequent impact on learning and behavior is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Carotenoid profile in breast milk and maternal and cord plasma: a longitudinal study in Southwest China. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1281-1287. [PMID: 33413728 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are increasingly being implicated to have an important role in brain and eye development. This study aimed to quantify the content and profile of carotenoids in human breast milk, maternal plasma and neonatal umbilical cord plasma in Chengdu, an urban area in Southwest China. In this study, fifty-four healthy mothers were enrolled. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk were collected. Concentrations of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene) were analysed by HPLC. We found that carotenoid concentrations decreased from colostrum to mature milk. Hydrocarbon carotenoids with weaker polarity decreased more than the polar carotenoids. Lycopene concentrations dropped by 99 %, β-carotene by 92 %, β-cryptoxanthin by 83 %, lutein by 32 % and zeaxanthin by 22 %. Lycopene and β-carotene accounted for 70 % of the total carotenoids in colostrum, and lutein predominated amongst carotenoids in transitional milk and mature milk (51-55 %). Carotenoid concentrations in maternal plasma were much higher than that in cord plasma. Lutein predominated in cord plasma. The concentrations of all carotenoids in maternal plasma were correlated with those of cord plasma and human milk. These results are consistent with selective transport mechanisms in the mammary gland related to the polarity of carotenoids, and each carotenoid has its own implications, which may have different priorities in the early life development of infants. These findings may help guide dietary recommendations for carotenoid inclusion in infant formulas.
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Bezerra DS, Ribeiro KDS, Lima MSR, Pires Medeiros JF, da Silva AGCL, Dimenstein R, Osório MM. Retinol status and associated factors in mother-newborn pairs. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 33:222-231. [PMID: 31602713 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency is still considered to be a nutritional problem during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood. The present study aimed to assess the vitamin A status of women and their newborns in the Brazilian Northeast and to determine the association between retinol in the maternal serum, umbilical cord blood and colostrum. METHODS Vitamin A status in 65 pairs of women and newborns was assessed from samples of the mother's serum, umbilical cord serum and colostrum using high-performance liquid chromatography. The inadequacy of the vitamin A status of mothers and infants was identified if the retinol values were <0.7 µmol L- 1 in maternal serum or umbilical cord blood or <1.05 µmol L-1 in colostrum. RESULTS The prevalence of inadequate maternal vitamin A status was 21.5% (95% CI: 11.5%-31.5%) and 13.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4%-22.2%] based on maternal serum and colostrum, respectively. Among newborns, 41.5% (95% CI = 29.3%-53.5%) presented a low status of vitamin A based on cord serum. Multiple linear regression analysis identified that maternal serum retinol is a predictor of umbilical cord retinol (P = 0.005). Retinol in maternal serum was lower in mothers who were less educated (P = 0.04) and colostrum retinol was higher in older (P = 0.04) and multiparous (P = 0.002) mothers. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A deficiency is a common problem among mothers attended in public hospitals in Northeast Brazil and maternal retinol concentrations are associated with retinol status in newborns. Maternal age, parity and educational level were related to the maternal vitamin A status.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Bezerra
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences of Trairi - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - K D S Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - M S R Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Centre - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - J F Pires Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Centre - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A G C L da Silva
- Department of Nutrition - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - R Dimenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioscience Centre - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - M M Osório
- Program in Nutrition - Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Robinson O, Keski-Rahkonen P, Chatzi L, Kogevinas M, Nawrot T, Pizzi C, Plusquin M, Richiardi L, Robinot N, Sunyer J, Vermeulen R, Vrijheid M, Vineis P, Scalbert A, Chadeau-Hyam M. Cord Blood Metabolic Signatures of Birth Weight: A Population-Based Study. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1235-1247. [PMID: 29401400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Birth weight is an important indicator of maternal and fetal health and a predictor of health in later life. However, the determinants of variance in birth weight are still poorly understood. We aimed to identify the biological pathways, which may be perturbed by environmental exposures, that are important in determining birth weight. We applied untargeted mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics to 481 cord blood samples collected at delivery in four birth cohorts from across Europe: ENVIRONAGE (Belgium), INMA (Spain), Piccolipiu (Italy), and Rhea (Greece). We performed a metabolome-wide association scan for birth weight on over 4000 metabolic features, controlling the false discovery rate at 5%. Annotation of compounds was conducted through reference to authentic standards. We identified 68 metabolites significantly associated with birth weight, including vitamin A, progesterone, docosahexaenoic acid, indolelactic acid, and multiple acylcarnitines and phosphatidylcholines. We observed enrichment (p < 0.05) of the tryptophan metabolism, prostaglandin formation, C21-steroid hormone signaling, carnitine shuttle, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Vitamin A was associated with both maternal smoking and birth weight, suggesting a mediation pathway. Our findings shed new light on the pathways central to fetal growth and will have implications for antenatal and perinatal care and potentially for health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete , Voutes University Campus, Heraklion, Crete, GR-70013, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of South California , Soto Street Building 2001 N Soto Street, Suite 201-D, Los Angeles, California 90032-3628, United States
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Plaça de la Mercè, 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University , Oude Markt 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte , C.So, Dogliotti, 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University , Oude Markt 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte , C.So, Dogliotti, 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Plaça de la Mercè, 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht University , POB 80178, Utrecht NL-3508, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Plaça de la Mercè, 10, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Serum Lycopene Concentrations and Associations with Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Maternal-Infant Dyads. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020204. [PMID: 29438287 PMCID: PMC5852780 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, and many carotenoids, including lycopene, potentially have antioxidant properties. The objective of this analysis was to explore the associations between serum lycopene concentrations, including lycopene isomers, and maternal-newborn outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 180 mother-infant pairs. Serum of total lycopene as well as the cis- and trans-isomers concentrations were measured using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Descriptive statistics were calculated; Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord concentrations. The relationship between lycopene concentration and outcomes were evaluated with linear and logistic regression models, with adjustment for relevant confounders. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Maternal and cord serum lycopene concentrations were positively correlated for total lycopene (r = 0.30, p < 0.0001), cis-lycopene (r = 0.29, p = 0.0002); and trans-lycopene (r = 0.32, p < 0.0001). Maternal concentrations of cis-lycopene were significantly lower in mothers whose infants developed respiratory distress syndrome compared to those who did not (0.336 ± 0.171 vs. 0.445 ± 0.238 µmol/L, p = 0.04) and also in mothers whose babies were admitted to the newborn intensive care unit compared to those who were not (0.380 ± 0.202 vs. 0.458 ± 0.244 µmol/L, p = 0.04). Conversely, cord concentrations of trans-lycopene were significantly higher in infants who developed RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) (0.023 ± 0.012 vs. 0.016 ± 0.012, p = 0.007 for RDS vs. no RDS), and a similar pattern was seen NICU admission (0.023 ± 0.016 vs. 0.015 ± 0.009 µmol/L for NICU (Newborn Intensive Care Unit) admission vs. no NICU admission, p = 0.007). Maternal concentrations of total and cis-lycopene were positively associated with infant birth weight, length and head circumference after adjustment for relevant confounders. As serum carotenoids, including lycopene, are modifiable by diet, future research determining the clinical impact of these compounds is warranted.
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Du Q, Luo ZC, Nuyt AM, Audibert F, Julien P, Wei SQ, Zhang DL, Fraser W, Levy E. Vitamin A and E Nutritional Status in Relation to Leptin, Adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II in Early Life - a Birth Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:100. [PMID: 29311590 PMCID: PMC5758521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic health effects of vitamin A and E nutritional status in early life are largely unknown. We assessed whether vitamin A and vitamin E nutritional status may affect circulating leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II levels in early life in humans. In a singleton birth cohort (n = 248), vitamin A and E nutritional status in fetuses/newborns were assessed by cord plasma concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, α- and γ-tocopherols. The primary outcomes were cord plasma leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations. Cord plasma retinol was significantly positively correlated to IGF-I in girls (r = 0.42, P < 0.0001) but not in boys (r = 0.14, P = 0.11). Adjusting for maternal and newborn's characteristics, one log unit increase in cord plasma retinol was associated with a 28.0% (95% CI: 11.1-47.5%) increase in IGF-I in girls (P < 0.001) but not in boys (P = 0.75). One log unit increment in cord plasma α-tocopherol was associated with a 6.6% (0.4-12.3%) decrease in adiponectin (P = 0.04), while one log unit increment in cord plasma γ-tocopherol was associated with a 21.2% (4.7-34.8%) decrease in leptin (P = 0.01). There may be a sex-specific association between retinol and IGF-I, a negative association between α-tocopherol and adiponectin, and a negative association between γ-tocopherol and leptin in early life in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwen Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 464200, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 464200, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Francois Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU-Quebec Laval University Research Center, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Shu-Qin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Dan-Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 464200, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - William Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
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Health Effects of Carotenoids during Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080838. [PMID: 28777356 PMCID: PMC5579631 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is particularly important during pregnancy since it is needed not only for maintaining the health of the mother, but also determines the course of pregnancy and its outcome, fetus development as well as the child’s health after birth and during the later period of life. Data coming from epidemiological and interventions studies support the observation that carotenoids intake provide positive health effects in adults and the elderly population. These health effects are the result of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have also demonstrated the significant role of carotenoids during pregnancy and infancy. Some studies indicate a correlation between carotenoid status and lower risk of pregnancy pathologies induced by intensified oxidative stress, but results of these investigations are equivocal. Carotenoids have been well studied in relation to their beneficial role in the prevention of preeclampsia. It is currently hypothesized that carotenoids can play an important role in the prevention of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Carotenoid status in the newborn depends on the nutritional status of the mother, but little is known about the transfer of carotenoids from the mother to the fetus. Carotenoids are among the few nutrients found in breast milk, in which the levels are determined by the mother’s diet. Nutritional status of the newborn directly depends on its diet. Both mix feeding and artificial feeding may cause depletion of carotenoids since infant formulas contain only trace amounts of these compounds. Carotenoids, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin play a significant role in the development of vision and nervous system (among others, they are important for the development of retina as well as energy metabolism and brain electrical activity). Furthermore, more scientific evidence is emerging on the role of carotenoids in the prevention of disorders affecting preterm infants, who are susceptible to oxidative stress, particularly retinopathy of prematurity.
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First trimester TTR-RBP4-ROH complex and angiogenic factors in the prediction of small for gestational age infant’s outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:1157-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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van Stuijvenberg ME, Schoeman SE, Nel J, Lombard CJ, Dhansay MA. Serum retinol in post-partum mothers and newborns from an impoverished South African community where liver is frequently eaten and vitamin A deficiency is absent. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 13:10.1111/mcn.12223. [PMID: 26564246 PMCID: PMC6865866 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum retinol was assessed in mothers and newborns from an impoverished South African community where liver is frequently eaten and vitamin A deficiency known to be absent. Paired cord and maternal blood (n = 201) were collected after delivery and analysed for serum retinol and C-reactive protein (CRP). Liver intake during pregnancy and intention to breastfeed were also assessed. Mean serum retinol was 1.03 µmol/L ± 0.40 in mothers and 0.73 ± 0.24 µmol/L in newborns, with 21.4% and 49.3% having serum retinol <0.70 µmol/L (<20 µg/dL), respectively. Raised CRP was found in 59.9% of mothers, with a significant negative correlation between serum retinol and CRP (r = -0.273; p < 0.0001). Liver was eaten by 87.6% of mothers, and 99% indicated their intention to breastfeed. Despite consumption of liver, serum retinol was low in both the mother and the newborn. The conventional cut-off for serum retinol, i.e. <0.70 µmol/L may therefore not apply for the mother and newborn in the period immediately after delivery. Serum retinol may be influenced by factors other than vitamin A status, e.g. the haemodilution of pregnancy, as well as the acute phase response induced by the birth process, as suggested by raised CRP in 60% of mothers. In the newborns, the low serum retinol is likely to increase rapidly, as liver is frequently eaten by mothers and practically all of them intended to breastfeed. Our results confirm the need for better indicators of vitamin A status or alternative cut-off values during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. van Stuijvenberg
- Nutritional Intervention Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Non‐communicable Diseases Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Serina E. Schoeman
- Nutritional Intervention Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jana Nel
- Integrated Nutrition ProgrammeDepartment of HealthNorthern CapeSouth Africa
| | - Carl J. Lombard
- Biostatistics UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Muhammad A. Dhansay
- Nutritional Intervention Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Burden of Disease Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
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12
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da Silva Ribeiro KD, Lima MSR, Medeiros JFP, de Sousa Rebouças A, Dantas RCS, Bezerra DS, Osório MM, Dimenstein R. Association between maternal vitamin E status and alpha-tocopherol levels in the newborn and colostrum. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 12:801-7. [PMID: 26924492 PMCID: PMC6860069 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is important because of its antioxidant activity in situations of oxidative stress, especially postnatally. Hence, the objective was to verify whether maternal alpha-tocopherol level is associated with the alpha-tocopherol levels of the newborn and colostrum. This is a cross-sectional study of 58 women and their term newborns from a public hospital. Blood and colostrum were collected to measure alpha-tocopherol levels by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mothers with serum alpha-tocopherol levels <16.2 mmol L(-1) and newborns <11.6 mmol L(-1) were indicative of deficiency or low levels. Mothers were divided into two groups: <16.2 mmol L(-1) and those with levels ≥16.2 mmol L(-1) . The mean (95% confidence interval) serum alpha-tocopherol levels of mothers, umbilical cords and colostrum were 28 (24-32), 6 (5-8) and 39 mmol L(-1) (32-45), respectively (P < 0.001); 19% of the women and 90% of the newborns had low alpha-tocopherol levels. Maternal alpha-tocopherol level was associated with that of the umbilical cord. Newborns from mothers at risk of deficiency had low alpha-tocopherol levels (P < 0.001). Colostrum levels of vitamin E were not influenced by maternal serum. Maternal deficiency influenced the vitamin E level of the umbilical cord but does not in the colostrum, evidencing distinct transfer mechanisms via the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Santa Rosa Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Soares Bezerra
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas do Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Mônica Maria Osório
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Roberto Dimenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A nutrient-rich maternal diet before and during pregnancy is associated with improved fetal health, more appropriate birth weight, and increased rates of maternal and infant survival. Physicians need a better understanding of the role of diet in shaping fetal outcomes. Given this background, we reviewed and summarized articles on maternal nutrition found in MEDLINE since 1981, written in English, and limited to human subjects. FOR THE OFFSPRING Maternal diets high in sugar and fat lead to an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life. Folic acid should be supplemented prior to conception and continued through at least the first 28 days of fetal life to prevent neural tube defects, and vitamin C should be given to women who smoke to lower the incidence of asthma and wheezing in the children. Iodine deficiency is increasing, and iodine should be included in prenatal supplements. If the maternal hemoglobin is 7 g/dL or more, there is no evidence that iron supplementation is needed. Fish intake during pregnancy is protective against atopic outcomes, whereas high-meat diets contribute to elevated adult blood pressure and hypersecretion of cortisol. FOR THE MOTHER Calcium supplementation lowers the risk of preeclampsia and hypertensive disease in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Given the limits of our current knowledge, a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and selected fish is desirable for the best outcomes. Diets high in sugar and fat lead to higher rates of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Folic acid, iodine, and calcium in all pregnant women and vitamin C in smokers are the only supplements so far shown to be of value for routine use. The physician treating a pregnant woman should be ready to advise a healthy diet for the benefit of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I. Lowensohn
- *Adjunct Associate Professor, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, †Assistant Professor of Medicine, and ‡Clinical Dietitian Specialist, Center for Women’s Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Diane D. Stadler
- *Adjunct Associate Professor, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, †Assistant Professor of Medicine, and ‡Clinical Dietitian Specialist, Center for Women’s Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Christie Naze
- *Adjunct Associate Professor, Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, †Assistant Professor of Medicine, and ‡Clinical Dietitian Specialist, Center for Women’s Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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14
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Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, Moreira EM, Melo van Lent D, Tielemans MJ, Muka T, Vitezova A, Chowdhury R, Bramer WM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Felix JF, Franco OH. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:481-94. [PMID: 26762372 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress, but evidence has not systematically been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate systematically the effects of lutein (intake or concentrations) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages. DESIGN This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of literature published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to August 2014. Included were trials and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in which the association between lutein concentrations, dietary intake, or supplements and cardiometabolic outcomes was reported. Two independent investigators reviewed the articles. RESULTS Seventy-one relevant articles were identified that included a total of 387,569 participants. Only 1 article investigated the effects of lutein during pregnancy, and 3 studied lutein in children. Furthermore, 31 longitudinal, 33 cross-sectional, and 3 intervention studies were conducted in adults. Meta-analysis showed a lower risk of coronary heart disease (pooled RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98) and stroke (pooled RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.93) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of lutein blood concentration or intake. There was no significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (pooled RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.22), but higher lutein was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (pooled RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.92) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile. The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers, but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure, adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health. However, evidence mainly comes from observational studies in adults, whereas large-scale intervention studies and studies of lutein during pregnancy and childhood are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina P Baena
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of tocopherol‐rich extract (E 306), α‐tocopherol (E 307), γ‐tocopherol (E 308) and δ‐tocopherol (E 309) as food additives. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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16
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Genkinger JM, Stigter L, Jedrychowski W, Huang TJ, Wang S, Roen EL, Majewska R, Kieltyka A, Mroz E, Perera FP. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, antioxidant levels and behavioral development of children ages 6-9. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:136-44. [PMID: 25863187 PMCID: PMC4492867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure has been shown to increase DNA adduct levels and to affect neurodevelopment. Micronutrients may modify the adverse effect of PAH on neurodevelopment. Thus, we examined if micronutrient concentrations modified the association between PAH exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. METHODS 151 children from a birth cohort who had micronutrient concentrations measured in cord blood and completed the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), between the ages of 6 and 9 years, were evaluated. Prenatal airborne PAH exposure was measured by personal air monitoring. The betas and 95% CI for the associations of antioxidant concentrations and PAH exposure with each of the outcomes of CBCL raw score and dichotomized standardized T-score (based on clinical cutpoints) were estimated, respectively, by multivariable poisson and logistic models. RESULTS Children below the median for alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol concentrations, compared to those above, were more likely to have thought problems, aggressive behavior and externalizing problems (p<0.05). Lower carotenoid concentration was associated with more thought problems (MVβ=0.60, p<0.001) and externalizing problems (MVβ=0.13, p<0.05) for the same contrast. No statistically significant associations were observed between retinol concentrations and neurodevelopmental symptoms. Overall, no consistent patterns were observed when we examined the interaction between antioxidants (e.g., alpha-tocopherol) and PAH in relation to CBCL symptoms (e.g., internalizing and externalizing problems, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and carotenoid levels may adversely affect healthy neurodevelopment, even after accounting for PAH exposure. Future research to confirm these findings are warranted given the importance of identifying modifiable factors for reducing harmful PAH effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laura Stigter
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wieslaw Jedrychowski
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tzu-Jung Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily L Roen
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renata Majewska
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kieltyka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Mroz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Edwards S, Maxson P, Sandberg N, Miranda ML. Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6669-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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18
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Tang D, Li TY, Chow JC, Kulkarni SU, Watson JG, Ho SSH, Quan ZY, Qu LR, Perera F. Air pollution effects on fetal and child development: a cohort comparison in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 185:90-96. [PMID: 24239591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In Tongliang, China, a coal-fired power plant was the major pollution source until its shutdown in 2004. We enrolled two cohorts of nonsmoking women and their newborns before and after the shutdown to examine the relationship between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fetal and child growth and development. PAHs were used to measure exposure to air pollution generated by the power plant. Using PAH-DNA adduct levels as biomarkers for the biologically effective dose of PAH exposure, we examined whether PAH-DNA adduct levels were associated with birth outcome, growth rate, and neurodevelopment. Head circumference was greater in children of the second cohort, compared with the first (p = 0.001), consistent with significantly reduced levels of cord blood PAH-DNA adducts in cohort II (p < 0.001) and reduced levels of ambient PAHs (p = 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 701 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health.
| | - Ting Yu Li
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Judith C Chow
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Sanasi U Kulkarni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 701 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health
| | - John G Watson
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Chai Wan, China
| | | | - L R Qu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 701 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 701 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health
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19
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Weber D, Stuetz W, Bernhard W, Franz A, Raith M, Grune T, Breusing N. Oxidative stress markers and micronutrients in maternal and cord blood in relation to neonatal outcome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 68:215-22. [PMID: 24327121 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress and micronutrient deficiencies have been related to lower birth weight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA) offspring and preterm delivery. SUBJECTS/METHODS The relation between neonatal outcome (BW, head circumference, SGA, preterm delivery) with markers of oxidative stress and micronutrients in maternal and cord blood was to be examined. Oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls (PrCarb), 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA)), total protein concentration and lipid-soluble micronutrients (carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols) were measured in 200 newborns (11% preterms, 13% SGA) and 151 mothers. Associations between target parameters in cord plasma and maternal serum with BW, head circumference and risk of being SGA or preterm were explored. RESULTS Maternal protein concentration, PrCarb, MDA and all lipid-soluble micronutrients were significantly higher compared with newborns, except for 3NT, which was significantly elevated in newborns. Newborn parameters correlated positively with those of mothers. Preterms had lower proteins and retinol but higher PrCarb than terms. Maternal PrCarb and retinol were inversely associated with BW and head circumference. Mothers with PrCarb, MDA and retinol in the highest quintile had a 3.3-fold (0.9; 12.1), 2.1-fold (0.7; 6.4) and 3.3-fold (1.2; 9.4) risk, respectively, for delivering an SGA newborn, whereas the lowest quintile of retinol in cord blood was associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress (elevated PrCarb) was associated with lower BW/head circumference and SGA. Inadequate hemodilution may explain the inverse relation of maternal retinol with BW and head circumference, and the association between highest maternal retinol and risk for SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weber
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - W Stuetz
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - W Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Franz
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Raith
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Grune
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - N Breusing
- Department of Applied Nutritional Science/Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Lai JF, Franke AA. Analysis of circulating lipid-phase micronutrients in humans by HPLC: review and overview of new developments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 931:23-41. [PMID: 23770735 PMCID: PMC4439215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinol, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10, carotenoids, and vitamin D are lipophilic compounds shown to function as important health-protective agents by mitigating the damaging effects of oxidative and other injury. Scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years, particularly in the nutritional, clinical and epidemiologic fields, and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC-based assays since 2007 for the simultaneous determination of these lipid-phase compounds utilizing exclusively serum or plasma as these matrices are mostly used in clinical and epidemiological investigations. We also provide an overview of blood measurements for selected carotenoids, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10 and retinol from the last 15years of healthy umbilical cord blood, children, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Lai
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
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21
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Horton DK, Adetona O, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Cassidy BE, Pfeiffer CM, Schleicher RL, Caldwell KL, Needham LL, Rathbun SL, Vena JE, Naeher LP. Changes in the concentrations of biochemical indicators of diet and nutritional status of pregnant women across pregnancy trimesters in Trujillo, Peru, 2004-2005. Nutr J 2013; 12:80. [PMID: 23758715 PMCID: PMC3685542 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries, deficiencies in essential micronutrients are common, particularly in pregnant women. Although, biochemical indicators of diet and nutrition are useful to assess nutritional status, few studies have examined such indicators throughout pregnancy in women in developing countries. METHODS The primary objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of 78 Peruvian women throughout pregnancy for 16 different nutritional indicators including fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids, iron-status indicators, and selenium. Venous blood samples from which serum was prepared were collected during trimesters one (n = 78), two (n = 65), three (n = 62), and at term via the umbilical cord (n = 52). Questionnaires were completed to determine the demographic characteristics of subjects. Linear mixed effects models were used to study the associations between each maternal indicator and the demographic characteristics. RESULTS None of the women were vitamin A and E deficient at any stage of pregnancy and only 1/62 women (1.6%) was selenium deficient during the third trimester. However, 6.4%, 44% and 64% of women had ferritin levels indicative of iron deficiency during the first, second and third trimester, respectively. Statistically significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) throughout pregnancy were noted for 15/16 nutritional indicators for this Peruvian cohort, with little-to-no association with demographic characteristics. Three carotenoids (beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and trans-lycopene) were significantly associated with education status, while trans-lycopene was associated with age and beta-cryptoxanthin with SES (p < 0.05). Concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin and selenium were lower in cord serum compared with maternal serum (p < 0.05). Conversely, levels of iron status indicators (ferritin, transferrin saturation and iron) were higher in cord serum (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The increasing prevalence of iron deficiency throughout pregnancy in these Peruvian women was expected. It was surprising though not to find deficiencies in other nutrients. The results highlight the importance of continual monitoring of women throughout pregnancy for iron deficiency which could be caused by increasing fetal needs and/or inadequate iron intake as pregnancy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kevin Horton
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olorunfemi Adetona
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, 150 Environmental Health Science Bldg, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
| | | | - Brandon E Cassidy
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, 150 Environmental Health Science Bldg, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
| | - Christine M Pfeiffer
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Rosemary L Schleicher
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Kathleen L Caldwell
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Larry L Needham
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30341, USA
| | - Stephen L Rathbun
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, Athens, Georgia, 30602-7396, USA
| | - John E Vena
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, Athens, Georgia, 30602-7396, USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, 150 Environmental Health Science Bldg, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
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Christian P, Klemm R, Shamim AA, Ali H, Rashid M, Shaikh S, Wu L, Mehra S, Labrique A, Katz J, West KP. Effects of vitamin A and β-carotene supplementation on birth size and length of gestation in rural Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:188-94. [PMID: 23151532 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.042275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies may be related to poor fetal growth and short gestation. Few studies have investigated the contribution of maternal vitamin A deficiency to these outcomes. OBJECTIVE In rural northwestern Bangladesh, we examined the effects of weekly antenatal vitamin A and β-carotene supplementation on birth weight, length, circumferential body measures, and length of gestation. DESIGN With the use of a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial design, pregnant women were enrolled in the first trimester and began receiving their allocated supplements (vitamin A, β-carotene, or placebo) weekly until 3 mo postpartum. Birth anthropometric measures were made at home. RESULTS Of 13,709 newborns whose birth weight was measured within 72 h of birth, mean (±SD) weight was 2.44 ± 0.42 kg, the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) was 54.4%, and that of small-for-gestational age (SGA) was 70.5%. Birth weight, length, and chest, head, and arm circumferences did not differ between supplementation and placebo groups nor did rates of LBW and SGA. Mean gestational age at birth was 38.3 ± 2.9 wk, and 25.6% of births occurred before 37 wk. Neither gestational age nor preterm birth rate differed with vitamin A or β-carotene supplementation. CONCLUSIONS In this rural South Asian population with a high burden of LBW and preterm birth but modest levels of maternal vitamin A deficiency, antenatal vitamin A or β-carotene supplementation did not benefit these birth outcomes. Other nutritional and nonnutritional interventions should be examined to reduce risks of these adverse outcomes in rural South Asia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00198822.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Christian
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Beurskens LWJE, Tibboel D, Lindemans J, Duvekot JJ, Cohen-Overbeek TE, Veenma DCM, de Klein A, Greer JJ, Steegers-Theunissen RPM. Retinol status of newborn infants is associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatrics 2010; 126:712-20. [PMID: 20837596 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic analyses in humans suggest a role for retinoid-related genes in the pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The goal of this study was to investigate the vitamin A status of mothers and their newborns in association with CDH. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study with 22 case and 34 control mothers and their newborns. In maternal and cord blood samples, retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine crude and adjusted risk estimates. RESULTS Case newborns had significantly lower levels of retinol (0.60 vs 0.76 μmol/L; P=.003) and RBP (5.42 vs 7.11 mg/L; P=.02) than did control newborns. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower levels of retinol and RBP in association with CDH risk; the odds ratio for retinol levels of <15th percentile (<0.61 μmol/L) was 11.11 (95% confidence interval: 2.54-48.66; P=.001), and that for RBP levels of <15th percentile (<4.54 mg/L) was 4.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-15.99; P=.05). Retinol and RBP levels were not different between case and control mothers. CONCLUSIONS CDH is strongly associated with low retinol and RBP levels in newborns, independent of maternal retinol status. This is an important finding supporting the idea that human CDH is linked with abnormal retinoid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus W J E Beurskens
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Building Ee, Room 22-71a, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Enhanced circulating retinol and non-esterified fatty acids in pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restriction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 118:351-8. [PMID: 19656084 DOI: 10.1042/cs20090292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) increases the incidence of perinatal complications and, although several placental transport functions have been shown to be altered in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, the mechanism behind it is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors in maternal and cord blood plasma from normal and IUGR-complicated pregnancies associated with the body weight of newborns. At the time of Caesarean section, 24 women with IUGR pregnancies were compared with a group of 30 normal controls with AGA (appropriate gestational age) fetuses who were studied at Caesarean section, which took place 5 weeks later than IUGR pregnancies, and also to a group of 25 non-delivered gestational age-matched control pregnant women (AGA-35wk). Maternal plasma retinol, gamma- and alpha-tocopherol, NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids), and palmitic, palmitoleic, gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acids were higher in women with IUGR pregnancies than in AGA-35wk controls, whereas stearic and alpha-linolenic acids were lower. Smaller differences were found when comparing these variables for IUGR and AGA women. However, umbilical vein plasma gamma-tocopherol, cholesterol, triacylglycerols and NEFAs were higher in the IUGR group than in the AGA group, whereas arachidonic acid was lower. Maternal plasma retinol and NEFAs were the only variables negatively correlated with birthweight when multiple linear regressions were analysed. In conclusion, the increased levels of circulating retinol and NEFAs in maternal plasma are negatively associated with birth and placental weights, which may reflect an impaired placental transfer in IUGR pregnancies. As retinoids are involved in the control of gene transcription, it is proposed that a decrease in placental transfer of retinol could underlie the metabolic dysfunction of IUGR pregnancies.
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Kelvin EA, Edwards S, Jedrychowski W, Schleicher RL, Camann D, Tang D, Perera FP. Modulation of the effect of prenatal PAH exposure on PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood by plasma antioxidants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2262-8. [PMID: 19661084 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetus is more susceptible than the adult to the effects of certain carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Nutritional factors, including antioxidants, have been shown to have a protective effect on carcinogen-DNA adducts and cancer risk in adults. We investigated whether the effect of prenatal airborne PAH exposure, measured by personal air monitoring during pregnancy, on the level of PAH-DNA adducts in a baby's cord blood is modified by the concentration of micronutrients in maternal and cord blood. The micronutrients examined were: retinol (vitamin A), alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol (vitamin E), and carotenoids. With the use of multiple linear regression, we found a significant interaction between prenatal PAH exposure and cord blood concentration of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids in predicting the concentration of PAH adducts in cord blood. The association between PAH exposure and PAH adducts was much stronger among those with low alpha-tocopherol (beta = 0.15; P = 0.001) and among those with low carotenoids (beta = 0.16; P < 0.001) compared with babies with high levels of these micronutrients (among those with high alpha-tocopherol: beta = 0.05; P = 0.165; among those with high carotenoids: beta = 0.06; P = 0.111). These results suggest a protective effect of micronutrients on the DNA damage and potential cancer risk associated with prenatal PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kelvin
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Wang YZ, Ren WH, Liao WQ, Zhang GY. Concentrations of antioxidant vitamins in maternal and cord serum and their effect on birth outcomes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:1-8. [PMID: 19352057 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy could impair fetal growth and that antioxidant vitamins (e.g. vitamins A, E and C) have a significant role in maintaining physiological processes of pregnancy and growth. AIMS To determine the concentrations of vitamins A, E, and C in pair-matched maternal and cord serum samples of neonate, and thus to investigate the relationship between maternal serum levels of these vitamins at delivery and birth outcomes. METHODS A total of 143 mother-neonate pairs were recruited into the cross-sectional descriptive study. Demographic information was investigated by questionnaire. After delivery, both cord and maternal blood were collected for quantification of serum levels of vitamins A, E and C by HPLC. RESULTS Maternal serum levels of vitamins A and E were significantly higher than those in cord serum. In contrast, vitamin C level in cord serum was significantly higher than that in maternal serum. Further, we found that maternal vitamin A status was significantly correlated to both birth weight (r=0.19, p=0.0419) and birth height (r=0.21, p=0.0311), and these were manifested by these findings: (i) per 250.2 g reduction in birth weight concomitant with 1 micromol/L increase in maternal serum vitamin A level (p<0.01; 95% CI: 56.9-451.5); and (ii) per 1% increase in the ratio of serum vitamin A level of neonate to mother concomitant with 0.8 cm increase in birth height (p=0.049; 95% CI: 0.004-1.639). CONCLUSION Maternal vitamin A, but not vitamins E and C, during pregnancy had a significant effect on birth outcomes. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of these antioxidant vitamins in fetal growth at various gestation stages.
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Ay L, Kruithof CJ, Bakker R, Steegers EAP, Witteman JCM, Moll HA, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Jaddoe VWV. Maternal anthropometrics are associated with fetal size in different periods of pregnancy and at birth. The Generation R Study. BJOG 2009; 116:953-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramón R, Ballester F, Iñiguez C, Rebagliato M, Murcia M, Esplugues A, Marco A, García de la Hera M, Vioque J. Vegetable but not fruit intake during pregnancy is associated with newborn anthropometric measures. J Nutr 2009; 139:561-7. [PMID: 19158218 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.095596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between consumption of fruit and vegetables during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in a general population mother-infant cohort in Valencia, Spain. A total of 787 infants born between May 2004 and February 2006 were included. Fruit and vegetable consumption during pregnancy was assessed by a FFQ administered using an in-person interview. We used multiple linear regression to assess associations between fruit and vegetable intake (in quintiles) and birth weight and length adjusted for sex and gestational age, and logistic regression to assess being small for gestational age (SGA) in weight and SGA in length, defined as adjusted birth weight or length below the 10th percentile. A linear relationship was found between vegetable consumption and having a SGA (weight) and SGA (length) baby. Women in the lowest quintile of vegetable intake during the first trimester had a higher odds of having a SGA (weight) baby than women in the highest quintile [odds ratio (OR), 3.7; 95% CI: 1.5-8.9; P-trend < 0.001] and had a higher odds of having an SGA (length) baby in the third trimester (OR, 5.5; 95% CI: 1.7-17.7; P-trend = 0.04) in multivariate analysis. We found a nonmonotonic relationship between adjusted birth weight and length and vegetable consumption during the first trimester; newborns in the 2 lowest quintiles of intake had a significantly lower weight and length than those in the 4th quintile. There was no association between fruit consumption and birth outcomes. Our findings indicate that vegetable consumption throughout pregnancy may have a beneficial effect on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ramón
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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