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Zhai W, Zhao A, Wei C, Xu Y, Cui X, Zhang Y, Meng L, Sun L. Undetected Association Between Fatty Acids and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1083-1097. [PMID: 38995791 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Although observational studies indicated connections between fatty acids (FAs) and Alzheimer's disease and dementia, uncertainty persists regarding how these relationships extend to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Objective To explore the potential causal relationships between FAs and the development of DLB, thus clarifying these associations using genetic instruments to infer causality. Methods We applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) approach. Genetic data were obtained from a DLB cohort, comprising 2,591 cases and 4,027 controls of European descent. Eight FAs, including linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid, and total fatty acid, were procured from a comprehensive GWAS of metabolic biomarkers of UK Biobank, conducted by Nightingale Health in 2020 (met-d), involving 114,999 individuals. Our analysis included inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted-median, simple mode, and weighted-mode MR estimates. Cochran's Q-statistics, MR-PRESSO, and MR-Egger intercept test were used to quantify the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables. Results Only linoleic acid showed a significant genetic association with the risk of developing DLB in the univariate MR. The odds ratio for linoleic acid was 1.337 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.019-1.756 (pIVW = 0.036). Results from the MVMR showed that no FAs were associated with the incidence of DLB. Conclusions The results did not support the hypothesis that FAs could reduce the risk of developing DLB. However, elucidating the relationship between FAs and DLB risk holds potential implications for informing dietary recommendations and therapeutic approaches in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhai
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Anguo Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinran Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fan L, Borenstein AR, Wang S, Nho K, Zhu X, Wen W, Huang X, Mortimer JA, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Associations of circulating saturated long-chain fatty acids with risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104818. [PMID: 37793213 PMCID: PMC10562835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has examined the associations between peripheral saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to examine whether circulating saturated LCFAs are associated with both risks of incident MCI from cognitively normal (CN) participants and incident AD progressed from MCI in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. METHODS We conducted analysis of data from older adults aged 55-90 years who were recruited at 63 sites across the USA and Canada. We examined associations between circulating saturated LCFAs (i.e., C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0) and risk for incident MCI in CN participants, and incident AD progressed from MCI. FINDINGS 829 participants who were enrolled in ADNI-1 had data on plasma saturated LCFAs, of which 618 AD-free participants were included in our analysis (226 with normal cognition and 392 with MCI; 60.2% were men). Cox proportional-hazards models were used to account for time-to-event/censor with a 48-month follow-up period for the primary analysis. Other than C20:0, saturated LCFAs were associated with an increased risk for AD among participants with MCI at baseline (Hazard ratios (HRs) = 1.3 to 2.2, P = 0.0005 to 0.003 in fully-adjusted models). No association of C20:0 with risk of AD among participants with MCI was observed. No associations were observed between saturated LCFAs and risk for MCI among participants with normal cognition. INTERPRETATION Saturated LCFAs are associated with increased risk of progressing from MCI to AD. This finding holds the potential to facilitate precision prevention of AD among patients with MCI. FUNDING National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amy R Borenstein
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sophia Wang
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James A Mortimer
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Jiang J, Shi H, Jiang S, Wang A, Zou X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Sun M, Ren Q, Xu J. Nutrition in Alzheimer's disease: a review of an underappreciated pathophysiological mechanism. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2257-2279. [PMID: 37058185 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older individuals and is an escalating challenge to global public health. Pharmacy therapy of AD is one of the well-funded areas; however, little progress has been made due to the complex pathogenesis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that modifying risk factors and lifestyle may prevent or delay the incidence of AD by 40%, which suggests that the management should pivot from single pharmacotherapy toward a multipronged approach because AD is a complex and multifaceted disease. Recently, the gut-microbiota-brain axis has gained tremendous traction in the pathogenesis of AD through bidirectional communication with multiple neural, immune, and metabolic pathways, providing new insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Dietary nutrition is an important and profound environmental factor that influences the composition and function of the microbiota. The Nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group recently found that dietary nutrition can affect cognition in AD-related dementia directly or indirectly through complex interactions of behavioral, genetic, systemic, and brain factors. Thus, considering the multiple etiologies of AD, nutrition represents a multidimensional factor that has a profound effect on AD onset and development. However, mechanistically, the effect of nutrition on AD is uncertain; therefore, optimal strategies or the timing of nutritional intervention to prevent or treat AD has not been established.Thus, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning nutritional disorders, AD patient and caregiver burden, and the roles of nutrition in the pathophysiology of AD. We aim to emphasize knowledge gaps to provide direction for future research and to establish optimal nutrition-based intervention strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shirui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mengfan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qiwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Lee SL, Deo P, Fenech M. Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Profiles Are Significantly Altered in South Australian Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Cases Compared to Matched Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14164. [PMID: 37762467 PMCID: PMC10531649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional imbalances have been associated with a higher risk for cognitive impairment. This study determined the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile of newly diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to age and gender-matched controls. There was a significant increase in palmitic acid (p < 0.00001) for both MCI and AD groups. Saturated fatty acids were significantly elevated in the MCI group, including stearic acid (p = 0.0001), arachidic acid (p = 0.003), behenic acid (p = 0.0002), tricosanoic acid (p = 0.007) and lignoceric acid (p = 0.001). n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly reduced in MCI, including linoleic acid (p = 0.001), γ-linolenic acid (p = 0.03), eicosatrienoic acid (p = 0.009) and arachidonic acid (p < 0.00004). The n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were both significantly reduced in MCI and AD (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.00003). A positive correlation was evident between the Mini-Mental State Examination score and nervonic acid in MCI (r = 0.54, p = 0.01) and a negative correlation with γ-linolenic acid in AD (r = -0.43, p = 0.05). Differences in fatty acid profiles may prove useful as potential biomarkers reflecting increased risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S. Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (P.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Sau L. Lee
- College of Medical and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia;
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (P.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (P.D.); (M.F.)
- Genome Health Foundation, Adelaide 5048, Australia
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Otoki Y, Yu D, Shen Q, Sahlas DJ, Ramirez J, Gao F, Masellis M, Swartz RH, Chan PC, Pettersen JA, Kato S, Nakagawa K, Black SE, Swardfager W, Taha AY. Quantitative Lipidomic Analysis of Serum Phospholipids Reveals Dissociable Markers of Alzheimer's Disease and Subcortical Cerebrovascular Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:665-682. [PMID: 37092220 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating phospholipid species have been shown to predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) prognosis but the link between phospholipid disturbances and subcortical small vessel cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) common in AD patients is not known. OBJECTIVE This study used quantitative lipidomics to measure serum diacyl, alkenyl (ether), alkyl, and lyso phospholipid species in individuals with extensive CeVD (n = 29), AD with minimal CeVD (n = 16), and AD with extensive CeVD (n = 14), and compared them to age-matched controls (n = 27). Memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test. 3.0T MRI was used to assess hippocampal volume, atrophy, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes as manifestations of CeVD. RESULTS AD was associated with significantly higher concentrations of choline plasmalogen 18:0_18:1 and alkyl-phosphocholine 18:1. CeVD was associated with significantly lower lysophospholipids containing 16:0. Phospholipids containing arachidonic acid (AA) were associated with poorer memory in controls, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing phospholipids were associated with better memory in individuals with AD+CeVD. In controls, DHA-containing phospholipids were associated with more atrophy and phospholipids containing linoleic acid and AA were associated with less atrophy. Lysophospholipids containing 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 were correlated with less atrophy in controls, and of these, alkyl-phosphocholine 18:1 was correlated with smaller WMH volumes. Conversely, 16:0_18:1 choline plasmalogen was correlated with greater WMH volumes in controls. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates discernable differences in circulating phospholipids in individuals with AD and CeVD, as well as new associations between phospholipid species with memory and brain structure that were specific to contexts of commonly comorbid vascular and neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Otoki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Di Yu
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Demetrios J Sahlas
- Department of Medicine (Neurology Division), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology Division) and the Northern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pak Cheung Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Pettersen
- Department of Medicine (Neurology Division) and the Northern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shunji Kato
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sandra E Black
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology Division), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Reprint of: Dietary fat and fatty foods in the prevention of non-communicable diseases: A review of the evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dietary fat and fatty foods in the prevention of non-communicable diseases: A review of the evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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