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Yang Y, Chen C, Zheng B, Fan L, Chen X, Hu M. Pure white cell aplasia before and after thymectomy in the rare conundrum of thymoma: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36920. [PMID: 38241556 PMCID: PMC10798751 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs in patients with thymomas. Currently, the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease remain in the exploratory stage. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a 68-year-old woman with thymoma experienced PWCA involvement as her first presentation. The patient had high fever and agranulocytosis at the onset of the disease. The white blood cell count in the complete blood count was 1.9 × 109/L with a neutrophil of 0.1 × 109/L. The bone marrow aspirates showed decreased granulocyte proliferation. Computed tomography showed a large mass in the anterior mediastinum. DIAGNOSES The final diagnosis of our patient was PWCA and thymoma. INTERVENTIONS She underwent a thymectomy and cyclosporine A administration during first remission. OUTCOMES Long-term remission was achieved following the readministration of cyclosporine A after the disease recurrence. LESSONS PWCA or agranulocytosis with thymoma has been confirmed to be an extremely rare disease. Thymomas with PWCA correlate with autoimmunity. From this case study and the literature review, we concluded that the pathogenesis of thymomas in PWCA is mainly related to the activation of autoreactive T cells. Thymectomy and the immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporine A, were chosen for treatment. The patient's granulocyte levels were unable to recover after surgery because of the inability to promptly clear activated T cells. After surgery, cyclosporine A continued to take for a long time. Thymectomy combined with prolonged cyclosporine A administration may be an effective method for treating this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingrong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Fan
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiajun Chen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiwei Hu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pure White Cell Aplasia and Immune Thrombocytopenia after Thymoma Resection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Hematol 2022; 2022:8271069. [PMID: 35360458 PMCID: PMC8964212 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8271069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) postthymoma resection in a 74-year-old male presenting with a 2-week history of fevers, night sweats, and severe febrile neutropenia. His pure white cell aplasia was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), prednisone, and cyclosporine with a mixed response. He also developed immune thrombocytopenia, which responded well to a short course of eltrombopag. With continued cyclosporine treatment, his platelet counts were stable after stopping eltrombopag. The patient's cyclosporine treatment was complicated by renal failure, resulting in cessation of cyclosporine. His PWCA and immune thrombocytopenia significantly worsened after stopping cyclosporine, and unfortunately, he died from multiorgan failure and sepsis.
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Complete remission of pure white cell aplasia associated with thymoma after thymectomy and cyclosporine administration. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:346-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-02573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Becker H, Auman K, Claus R, von Bubnoff N, Sachs UJ, Waller CF. Sunitinib in the Treatment of Thymoma and Associated Autoimmune Neutropenia. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1:1-7. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Becker
- Heiko Becker, Konrad Auman, Rainer Claus, Nikolas von Bubnoff, and Cornelius F. Waller, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; and Ulrich J. Sachs, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Konrad Auman
- Heiko Becker, Konrad Auman, Rainer Claus, Nikolas von Bubnoff, and Cornelius F. Waller, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; and Ulrich J. Sachs, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Heiko Becker, Konrad Auman, Rainer Claus, Nikolas von Bubnoff, and Cornelius F. Waller, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; and Ulrich J. Sachs, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Heiko Becker, Konrad Auman, Rainer Claus, Nikolas von Bubnoff, and Cornelius F. Waller, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; and Ulrich J. Sachs, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich J. Sachs
- Heiko Becker, Konrad Auman, Rainer Claus, Nikolas von Bubnoff, and Cornelius F. Waller, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; and Ulrich J. Sachs, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cornelius F. Waller
- Heiko Becker, Konrad Auman, Rainer Claus, Nikolas von Bubnoff, and Cornelius F. Waller, University of Freiburg, Freiburg; and Ulrich J. Sachs, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Pure White Cell Aplasia and Necrotizing Myositis. Case Rep Hematol 2016; 2016:4161679. [PMID: 27073704 PMCID: PMC4814688 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4161679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the absence of neutrophil lineages in the bone marrow with intact megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis. PWCA has been associated with autoimmune, drug-induced, and viral exposures. Here, we report a case of a 74-year-old female who presented with severe proximal weakness without pain and was found to have PWCA with nonspecific inflammatory necrotizing myositis and acute liver injury on biopsies. These findings were associated with a recent course of azithromycin and her daily use of a statin. Myositis improved on prednisone but PWCA persisted. With intravenous immunoglobulin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor therapies, her symptoms and neutrophil counts improved and were sustained for months.
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Bernard C, Frih H, Pasquet F, Kerever S, Jamilloux Y, Tronc F, Guibert B, Isaac S, Devouassoux M, Chalabreysse L, Broussolle C, Petiot P, Girard N, Sève P. Thymoma associated with autoimmune diseases: 85 cases and literature review. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keast T, Weeraman D, Mayhead P, Grace R, Mathe S. Pure white cell aplasia: report of first case associated with autoimmune hepatitis. Frontline Gastroenterol 2014; 5:287-290. [PMID: 28839785 PMCID: PMC5369740 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2013-100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) is a rare, immune-mediated condition that causes a profound inhibition of myelopoiesis. It has been seen in association with other autoimmune conditions, thymomas, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and as an adverse drug reaction. We report what we believe to be the first case of PWCA associated with autoimmune hepatitis. An 18-year-old woman presented with jaundice and was found to be suffering from acute hepatitis. Later she became neutropenic and lymphopenic. Liver biopsy was indicative of autoimmune hepatitis. This was later confirmed by autoantibody results. Bone marrow aspirate found an absence of all myeloid progenitor cells, highly suggestive of PWCA. The low white cell count only improved after immunosuppression with corticosteroids. Her condition remains stable 1 year later with azathioprine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Keast
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | | | - Phil Mayhead
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Richard Grace
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
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Akinosoglou K, Melachrinou M, Siagris D, Koletsis E, Marangos M, Gogos CA, Solomou EE. Good's syndrome and pure white cell aplasia complicated by cryptococcus infection: A case report and review of the literature. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:283-8. [PMID: 24627080 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thymomas can present with a variety of paraneoplastic manifestations, mostly of autoimmune origin, including Good's syndrome when there is associated hypogammaglobulinemia. Although pure red cell aplasia is a recognised complication of thymoma, selective white cell aplasia is very rare, particularly in Good's syndrome. Lethal opportunistic infections are a feature of Good's syndrome, usually occurring in those patients with associated severe T lymphocyte defects. Although the cryptococcus is a recognised fungal pathogen in patients with other causes of CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, surprisingly this complication has not been reported in patients with Good's syndrome. We now describe a 70 year old man with Good's syndrome and pure white cell aplasia who presented with disseminated cryptococcosis, and provide an up-to-date review of the relevant literature. Despite meningeal involvement our patient recovered after combined treatment with intravenous globulin, granulocyte stimulating growth, corticosteroids and antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akinosoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine, 5th floor, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece,
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Kelesidis T, Yang O. Good's syndrome remains a mystery after 55 years: A systematic review of the scientific evidence. Clin Immunol 2010; 135:347-63. [PMID: 20149753 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Good syndrome (GS) is a rare association of thymoma and immunodeficiency first described more than 50 years ago. However, this syndrome still remains a mystery to clinicians. We systematically reviewed all the clinical, laboratory and immunologic findings from 152 patients with Good syndrome. The syndrome has a worldwide distribution and approximately half of the cases (47%) have been described in Europe. The diagnosis of thymoma preceded the diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, or diarrhea in 42% of patients whereas in 38% of patients the diagnoses were made almost simultaneously within 2 months of each other. We found significant mortality in patients with this syndrome (44.5%). Astute clinical acumen and increased awareness about the clinical and immunological profile of this syndrome may increase early recognition of this syndrome and prevent mortality. Further studies are needed to elucidate this clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Tamura H, Okamoto M, Yamashita T, Sato C, Watanabe A, Kondo A, Tatsuguchi A, Tsuji T, Ogata K, Dan K. Pure white cell aplasia: report of the first case associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Int J Hematol 2007; 85:97-100. [PMID: 17321984 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.06018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by agranulocytosis, a lack of virtually all neutrophil-lineage cells (from neutrophils to myeloblasts) in the bone marrow, and normal erythropoiesis and megakaryocy-topoiesis. We report the first case of PWCA that developed in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). An 83-year-old woman, who had had an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level and shown positivity for serum antimitochondrial antibodies for 10 years, was referred to us because of a perianal abscess. She had severe neutropenia, and her bone marrow showed typical findings of PWCA. Although methylprednisolone pulse therapy induced complete neutrophil recovery, this effect was transient. She died of infection, and the autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PBC. In vitro investigations showed that factors inhibitory to normal CD34 cell-derived granulopoiesis were present in the patient's serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Tamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Coppo P, Ghez D, Fuentes V, Bengoufa D, Oksenhendler E, Tribout B, Clauvel JP, Lassoued K. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated neutropenia. Eur J Intern Med 2004; 15:451-459. [PMID: 15581750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) can be associated with various disorders. However, their association with neutropenia has never been reported. METHODS: Nine patients with chronic unexplained neutropenia and ANCA were studied. Clinical charts were extensively analyzed and all patients underwent hematological and immunological investigations. RESULTS: All patients (6 women and 3 men) were Caucasian and had a mean age of 49 years (range 16-67 years). All presented with a neutropenia below 1.5x10(9)/L for more than 6 months. The neutropenia was <0.5x10(9)/L in six cases and moderate in three. There was no evidence of toxic- or drug-related neutropenia or of a hematological malignancy. Autoimmune anemia and/or thrombocytopenia were present in five patients. ANCA, with various specificities, were present in all patients. ANCA were associated with various other autoantibodies in eight patients, including antisurface-neutrophil antibodies in three cases. Four of the six patients with severe neutropenia experienced infections. Five patients were treated with hematopoietic growth factors, steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, splenectomy, methotrexate and/or cyclophosphamide, allowing the neutrophil count to be restored transiently or permanently. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of patients with neutropenia of possible autoimmune origin may develop ANCA. Their detection would provide strong evidence of an autoimmune mechanism. Neutropenia should be added to the list of ANCA-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Coppo
- Service d'Immuno-Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris
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12
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Fumeaux Z, Beris P, Borisch B, Sarasin FP, Roosnek E, Dayer JM, Chizzolini C. Complete remission of pure white cell aplasia associated with thymoma, autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70:186-9. [PMID: 12605664 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) is a rare disorder of unknown origin, often associated with thymoma, characterized by selective neutropenia or pure agranulocytosis, and absence of granulocyte precursors in the bone marrow, but with normal erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. We report a case of PWCA associated with thymoma. Unusual findings in this case report included simultaneous presence of autoimmune thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes, anti-striated muscle antibodies, and the presence in the peripheral blood of CD8+ T cells that expressed a homogeneous naive phenotype. Neutrophil count became normal on immunosuppressive therapy after thymectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Fumeaux
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Grumbeck E, Aiginger P, Gisslinger B, Geissler K, Thalhammer-Scherrer R, Gisslinger H. Macrocytic anemia and thrombocytosis associated with thymoma: a case report. Am J Hematol 2000; 63:38-41. [PMID: 10602167 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(200001)63:1<38::aid-ajh9>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thymomas are often associated with autoimmune disorders. We report on a 45-year-old female patient with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia (Good's syndrome) who developed symptomatic macrocytic anemia (Hb 4.4 g/dl, MCV 112 fl) and thrombocytosis (Plt 442 G/l). Besides hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG 589 mg/dl), an inverted ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) cells was seen. The bone marrow biopsy showed a slightly hypercellular bone marrow with normal granulopoiesis, normal megakaryopoiesis and a mild dyserythropoiesis without any ring-sideroblasts. The in-vitro stem cell culture from the bone marrow revealed an atypical growth of macroclusters, reduced BFU-E and CFU-GEMM colony growth, whereas the CFU-GM colony growth was within the normal range. The chromosomal analysis showed a normal karyotype. The plasma vitamin B(12) and folate levels were within normal ranges, and we could not detect any autoantibodies. These findings excluded the differential diagnoses pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and pernicious anemia. After resection of the thymoma of mixed cell type, the macrocytic anemia and thrombocytosis disappeared. The clinical course was complicated by a cerebral palsy and a life-threatening fungal septicemia after surgery. In the third year after thymectomy, hyporegenerative macrocytic anemia and thrombocytosis reappeared and an immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg BW) was started. After initiation of the prednisolone therapy, reticulocyte counts increased and macrocytic anemia as well as thrombocytosis disappeared. The normalization of these laboratory parameters during glucocorticoid therapy suggests that in rare cases the constellation of macrocytic anemia, thrombocytosis and hypogammaglobulinemia may be due to an underlying immunologic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grumbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Crawford WW, Yusin JS, Klaustermeyer WB. Nonsurgical regression of thymoma following corticosteroid/azathioprine therapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999; 83:13-6. [PMID: 10437809 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W W Crawford
- Allergy and Immunology Section, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, and UCLA, California, USA
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Kobayashi M, Hasegawa T, Iwabuchi S, Fukushima M, Koie H, Kannari K. The effect of thymectomy on myasthenia gravis, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia associated with thymoma: report of a case. Surg Today 1995; 25:1061-5. [PMID: 8645943 DOI: 10.1007/bf00311695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with thymoma who developed myasthenia gravis, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia, simultaneously, the concurrent association of these four disorders being extremely rare. Thymectomy was performed, and, during the post-thymectomy course, there were surprising findings concerning the recovery of not only the myasthenia gravis but also of the hematologic disorders. Immediately after thymectomy, the myasthenic symptoms completely disappeared, and the granulocyte and platelet counts recovered to within the normal range within a few days. The laboratory data revealed no difference between pre- and post-thymectomy in the release of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor; TNF, interleukin; IL-2, and IL-6), anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody, or platelet-associated IgG. On the other hand, the serum level of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), against the myeloperoxidase of the granulocytes was dramatically decreased, after thymectomy, showing a significant correlation with the granulocyte count. According to our survey of the literature, this is the first report to show that the removal of a thymoma led to the dramatic resolution not only of myasthenia gravis but also of other associated diseases. It is possible that p-ANCA may be regulated by thymoma, thus causing severe granulocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kobayashi
- First Department of Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
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Postiglione K, Ferris R, Jaffe JP, Stroncek D. Immune mediated agranulocytosis and anemia associated with thymoma. Am J Hematol 1995; 49:336-40. [PMID: 7639279 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830490412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thymoma has been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders. We report a case of agranulocytosis and anemia in a 68-year-old woman with a spindle cell thymoma. She was unresponsive to treatment with antibiotics, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), prednisone, and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Serial bone marrow examinations on this therapy showed progression from a cellular marrow with mild myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia and lymphocytosis, to granulocyte aplasia and severe erythroid hypoplasia. Her serum contained granulocyte-specific antibodies and inhibited the growth in culture of her own marrow cells and marrow cells from a normal donor. An IgG fraction from her serum also inhibited the growth of marrow cells. Although the patient's spindle cell thymoma was surgically removed, she remained neutropenic. She was treated with six plasma exchanges followed by 1,000 milligrams of intravenous cyclophosphamide 2 days after the final plasma exchange and daily G-CSF. Three weeks later her peripheral blood showed marked leukocytosis with pronounced neutrophilia and a left shift. Although her agranulocytosis resolved, she died of fungal sepsis. This case demonstrates that aggressive plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy may benefit patients with agranulocytosis associated with thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Postiglione
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- F Al-Mohareb
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dayton
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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