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Santos-Sanchez V, Córdoba-Doña JA, García-Pérez J, Escolar-Pujolar A, Pozzi L, Ramis R. Industrial pollution and mortality from digestive cancers at the small area level in a Spanish industrialized province. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2020; 15. [PMID: 32575970 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2020.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The province of Cadiz, Spain, is a highly industrialized area with numerous registered industrial plants, which has led to major concern regarding the possible influence of these facilities on the high rate of cancer-related mortality observed. Our objective was to evaluate the association between digestive cancer mortality and proximity to industrial installations in the province of Cadiz over the period 1992-2014 and to analyse this risk according to different categories of carcinogenic substances. An ecological study at the census tract level was carried out. Mortality due to digestive cancer (involving the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, colon and rectum) was analysed. Using the spatial Besag, York and Mollié (BYM) approach, we assessed the relative risk of dying from these cancers for people living between 500 m and 5 km from industrial installations. The models were adjusted to account for socioeconomic deprivation. We detected a significant, excess risk of dying due to cancer in the following organs (expressed as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals): colon/rectum (1.13; 1.04-1.22 at 4 km), stomach (1.13; 1.00-1.29 at 2 km), liver (1.28; 1.02-1.61 at 1 km), pancreas (1.19; 1.03-1.39 at 2 km), oral and pharyngeal (1.40; 1.08-1.82 at 1 km), oesophagus (2.05; 1.18-3.56 at 500 m) and gallbladder (2.80; 1.14-6.89 at 500 m) for men; and from colorectal (1.21; 1.00-1.46 at 1 km), stomach (1.15; 1.01-1.31 at 4 km) and liver (1.58; 1.20- 2.07 at 1 km) cancers for women. The results support the hypothesis of an association between several digestive cancers and proximity to polluting industrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Antonio Córdoba-Doña
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Jerez University Hospital, Jerez de la Frontera.
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP).
| | | | - Lucia Pozzi
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Sassari.
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP).
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Walasa WM, Carey RN, Si S, Fritschi L, Heyworth JS, Fernandez RC, Boyle T. Association between shiftwork and the risk of colorectal cancer in females: a population-based case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:344-350. [PMID: 29438001 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates that shiftwork may be associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes, including some cancers. However, the evidence of an association between shiftwork and colorectal cancer risk is limited and inconclusive. Further, while several possible pathways through which shiftwork might result in cancer have been proposed, few studies have taken these factors into account. We investigated the association between two types of shiftwork (graveyard shiftwork and early-morning shiftwork) and six mechanistic shiftwork variables (including light at night and phase shift) and the risk of colorectal cancer among females in an Australian population-based case-control study. Graveyard shiftwork was the primary exposure of interest. METHODS Participants (350 cases and 410 controls) completed a lifetime occupational history, and exposure to each of the eight shiftwork variables was assigned to participants through a job exposure matrix. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between different shiftwork variables and the risk of colorectal cancer, adjusting for potential demographic, lifestyle and medical confounders. RESULTS Working in an occupation involving long-term exposure (>7.5 years) to graveyard shiftwork was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (adjusted OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.58). Similarly, no increased risks of colorectal cancer were seen for any of the other seven shiftwork variables examined. CONCLUSIONS No evidence of an increased risk of colorectal cancer among females who had worked in occupations involving shiftwork was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Mwenga Walasa
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Renee N Carey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Si Si
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jane S Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Renae C Fernandez
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Bianchi C, Bianchi T, Ramani L. Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleuraand Other Malignancies in the Same Patient. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 93:19-22. [PMID: 17455866 DOI: 10.1177/030089160709300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The co-existence of mesothelioma, mostly asbestos-related, and other primary malignancies has repeatedly been reported. The present study evaluated the frequency of such an occurrence. Methods In the period October 1979-June 2002, 215 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma were diagnosed at the Hospital of Monfalcone, Italy. All the cases of the above series, examined at necropsy (169), were included in the study. Occupational histories had been obtained from the patients or from their relatives by personal or telephone interviews. In 132 cases, asbestos bodies were isolated after chemical digestion of lung samples. The thoracic cavities were examined for pleural plaques. Results Additional malignancies were observed in 32 cases (18.9%). Multiple tumors were synchronous in 22 cases, metachronous in 8 cases, and synchronous and metachronous in 2. Four different tumors were found in 2 cases, 3 malignancies were detected in 6 patients, and 2 malignancies in the remaining 24. The most frequent additional malignancies were prostate adenocarcinoma (7 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (5 cases), bladder carcinoma (4 cases), kidney carcinoma (4 cases), large bowel carcinoma (4 cases), and liver cell carcinoma (4 cases). All the patients had histories of exposure to asbestos, mostly in shipbuilding. Lung asbestos body burdens ranged between 60 and 230,000 per gram of dried tissue. Pleural plaques were found in 26 cases. Conclusions In contrast with other series of the literature, in the present cases the co-existence of mesothelioma and other malignancies appeared as a relatively frequent event. The lack of a control group does not allow definite conclusions about the meaning of the occurrence. However, the co-existence of certain tumors with asbestos-related mesothelioma suggests that mesothelioma and associated malignancies might share some etiologic factors (asbestos and others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bianchi
- Center for the Study of Environmental Cancer, Italian League against Cancer, Monfalcone, Gorizia, Italy.
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El-Zaemey S, Anand TN, Heyworth JS, Boyle T, van Tongeren M, Fritschi L. Case–control study to assess the association between colorectal cancer and selected occupational agents using INTEROCC job exposure matrix. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:290-295. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the world and is twice as common in developed countries when compared with low-income and middle-income countries. Few occupational risk factors for colorectal cancer have been identified. This case–control study aimed to assess the association between colorectal cancer and occupational exposure to selected solvents, combustion products, metals, dusts and other agents.MethodsCases (n=918) were enrolled from the Western Australian Cancer Registry from June 2005 to August 2007. Controls (n=1021) were randomly selected from the Western Australian electoral roll. We collected lifetime occupational history from cases and controls, in addition to their demographic and lifestyle characteristics. We applied the INTEROCC job exposure matrix to convert the occupational history to occupational exposure for 18 selected agents. Three exposure indices were developed: (1) exposed versus non-exposed; (2) lifetime cumulative exposure; and (3) total duration of exposure. The associations between colorectal cancer and the selected agents were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for sex and age.ResultsNone of the 18 selected agents showed an association with colorectal cancer. No dose–response relationships with lifetime cumulative exposure or duration of exposure were observed.ConclusionThere was no evidence to suggest that occupational exposure to 18 selected agents increased the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Paris C, Thaon I, Hérin F, Clin B, Lacourt A, Luc A, Coureau G, Brochard P, Chamming’s S, Gislard A, Galan P, Hercberg S, Wild P, Pairon JC, Andujar P. Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in French Men: The Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort (ARDCo-Nut). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:409-415. [PMID: 27517294 PMCID: PMC5332175 DOI: 10.1289/ehp153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer remain controversial. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer incidence. METHODS Volunteer retired workers previously exposed to asbestos were invited to participate in the French ARDCo screening program between 2003 and 2005. Additional data on risk factors for colorectal cancer were collected from the ARDCo-Nut subsample of 3,769 participants in 2011. Cases of colon and rectal cancer were ascertained each year through 2014 based on eligibility for free medical care following a cancer diagnosis. Survival regression based on the Cox model was used to estimate the relative risk of colon and rectal cancer separately, in relation to the time since first exposure (TSFE) and cumulative exposure index (CEI) to asbestos, and with adjustment for smoking in the overall cohort and for smoking, and certain risk factors for these cancers in the ARDCo-Nut subsample. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 10.2 years among 14,515 men, including 181 colon cancer and 62 rectal cancer cases (41 and 17, respectively, in the ARDCo-Nut subsample). In the overall cohort, after adjusting for smoking, colon cancer was significantly associated with cumulative exposure (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26 for a 1-unit increase in ln-CEI) and ≥ 20-40 years since first exposure (HR = 4.67; 95% CI: 1.92, 11.46 vs. 0-20 years TSFE), and inversely associated with 60 years TSFE (HR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.70). Although rectal cancer was also associated with TSFE 20-40 years (HR = 4.57; 95% CI: 1.14, 18.27), it was not associated with ln-CEI, but these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide support for an association between occupational exposure to asbestos and colon cancer incidence in men. Citation: Paris C, Thaon I, Hérin F, Clin B, Lacourt A, Luc A, Coureau G, Brochard P, Chamming's S, Gislard A, Galan P, Hercberg S, Wild P, Pairon JC, Andujar P. 2017. Occupational asbestos exposure and incidence of colon and rectal cancers in French men: the Asbestos-Related Diseases Cohort (ARDCo-Nut). Environ Health Perspect 125:409-415; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP153.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Paris
- EA7298 INGRES (Interactions gènes-risques environnementaux et effets sur la santé), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
- CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Nancy, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Thaon
- EA7298 INGRES (Interactions gènes-risques environnementaux et effets sur la santé), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
- CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Nancy, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Fabrice Hérin
- UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1027, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benedicte Clin
- INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1086, Cancers et Populations, Caen, France
| | - Aude Lacourt
- Université Segalen, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM 1219, EPICENE (Epidémiologie du cancer et expositions environnementales), Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Luc
- EA7298 INGRES (Interactions gènes-risques environnementaux et effets sur la santé), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Gaelle Coureau
- Université Segalen, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM 1219, EPICENE (Epidémiologie du cancer et expositions environnementales), Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- Université Segalen, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM 1219, EPICENE (Epidémiologie du cancer et expositions environnementales), Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Soizick Chamming’s
- IIMTPIF (Institut Interuniversitaire de Médecine du Travail de Paris Ile de France), Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Gislard
- CHU Rouen, Service de Pathologie professionnelle, Rouen, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- INSERM U1153, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- INSERM U1153, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Pascal Wild
- INRS (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), Direction scientifique, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- Institut Santé Travail Paris-Est, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, DHU A-TVB (Ageing-Thorax-Vessels-Blood), CHI Créteil (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil), Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Andujar
- Institut Santé Travail Paris-Est, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, DHU A-TVB (Ageing-Thorax-Vessels-Blood), CHI Créteil (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil), Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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Boulanger M, Morlais F, Bouvier V, Galateau-Salle F, Guittet L, Marquignon MF, Paris C, Raffaelli C, Launoy G, Clin B. Digestive cancers and occupational asbestos exposure: incidence study in a cohort of asbestos plant workers. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:792-7. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bajerová P, Adam M, Bajer T, Ventura K. Comparison of various techniques for the extraction and determination of antioxidants in plants. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:835-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bajerová
- University of PardubiceFaculty of Chemical TechnologyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Martin Adam
- University of PardubiceFaculty of Chemical TechnologyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bajer
- University of PardubiceFaculty of Chemical TechnologyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ventura
- University of PardubiceFaculty of Chemical TechnologyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Pardubice Czech Republic
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Offermans NS, Vermeulen R, Burdorf A, Goldbohm RA, Keszei AP, Peters S, Kauppinen T, Kromhout H, van den Brandt PA. Occupational asbestos exposure and risk of esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1970-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S.M. Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - András P. Keszei
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Epidemiology Group; Centre for Medical Research; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Timo Kauppinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Helsinki Finland
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology; Maastricht University Medical Centre; Maastricht The Netherlands
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Abstract
Asbestos-related diseases, such as malignancies and asbestosis, remain a significant occupational and public health concern. Asbestos is still widely used in many developing countries despite being a recognized carcinogen that has been banned over 50 countries. The prevalence and mortality from asbestos-related diseases continue to pose challenges worldwide. Many countries are now experiencing an epidemic of asbestos-related disease that is the legacy of occupational exposure during the 20th century because of the long latency period (up to 40 years) between initial asbestos exposure and exhibition of disease. However, the gastrointestinal (GI) cancers resulting from asbestos exposure are not as clearly defined. In this review, we summarize some of the recent epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases and then focus on the evidence implicating asbestos in causing GI malignancies. We also briefly review the important new pathogenic information that has emerged over the past several years that may account for asbestos-related gastrointestinal cancers. All types of asbestos fibers have been implicated in the mortality and morbidity from GI malignancies but the collective evidence to date is mixed. Although the molecular basis of GI cancers arising from asbestos exposure is unclear, there have been significant advances in our understanding of mesothelioma and asbestosis that may contribute to the pathophysiology underlying asbestos-induced GI cancers. The emerging new evidence into the pathogenesis of asbestos toxicity is providing insights into the molecular basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for asbestos-related diseases in future management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jo Kim
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - David Williams
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Vicente-Herrero MT, Terradillos-García MJ, Ramírez-Iñiguez-de la Torre MV, Capdevila-García LM, López-González AA. [Colorectal cancer in Spain: Temporary disability and preventive occupational strategies]. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2013; 78:75-81. [PMID: 23664428 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in both sexes and the most frequent in the developed countries, if men and women are considered together as a group. It has an important associated morbidity and mortality in all countries and constitutes a public health problem with a high direct and indirect economic cost. The number of workdays lost due to temporary disability (TD) is one of the quantifiable references of these indirect costs. AIMS To determine the indirect cost associated with TD due to colorectal cancer in Spain during the year 2011, a cost that aids in the prevention cost/benefit estimation. METHODS The number of TD processes, the number of workdays lost due to TD, and the mean duration of those processes, based on the CIE 9-MC codes related to this pathology, as well as the calculated cost, using the Spanish minimum wage as a reference, during the period of January to December 2011, were all reviewed. RESULTS Colorectal cancer in Spain during 2011 represented 1,046 TD processes, 202,784 workdays lost, and a mean process duration of 194 days/year. The resulting cost of the pathology due to TD was 4,335,521.92 euros. CONCLUSIONS These results are beneficial for evaluating the usefulness of implementing public health support strategies for a greater reduction in colorectal cancer prevalence and mortality, and an improvement in quality of life of the affected individuals and their families, together with an economic savings resulting from a reduction in TD as a consequence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Vicente-Herrero
- Servicio de Medicina del Trabajo-SPP, Grupo Correos, Valencia y Castellón, España.
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Reid A, Franklin P, Olsen N, Sleith J, Samuel L, Aboagye-Sarfo P, de Klerk N, Musk AWB. All-cause mortality and cancer incidence among adults exposed to blue asbestos during childhood. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:133-45. [PMID: 22886909 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few data on the long-term health outcomes of exposure to asbestos in childhood. This study investigated cancer and mortality of adults exposed to blue asbestos as children. METHODS Data linkage to relevant health registries was used to identify cancers and mortality in a cohort of adults (n = 2,460) that had lived in an asbestos mining town during their childhood (<15 years). RESULTS There were 217 (93 female) incident cancers and 218 (70 female) deaths among the cohort. Compared with the Western Australian population females had elevated mesothelioma, ovarian and brain cancers, and increased "all cause" and "all cancer" mortality. Males had elevated mesothelioma, leukemia, prostate, brain, and colorectal cancers, and excess mortality from "all causes," "all cancers," circulatory disease, diseases of the nervous system, and accidents. CONCLUSION Exposure to blue asbestos in childhood is associated with an increased risk of cancer and mortality in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Reid
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
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12
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Vitamin A (retinol) downregulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) by oxidant-dependent activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB in human lung cancer A549 cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:939-54. [PMID: 23333461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an essential component of the diet, retinol supplementation is often considered harmless and its application is poorly controlled. However, recent works demonstrated that retinol may induce a wide array of deleterious effects, especially when doses used are elevated. Controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that retinol supplementation increased the incidence of lung cancer and mortality in smokers. Experimental works in cell cultures and animal models showed that retinol may induce free radical production, oxidative stress and extensive biomolecular damage. Here, we evaluated the effect of retinol on the regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the human lung cancer cell line A549. RAGE is constitutively expressed in lungs and was observed to be down-regulated in lung cancer patients. A549 cells were treated with retinol doses reported as physiologic (2 μM) or therapeutic (5, 10 or 20 μM). Retinol at 10 and 20 μM increased free radical production, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in A549 cells. These doses also downregulated RAGE expression. Antioxidant co-treatment with Trolox®, a hydrophilic analog of α-tocopherol, reversed the effects of retinol on oxidative parameters and RAGE downregulation. The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 μM), SB203580 (10 μM) or siRNA to either p38α (MAPK14) or p38β (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE. Trolox also inhibited p38 phosphorylation, indicating that retinol induced a redox-dependent activation of this MAPK. Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 μg/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation. Taken together, our results indicate a pro-oxidant effect of retinol on A549 cells, and suggest that modulation of RAGE expression by retinol is mediated by the redox-dependent activation of p38/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Colorectal cancer mortality and industrial pollution in Spain. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:589. [PMID: 22852770 PMCID: PMC3490748 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Records kept as a result of the implementation of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) and the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) constitute a public inventory of industries, created by the European Commission, which is a valuable resource for monitoring industrial pollution. Our objective is to ascertain whether there might be excess colorectal cancer mortality among populations residing in the vicinity of Spanish industrial installations that are governed by the IPPC Directive and E-PRTR Regulation and report their emissions to air. Methods An ecological study was designed to examine colorectal cancer mortality at a municipal level (8098 Spanish towns), over the period 1997–2006. We conducted an exploratory "near vs. far" analysis to estimate the relative risks (RR) of towns situated at a distance of less than 2 km from industrial installations. The analysis was repeated for each of the 24 industrial groups. RR and their 95% credible/confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated on the basis of Poisson regression models, using two types of modelling: a) the conditional autoregressive Bayesian model proposed by Besag, York and Mollié, with explanatory variables; and b) a mixed regression model. Integrated nested Laplace approximations were used as a Bayesian inference tool. Results Statistically significant RRs were detected in the vicinity of mining industry (RR 1.258; 95%CI 1.082 - 1.463), paper and wood production (RR 1.071; 95%CI 1.007 – 1.140), food and beverage sector (RR 1.069; 95%CI 1.029 - 1.111), metal production and processing installations (RR 1.065; 95% CI 1.011 – 1.123) and ceramics (RR 1.050 ; 95%CI 1.004 – 1.099). Conclusions Given the exploratory nature of this study, it would seem advisable to check in other countries or with other designs, if the proximity of industries that emit pollutants into the air could be an added risk factor for colorectal cancer mortality. Nevertheless, some of the differences between men and women observed in the analyses of the industrial groups suggest that there may be a component of occupational exposure, little-studied in the case of cancers of the digestive system.
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de Bittencourt Pasquali MA, Roberto de Oliveira M, De Bastiani MA, da Rocha RF, Schnorr CE, Gasparotto J, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. L-NAME co-treatment prevent oxidative damage in the lung of adult Wistar rats treated with vitamin A supplementation. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:256-63. [PMID: 22574324 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Based on the fact that vitamin A in clinical doses is a potent pro-oxidant agent to the lungs, we investigated here the role of nitric oxide (NO•) in the disturbances affecting the lung redox environment in vitamin A-treated rats (retinol palmitate, doses of 1000-9000 IU•kg(-1)•day(-1)) for 28 days. Lung mitochondrial function and redox parameters, such as lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and the level of 3-nytrotyrosine, were quantified. We observed, for the first time, that vitamin A supplementation increases the levels of 3-nytrotyrosine in rat lung mitochondria. To determine whether nitric oxide (NO •) or its derivatives such as peroxynitrite (ONOO-) was involved in this damage, animals were co-treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (30 mg•kg(-1), four times a week), and we analysed if this treatment prevented (or minimized) the biochemical disturbances resulting from vitamin A supplementation. We observed that L-NAME inhibited some effects caused by vitamin A supplementation. Nonetheless, L-NAME was not able to reverse completely the negative effects triggered by vitamin A supplementation, indicating that other factors rather than only NO• or ONOO- exert a prominent role in mediating the redox effects in the lung of rats that received vitamin A supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo (Lab. 32), Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Identification of occupational cancer risks in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based case-control study of 1,155 cases of colon cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:3821-43. [PMID: 22073015 PMCID: PMC3210584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cancer has been recognized to have environmental origin, but occupational cancer risk studies have not been fully documented. The objective of this paper was to identify occupations and industries with elevated colon cancer risk based on lifetime occupational histories collected from 15,463 incident cancer cases. Method A group matched case-control design was used. All cases were diagnosed with histologically proven colon cancers, with cancer controls being all other cancer sites, excluding rectum, lung and unknown primary, diagnosed at the same period of time from the British Columbia Cancer Registry. Data analyses were done on all 597 Canadian standard occupation titles and 1,104 standard industry titles using conditional logistic regression for matched data sets and the likelihood ratio test. Results Excess colon cancer risks was observed in a number of occupations and industries, particularly those with low physical activity and those involving exposure to asbestos, wood dusts, engine exhaust and diesel engine emissions, and ammonia. Discussion The results of our study are in line with those from the literature and further suggest that exposure to wood dusts and to ammonia may carry an increased occupational risk of colon cancer.
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Pasquali MADB, Gelain DP, de Oliveira MR, Behr GA, da Motta LL, da Rocha RF, Klamt F, Moreira JCF. Vitamin A Supplementation for Different Periods Alters Oxidative Parameters in Lungs of Rats. J Med Food 2009; 12:1375-80. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Antônio Behr
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lisbôa da Motta
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fagundes da Rocha
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Bioquímica, Porte Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Clin B, Morlais F, Dubois B, Guizard AV, Desoubeaux N, Marquignon MF, Raffaelli C, Paris C, Galateau-Salle F, Launoy G, Letourneux M. Occupational asbestos exposure and digestive cancers - a cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:364-74. [PMID: 19485980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of asbestos in the genesis of mesothelioma and primary bronchopulmonary cancers has been established, results from studies focusing on the relationship between occupational exposure to asbestos and digestive cancer remain contradictory. AIM To determine whether occupational asbestos exposure increases the incidence of digestive cancers. METHODS Our study was a retrospective morbidity study based on 2024 subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos. The incidence of digestive cancer was calculated from 1st January 1978 to 31st December 2004 and compared with levels among the local general population using Standardized Incidence Ratios. Asbestos exposure was assessed using the company's job exposure matrix. RESULTS Eighty-five cases of digestive cancer were observed within our cohort, for an expected number of 66.90 (SIR = 1.27 [1.01; 1.57]). A significantly elevated incidence, particularly notable among women, was observed for peritoneal mesothelioma, independently of exposure levels. A significantly elevated incidence was also noted among men for cancer of small intestine and oesophagus, for cumulative exposure indexes for asbestos above 80 fibres/mL x years. A significantly elevated incidence of cancer of the small intestine was also observed among men having been exposed to asbestos for periods in excess of 25 years and for mean exposure levels in excess of 4 fibres/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the existence of a relationship between exposure to asbestos and cancer of the small intestine and of the oesophagus in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clin
- Cancers and populations, ERI3 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.
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Pasquali MAB, Gelain DP, Oliveira MR, Behr GA, Motta LL, Rocha RF, Klamt F, Moreira JCF. VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION INDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DECREASES THE IMMUNOCONTENT OF CATALASE AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE IN RAT LUNGS. Exp Lung Res 2009; 35:427-38. [DOI: 10.1080/01902140902747436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD004183. [PMID: 18677777 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004183.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may cause gastrointestinal cancers. The evidence on whether antioxidant supplements are effective in preventing gastrointestinal cancers is contradictory. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antioxidant supplements in preventing gastrointestinal cancers. SEARCH STRATEGY We identified trials through the trials registers of the four Cochrane Review Groups on gastrointestinal diseases, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2007), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCI-EXPANDED, and The Chinese Biomedical Database from inception to October 2007. We scanned reference lists and contacted pharmaceutical companies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing antioxidant supplements to placebo/no intervention examining occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors (GB and DN) independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. Outcome measures were gastrointestinal cancers, overall mortality, and adverse effects. Outcomes were reported as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) based on random-effects and fixed-effect model meta-analysis. Meta-regression assessed the effect of covariates across the trials. MAIN RESULTS We identified 20 randomised trials (211,818 participants), assessing beta-carotene (12 trials), vitamin A (4 trials), vitamin C (8 trials), vitamin E (10 trials), and selenium (9 trials). Trials quality was generally high. Heterogeneity was low to moderate. Antioxidant supplements were without significant effects on gastrointestinal cancers (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.06). However, there was significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 54.0%, P = 0.003). The heterogeneity may have been explained by bias risk (low-bias risk trials RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.13 compared to high-bias risk trials RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.80; test of interaction P < 0.0005), and type of antioxidant supplement (beta-carotene potentially increasing and selenium potentially decreasing cancer risk). The antioxidant supplements had no significant effects on mortality in a random-effects model meta-analysis (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07, I(2) = 53.5%), but significantly increased mortality in a fixed-effect model meta-analysis (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07). Beta-carotene in combination with vitamin A (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.23) and vitamin E (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11) significantly increased mortality. Increased yellowing of the skin and belching were non-serious adverse effects of beta-carotene. In five trials (four with high risk of bias), selenium seemed to show significant beneficial effect on gastrointestinal cancer occurrence (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.75, I(2) = 0%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We could not find convincing evidence that antioxidant supplements prevent gastrointestinal cancers. On the contrary, antioxidant supplements seem to increase overall mortality. The potential cancer preventive effect of selenium should be tested in adequately conducted randomised trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bjelakovic
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research,, Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital,, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark, DK-2100.
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Choi JY, Neuhouser ML, Barnett MJ, Hong CC, Kristal AR, Thornquist MD, King IB, Goodman GE, Ambrosone CB. Iron intake, oxidative stress-related genes (MnSOD and MPO) and prostate cancer risk in CARET cohort. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:964-70. [PMID: 18296681 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload may increase prostate cancer risk through stimulation of oxidative stress, and endogenous pro- and antioxidant capabilities, i.e. manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), may modify these associations. We investigated this hypothesis in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial cohort in a nested case-control study. Although there was no association between iron intake and risk overall, there was a suggestion of increased risk of clinically aggressive prostate cancer with higher iron intake [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-2.0]. Associations were most notable for men with aggressive prostate cancer who were below the median consumption of total fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.2). Associations between MPO -463 G to A genotype (rs2333227) and prostate cancer risk were only noted among men with aggressive cancer, with more than a 2-fold risk reduction among men with AA genotypes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-1.0); MnSOD was not associated with risk overall, but the MnSOD T to C (Val-9Ala, rs4880) polymorphism modified associations between risk of clinically aggressive prostate cancer and dietary iron intake (P for interaction = 0.02). Among aggressive cancer cases with the TT genotype, higher iron intake level was associated with >2-fold increase in risk (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-4.9), whereas there was no association among men with CC genotypes (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.4-2.3). Although interactions were not significant, there were similar patterns for MPO genotype, iron intake and risk. These findings suggest that higher iron intake may be associated with risk of clinically aggressive prostate cancer, and that endogenous antioxidant capabilities may modify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD004183. [PMID: 15495084 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004183.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may cause gastrointestinal cancers. The evidence on whether antioxidant supplements are effective in preventing gastrointestinal cancers is contradictory. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antioxidant supplements in preventing gastrointestinal cancers. SEARCH STRATEGY We identified trials through the trials registers of the four Cochrane Review Groups on gastrointestinal diseases, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2003), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and SCI-EXPANDED from inception to February 2003, and The Chinese Biomedical Database (March 2003). We scanned reference lists and contacted pharmaceutical companies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing antioxidant supplements to placebo/no intervention examining the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. The outcome measures were incidence of gastrointestinal cancers, overall mortality, and adverse events. Outcomes were reported as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) based on fixed and random effects meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS We identified 14 randomised trials (170,525 participants), assessing beta-carotene (9 trials), vitamin A (4 trials), vitamin C (4 trials), vitamin E (5 trials), and selenium (6 trials). Trial quality was generally high. Heterogeneity was low to moderate. Neither the fixed effect (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.04) nor random effects meta-analyses (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.05) showed significant effects of supplementation with antioxidants on the incidences of gastrointestinal cancers. Among the seven high-quality trials reporting on mortality (131,727 participants), the fixed effect (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10) unlike the random effects meta-analysis (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.15) showed that antioxidant supplements significantly increased mortality. Two low-quality trials (32,302 participants) found no significant effect of antioxidant supplementation on mortality. The difference between the mortality estimates in high- and low-quality trials was significant by test of interaction (z = 2.10, P = 0.04). Beta-carotene and vitamin A (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) and beta-carotene and vitamin E (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20) significantly increased mortality, while beta-carotene alone only tended to do so (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.11). Increased yellowing of the skin and belching were non-serious adverse effects of beta-carotene. In four trials (three with unclear/inadequate methodology), selenium showed significant beneficial effect on gastrointestinal cancer incidences. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS We could not find evidence that antioxidant supplements prevent gastrointestinal cancers. On the contrary, they seem to increase overall mortality. The potential cancer preventive effect of selenium should be studied in adequately conducted randomised trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bjelakovic
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Dept. 7102, H:S Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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