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Gonçalves AM, Pereira-Santos AR, Esteves AR, Cardoso SM, Empadinhas N. The Mitochondrial Ribosome: A World of Opportunities for Mitochondrial Dysfunction Toward Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:694-711. [PMID: 32098485 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are organelles that translate mitochondrial messenger RNA in the matrix and, in mammals, have evolved to translate 13 polypeptides of the pathway that performs oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Although a number of devastating diseases result from defects in this mitochondrial translation apparatus, most are associated with genetic mutations and little is known about allelopathic defects caused by antibiotics, toxins, or nonproteinogenic amino acids. Recent Advances: The levels of mitochondrial ribosomal subunits 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in cells/tissues from patients carrying mutations in these genes have been associated with alterations in mitochondrial translation efficiency and with impaired OXPHOS activities, as well as with the severity of clinical phenotypes. In recent decades, important studies revealed a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the involvement of mitoribosomes remains largely unknown. Critical Issues: Considering that mitoribosomal structure and function can determine the efficiency of OXPHOS and that an impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain is a common finding in PD, we argue that the mitoribosome may be key to disease onset and progression. With this review, we comprehensively integrate the available knowledge on the composition, assembly, and role of the mitoribosome in mitochondrial efficiency, reflecting on its possible involvement in the etiopathogenesis of this epidemic disease as an appealing research avenue. Future Directions: If a direct correlation between mitoribosome failure and PD pathology is demonstrated, these mitochondrial organelles will provide valuable early clinical markers and potentially attractive targets for the development of innovative PD-directed therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Lin WY, Huang CC, Liu YL, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH. Polygenic approaches to detect gene-environment interactions when external information is unavailable. Brief Bioinform 2020; 20:2236-2252. [PMID: 30219835 PMCID: PMC6954453 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of 'gene-environment interactions' (G × E) is important for disease prediction and prevention. The scientific community usually uses external information to construct a genetic risk score (GRS), and then tests the interaction between this GRS and an environmental factor (E). However, external genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are not always available, especially for non-Caucasian ethnicity. Although GRS is an analysis tool to detect G × E in GWAS, its performance remains unclear when there is no external information. Our 'adaptive combination of Bayes factors method' (ADABF) can aggregate G × E signals and test the significance of G × E by a polygenic test. We here explore a powerful polygenic approach for G × E when external information is unavailable, by comparing our ADABF with the GRS based on marginal effects of SNPs (GRS-M) and GRS based on SNP × E interactions (GRS-I). ADABF is the most powerful method in the absence of SNP main effects, whereas GRS-M is generally the best test when single-nucleotide polymorphisms main effects exist. GRS-I is the least powerful test due to its data-splitting strategy. Furthermore, we apply these methods to Taiwan Biobank data. ADABF and GRS-M identified gene × alcohol and gene × smoking interactions on blood pressure (BP). BP-increasing alleles elevate more BP in drinkers (smokers) than in nondrinkers (nonsmokers). This work provides guidance to choose a polygenic approach to detect G × E when external information is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, TaipeiVeterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Hao W, Xu X, Shi H, Zhang C, Chen X. No association of TP53 codon 72 and intron 3 16-bp duplication polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in Chinese Han women: new evidence from a population-based case-control investigation. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:47. [PMID: 30309383 PMCID: PMC6180397 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have demonstrated that the genetic variants of tumor suppressor gene TP53 contribute to the prediction of breast cancer risk. However, most of them focused on Europeans and Americans; the investigations about Asians, especially Chinese women, are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the influence of TP53 codon 72 and intron 3 16-bp duplication polymorphisms on the breast cancer risk in Chinese women, especially those from eastern China. Methods Blood samples collected from 254 breast cancer patients and 252 healthy female individuals were investigated. Genotypes of the two polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing and conventional PCR, respectively. Results Heterozygous Arg/Pro and homozygous Del/Del were the most frequent genotypes of the two polymorphisms, respectively. Heterozygous Arg/Pro had a higher prevalence in breast cancer cases (Padj = 0.10; ORadj = 1.43, 95% CI 0.93–2.18), and no homozygous 16-bp duplication (Ins/Ins) genotype was found in the whole 506 clinical samples. For the distributions of allele and haplotype frequencies, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups when multiple (additive, dominant and recessive) genetic models were utilized in the analysis (Padj > 0.05). Conclusion The results suggested that the two TP53 polymorphisms did not affect breast cancer risk in Chinese Han women, but the heterozygous Arg/Pro may exist as the possible risk genotype of the codon 72 polymorphism in contrast to the homozygous Arg/Arg and Pro/Pro. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40001-018-0345-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Hao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Pathogen Diagnostic Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Pathogen Diagnostic Center, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 42# Baiziting Street, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Delcoigne B, Støer NC, Reilly M. Valid and efficient subgroup analyses using nested case-control data. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:841-849. [PMID: 29390147 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not uncommon for investigators to conduct further analyses of subgroups, using data collected in a nested case-control design. Since the sampling of the participants is related to the outcome of interest, the data at hand are not a representative sample of the population, and subgroup analyses need to be carefully considered for their validity and interpretation. METHODS We performed simulation studies, generating cohorts within the proportional hazards model framework and with covariate coefficients chosen to mimic realistic data and more extreme situations. From the cohorts we sampled nested case-control data and analysed the effect of a binary exposure on a time-to-event outcome in subgroups defined by a covariate (an independent risk factor, a confounder or an effect modifier) and compared the estimates with the corresponding subcohort estimates. Cohort analyses were performed with Cox regression, and nested case-control samples or restricted subsamples were analysed with both conditional logistic regression and weighted Cox regression. RESULTS For all studied scenarios, the subgroup analyses provided unbiased estimates of the exposure coefficients, with conditional logistic regression being less efficient than the weighted Cox regression. CONCLUSIONS For the study of a subpopulation, analysis of the corresponding subgroup of individuals sampled in a nested case-control design provides an unbiased estimate of the effect of exposure, regardless of whether the variable used to define the subgroup is a confounder, effect modifier or independent risk factor. Weighted Cox regression provides more efficient estimates than conditional logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delcoigne
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie C Støer
- National Advisory Unit for Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Reilly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang CH, Lin YD, Chuang LY, Chen JB, Chang HW. Joint Analysis of SNP-SNP-Environment Interactions for Chronic Dialysis by an Improved Branch and Bound Algorithm. J Comput Biol 2017; 24:1212-1225. [PMID: 28876085 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, both single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP or gene-gene (G × G) interactions and SNP-environmental factor (G × E) interactions were reported to partially account for "missing" heritability. However, (G × G) × E interactions were less commonly addressed. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel strategy to evaluate possible (G × G) × E interactions in D-loop-based chronic dialysis association. Using values from our previously published data set (704 controls and 193 cases) of 77 D-loop SNPs and 7 environmental factors (coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride, cholesterol, blood thiol, and TBARS levels), we compared the performances of G, G × G, G × E, and (G × G) × E. We found that the interactions of four individual SNPs previously associated with a significantly high risk of chronic dialysis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.56-4.93] with environmental factors (G × E) increased the risk of chronic dialysis (maximum OR = 35.43). We then used an improved branch and bound algorithm to identify combinations of two to four SNPs that were most highly associated with chronic dialysis (OR = 9.27-34.39). When the interactions of the two- and three-SNP combinations with environmental factors were evaluated, we found that the (G × G) × E effects increased the risk of chronic dialysis (maximum OR = 8.32-57.54 and OR = 12.52-57.81, respectively; adjusted OR = 8.67-81.81 and OR = 12.29-81.95, respectively). Taken together, the (G × G) × E interactions identified chronic dialysis-associated SNPs that would not have been found using G × G or G × E interactions, suggesting that (G × G) × E interactions may be helpful to solve the problems of missing heritability in association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Yang
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,2 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Da Lin
- 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yeh Chuang
- 3 Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- 4 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- 5 Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,6 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan .,7 Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Gopisetty G, Thangarajan R. Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (MRPS) genes: A putative role in human disease. Gene 2016; 589:27-35. [PMID: 27170550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are prominently understood as power houses producing ATP the primary energy currency of the cell. However, mitochondria are also known to play an important role in apoptosis and autophagy, and mitochondrial dysregulation can lead to pathological outcomes. Mitochondria are known to contain 1500 proteins of which only 13 are coded by mitochondrial DNA and the rest are coded by nuclear genes. Protein synthesis in mitochondria involves mitochondrial ribosomes which are 55-60S particles and are composed of small 28S and large 39S subunits. A feature of mammalian mitoribosome which differentiate it from bacterial ribosomes is the increased protein content. The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRP) gene family comprises of 30 genes which code for mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit and 50 genes for the large subunit. The present review focuses on the mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit genes (MRPS), presents an overview of the literature and data gleaned from publicly available gene and protein expression databases. The survey revealed aberrations in MRPS gene expression patterns in varied human diseases indicating a putative role in their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Rudolph A, Chang-Claude J, Schmidt MK. Gene-environment interaction and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:125-33. [PMID: 26757262 PMCID: PMC4815812 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary, genetic factors as well as lifestyle and environmental factors, for example, parity and body mass index, predict breast cancer development. Gene-environment interaction studies may help to identify subgroups of women at high-risk of breast cancer and can be leveraged to discover new genetic risk factors. A few interesting results in studies including over 30,000 breast cancer cases and healthy controls indicate that such interactions exist. Explorative gene-environment interaction studies aiming to identify new genetic or environmental factors are scarce and still underpowered. Gene-environment interactions might be stronger for rare genetic variants, but data are lacking. Ongoing initiatives to genotype larger sample sets in combination with comprehensive epidemiologic databases will provide further opportunities to study gene-environment interactions in breast cancer. However, based on the available evidence, we conclude that associations between the common genetic variants known today and breast cancer risk are only weakly modified by environmental factors, if at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rudolph
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Heikkinen S, Koskenvuo M, Malila N, Sarkeala T, Pukkala E, Pitkäniemi J. Use of exogenous hormones and the risk of breast cancer: results from self-reported survey data with validity assessment. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 27:249-58. [PMID: 26667320 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Main aim was to estimate the association between use of exogenous hormones and breast cancer (BC) risk in a large population-based survey, and to assess the representativeness and overall validity of the data. METHODS The survey 'Women's Health and Use of Hormones' was conducted in Finland in 2009, including 7,000 BC cases and 20,000 matched population controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and their 95 % confidence interval. For validation, exposure prevalences were compared with population data from Statistics Finland and two large population-based surveys. RESULTS We found positive associations with BC risk and exclusive use of hormone-releasing intrauterine device (HR IUD) in postmenopausal women (1.48, 95 % CI 1.10-1.99), when compared to never-users of any hormonal contraceptive and considering only prediagnostic use in cases. Regarding use of other hormonal contraceptives (HC), a positive association between long HC use (≥2 years) and BC was observed in both groups, OR being 1.37 (95 % CI 1.12-1.68) for premenopausal and 1.11 (95 % CI 1.03-1.20) for postmenopausal women, when compared to never-users of other HC. CONCLUSIONS Observed association between HR IUD use and risk of BC in postmenopausal women is worrying and deserves further attention. Selection bias seemed not to explain this result. Considering the increasing popularity of HR IUD use in, e.g., USA, impact of possible adverse effects in public health could be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Markku Koskenvuo
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, PO Box 41, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarkeala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Mannerheimintie 172, PO Box 41, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Yan R, Cao J, Song C, Chen Y, Wu Z, Wang K, Dai L. Polymorphisms in lncRNA HOTAIR and susceptibility to breast cancer in a Chinese population. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:978-85. [PMID: 26547792 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sieh W, Rothstein JH, McGuire V, Whittemore AS. The role of genome sequencing in personalized breast cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 23:2322-7. [PMID: 25342391 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the benefits of using genome-wide sequencing to implement personalized preventive strategies at the population level, with some projections suggesting little benefit. We used data for all currently known breast cancer susceptibility variants to assess the benefits and harms of targeting preventive efforts to a population subgroup at highest genomic risk of breast cancer. METHODS We used the allele frequencies and effect sizes of 86 known breast cancer variants to estimate the population distribution of breast cancer risks and evaluate the strategy of targeting preventive efforts to those at highest risk. We compared the efficacy of this strategy with that of a "best-case" strategy based on a risk distribution estimated from breast cancer concordance in monozygous twins, and with strategies based on previously estimated risk distributions. RESULTS Targeting those in the top 25% of the risk distribution would include approximately half of all future breast cancer cases, compared with 70% captured by the best-case strategy and 35% based on previously known variants. In addition, current evidence suggests that reducing exposure to modifiable nongenetic risk factors will have greatest benefit for those at highest genetic risk. CONCLUSIONS These estimates suggest that personalized breast cancer preventive strategies based on genome sequencing will bring greater gains in disease prevention than previously projected. Moreover, these gains will increase with increased understanding of the genetic etiology of breast cancer. IMPACT These results support the feasibility of using genome-wide sequencing to target the women who would benefit from mammography screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiva Sieh
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, California
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, California
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, California.
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Kim Y, Yoo KY, Goodman MT. Differences in Incidence, Mortality and Survival of Breast Cancer by Regions and Countries in Asia and Contributing Factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2857-70. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Ozen F, Erdis E, Sik E, Silan F, Uludag A, Ozdemir O. Germ-line MTHFR C677T, FV H1299R and PAI-1 5G/4G variations in breast carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2903-8. [PMID: 23803051 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various oncogenes related to cancer have been extensively studied and several polymorphisms have been found to be associated with breast cancer. The current report outlines analysis of germ-line polymorphisms for C677T, A1298C (MTHFR), Leiden, R2 (FV) and 5G/4G (PAI-1) in Turkish breast cancer patients. We studied 51 cases diagnosed with invasive ductal and operable with lymph node-positive breast cancer and 106 women as a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheric blood-DNA samples were used for genotyping by StripAssay technique which is based on the reverse-hybridization principle and real-time PCR methods and results were compared statistically. RESULTS The frequency of the MTHFR gene 677T and 1298A alleles were significantly higher in cancer patients than in the healthy subjects. The T allele frequency in codon 677 was 2.3-fold and C allele frequency was 3.1-fold increased in BC when compared to the control group for the MTHFR gene. Both differences were statistically significant (OR: 2.295, CI: 1.283-4.106), p<0.006 and (OR: 3.131, CI:1.826-5.369), p<0.0001 respectively. The R2 allele frequency of FV gene was 5.1-fold increased in the current BC when compared to the control group and that difference was also statistically significant (OR: 5.133, CI: 1.299-20.28), p<0.02. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that germ-line polymorphisms of C677T, C1298A for MTHFR and R2 for FV are associated in breast cancer and may be additional prognostic markers related to breast cancer survival. The results now need to be confirmed in a larger group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Guan YP, Yang XX, Yao GY, Qiu F, Chen J, Chen LJ, Ye CS, Li M. Breast cancer association studies in a Han Chinese population using 10 European-ancestry-associated breast cancer susceptibility SNPs. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:85-91. [PMID: 24528085 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified various genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer based mainly on European-ancestry populations. Differing linkage disequilibrium patterns exist between European and Asian populations. METHODS Ten SNPs (rs2075555 in COL1A1, rs12652447 in FBXL17, rs10941679 in 5p12/MRPS30, rs11878583 in ZNF577, rs7166081 in SMAD3, rs16917302 in ZNF365, rs311499 in 20q13.3, rs1045485 in CASP8, rs12964873 in CDH1 and rs8170 in 19p13.1) were here genotyped in 1009 Chinese females (487 patients with breast cancer and 522 control subjects) using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Association analysis based on unconditional logistic regression was carried out to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each SNP. Stratification analyses were carried out based on the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. RESULTS Among the 10 SNPs, rs10941679 showed significant association with breast cancer when differences between the case and control groups in this Han Chinese population were compared (30.09% GG, 45.4% GA and 23.7% AA; P = 0.012). Four SNPs (rs311499, rs1045485, rs12964873 and rs8170) showed no polymorphisms in our study. The remaining five SNPs showed no association with breast cancer in the present population. Immunohistochemical tests showed that rs2075555 was associated with ER status; the AA genotype showed greater association with ER negative than ER positive (OR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.29-0.99; P = 0.046). AA of rs7166081 was also associated with ER status, but showed a greater association with ER positive than negative (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.04-2.44; P = 0.031). However, no significant associations were found among the SNPs and PR status. CONCLUSION In this study using a Han Chinese population, rs10941679 was the only SNP associated with breast cancer risk, indicating a difference between European and Chinese populations in susceptibility loci. Therefore, confirmation studies are necessary before utilization of these loci in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Guan
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail : ,
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Fletcher O, Dudbridge F. Candidate gene-environment interactions in breast cancer. BMC Med 2014; 12:195. [PMID: 25604189 PMCID: PMC4200144 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions have the potential to shed light on biological processes leading to disease, identify individuals for whom risk factors are most relevant, and improve the accuracy of epidemiological risk models. We review the progress that has been made in investigating gene-environment interactions in the field of breast cancer. Although several large-scale analyses have been carried out, only a few significant interactions have been reported. One of these, an interaction between CASP8-rs1045485 and alcohol consumption has been replicated, but others have not, including LSP1- rs3817198 and parity, and 1p11.2-rs11249433 and ever being parous. False positive interactions may arise if the gene and environment are correlated and the causal variant is less frequent than the tag SNP. We conclude that while much progress has been made in this area it is still too soon to tell whether gene-environment interactions will fulfil their promise. Before we can make this assessment we will need to replicate (or refute) the reported interactions, identify the causal variants that underlie tag-SNP associations and validate the next generation of epidemiological risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK. .,Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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15
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Wang W, Nag S, Zhang X, Wang MH, Wang H, Zhou J, Zhang R. Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:225-85. [PMID: 25164622 DOI: 10.1002/med.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential components of the protein synthesis machinery. The process of ribosome biogenesis is well organized and tightly regulated. Recent studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) have extraribosomal functions that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and other cellular processes. The dysfunction of RPs has been linked to the development and progression of hematological, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in ribosomal stress, which triggers activation of the p53 signaling pathway through RPs-MDM2 interactions, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RPs also regulate cellular functions through p53-independent mechanisms. We herein review the recent advances in several forefronts of RP research, including the understanding of their biological features and roles in regulating cellular functions, maintaining cell homeostasis, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases. We also highlight the translational potential of this research for the identification of molecular biomarkers, and in the discovery and development of novel treatments for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106
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16
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Shi Y, Zhou F, Jiang F, Lu H, Wang J, Cheng C. PARP inhibitor reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:142-7. [PMID: 24826054 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apoptosis is a reliable marker of chemotherapeutic efficacy. Olaparib and paclitaxel inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancers. We investigated the effects of paclitaxel combined with olaparib on apoptosis in breast cancer Bcap37 cells. METHODS Proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and PI staining. Degradation of pro-caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with paclitaxel alone, paclitaxel combined with 100 mg olaparib significantly reduced survival in Bcap37 cells at all tested treatment durations (P<0.05); inhibition increased with increasing olaparib dose and treatment time (P<0.01). Combined treatment yielded significantly higher rates of apoptosis (P<0.05), which also increased with time (P<0.01). Fluorescence micrographs showed that early and late apoptotic cells increased with treatment time. Pro-caspase-3 and PARP degradation was induced by paclitaxel and enhanced by olaparib in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, combined treatment was substantially more effective than treatment with paclitaxel alone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that paclitaxel and olaparib inhibit breast cancer Bcap37 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Combined treatment further reduced cell growth and enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that this combination therapy may be a promising treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- 1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- 1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- 1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hong Lu
- 1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chuanyao Cheng
- 1 Department of Oncology, 2 Department of Orthopedics, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Zhao J, Jiang CQ, Lam TH, Liu B, Cheng KK, Kavikondala S, Zhang WS, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Genetically predicted 17β-estradiol and systemic inflammation in women: a separate-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:780-5. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Zheng W, Zhang B, Cai Q, Sung H, Michailidou K, Shi J, Choi JY, Long J, Dennis J, Humphreys MK, Wang Q, Lu W, Gao YT, Li C, Cai H, Park SK, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Han W, Dunning AM, Benitez J, Vincent D, Bacot F, Tessier D, Kim SW, Lee MH, Lee JW, Lee JY, Xiang YB, Zheng Y, Wang W, Ji BT, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Tanaka H, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Teo SH, Yip CH, Kang IN, Wong TY, Shen CY, Yu JC, Huang CS, Hou MF, Hartman M, Miao H, Lee SC, Putti TC, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Sangrajrang S, Shen H, Chen K, Wu PE, Ren Z, Haiman CA, Sueta A, Kim MK, Khoo US, Iwasaki M, Pharoah PDP, Wen W, Hall P, Shu XO, Easton DF, Kang D. Common genetic determinants of breast-cancer risk in East Asian women: a collaborative study of 23 637 breast cancer cases and 25 579 controls. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2539-50. [PMID: 23535825 PMCID: PMC3658167 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a consortium including 23 637 breast cancer patients and 25 579 controls of East Asian ancestry, we investigated 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 67 independent breast cancer susceptibility loci recently identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted primarily in European-ancestry populations. SNPs in 31 loci showed an association with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in a direction consistent with that reported previously. Twenty-one of them remained statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni-corrected significance level of <0.0015. Eight of the 70 SNPs showed a significantly different association with breast cancer risk by estrogen receptor (ER) status at P < 0.05. With the exception of rs2046210 at 6q25.1, the seven other SNPs showed a stronger association with ER-positive than ER-negative cancer. This study replicated all five genetic risk variants initially identified in Asians and provided evidence for associations of breast cancer risk in the East Asian population with nearly half of the genetic risk variants initially reported in GWASs conducted in European descendants. Taken together, these common genetic risk variants explain ~10% of excess familial risk of breast cancer in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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