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Baek SU, Lee YM, Yoon JH. Association between long working hours and engagement in preventive healthcare services in Korean workers: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prev Med 2024; 180:107849. [PMID: 38185224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement in preventive healthcare services is crucial for preventing diseases. We explored how working hours are associated with engagement in preventive healthcare services, with a focus on gender differences. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The dependent variable was engagement in each of the five preventive healthcare services (health check-ups, influenza vaccination, and stomach, breast, and cervical cancer screenings). We estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using robust Poisson regression. RESULTS The study analyzed 19,819 workers (9119 women). The adjusted PRs (95% CI) of the association between working ≥55 h per week and engagement in preventive healthcare services among men were 0.95 (0.90-1.00) for health check-ups, 0.86 (0.77-0.96) for influenza vaccination, and 0.95 (0.87-1.03) for stomach cancer screening compared to working 35-40 h per week. Among women, the adjusted PRs (95% CI) of the association between working ≥55 h per week and engagement in preventive healthcare services were 0.84 (0.78-0.91) for health check-ups, 0.82 (0.73-0.92) for influenza vaccination, and 0.88 (0.80-0.97) for stomach, 0.85 (0.78-0.94) for breast, and 0.82 (0.74-0.91) for cervical cancer screenings. CONCLUSION Long working hours were negatively associated with engagement in preventive healthcare services, and the association was pronounced among female workers. Efforts to promote preventive healthcare participation among individuals with long working hours are necessary, and it is essential to consider the unique vulnerabilities of women when developing such policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Niedhammer I, Pineau E, Bertrais S. Employment Factors Associated With Long Working Hours in France. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:483-487. [PMID: 38187204 PMCID: PMC10770083 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to explore the employment factors associated with long working hours, known as a risk factor for various health outcomes. The study relied on the national representative data of the 2013 French working conditions survey and a study sample of 23,378 full-time employees. Long working hours were defined by the threshold of 48 hours a week following the European Working Time Directive. The prevalence of long working hours was higher among men (13.5%) than among women (8.5%). Employees of the private sector, with permanent work contract, in small companies, and men in the services had a higher prevalence of exposure. This prevalence increased with educational and occupational levels. Our findings may help decision-makers to define preventive strategies. More research is needed to improve our knowledge of the employment factors associated with long working hours, as there may be strong differences between countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Elodie Pineau
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Bertrais
- INSERM, Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team, Angers, France
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3
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de Melo Gomides L, Abreu MNS, Assunção AÁ. Long working hours and self-rated health in the national Brazilian working population: gender and employment status differences, 2019. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2095. [PMID: 37880646 PMCID: PMC10601203 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of working hours is governed by legal standards in formal employment. While the association between long working hours and various health outcomes has been extensively studied, there is limited evidence regarding Brazil. The objective of this study was to investigate the association among working hours, employment status, and self-rated health (SRH), taking into account differences between men and women in a national representative sample of the working population in Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 33,713 workers in Brazil to assess self-rated health (SRH). We examined the associations between working hours and employment status, categorizing working hours as standard (40-44 h per week) or long (> 44 h per week), and employment status as formal or informal. Logistic regression models were employed, adjusting for sociodemographic, occupational characteristics, and health behaviors. Probabilities of negative SRH were calculated for men and women in different exposure profiles. Results were stratified by gender, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to the findings. RESULTS The prevalence of long working hours was higher among informal workers for both men and women. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) results revealed that informal employment (AORwomen = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.13-2.07 and AORmen = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.22-1.96) and long working hours (AORwomen = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06-1.43 and AORmen = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00-1.30) were independently associated with negative SRH. Significant interactions between long working hours and informal employment were observed. Among individuals with the same exposure profile, women who engaged in long working hours had a higher probability of reporting negative SRH compared to men. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are in line with the literature, as differences between men and women in the likelihood of negative self-rated health were observed. The adverse health effects underscore the importance of implementing intersectoral actions to inform the revision of regulations concerning weekly working hours and the expansion of informal employment in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana de Melo Gomides
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences. Health and Safety Engineering, University of Itajubá, Itabira, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mery Natali Silva Abreu
- Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ada Ávila Assunção
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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4
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Shanafelt TD, West CP, Sinsky CA, Trockel MT, Tutty MA, Wang H, Carlasare LE, Dyrbye LN. At-Risk Work Hours Among U.S. Physicians and Other U.S. Workers. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:568-578. [PMID: 37178097 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systematic reviews by the WHO have shown an increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to ischemic heart disease and stroke among individuals working an average of ≥55 hours/week. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of U.S. physicians and a probability-based sample of the general U.S. working population (n=2,508) was conducted between November 20, 2020, and February 16, 2021 (data analyzed in 2022). Among 3,617 physicians who received a mailed survey, 1,162 (31.7%) responded; among 90,000 physicians who received an electronic survey, 6,348 (7.1%) responded. Mean weekly work hours were assessed. RESULTS The mean reported weekly work hours for physicians and U.S. workers in other fields were 50.8 hours and 40.7 hours, respectively (p<0.001). Less than 10% of U.S. workers in other fields (9.2%) reported working ≥55 hours/week compared with 40.7% of physicians. Although work hours decreased among physicians working less than full time, the decrease in work hours was smaller than the reported reduction in professional work effort. Specifically, for physicians who worked between half-time and full-time (i.e., full-time equivalent=50%-99%), work hours decreased by approximately 14% for each 20% reduction in full-time equivalent. On multivariable analysis of physicians and workers in other fields adjusting for age, gender, relationship status, and level of education, individuals with a professional/doctorate degree other than an MD/DO (OR=3.74; 95% CI=2.28, 6.09) and physicians (OR=8.62; 95% CI=6.44, 11.80) were more likely to work ≥55 hours/week. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of physicians have work hours previously shown to be associated with adverse personal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tait D Shanafelt
- Stanford Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
| | - Colin P West
- Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Mickey T Trockel
- Stanford Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Hanhan Wang
- Stanford WellMD & WellPhD Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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5
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Gibson R, Lewis J, Hilberink A, Philippou E, Wilson D, Theobald HE, Sum K, David D, Alawfi JS, Roper HJ, Makinwa F, Lessons G, Clark A, Maynard N, Viner L, Hall WL. Proceedings of a roundtable event 'Workplace Diet and Health - priorities for researchers and practitioners'. NUTR BULL 2023; 48:144-153. [PMID: 36727658 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the work environment impacts health behaviours is essential to a life course approach in public health nutrition. A roundtable event 'Workplace Diet and Health - priorities for researchers and practitioners' was held by the Nutrition Society in October 2022. The overarching aims of the roundtable event were to consider (i) the relevance of nutritional wellbeing for employers and organisations, (ii) the research priorities for workplace diet and health and (iii) how researchers and practitioners can work with stakeholders in the development and testing of workplace diet and health interventions and nutritional education. Participants represented a range of stakeholders including dietetic and nutrition professionals working in workplace health, academics and science communication with an interest in workplace diet and health, non-governmental organisations and providers of workplace nutritional health and wellbeing programmes. All roundtable participants agreed that good nutrition and access to healthy food at work was part of corporate responsibility comparable to that of health and safety provision. It was recognised that nutritional wellbeing was not seen as a priority by many companies due to the complexity and wide range of employee health and wellbeing options available and the perceived lack of clear financial benefit. Three priority areas were identified and agreed upon by roundtable participants: (1) strengthening the evidence base to demonstrate the tangible benefit of nutritional wellbeing interventions in the workplace, (2) creating a knowledge exchange hub to share best practices and experiences of working across sectors and (3) expand stakeholder engagement in workplace nutritional wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Lewis
- British Dietetic Association, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Elena Philippou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dona Wilson
- South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Kiu Sum
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.,Department for Sports and Health, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Jumanah S Alawfi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Greg Lessons
- The Fire Fighters Charity, Hampshire, UK.,Public Health Nutrition Research Group, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Wendy L Hall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Lee EK. You Can't Avoid Shift Work? Then Focus on Body Fat Rather than Weight. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:756-758. [PMID: 36327986 PMCID: PMC9633215 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Corresponding author: Eun Kyung Lee. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Korea Tel: +82-31-920-1743, Fax: +82-31-920-2789 E-mail:
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7
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Nishikitani M, Nakao M, Inoue M, Tsurugano S, Yano E. Associations between Workers' Health and Working Conditions: Would the Physical and Mental Health of Nonregular Employees Improve If Their Income Was Adjusted? MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9070040. [PMID: 35877818 PMCID: PMC9317295 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9070040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Precarious employment can negatively affect health, but workers may be healthy if they earn enough income. This study uses equivalent disposable income and examines the interaction between income classes and employment types to clarify whether workers’ health improves as the income classes rise. In Japan, nonstandard workers, called nonregular employees, have remained high since 2013. Therefore, using data from the national cross-sectional Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions 2013, an official survey performed in Japan, we targeted a sample of employees aged 18 to 45 who graduated during the economic recession. Our final sample included 8282 employees (4444 males and 3838 females). The health (general and mental) status indicators used the dichotomized self-rated health and scores of the K6 questionnaires scored in the national survey. The association between income and health was almost proportional. Female workers tended to improve their health as their income class increased; however, this tendency was not observed in male workers, especially nonregular employees. Although the associations were weakened by added income information on the regression models, nonregular employees always showed inferior health to regular employees. The health status of nonregular employees, especially female nonregular employees, is statistically significantly lower than that of regular employees, even when the economic class is similar. In conclusion, improving low incomes for nonregular employees could improve health challenges, but income alone may not result in the same health status for regular and nonregular employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nishikitani
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6475
| | - Mutsuhiro Nakao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8529, Japan;
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.I.); (E.Y.)
| | - Shinobu Tsurugano
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Eiji Yano
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.I.); (E.Y.)
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8
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Gage MC, Harrington D, Brierley GV, Freathy RM, Gabriel BM, Gibson R, McNeilly AD, Meek CL, Roberts LD. Challenges and solutions for diabetes early career researchers in the COVID-19 recovery: Perspectives of the Diabetes UK Innovators in Diabetes. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14698. [PMID: 34562338 PMCID: PMC8646923 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Gage
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Deirdre Harrington
- School of Psychological Sciences and HealthUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Gemma V. Brierley
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Brendan M. Gabriel
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular & Diabetes CentreThe Rowett Institute, University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyIntegrative PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alison D. McNeilly
- Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeScotland
| | - Claire L. Meek
- Wolfson Diabetes and Endocrine CentreCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- School of MedicineLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
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9
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OCHIAI Y, TAKAHASHI M, MATSUO T, SASAKI T, FUKASAWA K, ARAKI T, TSUCHIYA M, OTSUKA Y. Objective and subjective working hours and their roles on workers' health among Japanese employees. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:265-275. [PMID: 31685757 PMCID: PMC7286714 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2019-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the correlation between objective and subjective working hours (OWH and SWH, respectively) and their relation to the workers' health. The study included 6,806 workers of a Japanese company (response rate=86.6%). OWH were collected as the monthly data during fiscal year 2017 from the company record. SWH were self-reported as the weekly data during the past month in November 2017. Both OWH and SWH corresponded to the same period of one month (October 2017). Additionally, the data for the annual health checkup in fiscal year 2017 and self-reported mental health in November 2017 were collected. The results indicated that the longer OWH was related to more underestimation of SWH. The analyses of covariance adjusted for the selected variables showed that irrespective of OWH or SWH, significant relationships were found for stress responses but not for body mass index, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride. However, significant relationships with only OWH were noted for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and positive work-related state of mind. The present findings show that SWH should be used carefully when assessing the health effects of long working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko OCHIAI
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
Japan
| | | | - Tomoaki MATSUO
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
Japan
| | - Takeshi SASAKI
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
Japan
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10
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Shah M, Parmar A, Chan KKW. Socioeconomic disparity trends in diagnostic imaging, treatments, and survival for non-small cell lung cancer 2007-2016. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3407-3416. [PMID: 32196964 PMCID: PMC7221447 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) has led to treatment and survival disparities; however, limited data exist for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigates the impact of SES on NSCLC diagnostic imaging, treatment, and overall survival (OS), and describes temporal disparity trends. The Ontario Cancer Registry was used to identify NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2016. Through linkage to administrative datasets, patients’ demographics, imaging, treatment, and survival were obtained. Based on median household neighborhood income, the Ontario population was divided into five income quintiles (Q1‐Q5; Q1 = lowest income). Multivariable regressions assessed SES association with OS, imaging, treatment receipt, and treatment delay, and their interaction with year of diagnosis to understand temporal trends. Endpoints were adjusted for demographics, stage and comorbidities, along with treatments and imaging for OS. A total of 50 542 patients were identified. Higher SES patients (Q5 vs. Q1) showed improved 5‐year OS (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87‐0.92; P < .0001) and underwent greater magnetic resonance imaging head (stages IA‐IV; odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.32; P < .0001), lung resection (IA‐IIIA; OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.43‐1.74; P < .0001), platinum‐based vinorelbine adjuvant chemotherapy (IB‐IIIA; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.92; P < .0001), palliative radiation (IV; OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.25; P = .023), and intravenous chemotherapy (IV; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.60; P < .0001). Lower SES patients underwent greater thoracic radiation (IA‐IIIB; OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.94; P = .0003). Across 2007‐2016, socioeconomic disparities remain largely unchanged (interaction P > .05) despite widening income inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ambica Parmar
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelvin K W Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Wang X, Lu Y, Li C, Larbi A, Feng L, Shen Q, Chong MS, Lim WS, Feng L. Associations of lifestyle activities and a heathy diet with frailty in old age: a community-based study in Singapore. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:288-308. [PMID: 31896738 PMCID: PMC6977658 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related state characterized by a reduced physiological reserve, and is associated with adverse health outcomes in the elderly. We analyzed the data from 895 adults aged 60 years and above, and investigated the relationships between midlife and late-life social activities, intellectual activities, working hours, and dietary habits and frailty status. Participation in social or intellectual activities in late life was less prevalent among those who were frail than among those who were robust. A greater proportion of those who were frail had worked long hours in midlife. After adjustment for confounders, participating in social activities or intellectual activities in late life was associated with a reduced risk for prefrailty and frailty, while working long hours in midlife was associated with a higher risk for frailty. The risk of frailty decreased with increasing healthy diet scores in midlife and late life. When the results were stratified by gender, late-life participation in social activities and midlife or late-life participation in intellectual activities correlated negatively with prefrailty/frailty only in women. Our study suggests that social and intellectual activities are inversely associated with frailty status, but the association seems to differ based on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Liang Feng
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Shen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Xuzhou Oriental people's Hospital, China
| | | | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore
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12
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons LC. Resetting the Aging Clock: Implications for Managing Age-Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:193-265. [PMID: 32304036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, individuals are living longer due to medical and scientific advances, increased availability of medical care and changes in public health policies. Consequently, increasing attention has been focused on managing chronic conditions and age-related diseases to ensure healthy aging. The endogenous circadian system regulates molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms orchestrating functional coordination and processes across tissues and organs. Circadian disruption or desynchronization of circadian oscillators increases disease risk and appears to accelerate aging. Reciprocally, aging weakens circadian function aggravating age-related diseases and pathologies. In this review, we summarize the molecular composition and structural organization of the circadian system in mammals and humans, and evaluate the technological and societal factors contributing to the increasing incidence of circadian disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the adverse effects of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the bidirectional interactions through which aging affects circadian function using examples from mammalian research models and humans. Additionally, we review promising methods for managing healthy aging through behavioral and pharmacological reinforcement of the circadian system. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian clock and minimizing circadian dysfunction may be crucial components to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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13
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Weston G, Zilanawala A, Webb E, Carvalho LA, McMunn A. Long work hours, weekend working and depressive symptoms in men and women: findings from a UK population-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:465-474. [PMID: 30804048 PMCID: PMC6581113 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Globalised and 24/7 business operations have fuelled demands for people to work long hours and weekends. Research on the mental health effects of these intensive temporal work patterns is sparse, contradictory or has not considered gender differences. Our objective was to examine the relationship between these work patterns and depressive symptoms in a large nationally representative sample of working men and women in the UK. Method The current study analysed data from Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, of 11 215 men and 12 188 women in employment or self-employment at the time of the study. Ordinary least squares regression models, adjusted for potential confounders and psychosocial work factors, were used to estimate depressive symptoms across categories of work hours and weekend work patterns. Results Relative to a standard 35–40 hours/week, working 55 hours/week or more related to more depressive symptoms among women (ß=0.75, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.39), but not for men (ß=0.24, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.58). Compared with not working weekends, working most or all weekends related to more depressive symptoms for both men (ß=0.34, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.61) and women (ß=0.50, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.79); however, working some weekends only related to more depressive symptoms for men (ß=0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.55), not women (ß=0.17, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.42). Conclusion Increased depressive symptoms were independently linked to working extra-long hours for women, whereas increased depressive symptoms were associated with working weekends for both genders, suggesting these work patterns may contribute to worse mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Weston
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afshin Zilanawala
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Human Development and Family Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Livia A Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anne McMunn
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Takahashi M. Sociomedical problems of overwork-related deaths and disorders in Japan. J Occup Health 2019; 61:269-277. [PMID: 30977205 PMCID: PMC6620752 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) and mental disorders, including suicide, are prevalent among overworked individuals in Japan. The 2014 legislation regarding the prevention of overwork‐related deaths and disorders has accelerated the research in this field and ultimately the implementation of preventive actions. Methods To understand the current problematic situations, the Research Center for Overwork‐Related Disorders of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, conducted analyses of compensated claims for overwork‐related CCVDs and mental disorders that were recognized from January 2010 to March 2015. Results The majority of CCVD cases were the men in their 50s. Transport and postal activities was the highest risk industry. Cerebrovascular cases were higher than cardiovascular ones. Long working hours was the principal factor for CCVDs. The mental disorder cases comprised approximately 70% men and affected younger age groups (peak in the third decade) with various industries at risk. In men, there was an almost equal number of F3 (Mood [affective] disorders) and F4 (Neurotic, stress‐related, and somatoform disorders) diagnoses according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. A larger number of women were diagnosed to have F4. The mental disorder cases were associated not only with long working hours, but also with injuries and disasters as well as interpersonal conflict at work. Conclusions Multiple, simultaneous actions need to be made by employees, employers, researchers, and the authorities to achieve the goal of reducing the number of workers suffering from the overwork‐related CCVDs and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Takahashi
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
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15
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Gibson R. Working hours and cardiometabolic health - an emerging area of nutritional research. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; King's College London; London UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Imperial College London; London UK
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16
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Cayuela A, Martínez JM, Ronda E, Delclos GL, Conway S. Assessing the influence of working hours on general health by migrant status and family structure: the case of Ecuadorian-, Colombian-, and Spanish-born workers in Spain. Public Health 2018; 163:27-34. [PMID: 30056256 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between working hours (WHs) and the likelihood of poor self-reported general health (SRGH) in the first data wave from a cohort of immigrant and native workers in Spain. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses from a prospective cohort study. METHODS Data were drawn from the first wave of the Platform of Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families. The selected sample was composed of 217 immigrant workers and 89 native-born workers. We explored differences by immigrant status and family structure, assessing prevalences and Poisson regression models; an additional analysis explored statistically optimized work hour cut points. RESULTS Highest prevalence of poor SRGH (72.7%) was reported by immigrant, single-parent workers working >40 WH/week. Immigrant single-parent families were more likely to report poor SRGH for three WH categories: ≤20 WH/week (prevalence ratio [PR] = 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-7.2), >30-≤40 WH/week (PR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.4), and >40 WH/week (PR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.8-10.1). In two-parent families, immigrants working standard hours (i.e. >30-≤40) and native-born workers in the highest and lowest categories of WHs (i.e. ≤20 and >40) had similar PRs for poor SRGH compared with native-born workers working standard hours. Findings suggested that native-born workers residing in two-parent families were able to work more than 10 h longer per week than immigrant workers before reporting equivalent prevalences of poor SRGH. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the association of WHs and poor SRGH among immigrants in Spain seem to be explained by family structure, which suggests that the influence of WHs on health differentially affects vulnerable groups, such as immigrant workers residing in single-parent families.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cayuela
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - J M Martínez
- Servicio de Investigación y Análisis IT/EP, MC Mutual, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ronda
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, History of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - G L Delclos
- Center for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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A longitudinal study of heavy time investment in work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-03-2017-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine heavy time investment in work from both dispositional and situational perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected twice, at the beginning and at the end of a 12-year period, from the same respondents of the Meaning of Work project in Israel.
Findings
The classification of respondents as heavy work investors (work more than 50 weekly hours) or as ordinary workers is stable over the years, which indirectly supports the dispositional perspective. The situational perspective is generally not supported. Remaining at the same workplace or changing workplaces and a stable or changing classification of a person as a heavy work investor or as an ordinary worker over the years are dependent on each other. However, no relation was found between change in financial needs and a person’s level of time investment in work. Only two out of 14 relevant life events relate positively and significantly to the level of time investment in work over the years: appointment to manage other workers and receiving greater work autonomy.
Practical implications
The effectiveness of policies designed to encourage working long hours on the one hand, or a work-life balance on the other, is questionable. However, a specific intervention which, based on the findings of this study, may encourage time investment in work is expanding the job vertically.
Originality/value
This is an exceptional longitudinal study examining stability (over time) and situational predictors of work hours among the same individuals.
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Magnavita N, Garbarino S. Sleep, Health and Wellness at Work: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1347. [PMID: 29113118 PMCID: PMC5707986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many occupational factors may interfere with sleep. Sleep disturbances can, in turn, endanger the health and safety of workers. This rapid review of the literature identifies the main factors that alter the quantity and quality of sleep, indicates the effects these alterations have on the wellbeing of workers and suggests some health promotion measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Occupational Health Unit, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School in Occupational Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Nishikitani M, Nakao M, Tsurugano S, Inoure M, Yano E. Relationship between menstruation status and work conditions in Japan. Biopsychosoc Med 2017; 11:26. [PMID: 29026436 PMCID: PMC5627597 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-017-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Menstrual problems can significantly impact daily and work life. In reaction to a shrinking population, the Japanese government is encouraging more women to participate in the labor force. Actual success in achieving this aim, however, is limited. Specifically, participation in the workforce by women during their reproductive years is impacted by their health, which involves not only work conditions, but also traditional family circumstances. Therefore, it is important to further assess and gather more information about the health status of women who work during their reproductive years in Japan. Specifically, women’s health can be represented by menstruation status, which is a pivotal indicator. In this study, we assessed the association between short rest periods in work intervals and menstruation and other health status indicators among female workers in Japan. Methods Study participants were recruited from the alumnae of a university, which provided a uniform educational level. All 9864 female alumnae were asked to join the survey and 1630 (17%) accepted. The final sample of study participants (n = 505) were aged 23–43 years, had maintained the same job status for at least 1 year, and were not shift workers, had no maternal status, and did not lack any related information. The participants were divided into two groups according to interval time, with 11 h between end of work and resumption of daily work as a benchmark. This interval time was based on EU regulations and the goal set by the government of Japan. Health outcomes included: menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhoea symptoms, anxiety regarding health, and satisfaction in terms of health. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for health indexes in association with interval time by adjusting for confounding variables that included both psychosocial and biological factors. Results We compared the health status of women in the workforce with and without a sufficient interval time of 11 h/day. Workers who had a short interval time had a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety about health and dissatisfaction with their health. For menstruation status, only abnormal menstruation cycles were observed more often among workers in the short interval group than those of the long interval group. However, this association disappeared when biological confounding factors were adjusted in a multivariable regression model. Dysmenorrhea symptoms did not show a statistically significant association with short interval time. Conclusions This study found a significant association between a short interval time of less than 11 h/day and subjective health indicators and the menstrual health status of women in the workforce. Menstrual health was more affected by biological factors than social psychological factors. A long work time and short interval time could increase worker anxiety and dissatisfaction and may deteriorate the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nishikitani
- Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-City, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Nakao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsurugano
- Health Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoure
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Yano
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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[Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017; 159:3. [PMID: 28509054 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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