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Gonçalves TAF, Lima VS, de Almeida AJPO, de Arruda AV, Veras ACMF, Lima TT, Soares EMC, Santos ACD, Vasconcelos MECD, de Almeida Feitosa MS, Veras RC, de Medeiros IA. Carvacrol Improves Vascular Function in Hypertensive Animals by Modulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:3032. [PMID: 37447358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene, has diverse biological activities, highlighting its antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity. However, there is little evidence demonstrating its influence on vascular regeneration. Therefore, we evaluated the modulation of carvacrol on endothelial repair induced by endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in hypertension. Twelve-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with a vehicle, carvacrol (50 or 100 mg/kg/day), or resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day) orally for four weeks. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as the normotensive controls. Their systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly through the tail cuff. The EPCs were isolated from the bone marrow and peripherical circulation and were quantified by flow cytometry. The functionality of the EPC was evaluated after cultivation through the quantification of colony-forming units (CFU), evaluation of eNOS, intracellular detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and evaluation of senescence. The superior mesenteric artery was isolated to evaluate the quantification of ROS, CD34, and CD31. Treatment with carvacrol induced EPC migration, increased CFU formation and eNOS expression and activity, and reduced ROS and senescence. In addition, carvacrol reduced vascular ROS and increased CD31 and CD34 expression. This study showed that treatment with carvacrol improved the functionality of EPC, contributing to the reduction of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Silva Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58059-900, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Alinne Villar de Arruda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58059-900, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Trajano Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58059-900, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Robson Cavalcante Veras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58059-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Isac Almeida de Medeiros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58059-900, PB, Brazil
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Wang H, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Meng L, Jiang X, Xin Y. Essential role of Nrf2 in sulforaphane-induced protection against angiotensin II-induced aortic injury. Life Sci 2022; 306:120780. [PMID: 35839861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the primary factors underlying angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important antioxidative stress factor. Sulforaphane (SFN), which is naturally found in cruciferous vegetables, is an Nrf2 agonist that is safe for oral administration. Here, we aimed to explore the potential of SFN in protecting against Ang II-induced aortic damage by upregulating Nrf2 expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β)/Fyn pathway. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J and Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice were injected with Ang II to induce aortic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac remodeling (increased fibrosis and wall thickness). SFN treatment prevented aortic damage via Nrf2 activation in the WT mice. However, the protective effect of SFN on Ang II-induced aortic damage and upregulation of genes downstream of Nrf2 were not observed in Nrf2-KO mice. SFN induced the upregulation of aortic Nrf2 and inhibited the accumulation of ERK, GSK-3β, and Fyn in the nuclei. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that Nrf2 plays a central role in protecting against Ang II-induced aortic injury. Furthermore, SFN prevented Ang II-induced aortic damage by activating Nrf2 through the ERK/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Dias CJ, Costa HA, Alves Dias-Filho CA, Ferreira AC, Rodrigues B, Irigoyen MC, Romão Borges AC, de Andadre Martins V, Branco Vidal FC, Ribeiro RM, Filho NS, Mostarda CT. Carvacrol reduces blood pressure, arterial responsiveness and increases expression of MAS receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 917:174717. [PMID: 34953800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the effect of the use of carvacrol in the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Methods: Twenty animals were allocated in four groups, one group control Wistar receiving only sorbitol, used as vehicle of administration of the carvacrol (Wistar-Vehicle), one control group SHR, also receive only sorbitol (SHR-Vehicle), a third, treated with losartan (SHR-Losartan/50 mg/kg), and the fourth, treated with carvacrol (SHR - Carvacrol/20 mg/kg). Sorbitol, losartan and carvacrol were administered by oral gavage daily for 30-day. Hemodynamic variables, vascular reactivity, biochemical parameters, and expression of Mas and AT1 receptors in kidney tissues were analyzed. RESULTS SHR- Carvacrol group showed a maximal effect of inhibition of 56% in the curve of norepinephrine. The Emax of the curves with Ca2+ were smaller in the groups SHR-losartan (40.17%) and SHR-carvacrol (35.71%) when compared to the SHR-Vehicle. The carvacrol increased the expression of the MAS receptors in kidney tissue. CONCLUSION Thirty days of treatment with carvacrol showed an antihypertensive effect associated with less peripheral vascular resistance. Also, treatment with carvacrol increased the expression of MAS receptors in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos José Dias
- Northeast Biotechnology Network Postgraduate Program (Renorbio), Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Laboratory (LACORE), Federal University of Maranhão, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Cardiorenal Adaptations to Exercise Laboratory (LACE), Federal University of Maranhão, Pinheiro /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Herikson Araújo Costa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Alves Dias-Filho
- Northeast Biotechnology Network Postgraduate Program (Renorbio), Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Laboratory (LACORE), Federal University of Maranhão, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Andressa Coelho Ferreira
- Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Laboratory (LACORE), Federal University of Maranhão, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Graduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Physical Education College, State University of Campinas, Campinas/St Paul, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Faculty of Medicine of USP, InCor Experimental Hypertension Laboratory, St Paul/St Paul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Romão Borges
- Northeast Biotechnology Network Postgraduate Program (Renorbio), Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Vicenilma de Andadre Martins
- Northeast Biotechnology Network Postgraduate Program (Renorbio), Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Melo Ribeiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Natalino Salgado Filho
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Cristiano T Mostarda
- Northeast Biotechnology Network Postgraduate Program (Renorbio), Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Laboratory (LACORE), Federal University of Maranhão, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil; Graduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhao, St. Luis /Maranhao, Brazil.
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Yang CC, Sung PH, Chen KH, Chai HT, Chiang JY, Ko SF, Lee FY, Yip HK. Valsartan- and melatonin-supported adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells preserve renal function in chronic kidney disease rat through upregulation of prion protein participated in promoting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and cell proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112551. [PMID: 34923336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that valsartan (Val) and melatonin (Mel)-assisted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) preserved the residual renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat through promoting cellular-prior-protein (PrPC) to upregulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and cell proliferation. In vitro study demonstrated that as compared with CKD-derived-ADMSCs, Val/Mel/overexpression of PrPC-treated CKD derived-ADMSCs significantly upregulated cell proliferation and protein expressions of PrPC and phosphorylated (p)-PI3K/p-Akt/p-mTOR, and downregulated oxidative stress (all p < 0.001). Rats (n = 42) were categorized into group 1 (sham-operated-control), group 2 (CKD), group 3 (CKD + ADMSCs/1.2 ×106 cells) + Mel/20 mg/kg/day), group 4 (CKD + siRNA-PrPC-ADMSCs/1.2 ×106 cells), group 5 (CKD + ADMSCs/1.2 ×106 cells + Val/20 mg/kg/day) and group 6 (CKD + Val + Mel). By day 35, the kidney specimens were harvested and the result showed that the protein expression of PrPC was highest in group 1, lowest in groups 2/4 and significantly lower in group 6 than in groups 3/5, but it was similar in groups 3/5 (all p < 0.0001). The protein expressions of cell-stress-signaling (p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-mTOR) and cell-cycle activity (cyclin-D1/clyclin-E2/Cdk2/Cdk4) exhibited an identical pattern, whereas the protein expressions of oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2)/mitochondrial fission (PINK1/DRP1)/apoptosis (cleaved-capsase3/cleaved-PARP) and fibrosis (TFG-ß/Smad3) as well as creatinine/BUN levels, ratio of urine-protein to urine-creatine and kidney-injured score exhibited an opposite pattern of PrPC among the groups (all p < 0.0001). In conclusion, Mel/Val facilitated-ADMSCs preserved renal architecture and function in CKD rat through promoting PrPC to regulate the cell proliferation/oxidative-stress/cell-stress signalings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Tan Chai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John Y Chiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheung-Fat Ko
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Yen Lee
- Division of thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen 361028, Fujian, China.
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Angiotensin II inhibition: a potential treatment to slow the progression of sarcopenia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2503-2520. [PMID: 34751393 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. The etiology of sarcopenia has been postulated to be multifactorial with genetics, aging, immobility, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, stress, and endocrine factors all contributing to the imbalance of muscle anabolism and catabolism. The prevalence of sarcopenia is estimated to range from 13 to 24% in adults over 60 years of age and up to 50% in persons aged 80 and older. As the population continues to age, the prevalence of sarcopenia continues to increase and is expected to affect 500 million people by the year 2050. Sarcopenia impacts the overall health of patients through limitations in functional status, increase in hospital readmissions, poorer hospital outcomes, and increase in overall mortality. Thus, there exists a need to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms and current studies regarding angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on reducing the development of sarcopenia through the associated changes in cardiovascular function, renal function, muscle fiber composition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic efficiency, and mitochondrial function.
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Endothelial progenitor cells predict vascular damage progression in naive hypertensive patients according to sex. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1451-1461. [PMID: 34471254 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Early indicators of vascular damage represent independent predictors of CV prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of EPCs and circulating cytokine levels with vascular damage markers in naive hypertensive patients according to sex and to evaluate the role of EPCs in vascular damage progression. We enrolled 60 subjects; circulating EPCs were determined by cytometric analysis, and serum cytokines were determined by chemiluminescence microarray technology. Endothelial function was estimated with the measurement of the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), arterial stiffness (AS) was evaluated with the measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by a high-resolution ultrasound B-mode system. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after an average follow-up of 3.0 ± 0.6 years. RHI was correlated with EPCs and inversely related to HOMA, TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP, and IL-1β. PWV was positively correlated with HOMA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and hs-CRP, and it was inversely related to EPCs. An inverse relationship was observed between c-IMT and EPCs and e-GFR. EPCs were the major predictor of the RHI and PWV. After adjustment for vascular index basal values and the other covariates, EPCs explained 17.0%, 27.7%, and 10.6% of the variability in ΔRHI, ΔPWV, and Δc-IMT at follow-up, respectively. Our study results support the hypothesis of an etiological link between circulating EPCs and morphofunctional vascular parameters in hypertensive subjects. Of interest, circulating EPCs, after adjusting for possible confounding factors, may indicate vascular damage progression.
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Molecules and Mechanisms to Overcome Oxidative Stress Inducing Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Patients. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020105. [PMID: 33573162 PMCID: PMC7911715 DOI: 10.3390/life11020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules involved in signal transduction pathways with both beneficial and detrimental effects on human cells. ROS are generated by many cellular processes including mitochondrial respiration, metabolism and enzymatic activities. In physiological conditions, ROS levels are well-balanced by antioxidative detoxification systems. In contrast, in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular, neurological and cancer diseases, ROS production exceeds the antioxidative detoxification capacity of cells, leading to cellular damages and death. In this review, we will first describe the biology and mechanisms of ROS mediated oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Second, we will review the role of oxidative stress mediated by oncological treatments in inducing cardiovascular disease. Lastly, we will discuss the strategies that potentially counteract the oxidative stress in order to fight the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, including that induced by oncological treatments.
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Li YP, Fan ZX, Gao J, Sun XP, Zhu GH, Zhang YH, Si J, Zuo XB, Liu Z, Hua Q, Li J. Influencing factors of vascular endothelial function in patients with non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis: a 1-year observational study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32000667 PMCID: PMC6993456 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction may play a key role in non-obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the vascular endothelial function and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 131 consecutive patients with non-obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis were enrolled. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was measured at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were counted by staining the fasting venous blood with antibodies against CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and the levels of HbA1c in participants with baseline FMD < 6% (n = 65) were significantly higher than those with baseline FMD ≥ 6% (n = 66). Baseline FMD was negatively associated with EPC counts (r = - 0.199, P < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (r = - 0.315, P < 0.01). The 1-year FMD was significantly increased compared to the baseline FMD [(9.31 ± 5.62) % vs (7.31 ± 5.26) %, P < 0.001]. Independent predictors of FMD improvement included elevated EPC counts (OR = 1.104, 95% CI: 1.047-1.165, P < 0.001) and decreased levels of serum creatinine (OR = 0.915, 95% CI: 0.843-0.993, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, elevated systolic pressure, and HbA1c > 6.5% are independent risk factors for endothelial dysfunction in non-obstructive atherosclerotic patients. Elevated peripheral blood EPC counts and decreased levels of serum creatinine are independent predictors of endothelial function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xi-Peng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ying-Hua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jin Si
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xue-Bing Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Lin L, Zhang L, Li XT, Ji JK, Chen XQ, Li YL, Li C. Rhynchophylline Attenuates Senescence of Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Enhancing Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1617. [PMID: 32047439 PMCID: PMC6997466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of blood pressure accelerates endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) senescence, hence a significant reduction in the number of EPCs is common in patients with hypertension. Autophagy is a defense and stress regulation mechanism to assist cell homeostasis and organelle renewal. A growing number of studies have found that autophagy has a positive role in repairing vascular injury, but the potential mechanism between autophagy and senescence of EPCs induced by hypertension has rarely been studied. Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore the relationship between senescence and autophagy, and investigate the protective effect of rhynchophylline (Rhy) on EPCs. In angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated EPCs, enhancing autophagy through rapamycin mitigated Ang II-induced cell senescence, on the contrary, 3-methyladenine aggravated the senescence by weakening autophagy. Similarly, Rhy attenuated senescence and improved cellular function by rescuing the impaired autophagy in Ang II-treated EPCs. Furthermore, we found that Rhy promoted autophagy by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Our results show that enhanced autophagy attenuates EPCs senescence and Rhy rescues autophagy impairment to protect EPCs against Ang II injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Tong Li
- Institute of Education and Psychological Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Kang Ji
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Lun Li
- Experiment Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Experiment Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Sciatti E, Cavazzana I, Vizzardi E, Bonadei I, Fredi M, Taraborelli M, Ferizi R, Metra M, Tincani A, Franceschini F. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Close Relationship. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 15:177-188. [PMID: 30474532 DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666181126105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated atherosclerosis, responsible for premature cardiovascular disease, has been estimated to develop or progress in 10% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients each year and to be 6-fold more frequent in SLE compared with the general population. The mechanisms underlying accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE are complex and involve classical and "non-classical" cardiovascular risk factors. Subclinical and disseminated atherosclerosis is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to analyze the association between SLE and endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in SLE, which are briefly reported in this review: impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, oxidative stress markers, B cell activation with different circulating autoantibodies, different subtypes of T lymphocytes, cytokine cascade. Several studies and meta-analyses show a significant trend towards a prevalence of subclinical accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls, since childhood. Based on general considerations, we suggest a multidisciplinary management to assess endothelial dysfunction at the diagnosis of the disease and to periodically search for and treat the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefits of this management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Sciatti
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunolgy Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivano Bonadei
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Micaela Fredi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunolgy Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mara Taraborelli
- Internal Medicine Unit, ASST Franciacorta, Chiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Romina Ferizi
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunolgy Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunolgy Unit, University and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Mulinari-Santos G, Santos JSD, Palin LP, Silva ACED, Antoniali C, Faverani LP, Okamoto R. Losartan improves alveolar bone dynamics in normotensive rats but not in hypertensive rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180574. [PMID: 31596365 PMCID: PMC6768119 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main causes of premature death in the world; also, it is associated with several bone alterations. Preclinical studies have demonstrated delayed alveolar bone healing in hypertensive rats. However, losartan has been favorable for consolidation of bone grafts and reduction in active periodontitis. Therefore, losartan is suggested to be effective in bone formation stages, as well as in the synthesis of matrix proteins and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mulinari-Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departmento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Letícia Pitol Palin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Perez Faverani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departmento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de odontologia de Araçatuba, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil.,Affiliated with Research productivity scholarship (Process:306389/2017-7)
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12
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Kim SR, Eirin A, Herrmann SMS, Saad A, Juncos LA, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Preserved endothelial progenitor cell angiogenic activity in African American essential hypertensive patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:392-401. [PMID: 28402508 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African American (AA) subjects with essential hypertension (EH) have greater inflammation and cardiovascular complications than Caucasian EH. An impaired endogenous cellular repair system may exacerbate vascular injury in hypertension, yet whether these differ between AA EH and Caucasian EH remains unknown. Vascular repair by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is controlled by regulators of EPC mobilization, homing, adhesion and new vessel formation, but can be hindered by various cytokines. We hypothesized that EPC levels and function would be impaired in AA EH compared with Caucasian EH, in association with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and EPC regulators. Methods CD34+/KDR+ EPCs were isolated from inferior vena cava and renal vein blood samples of AA EH and Caucasian EH patients (n = 18 each) and from peripheral veins of 17 healthy volunteers (HVs) and enumerated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Angiogenic function of late-outgrowth endothelial cells expanded from these samples for 3 weeks was tested in vitro. Levels of inflammatory mediators, angiogenic factors and EPC regulators were measured by Luminex. Results EPC levels were decreased in both AA and Caucasian EH compared with HVs, whereas their late-outgrowth endothelial cell angiogenic function was comparable. Levels of several inflammatory mediators were elevated in AA EH compared with Caucasian EH and HVs. Contrarily, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor-2 were lower. EPC levels inversely correlated with blood pressure in all hypertensive patients and estimated glomerular filtration rate with inflammatory mediators only in AA EH. Conclusions Despite lower EPC numbers, decreased vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and inflammation, EPC function is preserved in AA EH compared with Caucasian EH and HVs, suggesting compensatory mechanisms for vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Saad
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Luis A Juncos
- Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zhang JQ, Yang GH, Zhou X, Liu JX, Shi R, Dong Y, Chen SB, Li YM. Effects of allisartan isoproxil on blood pressure and target organ injury in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14907. [PMID: 30896643 PMCID: PMC6708765 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists have lower blood pressure and have target organ protective effects, but this is not the case for the drug allisartan isoproxil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of allisartan isoproxil on blood pressure and target organ injury in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.In total, 80 essential hypertensive participants were randomly divided into an allisartan group and a nifedipine group (n = 40 per group), and their blood pressure was measured once per month for 6 months. A 2-dimensional echocardiogram was performed at baseline and at the end of the study. The serum levels of renal injury indexes, endothelial function markers, inflammatory factors, blood biochemical assays and urinary measurements were determined at baseline and at 6 months.At the end of the study, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased in the allisartan group compared with baseline and showed the same antihypertensive effect as the nifedipine group. Meanwhile, the left ventricular remodeling, 24-hours levels of urinary microalbumin, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness were all significantly improved compared with that of the baseline and the nifedipine group (all P < .05).The present study showed that allisartan isoproxil had favorable blood pressure lowering and heart, renal, and endothelial protective effects in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qi Zhang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xin Zhou
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University
| | | | - Rui Shi
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yan Dong
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University
| | | | - Yu-Ming Li
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University
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14
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Han J, Shi X, Zheng Z, Zhang B, Shi F, Jiang L, Xu J. Schisandrin B protects against angiotensin II-induced endotheliocyte deficits by targeting Keap1 and activating Nrf2 pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3985-3997. [PMID: 30538426 PMCID: PMC6255115 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s184245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Schisandrin B (SchB), the main active constituent in Schisandra chinensis, has antioxidant activities. Endothelial dysfunction leads to various cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is a crucial pathophysiological mechanism underpinning endothelial dysfunction. Methods We elucidated the role and underlying mechanisms of SchB in angiotensin II-induced rat aortic endothelial-cell deficits and explored targets of SchB through siRNA analysis and molecular docking. We measured apoptosis by TUNEL and oxidative stress by dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2’,7’ –dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF) staining. Results Our results demonstrated that SchB significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane-potential depolarization and apoptosis in angiotensin II-challenged rat aortic endothelial cells. We further discovered that these antioxidative effects of SchB were mediated through induction of Nrf2. Importantly, using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, we identified that Keap1, an adaptor for the degradation of Nrf2, was a target of SchB. Conclusion These findings support the potential use of SchB as a Keap1 inhibitor for attenuating oxidative stress, and Keap1 might serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Han
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Zhanxiong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Fengjie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China, ;
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15
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Insights into Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Origin, Classification, Potentials, and Prospects. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9847015. [PMID: 30581475 PMCID: PMC6276490 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9847015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood marked the beginning of a new era with enormous potential in the rapidly transforming regenerative field. Overwhelmed with the revelation, researchers across the globe focused on isolating, defining, and interpreting the role of EPCs in various physiological and pathological conditions. Consequently, controversies emerged regarding the isolation techniques and classification of EPCs. Nevertheless, the potential of using EPCs in tissue engineering as an angiogenic source has been extensively explored. Concomitantly, the impact of EPCs on various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied. Within the limitations of the current knowledge, this review attempts to delineate the concept of EPCs in a sequential manner from the speculative history to a definitive presence (origin, sources of EPCs, isolation, and identification) and significance of these EPCs. Additionally, this review is aimed at serving as a guide for investigators, identifying potential research gaps, and summarizing our current and future prospects regarding EPCs.
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16
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Fabris ALDS, Mulinari-Santos G, Hassumi JS, Freire AR, Faverani LP, Gruber R, Okamoto R. Morphometric and histologic characterization of alveolar bone from hypertensive patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 19:1106-1113. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Luís da Silva Fabris
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriel Mulinari-Santos
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Suemi Hassumi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Science; Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Department of Morphology; Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leonardo Perez Faverani
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic; Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Science; Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Araçatuba São Paulo Brazil
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Abstract
Although the endothelium has a number of important functions, the term endothelial dysfunction is commonly used to describe impairment in its vasodilatory capacity. It is increasingly recognized that this is related to hypertension, although whether it predates essential hypertension or is a consequence of it is still unknown. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension, its prognostic significance and methods of pharmacological reversal.
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18
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Endothelial progenitor cells and hypertension: current concepts and future implications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:2029-2042. [PMID: 27729472 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a group of cells that play important roles in angiogenesis and the maintenance of vascular endothelial integrity, has led to considerable improvements in our understanding of the circulatory system and the regulatory mechanisms of vascular homoeostasis. Despite lingering disputes over where EPCs actually originate and how they facilitate angiogenesis, extensive research in the past decade has brought about significant advancements in this field of research, establishing EPCs as an essential element in the pathogenesis of various diseases. EPC and hypertensive disorders, especially essential hypertension (EH, also known as primary hypertension), represent one of the most appealing branches in this area of research. Chronic hypertension remains a major threat to public health, and the exact pathologic mechanisms of EH have never been fully elucidated. Is there a relationship between EPC and hypertension? If so, what is the nature of such relationship-is it mediated by blood pressure alterations, or other factors that lie in between? How can our current knowledge about EPCs be utilized to advance the prevention and clinical management of hypertension? In this review, we set out to answer these questions by summarizing the current concepts about EPC pathophysiology in the context of hypertension, while attempting to point out directions for future research on this subject.
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19
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Radenkovic M, Stojanović M, Nešić IM, Prostran M. Angiotensin receptor blockers & endothelial dysfunction: Possible correlation & therapeutic implications. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:154-168. [PMID: 27934794 PMCID: PMC5206866 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.195022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is one of the most important constituents of vascular homeostasis, which is achieved through continual and balanced production of different relaxing and contractile factors. When there is a pathological disturbance in release of these products, endothelial dysfunction (ED) will probably occur. ED is considered to be the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. This pathological activation and inadequate functioning of endothelial cells was shown to be to some extent a reversible process, which all together resulted in increased interest in investigation of different beneficial treatment options. To this point, the pharmacological approach, including for example, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or statins, was clearly shown to be effective in the improvement of ED. One of many critical issues underlying ED represents instability in the balance between nitric oxide and angiotensin II (Ang II) production. Considering that Ang II was confirmed to be important for the development of ED, the aim of this review article was to summarize the findings of up to date clinical studies associated with therapeutic application of angiotensin receptor blockers and improvement in ED. In addition, it was of interest to review the pleiotropic actions of angiotensin receptor blockers linked to the improvement of ED. The prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo or active-controlled clinical trials were identified and selected for the final evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Milićević Nešić
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prostran
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Dulce RA, Kulandavelu S, Schulman IH, Fritsch J, Hare JM. Nitric Oxide Regulation of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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21
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Katakawa M, Fukuda N, Tsunemi A, Mori M, Maruyama T, Matsumoto T, Abe M, Yamori Y. Taurine and magnesium supplementation enhances the function of endothelial progenitor cells through antioxidation in healthy men and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:848-856. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Altabas V, Altabas K, Kirigin L. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ageing and age-related diseases: How currently available treatment modalities affect EPC biology, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:49-62. [PMID: 26919825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mononuclear cells that circulate in the blood and are derived from different tissues, expressing cell surface markers that are similar to mature endothelial cells. The discovery of EPCs has lead to new insights in vascular repair and atherosclerosis and also a new theory for ageing. EPCs from the bone marrow and some other organs aid in vascular repair by migrating to distant vessels where they differentiate into mature endothelial cells and replace old and injured endothelial cells. The ability of EPCs to repair vascular damage depends on their number and functionality. Currently marketed drugs used in a variety of diseases can modulate these characteristics. In this review, the effect of currently available treatment options for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders on EPC biology will be discussed. The various EPC-based therapies that will be discussed include lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, phosphodiesteraze inhibitors, hormones, as well as EPC capturing stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karmela Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lora Kirigin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
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Gkaliagkousi E, Gavriilaki E, Triantafyllou A, Douma S. Clinical Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 17:85. [PMID: 26371063 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is recognized as a major determinant of vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Over the last few decades, a plethora of studies have implicated endothelial dysfunction in the progression of atherosclerosis and the subclinical target organ damage observed in essential hypertension. However, the clinical significance of diagnosing endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension remains under investigation. Although a number of vascular and non-vascular markers of endothelial dysfunction have been proposed, there is an ongoing quest for a marker in the clinical setting that is optimal, inexpensive, and reproducible. In addition, endothelial dysfunction emerges as a promising therapeutic target of agents that are readily available in clinical practice. In this context, a better understanding of its role in essential hypertension becomes of great importance. Here, we aim to investigate the clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension by accumulating novel data on (a) early diagnosis using robust markers with prognostic value in cardiovascular risk prediction, (b) the association of endothelial dysfunction with subclinical vascular organ damage, and (c) potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ring Road Nea Eukarpia, 564 03, Thessaloniki, Greece
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24
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Ye L, Poh KK. Enhancing endothelial progenitor cell for clinical use. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:894-898. [PMID: 26240678 PMCID: PMC4515434 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been demonstrated to correlate negatively with vascular endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors. However, translation of basic research into the clinical practice has been limited by the lack of unambiguous and consistent definitions of EPCs and reduced EPC cell number and function in subjects requiring them for clinical use. This article critically reviews the definition of EPCs based on commonly used protocols, their value as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk factor in subjects with cardiovascular disease, and strategies to enhance EPCs for treatment of ischemic diseases.
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25
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Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintenance of the endothelial integrity and vascular homeostasis, as well as in neovascularization. Dysfunctional EPCs are believed to contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and are closely related to the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of EPC dysfunction are complicated and remain largely elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key factors that involve in modulation of stem and progenitor cell function under various physiologic and pathologic conditions. It has been shown that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS are the major sources of ROS in cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence suggests that NOX-mediated oxidative stress can modulate EPC bioactivities, such as mobilization, migration, and neovascularization, and that inhibition of NOX has been shown to improve EPC functions. This review summarized recent progress in the studies on the correlation between NOX-mediated EPC dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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26
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Schutt RC, Trachtenberg BH, Cooke JP, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Perin EC, Ellis SG, Zhao DXM, Bhatnagar A, Johnstone BH, Lai D, Resende M, Ebert RF, Wu JC, Sayre SL, Orozco A, Zierold C, Simari RD, Moyé L, Cogle CR, Taylor DA. Bone marrow characteristics associated with changes in infarct size after STEMI: a biorepository evaluation from the CCTRN TIME trial. Circ Res 2015; 116:99-107. [PMID: 25406300 PMCID: PMC4282599 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite significant interest in bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC) therapy for ischemic heart disease, current techniques have resulted in only modest benefits. However, selected patients have shown improvements after autologous BMC therapy, but the contributing factors are unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify BMC characteristics associated with a reduction in infarct size after ST-segment-elevation-myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective study comprised patients consecutively enrolled in the CCTRN TIME (Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network Timing in Myocardial Infarction Evaluation) trial who agreed to have their BMCs stored and analyzed at the CCTRN Biorepository. Change in infarct size between baseline (3 days after percutaneous coronary intervention) and 6-month follow-up was measured by cardiac MRI. Infarct-size measurements and BMC phenotype and function data were obtained for 101 patients (mean age, 56.5 years; mean screening ejection fraction, 37%; mean baseline cardiac MRI ejection fraction, 45%). At 6 months, 75 patients (74.3%) showed a reduction in infarct size (mean change, -21.0±17.6%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that infarct size reduction was greater in patients who had a larger percentage of CD31(+) BMCs (P=0.046) and in those with faster BMC growth rates in colony-forming unit Hill and endothelial-colony forming cell functional assays (P=0.033 and P=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study identified BMC characteristics associated with a better clinical outcome in patients with segment-elevation-myocardial infarction and highlighted the importance of endothelial precursor activity in regenerating infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, it suggests that for these patients with segment-elevation-myocardial infarction, myocardial repair was more dependent on baseline BMC characteristics than on whether the patient underwent intracoronary BMC transplantation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00684021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Schutt
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Barry H Trachtenberg
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - John P Cooke
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Jay H Traverse
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Timothy D Henry
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Carl J Pepine
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - James T Willerson
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Emerson C Perin
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Stephen G Ellis
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - David X M Zhao
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Brian H Johnstone
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Dejian Lai
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Micheline Resende
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Ray F Ebert
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Shelly L Sayre
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Aaron Orozco
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Claudia Zierold
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Robert D Simari
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Lem Moyé
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.).
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
| | - Doris A Taylor
- From the Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.) and Houston Methodist Research Institute (R.C.S., B.H.T., J.P.C.), TX; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, MN (J.H.T.); Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (T.D.H.); University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (C.J.P., C.R.C.); Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health, Houston (J.T.W., E.C.P., M.R., A.O., D.A.T.); University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (C.Z.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.G.E.); Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.X.M.Z.); University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY (A.B.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.H.J.); The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston (D.L., S.L.S., L.M.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (R.F.E.); Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA (J.C.W.); and Kansas University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kansas City (R.D.S.)
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Altabas V. Diabetes, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Vascular Repair: What Should a Diabetologist Keep His Eye on? Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:848272. [PMID: 26089898 PMCID: PMC4452196 DOI: 10.1155/2015/848272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. A prominent attribute of diabetic cardiovascular complications is accelerated atherosclerosis, considered as a still incurable disease, at least at more advanced stages. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), able to replace old and injured mature endothelial cells and capable of differentiating into healthy and functional endothelial cells, has offered the prospect of merging the traditional theories on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with evolving concepts of vascular biology. The literature supports the notion that EPC alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in diabetics, but at present many questions remain unanswered. In this review the aspects linking endothelial progenitor cells to the altered vascular biology in diabetes mellitus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Altabas
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases “Mladen Sekso”, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- *V. Altabas:
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Chen Z, Herrmann SMS, Zhu X, Jordan KL, Gloviczki ML, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Preserved function of late-outgrowth endothelial cells in medically treated hypertensive patients under well-controlled conditions. Hypertension 2014; 64:808-14. [PMID: 25047576 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in renal repair, but their number and function may be impaired by exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The number of circulating EPCs is decreased in essential and renovascular hypertensive patients, but the effects of hypertension on EPC function are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that EPC function was preserved under well-controlled conditions in treated hypertensive patients. Patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS; n=22) or essential hypertension (n=24) were studied during controlled sodium intake and antihypertensive regimen. Late-outgrowth EPCs were isolated from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and renal vein blood of ARAS and essential hypertension patients and a peripheral vein of matched normotensive controls (n=18). The angiogenic function of EPCs was assessed in vitro, and multidetector computed tomography was used to measure single-kidney hemodynamics and function in ARAS and essential hypertension patients. Inflammatory biomarkers and EPC homing signal levels and renal release were calculated. Inferior vena cava and renal vein-obtained EPC function were similar in ARAS and essential hypertension patients and comparable to that in normal controls (tube length, 171.86±16.846, 191.09±14.222, 174.925±19.774 μm, respectively). Function of renal vein-obtained EPCs directly correlated with stenotic kidney glomerular filtration rate, EPC homing factors, and anti-inflammatory mediator levels in ARAS patients. Therefore, EPC function was relatively preserved in ARAS patients, although it directly correlated with renal function. Adequate EPC function supports the feasibility of using autologous EPCs as a therapeutic option in essential and renovascular hypertensive patients. Homing signals and inflammatory mediators may potentially regulate EPC angiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Sandra M S Herrmann
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Monika L Gloviczki
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Amir Lerman
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Stephen C Textor
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.).
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Zubcevic J, Santisteban MM, Pitts T, Baekey DM, Perez PD, Bolser DC, Febo M, Raizada MK. Functional neural-bone marrow pathways: implications in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 2014; 63:e129-39. [PMID: 24688127 PMCID: PMC4295780 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Monica M. Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Teresa Pitts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - David M. Baekey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Pablo D. Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Donald C. Bolser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32610
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Imbalance between endothelial damage and repair: a gateway to cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:178721. [PMID: 24790989 PMCID: PMC3984775 DOI: 10.1155/2014/178721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is accelerated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and it leads to excessive cardiovascular complications in these patients. Despite the improved awareness of cardiovascular disease and advent of clinical diagnostics, the process of atherogenesis in most patients remains clinically silent until symptoms and signs of cardiovascular complications develop. As evidence has demonstrated that vascular damage is already occurring before clinically overt cardiovascular disease develops in lupus patients, intervention at the preclinical stage of atherogenesis would be plausible. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction, one of the earliest steps of atherogenesis, has been demonstrated to occur in lupus patients even when they are naïve for cardiovascular disease. Currently known “endothelium-toxic” factors including type 1 interferon, proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells, immune complexes, costimulatory molecules, neutrophils extracellular traps, lupus-related autoantibodies, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia, coupled with the aberrant functions of the endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) which are crucial to vascular repair, likely tip the balance towards endothelial dysfunction and propensity to develop cardiovascular disease in lupus patients. In this review, altered physiology of the endothelium, factors leading to perturbed vascular repair contributed by lupus EPC and the impact of proatherogenic factors on the endothelium which potentially lead to atherosclerosis in lupus patients will be discussed.
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