1
|
Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vascular Ca V1.2 channels in diabetes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:65-93. [PMID: 36368875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic vasculopathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. Hyperglycemia, one of the central metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, has been associated with vascular dysfunction due to endothelial cell damage. However, studies also point toward vascular smooth muscle as a locus for hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. Emerging evidence implicates hyperglycemia-induced regulation of vascular L-type Ca2+ channels CaV1.2 as a potential mechanism for vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of vascular CaV1.2 channels and their regulation during physiological and hyperglycemia/diabetes conditions. We will emphasize the role of CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle, the effects of elevated glucose on CaV1.2 function, and the mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conclude by examining future directions and gaps in knowledge regarding CaV1.2 regulation in health and during diabetes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Diminished Rbfox1 increases vascular constriction by dynamically regulating alternative splicing of CaV1.2 calcium channel in hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:803-817. [PMID: 35543237 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium influx from depolarized CaV1.2 calcium channels triggers the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is important for maintaining vascular myogenic tone and blood pressure. The function of CaV1.2 channel can be subtly modulated by alternative splicing (AS), and its aberrant splicing involves in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The RNA binding protein Rbfox1 is reported to regulate the AS events of CaV1.2 channel in the neuronal development, but its potential roles in vascular CaV1.2 channels and vasoconstriction remain undefined. Here, we detect Rbfox1 is expressed in rat vascular smooth muscles. Moreover, the protein level of Rbfox1 is dramatically decreased in the hypertensive small arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats in comparison to normotensive ones from Wistar-Kyoto rats. In VSMCs, Rbfox1 could dynamically regulate the AS of CaV1.2 exons 9* and 33. By whole-cell patch clamp, we identify knockdown of Rbfox1 induces the hyperpolarization of CaV1.2 current-voltage relationship curve in VSMCs. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rbfox1 increases the K+-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. In summary, our results indicate Rbfox1 modulates vascular constriction by dynamically regulating CaV1.2 alternative exons 9* and 33. Therefore, our work elucidates the underlying mechanisms for CaV1.2 channels regulation and provides a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei J, Liu X, Song M, Zhou Y, Fan J, Shen X, Xu X, Kapoor I, Zhu G, Wang (王觉进) J. Aberrant Exon 8/8a Splicing by Downregulated PTBP (Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein) 1 Increases Ca V1.2 Dihydropyridine Resistance to Attenuate Vasodilation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2440-2453. [PMID: 32787518 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium channel blockers, such as dihydropyridines, are commonly used to inhibit enhanced activity of vascular CaV1.2 channels in hypertension. However, patients who are insensitive to such treatments develop calcium channel blocker-resistant hypertension. The function of CaV1.2 channel is diversified by alternative splicing, and the splicing factor PTBP (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) 1 influences the utilization of mutually exclusive exon 8/8a of the CaV1.2 channel during neuronal development. Nevertheless, whether and how PTBP1 makes a role in the calcium channel blocker sensitivity of vascular CaV1.2 channels, and calcium channel blocker-induced vasodilation remains unknown. Approach and Results: We detected high expression of PTBP1 and, inversely, low expression of exon 8a in CaV1.2 channels (CaV1.2E8a) in rat arteries. In contrast, the opposite expression patterns were observed in brain and heart tissues. In comparison to normotensive rats, the expressions of PTBP1 and CaV1.2E8a channels were dysregulated in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats. Notably, PTBP1 expression was significantly downregulated, and CaV1.2E8a channels were aberrantly increased in dihydropyridine-resistant arteries compared with dihydropyridine-sensitive arteries of rats and human. In rat vascular smooth muscle cells, PTBP1 knockdown resulted in shifting of CaV1.2 exon 8 to 8a. Using patch-clamp recordings, we demonstrated a concomitant reduction of sensitivity of CaV1.2 channels to nifedipine, due to the higher expression of CaV1.2E8a isoform. In vascular myography experiments, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PTBP1 attenuated nifedipine-induced vasodilation of rat mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSIONS PTBP1 finely modulates the sensitivities of CaV1.2 channels to dihydropyridine by shifting the utilization of exon 8/8a and resulting in changes of responses in dihydropyridine-induced vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (J.L., M.S., Y.Z., J.F., G.Z., J.W.)
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (X.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (J.L., M.S., Y.Z., J.F., G.Z., J.W.)
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (J.L., M.S., Y.Z., J.F., G.Z., J.W.)
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (J.L., M.S., Y.Z., J.F., G.Z., J.W.)
| | - Xiaowei Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (X.S., X.X.)
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (X.S., X.X.)
| | - Isha Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (J.L., M.S., Y.Z., J.F., G.Z., J.W.)
| | - Juejin Wang (王觉进)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (J.L., M.S., Y.Z., J.F., G.Z., J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A new approach to identifying hypertension-associated genes in the mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 37:1644-1656. [PMID: 30882592 PMCID: PMC6615961 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in humans who live a modern lifestyle. Alongside more effective care, clarification of the genetic background of hypertension is urgently required. Gene expression in mesenteric resistance arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and two types of renal hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), two kidneys and one clip renal hypertensive rat (2K1C) and one kidney and one clip renal hypertensive rat (1K1C), was compared using DNA microarrays. Methods: We used a simultaneous equation and comparative selection method to identify genes associated with hypertension using the Reactome analysis tool and GenBank database. Results: The expression of 298 genes was altered between SHR and WKY (44 upregulated and 254 downregulated), while the expression of 290 genes was altered between SHRSP and WKY (83 upregulated and 207 downregulated). For SHRSP versus SHR, the expression of 60 genes was altered (36 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Several genes expressed in SHR and SHRSP were also expressed in the renovascular hypertensive 2K1C and 1K1C rats, indicative of the existence of hyper-renin and/or hypervolemic pathophysiological changes in SHR and SHRSP. Conclusion: The overexpression of Kcnq1, Crlf1, Alb and Xirp1 and the inhibition of Galr2, Kcnh1, Ache, Chrm2 and Slc5a7 expression may indicate that a relationship exists between these genes and the cause and/or worsening of hypertension in SHR and SHRSP.
Collapse
|
7
|
Aerobic exercise-induced inhibition of PKCα/CaV1.2 pathway enhances the vasodilation of mesenteric arteries in hypertension. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Zhong Y, Feng X, Xu T, Yang C, Zhang W, Chen X, Fan X, Lu L, Zhang M, Li L, Xu Z. Inherited risk plus prenatal insult caused malignant dysfunction in mesenteric arteries in adolescent SHR offspring. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215994. [PMID: 31017969 PMCID: PMC6481862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia can induce cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. This study determined whether and how prenatal hypoxia may cause malignant hypertension and impaired vascular functions in spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) offspring at adolescent stage. Pregnant SHR were placed in a hypoxic chamber (11% O2) or normal environment (21% O2) from gestational day 6 until birth. Body weight and blood pressure (BP) of SHR offspring were measured every week from 5 weeks old. Mesenteric arteries were tested. Gestational hypoxia resulted in growth restriction during 6-12 weeks and a significant elevation in systolic pressure in adolescent offspring at 12 weeks old. Notably, endothelial vasodilatation of mesenteric arteries was impaired in SHR adolescent offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were reduced, as well as plasma nitric oxide levels and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vessels were decreased. Moreover, mesenteric arteries in SHR offspring following prenatal hypoxia showed enhanced constriction responses to phenylephrine (PE), associated with up-regulated activities of L-type calcium channel (Ca2+-dependent), RhoA/Rock pathway signaling (Ca2+-sensitization), and intracellular Ca2+ flow. Pressurized myograph demonstrated altered mechanical properties with aggravated stiffness in vessels, while histological analysis revealed vascular structural disorganization in prenatal hypoxia offspring. The results demonstrated that blood pressure and vascular function in young SHR offspring were affected by prenatal hypoxia, providing new information on development of hypertension in adolescent offspring with inherited hypertensive backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (LL)
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZX); (LL)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Galectin-1 attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through splice-variant specific modulation of CaV1.2 calcium channel. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:218-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Contribution of L-type Ca2+ channel-sarcoplasmic reticulum coupling to depolarization-induced arterial contraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:730-737. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Hill BJF, Dalton RJ, Joseph BK, Thakali KM, Rusch NJ. 17β-estradiol reduces Ca v 1.2 channel abundance and attenuates Ca 2+ -dependent contractions in coronary arteries. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 28971605 PMCID: PMC5625162 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One mechanism by which the female sex may protect against elevated coronary vascular tone is inhibition of Ca2+ entry into arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). In vitro findings confirm that high estrogen concentrations directly inhibit voltage‐dependent Cav1.2 channels in coronary ASMCs. For this study, we hypothesized that the nonacute, in vitro exposure of coronary arteries to a low concentration of 17β‐estradiol (17βE) reduces the expression of Cav1.2 channel proteins in coronary ASMCs. Segments of the right coronary artery obtained from sexually mature female pigs were mounted for isometric tension recording. As expected, our results indicate that high concentrations (≥10 μmol/L) of 17βE acutely attenuated Ca2+‐dependent contractions to depolarizing KCl stimuli. Interestingly, culturing coronary arteries for 24 h in a 10,000‐fold lower concentration (1 nmol/L) of 17βE also attenuated KCl‐induced contractions and reduced the contractile response to the Cav1.2 agonist, FPL64176, by 50%. Western blots revealed that 1 nmol/L 17βE decreased protein expression of the pore‐forming α1C subunit (Cavα) of the Cav1.2 channel by 35%; this response did not depend on an intact endothelium. The 17βE‐induced loss of Cavα protein in coronary arteries was prevented by the estrogen ERα/ERβ antagonist, ICI 182,780, whereas the GPER antagonist, G15, did not prevent it. There was no effect of 1 nmol/L 17βE on Cavα transcript expression. We conclude that 17βE reduces Cav1.2 channel abundance in isolated coronary arteries by a posttranscriptional process. This unrecognized effect of estrogen may confer physiological protection against the development of abnormal Ca2+‐dependent coronary vascular tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent J F Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas Conway, Conway, Arkansas
| | - Robin J Dalton
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas Conway, Conway, Arkansas
| | - Biny K Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center & Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alternative Splicing of L-type Ca V1.2 Calcium Channels: Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120344. [PMID: 29186814 PMCID: PMC5748662 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels are the major pathway for Ca2+ influx to initiate the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles. Alteration of CaV1.2 channel function has been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Alternative splicing is a post-transcriptional mechanism that expands CaV1.2 channel structures to modify function, pharmacological and biophysical property such as calcium/voltage-dependent inactivation (C/VDI), or to influence its post-translational modulation by interacting proteins such as Galectin-1. Alternative splicing has generated functionally diverse CaV1.2 isoforms that can be developmentally regulated in the heart, or under pathophysiological conditions such as in heart failure. More importantly, alternative splicing of certain exons of CaV1.2 has been reported to be regulated by splicing factors such as RNA-binding Fox-1 homolog 1/2 (Rbfox 1/2), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1) and RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20). Understanding how CaV1.2 channel function is remodelled in disease will provide better information to guide the development of more targeted approaches to discover therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou Y, Fan J, Zhu H, Ji L, Fan W, Kapoor I, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu G, Wang J. Aberrant Splicing Induced by Dysregulated Rbfox2 Produces Enhanced Function of Ca V1.2 Calcium Channel and Vascular Myogenic Tone in Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 70:1183-1192. [PMID: 28993448 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium influx from activated voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle cells is indispensable for maintaining myogenic tone and blood pressure. The function of CaV1.2 channel can be optimized by alternative splicing, one of post-transcriptional modification mechanisms. The splicing factor Rbfox2 is known to regulate the CaV1.2 pre-mRNA alternative splicing events during neuronal development. However, Rbfox2's roles in modulating the key function of vascular CaV1.2 channel and in the pathogenesis of hypertension remain elusive. Here, we report that the proportion of CaV1.2 channels with alternative exon 9* is increased by 10.3%, whereas that with alternative exon 33 is decreased by 10.5% in hypertensive arteries. Surprisingly, the expression level of Rbfox2 is increased ≈3-folds, presumably because of the upregulation of a dominant-negative isoform of Rbfox2. In vascular smooth muscle cells, we find that knockdown of Rbfox2 dynamically increases alternative exon 9*, whereas decreases exon 33 inclusion of CaV1.2 channels. By patch-clamp studies, we show that diminished Rbfox2-induced alternative splicing shifts the steady-state activation and inactivation curves of vascular CaV1.2 calcium channel to hyperpolarization, which makes the window current potential to more negative. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rbfox2 increases the pressure-induced vascular myogenic tone of rat mesenteric artery. Taken together, our data indicate that Rbfox2 modulates the functions of vascular CaV1.2 calcium channel by dynamically regulating the expressions of alternative exons 9* and 33, which in turn affects the vascular myogenic tone. Therefore, our work suggests a key role for Rbfox2 in hypertension, which provides a rational basis for designing antihypertensive therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Jia Fan
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Huayuan Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Li Ji
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Wenyong Fan
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Isha Kapoor
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Yue Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.)
| | - Juejin Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.Z., J.F., L.J., W.F., Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, G.Z., J.W.); Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (H.Z.); and Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (I.K.).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Unravelling the complexities of vascular smooth muscle ion channels: Fine tuning of activity by ancillary subunits. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:57-66. [PMID: 28336473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Which ion channel is the most important for regulating vascular tone? Which one is responsible for controlling the resting membrane potential or repolarization? Which channels are recruited by different intracellular signalling pathways or change in certain vascular diseases? Many different ion channels have been identified in the vasculature over the years and claimed as future therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, several of these ion channels are not just found in the vasculature, with many of them also found to have prominent functional roles in different organs of the body, which then leads to off-target effects. As cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase worldwide to epidemic proportions, ion channel research and the hunt for the next major therapeutic target to treat different vascular diseases has never been more important. However, I believe that the question we should now be asking is: which ancillary subunits are involved in regulating specific ion channels in the vasculature and do they have the potential to be new therapeutic targets?
Collapse
|
15
|
Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fransen P, Van Hove CE, Leloup AJA, Schrijvers DM, De Meyer GRY, De Keulenaer GW. Effect of angiotensin II-induced arterial hypertension on the voltage-dependent contractions of mouse arteries. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:257-67. [PMID: 26432297 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AHT) affects the voltage dependency of L-type Ca(2+) channels in cardiomyocytes. We analyzed the effect of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced AHT on L-type Ca(2+) channel-mediated isometric contractions in conduit arteries. AHT was induced in C57Bl6 mice with AngII-filled osmotic mini-pumps (4 weeks). Normotensive mice treated with saline-filled osmotic mini-pumps were used for comparison. Voltage-dependent contractions mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channels were studied in vaso-reactive studies in vitro in isolated aortic and femoral arteries by using extracellular K(+) concentration-response (KDR) experiments. In aortic segments, AngII-induced AHT significantly sensitized isometric contractions induced by elevated extracellular K(+) and depolarization. This sensitization was partly prevented by normalizing blood pressure with hydralazine, suggesting that it was caused by AHT rather than by direct AngII effects on aortic smooth muscle cells. The EC50 for extracellular K(+) obtained in vitro correlated significantly with the rise in arterial blood pressure induced by AngII in vivo. The AHT-induced sensitization persisted when aortic segments were exposed to levcromakalim or to inhibitors of basal nitric oxide release. Consistent with these observations, AngII-treatment also sensitized the vaso-relaxing effects of the L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker diltiazem during K(+)-induced contractions. Unlike aorta, AngII-treatment desensitized the isometric contractions to depolarization in femoral arteries pointing to vascular bed specific responses of arteries to hypertension. AHT affects the voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel-mediated contraction of conduit arteries. This effect may contribute to the decreased vascular compliance in AHT and explain the efficacy of Ca(2+) channel blockers to reduce vascular stiffness and central blood pressure in AHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fransen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, T2, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Cor E Van Hove
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Pharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, T2, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arthur J A Leloup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, T2, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M Schrijvers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, T2, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, T2, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, T2, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|