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Rich MB, Zawatsky CLB, Botta JJ, Christensen KD. Public perspective on medications to delay Alzheimer's disease symptoms. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:1009-1017. [PMID: 37102213 PMCID: PMC10593096 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease are emerging. Our research examined how personal risk for AD may influence intentions to ask for medications to delay symptoms of AD, and how the availability of such medications impacts interest in AD-related genetic testing. Invitations to a web-based survey were posted on social media sites. Respondents were sequentially assigned to imagine that they had a 5%, 15%, or 35% chance of developing AD. They were then provided a hypothetical scenario describing a medication that delayed AD symptoms. After reporting intentions to ask for the medication, respondents were asked about their interest in genetic testing to predict AD risk. Data from 310 individuals were analyzed. Intentions to ask for a preventative medication were greater for respondents presented AD risks of 35% compared to risks of 15% and 5% (86% vs. 66% vs. 62%, respectively, p < 0.001). The proportion who would ask for genetic susceptibility testing increased from 58% to 79% when respondents were told to imagine that a medication that delayed AD symptoms existed (p < 0.001). Findings suggest that individuals who know they have an increased risk for AD are more likely pursue medications to delay onset of disease symptoms, and the availability of AD-delaying treatments will increase interest in associated genetic testing. Findings provide insight about who will pursue emerging preventative medications, including individuals for whom the medications may be inappropriate, and the impact on genetic test utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Rich
- Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Carrie L. B. Zawatsky
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph J. Botta
- Joseph J Botta and Associates LLC, Putnam, CT, USA
- Westview Health Care Center, Dayville, CT, USA
| | - Kurt D. Christensen
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sakon CM, Tillman EM. Pharmacogenomics: a tool to improve medication safety and efficacy in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:559-556. [PMID: 35670256 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic, multiorgan system disease that involves the use of many medications to control symptoms associated with the underlying condition. Many of these medications have Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium evidence-based guidelines for pharmacogenomics that are available to guide dosing. The aim of this article is to review relevant literature and evaluate the utility of preemptive pharmacogenomics testing for persons with cystic fibrosis and propose a pharmacogenomics panel that could be considered standard of care for persons with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Sakon
- Pharmacy Department, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emma M Tillman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Martin JL, Lee YM, Corbin LW, Colson R, Aquilante CL. Patients' perspectives of a pharmacist-provided clinical pharmacogenomics service. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:463-474. [PMID: 35469451 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the perspectives and experiences of patients who participated in a pharmacist-provided clinical pharmacogenomics (PGx) service. Methods: We conducted individual semistructured interviews with 16 patients who received a pharmacist-provided PGx service. Qualitative data were analyzed to identify pertinent themes. Results: The major themes identified were: heterogeneity of patient PGx experiences and preferences, pharmacists as appropriate providers of PGx services, considerations regarding the use of PGx results in routine healthcare, and perceived applications of PGx testing. Theme-derived considerations included the need to establish appropriate pre-genotyping expectations, individualize patient education, facilitate collaboration with patients' providers and sustainably update patients' PGx information over time. Conclusion: Patient-specific perspectives such as these are important to consider when providing clinical PGx services, with intention of optimizing patient experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yee Ming Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa W Corbin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ronald Colson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina L Aquilante
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Tillman EM, Beavers CJ, Afanasjeva J, Momary KM, Strnad KG, Yerramilli A, Williams AM, Smith BA, Florczykowski B, Fahmy M. Current and future state of clinical pharmacist‐led precision medicine initiatives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica Fahmy
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
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Kolesar JM, Vermeulen LC. Precision medicine: Opportunities for health-system pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:999-1003. [PMID: 33693532 PMCID: PMC7989629 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Kolesar
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY.,University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lee C Vermeulen
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA.,UK HealthCare, Lexington, KY
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Stancil SL, Berrios C, Abdel-Rahman S. Adolescent perceptions of pharmacogenetic testing. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:335-343. [PMID: 33849282 PMCID: PMC8173518 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the expansion of pharmacogenetics (PGx), the views of pediatric patients remain unknown. This study explores adolescents' understanding and perceptions of PGx testing. Methods: Adolescents who had PGx testing were interviewed and their electronic health records were reviewed. Results: Adolescents accurately described reason for testing and most felt the results impacted their current and future care. None perceived risks to securing future employment or insurance. All felt PGx would benefit their peers. Conclusion: Adolescents understand the reasons for PGx and perceive testing to be useful, low risk and applicable to peers. Findings from this study advocate for the inclusion of adolescents in shared decision-making regarding testing and for active engagement in the discussion of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani L Stancil
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, MO 64108, USA
| | - Courtney Berrios
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Susan Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, MO 64108, USA
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Pharmacogenomics at the Point of Care: A Community Pharmacy Project in British Columbia. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010011. [PMID: 33374349 PMCID: PMC7823931 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study 180 patients were consented and enrolled for pharmacogenomic testing based on current antidepressant/antipsychotic usage. Samples from patients were genotyped by PCR, MassArray, and targeted next generation sequencing. We also conducted a quantitative, frequency-based analysis of participants’ perceptions using simple surveys. Pharmacogenomic information, including medication changes and altered dosing recommendations were returned to the pharmacists and used to direct patient therapy. Overwhelmingly, patients perceived pharmacists/pharmacies as an appropriate healthcare provider to deliver pharmacogenomic services. In total, 81 medication changes in 33 unique patients, representing 22% of all genotyped participants were recorded. We performed a simple drug cost analysis and found that medication adjustments and dosing changes across the entire cohort added $24.15CAD per patient per year for those that required an adjustment. Comparing different platforms, we uncovered a small number, 1.7%, of genotype discrepancies. We conclude that: (1). Pharmacists are competent providers of pharmacogenomic services. (2). The potential reduction in adverse drug responses and optimization of drug selection and dosing comes at a minimal cost to the health care system. (3). Changes in drug therapy, based on PGx tests, result in inconsequential changes in annual drug therapy cost with small cost increases just as likely as costs savings. (4). Pharmacogenomic services offered by pharmacists are ready for wide commercial implementation.
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ASHP Practice Advancement Initiative 2030: New recommendations for advancing pharmacy practice in health systems. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019; 77:113-121. [DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxz271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The process of updating the recommendations of the ASHP Practice Advancement Initiative (PAI) is described, and the new recommendations targeted toward the year 2030 are presented.
Summary
The process for updating ASHP recommendations for pharmacy-practice change included online surveys of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and other stakeholders; extensive discussions by an advisory panel, a strategic planning group, and participants in a town hall session at a national conference; an online public comment period; and final approval by the ASHP Board of Directors.
Conclusion
The guidance offered by the 59 updated PAI recommendations, which take into account environment trends that are likely to affect the pharmacy enterprise, will help health-system pharmacists in their ongoing pursuit of optimal, safe, and effective use of medicines.
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