1
|
Waddell EN, Leibowitz GS, Bonnell LN, Rose GL, McGovern M, Littenberg B. Practice-Level Documentation of Alcohol-Related Problems in Primary Care. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2338224. [PMID: 37856124 PMCID: PMC10587783 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Rates of alcohol-associated deaths increased over the past 20 years, markedly between 2019 and 2020. The highest rates are among individuals aged 55 to 64 years, primarily attributable to alcoholic liver disease and psychiatric disorders due to use of alcohol. This study investigates potential geographic disparities in documentation of alcohol-related problems in primary care electronic health records, which could lead to undertreatment of alcohol use disorder. Objective To identify disparities in documentation of alcohol-related problems by practice-level social deprivation. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care clinical trial (September 21, 2017, to January 8, 2021) was performed. A national sample of 44 primary care practices with co-located behavioral health services was included in the analysis. Patients with 2 primary care visits within 2 years and at least 1 chronic medical condition and 1 behavioral health condition or at least 3 chronic medical conditions were included. Exposure The primary exposure was practice-level Social Deprivation Index (SDI), a composite measure based on county income, educational level, employment, housing, single-parent households, and access to transportation (scores range from 0 to 100; 0 indicates affluent counties and 100 indicates disadvantaged counties). Main Outcomes and Measures Documentation of an alcohol-related problem in the electronic health record was determined by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes or use of medications for alcohol use disorder in past 2 years. Multivariable models adjusted for alcohol consumption, screening for a substance use disorder, urban residence, age, sex, race and ethnicity, income, educational level, and number of chronic health conditions. Results A total of 3105 participants (mean [SD] age, 63.7 [13.0] years; 64.1% female; 11.5% Black, 7.0% Hispanic, 76.7% White, and 11.9% other race or chose not to disclose; 47.8% household income <$30 000; and 80.7% urban residence). Participants had a mean (SD) of 4.0 (1.7) chronic conditions, 9.1% reported higher-risk alcohol consumption, 4% screened positive for substance use disorder, and 6% had a documented alcohol-related problem in the electronic health record. Mean (SD) practice-level SDI score was 45.1 (20.9). In analyses adjusted for individual-level alcohol use, demographic characteristics, and health status, practice-level SDI was inversely associated with the odds of documentation (odds ratio for each 10-unit increase in SDI, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, higher practice-level SDI was associated with lower odds of documentation of alcohol-related problems, after adjusting for individual-level covariates. These findings reinforce the need to address primary care practice-level barriers to diagnosis and documentation of alcohol-related problems. Practices located in high need areas may require more specialized training, resources, and practical evidence-based tools that are useful in settings where time is especially limited and patients are complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Needham Waddell
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health & OHSU School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | | | - Levi N. Bonnell
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Gail L. Rose
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Mark McGovern
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
McGovern R, Homer T, Kaner E, Smart D, Ternent L. Preferences for Delivering Brief Alcohol Intervention to Risky Drinking Parents in Children's Social Care: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:615-621. [PMID: 35443044 PMCID: PMC9465525 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Many parents in contact with children's social care services misuse alcohol however do not meet the threshold for specialist alcohol treatment, and typically do not receive appropriate support for their needs. Brief alcohol interventions have been found to be effective in healthcare settings, however, it is unknown whether the brief intervention structure delivered within health settings would transfer well into children's social care. This paper aims to examine the characteristics of brief intervention for alcohol misusing parents which social care practitioners consider to be important and acceptable to implement in this sector. METHODS We assessed preferences for, and acceptability of, brief alcohol intervention with parents in contact with children's social care using a discrete choice experiment. We recruited 205 children's social care practitioners from London and the North East of England. Data were analysed using mixed logit which accounted for repeated responses. FINDINGS Six attributes showed statistically significant coefficients, suggesting that a brief intervention with these attributes would encourage implementation. These were: level of alcohol-related risk targeted; intervention recipient; timing of intervention; duration of sessions; number of sessions and intervention structure. The attribute of most importance identified based on the attribute with the largest coefficient in the conditional logit model was risk level. CONCLUSIONS Brief alcohol interventions delivered to parents in social care should focus on the impact upon children and the wider family, they should be a flexible part of on-going casework and should be more intensive and less structured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - T Homer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - E Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - D Smart
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - L Ternent
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potthoff S, O'Donnell AJ, Karlsen AT, Brendryen H, Lid TG. Pragmatic approaches for addressing alcohol in general practice: Development of a tailored implementation intervention. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2022; 2:940383. [PMID: 36925895 PMCID: PMC10012791 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.940383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol consumption is a leading global risk factor for ill-health and premature death. Alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) delivered in primary care is effective at reducing alcohol consumption, but routine implementation remains problematic. Screening all patients for excessive drinking (universal screening) is resource-intensive and may be at odds with general practitioners' (GPs') perceived professional role. This study aimed to develop a tailored, theory-based training intervention to strengthen GPs' ability to address alcohol and to manage alcohol-related health problems through a pragmatic approach based on clinical relevance. Methods A qualitative study design involving focus group interviews and a structured questionnaire for free text replies with GPs in Norway. Behavioral analysis assessed factors influencing delivery of SBI according to the 'capability, opportunity, motivation and behavior' (COM-B) model to inform intervention development using the Behavior Change Wheel. Qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis and an iterative approach was adopted to develop the training. Results A purposive sample of GPs attended the focus groups (n = 25) and completed the questionnaire (n = 55). Four areas required additional support including: understanding the link between alcohol use and health problems; opening up the conversation on alcohol use; addressing alcohol and dealing with obstacles; and following-up and maintaining change. Findings informed the development of a four-session interactive training intervention and a digital intervention for providing support for patients between consultations to address the identified needs. Conclusion This work highlights the value of pragmatic, relevance-based clinical strategies, as opposed to universal screening approaches to addressing alcohol in primary care. A pragmatic approach is more in line with GPs existing sclinical skill set and holds the potential to improve widespread uptake and implementation of SBI in routine primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Potthoff
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jane O'Donnell
- Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Håvar Brendryen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Gilje Lid
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Older adults continue to drink as they age. Aging changes alcohol kinetics just as with any other drug. Older adults have increased sensitivity to acute alcohol intake that accounts for the increased risk of falls, traffic accidents, and other injury. The Annual Medicare Wellness Exam is an excellent opportunity to introduce screening for unsafe drinking along with accumulated risks and deficits of aging. Older adults have responded well to brief interventions for unhealthy drinking. In the presence of alcohol use disorder or serious comorbidity including psychiatric illness, referral to specialized multidisciplinary care can be lifesaving.
Collapse
|
5
|
Frischknecht U, Hoffmann S, Steinhauser A, Lindemann C, Buchholz A, Manthey J, Schulte B, Rehm J, Kraus L, Verthein U, Reimer J, Kiefer F. [Screening for Problematic Alcohol Consumption - A Survey on Guideline Implementation in Transdisciplinary Health Care of a Model Region]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2020; 84:43-51. [PMID: 33302318 DOI: 10.1055/a-1276-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recording the frequency of screenings for problematic alcohol consumption by professionals involved in the health care of respective patients. The German S3-guideline "screening, diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-related disorders" recommends the use of questionnaire-based screenings for all patients in all settings. METHODS Cross-sectional survey on screening frequency among general practitioners, gynecologists, psychiatrists, child- and adolescent therapists, psychotherapists, social workers and midwives. Logistic regression was used to explore how healthcare professionals' attributes were associated with the implementation of screenings. RESULTS With response rates of about 20%, health care professionals reported using screening instruments for an average of 6.9% of all patients during the previous four weeks. Most of the time, custom-made questions were used instead of the recommended instruments (AUDIT, AUDIT-C). Higher screening rates were reported for patients with newly diagnosed hypertension (21.2%), alcohol-related disorders (43.3%) and mental disorders (39.3%). Knowledge of the guideline was associated with implementation of screenings (OR=4.67; 95% KI 1.94-11.25, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive screening for problematic alcohol use with questionnaire-based instruments in accordance with guidelines is far from being routinely implemented in the studied health care settings. Measures to increase the knowledge of the guidelines are necessary in order to increase the frequency of alcohol screening in health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Frischknecht
- Feuerlein Centrum für Translationale Suchtmedizin, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim.,Katholische Hochschule NRW, Deutsches Institut für Sucht- und Präventionsforschung, Köln
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Feuerlein Centrum für Translationale Suchtmedizin, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
| | - Alisa Steinhauser
- Feuerlein Centrum für Translationale Suchtmedizin, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
| | - Christina Lindemann
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Suchtforschung der Universität Hamburg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - Bernd Schulte
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Suchtforschung der Universität Hamburg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, TU Dresden, Dresden.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research & Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health - Russell Street Site, Toronto.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , PAHO, Washington.,Epidemiological Research Unit, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation, Moskva.,Graduate Department of Community Health and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, München.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest
| | - Uwe Verthein
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Suchtforschung der Universität Hamburg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Jens Reimer
- Klinikverbund Bremen, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH Klinikverbund Bremen, Bremen
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Feuerlein Centrum für Translationale Suchtmedizin, Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cowlishaw S, McCambridge J, Kessler D. Identification of Gambling Problems in Primary Care: Properties of the NODS-CLiP Screening Tool. J Addict Med 2019; 12:442-446. [PMID: 29944480 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are several brief screening tools for gambling that possess promising psychometric properties, but have uncertain utility in generalist healthcare environments which prioritize prevention and brief interventions. This study describes an examination of the National Opinion Research Centre Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS-CLiP), in comparison with the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), when used to operationalize gambling problems across a spectrum of severity. METHODS Data were obtained from 1058 primary care attendees recruited from 11 practices in England who completed various measures including the NODS-CLiP and PGSI. The performance of the former was defined by estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs), when PGSI indicators of problem gambling (5+) and any gambling problems (1+), respectively, were reference standards. RESULTS The NODS-CLiP demonstrated perfect sensitivity for problem gambling, along with high specificity and a NPV, but a low PPV. There was much lower sensitivity when the indicator of any gambling problems was the reference standard, with capture rates indicating only 20% of patients exhibiting low to moderate severity gambling problems (PGSI 1-4) were identified by the NODS-CLiP. CONCLUSIONS The NODS-CLiP performs well when identifying severe cases of problem gambling, but lacks sensitivity for less severe problems and may be unsuitable for settings which prioritize prevention and brief interventions. There is a need for screening measures which are sensitive across the full spectrum of risk and severity, and can support initiatives for improving identification and responses to gambling problems in healthcare settings such as primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Australia (SC); Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK (SC, DK); Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK (JM)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Puddey IB, Mori TA, Barden AE, Beilin LJ. Alcohol and Hypertension—New Insights and Lingering Controversies. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
8
|
Hinfray S, Airagnes G, Le Faou AL, Ducoutumany G, Louville P, Lemogne C, Thauvin I, Juvin P, Limosin F. Repérage standardisé du mésusage de l’alcool au service d’accueil des urgences : l’exemple de la passation systématique du questionnaire FACE à l’hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:355-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
O'Connor EA, Perdue LA, Senger CA, Rushkin M, Patnode CD, Bean SI, Jonas DE. Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2018; 320:1910-1928. [PMID: 30422198 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Unhealthy alcohol use is common, increasing, and a leading cause of premature mortality. OBJECTIVE To review literature on the effectiveness and harms of screening and counseling for unhealthy alcohol use to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through October 12, 2017; literature surveillance through August 1, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Test accuracy studies and randomized clinical trials of screening and counseling to reduce unhealthy alcohol use. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Independent critical appraisal and data abstraction by 2 reviewers. Counseling trials were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, drinks per week, exceeding recommended limits, heavy use episodes, abstinence (for pregnant women), and other health, family, social, and legal outcomes. RESULTS One hundred thirteen studies (N = 314 466) were included. No studies examined benefits or harms of screening programs to reduce unhealthy alcohol use. For adolescents (10 studies [n = 171 363]), 1 study (n = 225) reported a sensitivity of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.83) and specificity of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.86) using the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption) to detect the full spectrum of unhealthy alcohol use. For adults (35 studies [n = 114 182]), brief screening instruments commonly reported sensitivity and specificity between 0.70 and 0.85. Two trials of the effects of interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents (n = 588) found mixed results: one reported a benefit in high-risk but not moderate-risk drinkers, and the other reported a statistically significant reduction in drinking frequency for boys but not girls; neither reported health or related outcomes. Across all populations (68 studies [n = 36 528]), counseling interventions were associated with a decrease in drinks per week (weighted mean difference, -1.6 [95% CI, -2.2 to -1.0]; 32 studies [37 effects; n = 15 974]), the proportion exceeding recommended drinking limits (odds ratio [OR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.67]; 15 studies [16 effects; n = 9760]), and the proportion reporting a heavy use episode (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.77]; 12 studies [14 effects; n = 8108]), and an increase in the proportion of pregnant women reporting abstinence (OR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.43 to 3.56]; 5 studies [n = 796]) after 6 to 12 months. Health outcomes were sparsely reported and generally did not demonstrate group differences in effect. There was no evidence that these interventions could be harmful. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adults, screening instruments feasible for use in primary care are available that can effectively identify people with unhealthy alcohol use, and counseling interventions in those who screen positive are associated with reductions in unhealthy alcohol use. There was no evidence that these interventions have unintended harmful effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O'Connor
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Leslie A Perdue
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Caitlyn A Senger
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan Rushkin
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Carrie D Patnode
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sarah I Bean
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study is to summarise the current literature on both the impact and the implementation of primary health care-based screening and advice programmes to reduce heavy drinking, as an evidence-based component of managing alcohol use disorder in primary health care. RECENT FINDINGS Systematic reviews of reviews find conclusive evidence for the impact of primary health care delivered screening and brief advice programmes in reducing heavy drinking. The content, length of advice and which profession delivers the advice seems less important than the actual encounter between provider and patient. Despite the global burden of disease due to heavy drinking and the evidence that this can be reduced by screening and brief advice programmes delivered in primary health care, such programmes remain poorly implemented. Were such programmes widely implemented, there would be substantial health and productivity gains. Systematic reviews and international studies indicate that improved implementation requires tailoring of training and programme content to match the needs of providers, training and ongoing support and embedding of programmes within local community support, championed by local leaders. The next stage of implementation and scale-up of evidence-based screening and brief advice programmes should take place embedded within supportive local community action, with appropriate research to demonstrate impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, 6221 HA Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Amy O’Donnell
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anderson P, O'Donnell A, Kaner E, Gual A, Schulte B, Pérez Gómez A, de Vries H, Natera Rey G, Rehm J. Scaling-up primary health care-based prevention and management of heavy drinking at the municipal level in middle-income countries in Latin America: Background and protocol for a three-country quasi-experimental study. F1000Res 2017; 6:311. [PMID: 29188013 PMCID: PMC5686480 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11173.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While primary health care (PHC)-based prevention and management of heavy drinking is clinically effective and cost-effective, it remains poorly implemented in routine practice. Systematic reviews and multi-country studies have demonstrated the ability of training and support programmes to increase PHC-based screening and brief advice activity to reduce heavy drinking. However, gains have been only modest and short term at best. WHO studies have concluded that a more effective uptake could be achieved by embedding PHC activity within broader community and municipal support. Protocol: A quasi-experimental study will compare PHC-based prevention and management of heavy drinking in three intervention cities from Colombia, Mexico and Peru with three comparator cities from the same countries. In the implementation cities, primary health care units (PHCUs) will receive training embedded within ongoing supportive municipal action over an 18-month implementation period. In the comparator cities, practice as usual will continue at both municipal and PHCU levels. The primary outcome will be the proportion of consulting adult patients intervened with (screened and advice given to screen positives). The study is powered to detect a doubling of the outcome measure from an estimated 2.5/1,000 patients at baseline. Formal evaluation points will be at baseline, mid-point and end-point of the 18-month implementation period. We will present the ratio (plus 95% confidence interval) of the proportion of patients receiving intervention in the implementation cities with the proportions in the comparator cities. Full process evaluation will be undertaken, coupled with an analysis of potential contextual, financial and political-economy influencing factors. Discussion: This multi-country study will test the extent to which embedding PHC-based prevention and management of alcohol use disorder with supportive municipal action leads to improved scale-up of more patients with heavy drinking receiving appropriate advice and treatment. Study status: The four-year study will start on 1
st December 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6221 HA, Netherlands
| | - Amy O'Donnell
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Antoni Gual
- Addictions Unit, Psychiatry Dept, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Red de Trastornos Adictivo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Bernd Schulte
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | | | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands
| | | | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01187, Germany
| |
Collapse
|